PHONETICS

I. /s/, /z/ AND /iz/ endings:

In V (present simple for third pronouns and singular nouns) and N in plural forms
1. /iz/: -sh, -ch, -z(e), -s(e), -dg(e) OR ch, -sh, -x, -s, -z, -ce, -ge
2. /s/: /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, //

3. /z/: /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /l/, /m/, /n/, / /

E.g: watches, misses, comes, gets, needs, uses, knives, cups, picks, faces, knees, takes,
brushes, finds, laughs, breathes
II. /id/, /t/, /d/ endings
1. /id/: t, d
2. /t/: /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, //, /t/
3. /d/: (the rest)
E.g: attacked, blamed, promised, wanted, liked, decided, helped, pushed, counted, started, watched,
lived, avoided, talked, seemed, turned, raised.
III. Trng m (stress):
1. Nhng t kt thc bng cc ui sau th c nhn vo m tit cui:

-ade: lemonade, colonnade (dy ct), escapade (o tu)

Ngoi l: decade, marmalade (mt cam)
-ain: obtain, retain, contain, maintain
-aire: millionaire, questionnaire
-ee: adoptee (con nui), absentee, refugee (ngi t nn), referee
Ngoi l: coffee, committee
-ese: Japanese, Vietnamese
-eer: engineer, volunteer
-een: canteen, seventeen
-esque: picturesque (p nh tranh )
-ette:cigarette
-ique: technique, unique, antique (c, xa)
-oo: kangaroo, bamboo, taboo (iu cm k)
Ngoi l: cuckoo
-oon: afternoon, balloon, monsoon (gi ma)
2. Nhng t kt thc bng cc ui sau th c nhn vo m tit th 2 k t di ln:
-ia: media, encyclopedia
-artificial: social, financial, material
-ian: musician, electrician, Canadian, historian.
-iar: familiar, peculiar
-it: inherit, exhibit
-id: acid
-ic: Pacific, electric, atomic
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Ngoi l: Catholics
-ics: economics, mathematics, statistics, linguistics
Ngoi l: politics
-ience: patience, conscience, experience, convenience
-ient: sufficient, patient, convenient
-ier: frontier, casher, soldier
-ion: dictation, companion, conclusion, attention, exception, occasion
-ious: victorious, mysterious, religious, ambitious, harmonious
-ental: continental, accident
-sure: enclosure, exposure, composure, pleasure
-ual: punctual, factual
3. Nhng t kt thc bng cc ui sau th c nhn vo m tit th 3 t di ln:
-acy: democracy, diplomacy
-ate: moderate, candidate, concentrate, separate
-ety: variety, anxiety
-ence: equivalence, residence, excellence (khc vi ience trn)
-ent: equivalent, president, government
-entary: elementary, complementary
-ize (ise): organize (-ise), recognize (-ise), realize (-ise)
-ical: political, historical, economical.
-ishment: punishment, establishment
-ison: comparison
-idor: editor
-iture: furniture
-ity: popularity, similarity, community, prosperity, minority
-logy: terminology, technology, sociology, physiology, apology
-omy: economy, astronomy
-ous: numerous, prosperous
-tude: latitude (v ), longitude (kinh ), attitude
-tute: institute, substitute
-try: chemistry, ministry
-tural: natural, cultural, agricultural
-ular: popular, singular, regular

Notes:
1. T ghp: c 2 phn:
a. Danh t ghp : trng m c nhn vo phn u:
E.g: BLACKboard, NOTEbook, BOOKcase, PLAYground, DRUGstore

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 b. Tnh t ghp: trng m nhn vo phn th 2
E.g: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned
c. ng t ghp: trng m nhn vo phn th 2
to underSTAND, to overFLOW
2. //: thng khng nhn
E.g: satellite, volcano, disappear, yesterday, suddenly, teacher
Nhng // vn c nhn:
E.g: prefer, refer
3. Ph t thng khng c nhn:
E.g: unpleasant, indecisive
4. Nu mt t c 2 m tit va l danh t, va l tnh t v ng t th:
a. Danh t v tnh t: Trng m nhn vo m tit th 1
b. ng t trng m nhn vo m tit th 2
E.g: permit (v) permit (n)
comment (v) comment (n)
abstract (v) abstract (n)
present (v) present (n, adj)
record (v) record (n)

Source: Mr. Phung Than VNU

IV M CM (Silent Letter)
Source: http://esl.about.com/od/speakingenglish/a/silent.htm

Here is a list of common letter combinations with silent letters. This list contains most
of the silent letters that give English as a second language students difficulties.

Silent B

B is not pronounced when following M at the end of a word.

climb, crumb, dumb, comb

Silent C

C is not pronounced in the ending "scle"

muscle

Silent D

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D is not pronounced in the following common words:

handkerchief, Wednesday

Silent E

E is not pronounced at the end of words and usually makes the vowel long.

Hope, drive, gave, write, site,

Silent G

G is not often not pronounced when followed by an N

champagne, foreign, sign, feign

Silent GH

GH is not pronounced before T and at the end of many words

thought, through, daughter, light, might, right, fight, weigh

Silent H

H is not pronounced when following W. Some speakers whisper the H before the W.

what, when, where, whether, why,

Silent H

H is not pronounced at the beginning of many words. Use the article "an" with
unvoiced H. Here are some of the most common:

hour, honest, honor, heir, herb

Pronounced H

H is pronounced at the beginning of these common words. Use the article "a" with
voiced H.

hill, history, height, happy, hangover

Silent K

K is not pronounced when followed by N at the beginning of a word.

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knife, knee, know, knock, knowledge

Silent L

L is often not pronounced before L, D, F, M, K.

calm, half, salmon, talk, balk, would, should

Silent N

N is not pronounced following M at the end of a word.

autumn, hymn

Silent P

P is not pronounced at the beginning of many words using the suffix "psych" and
"pneu".

psychiatrist, pneumonia, psychotherapy, psychotic

Silent S

S is not pronounced before L in the following words:

island, isle

Silent T

T is not pronounced in these common words:

castle, Christmas, fasten, listen, often, whistle, thistle

Silent U

U is not pronounced before after G and before a vowel.

guess, guidance, guitar, guest

Silent W

W is not pronounced at the beginning of a word followed by an R.

wrap, write, wrong

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Silent W

W is not pronounced with these three pronouns:

who, whose, whom

Retyped by Ton Lucky Luke :D