RUMUS 16 TENSES

Kata Kerja

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-
rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing
artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai Ving saja agar mudah.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.

Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read,
participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2.
Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara
menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa
Inggris.

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada
yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah
memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah D atau ED

seperti: live lived lived, play, played, played.

Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja
beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris
walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini
satu per satu?.

Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):

Misalnya kata kerja drink berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu
contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken

Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering
dipergunakan dalam setiap tenses bahasa inggris
1. Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

} S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

} Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

Yes He does / No He does not (doesnt)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

Contoh kalimat :

(+) She is a new people here.

(+) He plays football every morning

(-) She isnt a new people here.

(-) He does not playing football every morning.

(?) Is she a new people here?

(?) How playing football every morning?

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yabg sedang berlangsungpada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :
+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing badmintoon now

} S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> } They are not playing badmintoon now

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Yes They are / no they are not

For I = am

They, we, you = are

He, She, It = Is

Contoh dalam kalimat :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isnt playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb+main verb

Contoh :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

(+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Contoh :

(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

(+) We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) She hasnt been going to Malang since evening.

(-) We havent been riding a horse for three days.

(?) Has she been going to Malang ?

(?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

2. Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C

Example :

+} We were at school yesterday

-} We were not at school yesterday

?} were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

Contoh :

(+ ) I saw a good film last night

( +) He came here last month

(-) I did not see a good film last night

(-) He didnt come last month

(?) Did I see a good film last night

(?) Did He come here last month

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?): Was/Were + S + Ving

Contoh :

(+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

(+) They were talking about sport when I met him

(-) He wasnt watching television all afternoon last week

(-) They werent talking about sport when I met him

(?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

(+): S + had + V3
(-): S + had + not + V3
(?): Had + S + V3

Contoh :

(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

(+) The ship had left before I arrived

(-) When my brother arrived , I hadnt painted my motor cycle

(-) The ship hadnt left before I arrived

(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

(?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) They had been living there for two month

(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-) They hadnt been living there for two month

(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadnt been playing badminton

(?) Had they been living there for two month?

(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3. Future Tense (Akan Datang)

a. Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

(+) he will met girl friend by seven oclock

(?) Will he go to America next month?

(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b. Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will be writing a comic.

(+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

(-) I will not writing a comic.

(-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

(?) Will I be writing a comic ?

(?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.

(+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.

(-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.

(-) Wewillnothaveleft.

(?) Willyou havearrived?

(?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb

Contoh :

(+) I will have been reading a news paper.

(+) He will have been listening music.

(-) I will havent been reading a news paper.

(-) He will havent listening a music.

(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

(?) Will He have listening a music ?

4. Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

a. Past Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + V1

Negatif: S + would + not + V1

Tanya: Would + S + V1

Contoh :

(+) He would come if you invited him.

(+) They would buy a home the previous day.

(-) He wouldnt come if invited him.

(-) They wouldnt buy a home the previous day.

(?) Would He come if invited him ?

(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

b. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + be + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + be + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + be + Ving

Contoh :

(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.

(+) I shall be sliping at 10 oclock tomorrow.

(-) I shouldnt be swimming at this time the following day.

(-) I shallnt be sleeping at 10 oclock tomorrow.

(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?

(?) Shall I be sleeping at10 oclock tomorrow ?

c. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + V3

Negatif: S + would + not + have + V3
Tanya: Would + S + have + V3

Contoh :

(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.

(+) Nonok will have studied moth by the end of this week.

(-) He wouldnt have gone if he had met his darling

(-) Nonok will have not studied month by the end of this week

(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?

(?) Will Nonok have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

Positif: S + would + have + been + Ving

Negatif: S + would + not + have + been + Ving
Tanya: Would + S + have + been + Ving

Contoh :

Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldnt have been walking here for seventeen year

(-) Rianawati wouldnt have been speaking English for two years

(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?

(?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?

Simple Present Tense (Present Indefinite)

The simple present tense is the one which we use when an action is happening right now, or
when it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why its sometimes called present
indefinite). The simple present tense is formed by using the root form or by adding -s or -es to
the end, depending on the person.

Regular Verbs

In present tense, regular verbs use the root form, except for third person singular (which ends in
-s).

First person singular: I write

Second person singular: You write

Third person singular: He/she/it writes (note the -s)

First person plural: We write

Second person plural: You write

Third person plural: They write

I write grammar books.

This sentence implies that I write grammar books on a regular basis, perhaps as a career.

Anna writes the letter.

This sentence could be from a narrative, telling a story about what Anna is doing right now.

Here are some other examples:

I go, you go, he/she/it goes, we go, you go, they go

I see, you see, he/she/it sees, we see, you see, they see

I learn, you learn, he/she/it learns, we learn, you learn, they learn

Irregular Verbs

Irregular present tense verbs are things like to be, which change for each person.

First person singular: I am

Second person singular: You are

Third person singular: He/she/it is

First person plural: We are

Second person plural: You are

Third person plural: They are

I am 20 years old.

You are 20 years old.

He is 20 years old.

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is used when an action began in the past yet is still relevant. Its created by
using the present tense of have + the past participle.

I have seen

You have seen

He/she/it has seen

We have seen

You have seen

They have seen

Martha has asked for the day off.

Who Has Seen the Wind is an excellent book.

They have slept in because its Saturday morning.

Remember to look out for irregular past participles.

He has drunk all the milk again.

The dogs have lain down in front of the fire.

Youve left your umbrella behind.

Present Continuous Tense (Present Progressive Tense)

When something is happening at the same time were talking about it, thats when we use the
present continuous tense. We form it by using the present tense of be + present participle (the
root word + -ing).

She is washing the car as we speak.

Are you coming with us to the party?

Where are we going?

I am not arguing with you; I am discussing the matter with you.

Remember not to use the present continuous tense with non-action verbs like seem and know.
These verbs should use the simple present.

She is seeming tense.

She seems tense.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Present Perfect Progressive Tense

The present perfect continuous is used with actions that began in the past and are still continuing.
The formula for present perfect continuous is present tense of have + been + present participle
(root + -ing). Youll most often see this verb tense used with the words for and since.

What have you been doing since I last saw you?

Weve been moving house. There are still boxes to unpack.

Theyve been watching TV for three hours now.

The car has been sitting in the garage, unused, since last month.

Has Mary been going to all her classes?

Remember not to use the present perfect continuous tense with non-action verbs like be, seem,
and know. These verbs should use the present perfect.

Mary has been seeming tired.

Mary has seemed tired.

Simple Past Tense

The simple past refers to things that have already happened, and are finished doing their thing.

World War II was from 1939-1945.

Mom cooked supper.

I did the dishes.

Margaret aced her math exam.

Regular Verbs

Regular verbs are changed to the simple past by adding -ed to the end of the root form. If the
verb already ends in -e, we just add -d.

Play played

Type typed

Listen listened

Push pushed

Love loved

Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs follow no pattern when they change to the simple past tense. Youll have to check
a dictionary if youre unsure as to what the past tense might be.

See saw

Build built

Go went

Do did

Leap leapt

Rise rose

Dig dug

Some verbs dont change from their present form.

Put put

Cut cut

Set set

Cost cost

Hit hit

Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is used to show that one action in a sentence finishes before a second
action begins. Words like before and after are indicators that the past perfect tense may be used;
however, there are no strict rules for this situation. You must choose the best verb tense for your
sentence.

The past perfect is created by using I had, you had, he/she had, we had, you had or they had +
past participle.

Both of these sentences are correct.

After he tied his shoes, he left the house.

After he had tied his shoes, he left the house.

The maitre d poured the dessert wine, but not until the cake had been cut.

The baby ripped the book before the mother had noticed him playing with it.

Past Continuous Tense (Past Progressive Tense)

The past continuous tense is used to refer to several temporal situations. Its made with the past
tense of be + the present participle (the root word = -ing).

Narrative in past tense.

It was raining. The water was pouring down in sheets and the passersby were getting wetter with
every step, despite their umbrellas.

When one action is happening at the time of another particular time.

It was raining at noon.

It was raining during lunch.

When one action is happening at the same time as another.

It was raining while I was out walking.

Remember not to use the past continuous tense with non-action verbs like seem and know. These
verbs should use the simple past.

I was knowing my neighbour quite well.

I knew my neighbour quite well.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Past Perfect Progressive Tense)

The past perfect continuous is written by using the past tense of have + been + present participle.
Its used when one activity in the past was happening before or after another activity had taken
place. Look for the words for, since, and before.

The car had been sitting in the garage, unused, for a month.

It was 5 oclock; his parents had been waiting for him since 2 oclock.

Before they immigrated, my father had been working as a surgeon and my mother had been
training to be a psychiatrist.
Wed been walking for only 5 minutes when the rain started.

Remember not to use the past perfect continuous tense with non-action verbs like be, seem, and
know. These verbs should use the past perfect.

The baby had been being cranky all night.

The baby had been cranky all night.

Simple Future Tense

The simple future is the tense we use when something will begin and end later. Its created by
putting will in front of the root word.

I will learn a new language.

Annie will make a cake.

The cat will sleep all day.

Will you come to the beach with us?

Who will become the next president?

Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect is used to talk about an action that will be finished before something else
happens in the future. Its made by using will + have + the past participle. Look for key words
which suggest the action is in the future, such as later, tomorrow, next week and next year.

I promise I will have this finished by the end of today.

Hopefully, the prospectors will have found gold before winter comes.

Will you have shaken that cold by next week, do you think?

We will have eaten all the food by the time he arrives.

Remember to check for irregular past participles.

Future Continuous Tense (Future Progressive Tense)

The future continuous relates one action in the future to another specific action or time.
Its formed this way: will + be + present participle (root word + -ing).

We will be going to the gym after work.

Will you be joining us?

At 5 a.m. tomorrow, they will be departing Alaska.

Ill be returning home next Thursday.

Remember not to use the future continuous tense with non-action verbs like seem and know;
include be in this list for future continuous tense. These verbs should use the simple future.

She will be being here at 3:00.

She will be here at 3:00.

Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Future Perfect Progressive Tense)

The future perfect continuous tense is used much like the future perfect, but one of the actions is
likely to continue beyond the other. It can also be used when one action will be continuing at a
certain time in the future. Create the future perfect continuous this way: will + have + been +
present participle (root + -ing). Look for key words like in and by.

In September, I will have been going to school for 4/5 of my life.

By 2015, you will have been living in Mexico longer than youve lived anywhere else.

By the end of this month, she will have been working long enough to get benefits.

In three months, they will have been seeing each other for a year.

Remember not to use the future perfect continuous tense with non-action verbs like be, seem and
know. These verbs should use the future perfect.

Tomorrow, I will have been being here for a week.

Tomorrow, I will have been here for a week.