Wollstonecrafts ideas in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by

Anne Bront

Student: Jesica Yanina Lopez

ID: 31.441.238

Subject: English Literature II

Teacher: Lic. Silvia Sneidermanis

Programme: Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa

University: Universidad Nacional de San Martn

Date: February, 2017

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Introduction

In her Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft

emphasizes that women are subjects as capable of reason as men, although they are
treated as children or animals by the latter. She places great emphasis in the education
they (do not) receive explaining that is the main reason why their ignorance makes
them submissive and dependant of men.

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall is said to be one of the first feminist novels although it
was published long before the 20th century. It tells the story of a woman (Helen) who
has to scape her abusive and alcoholic husband (Mr. Huntington) in order to save her
life and her sons. She moves to Wildfell Hall where she meets Mr. Markham, a
neighbour farmer, and eventually marries him. Although in the end it is a love story, the
novel visualizes the suffering and mistreatments women had to suffer because of their
dependence of men, specifically their husbands. The author achieves this by placing
great importance in the narrator telling in a detailed way in her diary everyday
situations of violence and abuse. The reader can perceive this since the heroins diary
occupies more than half of the book, which is more than four hundred pages long total.

Also, the tone of the novel is not as romantic as in her sisters novels, like in Jane
Eyre, for instance. The author gives detailed account of what is for a married woman
and her child to live with an alcoholic man and the impossibility to escape from that
situation without her husbands consent. In a more realistic way, Anne Bront exposes
how in that sense, women are prisoners of their male partners. This does not differ
much from what Mary Wollstonecraft elaborates in A Vindication of the Rights of
Women. As it was mentioned before, in this book the author claims that women should
be treated as subjects of reason as men and not only as their property, like slaves.
Bearing this similarity into account, this paper will intend to find some of Mary
Wollstonecraft ideas in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bront.

Being a large novel, once divided in three volumes, in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall
there are many characters and subplots. Although the main characters are Helen
Lawrence, Arthur Huntingdon and Gilbert Markham, the story develops in three
different places. Chronologically speaking, it starts in Staningley Manor where
eighteen-years-old Helen lives with her aunt and uncle. This is the time she meets
young Arthur Huntingdon and falls in love with his beauty and arrogance, and decides
to marry him despite her aunts advice.

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 There are some of Helens acquaintances too: Anabella Wilmott, a beautiful
young woman who marries and older and richer man, and Millicent Hargrave, one of
Helens closest friend. The latter is important to the following analysis because she
may represent certain stereotype of young women in the English society. Helen also
meets Arthurs friends: a group of young and rich men who spend their time getting
together to drink till they lose their senses, hunt and make fun of anyone, even though
they disrespect other people, especially women. All this characters develop in the story,
even though Helen and Arthur move to Grassdale.

From the beginning of their marriage, Helen noticed that Arthurs flaws were in
crescendo. He started to spend more time with his friends outside the house to avoid
being with his wife. When he was at home, he was very disrespectful and abusive,
especially when he was under the effects of alcohol. Two of those friends married
Millicent and Anabella. The latter will be discovered to have an affair with Arthur by
Helen some years later. Her husband not only did not apologise for the affair but
continued his relationship with Anabella openly.

By that time, Arthur and Helen already had a child. His mother tried to protect
him from his father but Arthur, in order to make his wife more miserable, started to
make his own son drink alcohol. That is the moment she decides to leave Grassdale
with her son and move to Wildfell Hall, where her brother used to live. This is when the
novel starts; being new in that place she is obliged to make social contact with their
neighbours without telling them her true identity. She feared Mr. Huntingdon would
take her child away from her. Living in Wildfell Hall she meets a young farmer, Mr.
Markham, who eventually falls in love with her but she cannot correspond to his love
since she is still married. Later, Mr. Huntington dies because of his addiction and
Gilbert Markham learns her true identity. Finally, they marry and live happily with their
children.

Women as objects

As it was mentioned before, the analysis of this work would be about trying to find
some of the ideas developed in A vindication of the rights of Woman in the novel by
Anne Bront. It could be said one of the main topics Mary Wollstonecraft elaborates in
her work is the importance of education in womens political position in the English
society of the eighteenth century. She says that parents and schools have contributed
to raise women as weak subjects and one reason of this may be the fact that in their

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education, strength and usefulness are sacrificed to beauty. They have been raised to
be lovable and alluring wives more than reasonable mothers1.

She also acknowledges that nature made a distinction between men and women
when referring to physical strength. In that sense, the opposite sex is superior.
However, she adds,

This physical superiority cant be deniedand it is a noble privilege! But men,

not content with this natural pre-eminence, try to sink us lower still, so as to make us
merely alluring objects for a moment; and women, intoxicated by the adoration that
men (under the influence of their senses) pay them. 2

This can be seen in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall since there are some female
characters in the search of a suitable husband. Furthermore, one of the main
characters of the story, Mr. Huntingdon, may be one of those men who take women as
merely alluring objects for a moment. This can be perceived when he refers to both
his wife and his lover, Anabella. In the first case, there is a moment when Anabellas
husband learns that she has been unfaithful to him and gets mad at Arthur Huntingdon,
who does not feel guilty for his actions and makes cynical comments as the one that
follows:

'I call that an unchristian spirit now,' said the villain.' But I'd never give up an old
friend for the sake of a wife. You may have mine if you like, and I call that handsome; I
can do no more than offer restitution, can I?'3

The reader can not only confirm that Helen is not loved by her husband anymore
but that she is not valued since Helen is used as an object of trade. But not only Helen,
Anabella as well: In Mr. Huntingdons mind, it is reasonable for a man to offer his wife if
he previously took one from another man. This shows that he neither loved Helen or
Anabella, he used them for his pleasure and entertainment, and once someone gets
tired of them they can be disposable, like any object. This idea may be reinforced by
the fact that one of Arthur friends makes a similar comment of his inconsistency and
little care for women. Just before Helen learns that she has been cheated by Arthur,
she listens to a conversation between some of her guests, complaining about her
husbands bad mood. One of them says, 'You didn't foresee this, then?' ()'But he'll
change again when he's sick of her. If we come here a year or two hence, we shall
have all our own way, you'll see.'4 Since both Anabella and Helen are taken as objects
for his entertainment, even his friends affirm that Arthur will get tired of Anabella in two
years at most. Taking both quotes into account, one can think that both relationships

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are not based in love but attraction and (his) entertainment. In this sense, Mr.
Huntington may represent the kind of men Wollstonecraft talks about, based on the
way of the way he treats these women.

The idea of women as objects is also present at the beginning of the novel, when
Helen, still in love with her husband, narrates in her diary the way Mr. Hunting
introduced her to his social circle. She says, He seemed bent upon displaying me to
his friends and acquaintances in particular, and the public in general, on every possible
occasion and to the greatest possible advantage. It was something to feel that he
considered me a worthy object of pride.5 Again, it can be understood that from the
beginning of the story Arthur does not treat women as equals. In this excerpt, Helen is
treated as an alluring object to show off in front of his acquaintances. And she is an
accomplice of this situation since, she later describes that, in order to please him, she
had to violate my cherished predilections my almost rooted principles in favour of a
plain, dark, sober style of dress; I must sparkle in costly jewels and deck myself out like
a painted butterfly5 Therefore, trying to please Arthur, Helen betrayed her principles
and compared herself with an insect, although a beautiful one, a very delicate,
harmless and fragile creature. Casually, such virtues were expected from ladies in that
time according to Wollstonecraft.

Education and social classes

In A Vindication to the Rights of Woman the author also makes certain

observations as regards education according to the different social classes. She places
a great difference between middle and higher social classes. She believes that those
who belong to the middle class are in a natural state 6. However, Wollstonecraft does
not have a good opinion towards the upper classes, as it can be seen in the following
excerpt,

Weak, artificial beings who have been prematurely and unnaturally raised above
the ordinary wants and feelings of mankind ()The upbringing of the rich tends to make
them vain and helpless, and their unfolding minds are not strengthened by the practice
of the duties that dignify the human character. They live only to amuse themselves, and
by a law that also operates in naturethey soon come to have nothing to offer except
barren amusement.6

The previous description may apply to Arthur Huntington that, as it has been
analysed before, belongs to a higher class and does not behave according to moral
values but according to his convenience and amusement. From all the characters of

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the novel, that one could be considered the evil one or the villain. When his wife tried in
vain to forgive his disrespectfulness, Helen justified his bad behaviour by saying that
his selfish character was due to the way he was raised by his parents, especially his
mother,

If he had not, from the beginning, had a bad, selfish, miserly father, who, to
gratify his own sordid passions, restricted him in the most innocent enjoyments of
childhood and youth, and so disgusted him with every kind of restraint;and a foolish
mother who indulged him to the top of his bent, deceiving her husband for him, and
doing her utmost to encourage those germs of folly and vice it was her duty to
suppress. 7

As the main character claims, his upbringing made him a vicious man and this is
what Wollstonecraft suggests in her consideration of the higher classes. Interestingly,
the Anne Bront may present a contrast between her male characters .Since the
antagonist of the story does not belong to the same social status: Gilbert Markham and
his family own a rentable farm, his father was a farmer and he decided to succeed him.
And although he may be considered to be from a lower social class, Gilbert states
about himself: an honest and industrious farmer is one of the most useful members of
society; and if I devote my talents to the cultivation of my farm, and the improvement of
agriculture in general, I shall thereby benefit, not only my own immediate connections
and dependants, but () mankind at large: hence I shall not have lived in vain. 8 This
character not only has an occupation to think of and work, but is aware of the
importance of being responsible and useful for the rest of the people, not only him. His
vision is less egocentric as the one of Arthur Huntingdon.

Brontes idea of the usefulness of an honest worker for his society does not differ
much of what Wollstonecraft explains in her written work. In the chapter called The
pernicious effects of the unnatural distinctions established in society, the author
criticises people who gain respect not because of the virtues they possess but for their
property. Therefore, she explains, one class presses on another. They are all aiming to
be respected by what they own. In her opinion, since virtues and talent are not valued,
men do not fulfil their duties, but they are treated like demigods. Being very critical of
the nobility, she asks,

Theres a shrewd truth in the homely proverb that whoever the devil finds idle he
will employ. And what can hereditary wealth and titles produce except habitual
idleness? Man is so constituted that he can attain a proper use of his faculties only by
using them, and he wont use them unless the wheels are first set in motion by some

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 kind of necessity. Virtue also can be acquired only by the performance of ones duties
to others. 9

Although Wollstonecraft does not make a distinction, she refers to both men and
women belonging to a higher social class, in the case of Arthur and Gilbert, they may
be taken as the stereotypes of the society she talks about. On the one hand, Gilbert
Markham has to work in his farm and is aware of his responsibility with other people
not only him. On the other hand, Mr. Huntingdon is depicted as a selfish and useless
man. Helen describes him in the following way,

Lusty and reckless, as light of heart and head (), and as restless and hard to
amuse as a spoilt child,and almost as full of mischief too(). I wish he had
something to do, some useful trade, or profession, or employment anything to
occupy his head or his hands for a few hours a day, and give him something besides
his own pleasure to think about, ()I often try to persuade him to learn the piano, but
he is far too idle for such an undertaking. 10

Anne Bront even uses the idea of idleness Wollstonecraft talks about. Following
her reasoning, as Arthur has no necessity to use his faculties because he inherited his
money. His only concern is how to spend it for his own pleasure. His behaviour is the
result of his selfishness. On the other hand, Mr. Markham is depicted as an
honourable and industrious11 man. He does not only think his work is important for
him but for society (an honest and industrious farmer is one of the most useful
members of society12). The contrast is presented as a binary opposition (noble man/
worker, egocentric/socially aware) Gilbert is the man who, at the end of the novel has a
happy ending together with Helen and her son, whereas Arthur dies lonely due to his
dependence of alcohol and full of debts. Following Wollstonecrafts thoughts, those
outcomes may be the result of their social classes and the education they received.

Women and education

In the second chapter of her book, Mary Wollstonecraft asks: If then women are
not a swarm of insignificant ephemera, why should they be kept in ignorance under the
pretty label innocence?13 The author argues that many men complain about womens
inconsistencies and caprices. However, she believes this takes place due to females
ignorance. Any person full of prejudices tends to be characterised by instability. She
continues her explanation by saying that little girls are raised taking their mothers as
role models. She explains,

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 Women are told from their infancy, and taught by their mothers example,
that
a little knowledge of human weakness (properly called cunning),
softness of temperament,
outward obedience, and
scrupulous attention to a puerile kind of propriety, will obtain for them the
protection of man; and if they are also beautiful, thats all they need for at least
twenty years. 14

She takes such description from the one Milton uses to depict Eve, our first frail
mother.15 In the novel, these ideas of how women should be or what is expected from
them are presented many times throughout the book. Both men and women express
their opinions of how they understand women should behave, especially when they are
married. In one of the marital scenes between Arthur and Helen, the latter complains
about her husbands open flirtation with Anabella and he replies: 'You promised to
honour and obey me, and now you attempt to hector over me, and threaten and
accuse me, and call me worse than a highwayman.(). I won't be dictated to by a
woman, though she be my wife.'16 In their exchange, it can be seen that not only Mr
Huntingdon does not feel sorry for disrespecting his wife but feels offended because
she is not soft tempered and obedient as he and society, according to Wollstonecrafts
words, believe a woman should be. Helen does not seem to follow those
characteristics and it seems that, according to her husband, she has no right in
complaining if he shows romantic interest for another woman, in front of his wife.

It is believed that it is useful for a woman to reverse gender roles to prove a

situation of inequality. Exactly this is what the main character of the novel does to prove
that her husbands arguments are not fair. Following the before cited dialogue, she
claims: Just imagine yourself in my place: would you think I loved you, if I did so?
Would you believe my protestations, and honour and trust me under such
circumstances? 17 ' However, her reasoning does not make her husband change his
mind. He keeps on enumerating what is expected of her as a woman, although that
may be unfair. Arthur replies: 'The cases are different, It is a woman's nature to be
constant - to love one and one only, blindly, tenderly, and for ever - bless them, dear
creatures! And you above them all; but you must have some commiseration for us,
Helen; you must give us a little more licence. 18 Again, it can be perceived that
Huntingdons arguments are based on gender stereotypes. He uses nature to justify
the blindly love (or obedience) Helen should practice. However, Wollstonecraft proves
in her book that those arguments have nothing to do with nature but culture. She

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blames education for those behaviours and her goal is to vindicate women to make
them more independent. As it was mentioned before, she recalls those arguments to
explain why women are supposed to behave in such way. She continues referring to
Miltons description of women and claims:

I dont understand him unless in true Moslem fashion he means to deprive us of

souls, insinuating that all we were designed for was to use sweet attractive grace and
docile blind obedience to gratify the senses of man when he can no longer soar on the
wing of contemplation. Those who advise us only to turn ourselves into gentle
domestic animalshow grossly they insult us! 19

The docile blind obedience the author talks about is also suggested by Bront
when Helen realizes, after two years of marriage, what a wifes duty is for her husband.
She says: his idea of a wife is a thing to love one devotedly, and to stay at home to
wait upon her husband, and amuse him and minister to his comfort in every possible
way, while he chooses to stay with her; and, when he is absent, to attend to his
interests, domestic or otherwise, and patiently wait his return, no matter how he may
be occupied in the meantime.20 Some people could also find this insulting, since his
requirements are more fitting for a slave rather than for someone who supposedly
loves. This disdain on the part of Mr. Huntingdon towards a womans labour can also
be pictured in the following quote where he is having an argument with Helen about his
problems during a period of abstinence. He says: 'Do you think I have nothing to do but
to stay at home and take care of myself like a woman?' 21 By saying this, he implies that
she has nothing to do in their house but stay, someone who does not have a life apart
from the one of her husbands.

Some other characters also show the way gender roles were perceived in the
English society of the time. Returning again to the last conversation of this analysis,
husband and wife keep talking now about their friends and how her best friend,
Millicent, is what Arthur considers to be the ideal wife. He comments that his friends
wife, Millicent, is quite a pattern for her sex22 and he explains why,

. He might amuse himself just as he pleased, in regular bachelor style, and she
never complained of neglect; he might come home at any hour of the night or
morning, or not come home at all; be sullen, sober, or glorious drunk; and play the
fool or the madman to his own heart's desire, without any fear or botheration. She
never gives him a word of reproach or complaint, do what he will. He says there's not
such a jewel in all England, and swears he wouldn't take a kingdom for her. 23

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Although it may be perceived as exaggerated, what Bronte does is to expose in the
most radical way how subrogated women were at that time by exposing different
arguments from different characters but always having the same ground. Women are
educated to obey blindly in such way that many people believe is in their nature to do it
so. Certainly, for twenty-first peoples mind this is quite insulting, but Wollstonecraft
claims it in the eighteenth century. As biographer Janet Todd says She seems modern:
with a few changes of language, she could be a 1970s American feminist or an
ambitious and self-obsessed post-modern woman demanding fulfilment on all fronts. 24

Returning to the previous dialogue between the main characters of the novel,
Millicent is the subject of the conversation because she is what not only Arthur but
many people expect of women: total abnegation and no questioning. It seems as if they
have no right even to complain or reject the lack of respect and consideration for them.
After exposing Millicents virtues, in Mr. Huntingdons point of view, Helen tries to
emphasize with her friend and points: 'But he makes her life a curse to her.' 25 However,
Arthur is incapable of empathy and assumes Millicent as someone who has no life
beyond her husbands. He replies: 'Not he! She has no will but his, and is always
contented and happy as long as he is enjoying himself.' 26She has no will but his
again, sounds more of what is expected from a slave or a pet rather than from a wife.
Mr. Huntingdon enumerates all the qualities Millicent possesses by showing instances
of discomfort, disrespect and total lack of caring on the part of her husband.

As it was mentioned before, Arthur is not the only man who thinks in the way
previously described. In one of his letters, he comments that one of his friends, Mr.
Hattersley, decided to get married. Huntingdon did not use to write often to Helen and
she complains about it. Therefore, Arthur exhorts Helen to practice some patience:
that first of womans virtues27 he said. And he adds some information about what
Hattersley believed were the conditions for a woman to become his wife. Arthur writes:

"Only," said he to me, "I must have somebody that will let me have my own
way in everythingnot like your wife, Huntingdon; she is a charming creature, but
she looks as if she had a will of her own, and could play the vixen upon occasion."
() "I must have some good, quiet soul that will let me just do what I like and go
where I like, keep at home or stay away, without a word of reproach or complaint;
for I cant do with being bothered."28

Hattersley makes a contrast between a woman who has to bear her husbands
caprices and someone with no opinion apart from the one of her husbands (Millicent

10
will be the one to fulfil that role later) and someone (Helen) who although may seem
appealing, possesses the flaw of having a will of her own. Again, this idea of having
the mental power used to control and direct ones thoughts and actions, or a
determination to do something, despite any difficulties or opposition29 is of utmost
importance for some man to decide if a woman is acceptable as a wife or not. And their
mothers and the rest of society accept that as natural. Few women would accept a man
like Hattersley as a companion for her life and this was also Millicents case in the
beginning. In one of her letters, she tells Helen that she does not want to marry that
man but she is afraid to disappoint her mother. She writes,

I dread the thought of marrying him. Then why have you accepted him?" you
will ask; and I didnt know I had accepted him; but mamma tells me I have, and he
seems to think so too. I certainly didnt mean to do so; but I did not like to give him a
flat refusal for fear mamma should be grieved and angry (for I knew she wished me to
marry him), 30

Millicent suggests that she has no will on her own, as some characters say. First of all
because she did what her mother wanted and later, because she stayed with a man
she did not love. It seems as her mother and the man who will be later her husband
were their owners since both decided her future. This may be related to what
Wollstonecraft criticises when she talks about well-known thinkers and what kind of
education women should receive according to them. She explains,

Rousseau declares that a woman should never for a moment feel herself to be
independent, that she should be governed by fear to exercise her natural cunning,
and made a coquettish slave in order to make her a more alluring object of desire, a
sweeter companion to man whenever he chooses to relax himself. 31

This explanation fits Arthur and Hattersleys points of view and explains the reason why
many women also teach and pressure their daughters to become coquettish slaves of
their husbands, as it is Millicents situation and Helens too, until she decides to leave
her husband at least. This may not be a coincidence, in the preface of the second
edition of The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Anne Bront explains that although this case is
an extreme one, as I trusted none would fail to perceive; I know that such characters
do exist, and if I have warned one rash youth from following in their steps, or prevented
one thoughtless girl from falling into the very natural error of my heroine, the book has
not been written in vain. 32 It could be said that there is a didactic purpose in her novel,
because she does not only visualize the problems that were previously mentioned but
creates a female main character that questions and rejects the education women are

11
supposed to receive to become wives. After leaving her husband, Helen criticises that
young girls are unprepared to face the world, she says I would not send a poor girl
into the world unarmed against her foes, and ignorant of the snares that beset her
path; nor would I watch and guard her, till, deprived of self-respect and self- reliance,
she lost the power, or the will, to watch and guard herself.33 Her claims are related to
the education and preparation women do not receive and the way they are treated: as
fragile objects. These girls should be empowered to be able to take care of themselves
and gain independence. It could be said that what Helen suggests is what Mary
Wollstonecraft claims in her famous statement: Educate women like men, says
Rousseau, and the more they resemble our sex the less power will they have over us.
That is exactly the point I am making; I dont want women to have power over men; I
want them to have power over themselves. 34 And what makes women to have power
over themselves has mainly to do with the way they are prepared and educated, as
Wollstonecraft claims all along her book and Anne Bront also may show in her novel.

Conclusion

Several elements have been analysed in order to try to find what Mary
Wollstonecraft claims in her Vindication of the Rights of Woman in the novel The
Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bront. First of all, it has been discussed
Wollstonecrafts idea of women as objects in the novel. Arthur Huntingdon may
represent these kinds of men who use women as disposable objects for their
entertainment. This could be seen not only with Helen, his wife, but also with Anabella,
his lover.

Later, it could be seen that there is a difference in education depending on the

social class someone belongs to, as it is expressed in A Vindication. There is a contrast
made between Arthur Huntingdon and Gilbert Markham. The first character is depicted
as an idle and selfish noble man, and the second one as a humble and hard worker
farmer.

Finally, the last segment of this analysis has been devoted specifically to the
education women receive. Among other virtues, Wollstonecraft explains, young girls
are taught by their mothers that they should be obedient and soft-tempered in order to
get a husband. The author quotes Rousseau and Milton to show why society upbrings
women in this way. That also may be perceived in the novel, taking into account Helen
and Millicents cases. Both their husbands justified their misbehaviour by saying that is
natural for women to be patient and obey their husbands. It has been mentioned more
than once that for a woman have a will of her own was not something praised by

12
men, on the contrary. Therefore, taking all these aspects into account, it could be said
that what Mary Wollstonecraft claimed in the eighteenth century was present in The
Tenant of Wildfell Hall by Anne Bront, in the nineteenth century and it is still relevant
for the twenty-first-century societies.

13
NOTES

1 and 2 Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, P. 4.
Web.

3 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 318. Web

4. Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 270. Web.

5. Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 203. Web.

6 Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, p. 5.
Web.

7 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, pp. 163-164. Web.

8 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 9. Web.

9 Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, p. 85.
Web.

10 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 211. Web.

11 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 9. Web.

12 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 9. Web

13, 14 and 15 Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures
on Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, P
13. Web.

,
16 17 and 18 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 221. Web

19 Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, P 13

20 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 226. Web

21 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 236. Web

22 and 23 . Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 239. Web

14
24 Janet Todd. Mary Wollstonecraft: A 'Speculative and Dissenting Spirit'.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/wollstonecraft_01.shtml

25 and 26 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. 239. Web

27 and 28 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. Pp. 206 and
207. Web

29 Definition of will at Cambridge Dictionary.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/will

30 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p . 207. Web

31. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, P 17

32 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. p. 4

33 Bront, Anne. The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Feedbooks: 2007, p. P. 31

34. Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication to the rights of woman with Strictures on

Political and Moral Subjects by Jonathan Bennet. Early Modern Texts: 2010, P 43

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