OVERVIEW OVERVIEW

MAPPING WATER
S C A R C I T Y A N D P O L L U T I O N
Indias industrial zones are in water-stressed regions. Parwanoo Water ways: How industries pollute
1 Kala Amb Through the discharge of contaminants into water bodies
Water prudence becomes critical. Mandi Gobindgarh
Ghaziabad Through long-term transport, dispersal and deposition of
Ludhina
Gwalior/Bind gaseous emissions
Bhatinda
Kanpur Leaching of contaminants through landfill sites
Panipat Shahdol
2
Delhi Satna
Faridabad
4 Singrauli
6
3 5 Hazaribagh Dhanbad
Jodpur Durgapur
Pollution myth Small-scale industries pollute the most Pali
7

There seems to be little truth in it. Though there is no data on wastewater dis-
Udaipur
charge by large, medium and small-scale sector separately, CPCB has published
25
data on the total wastewater discharged by the entire industrial sector and the
Nagda-Ratlam 29
wastewater discharged by the small-scale industries separately. Based on this 8 Haora
Bhopal 26 27
data, an approximate estimation was done by CSE to get some idea about the
24 Hoogly
amount of pollution generated by various size-based industrial segments. To start
with wastewater discharge by the large and medium scale sectors accounts for 28 Howrah
23 30 11 9
about 95 per cent of the total wastewater discharge by the Indian industry. Small-
Dewas/Pithampur 10
scale industries account for just 5 per cent. Of the 5 per cent wastewater discharge Ranchi
by the small-scale sector, more than 50 per cent is discharge by the engineering Ankleshwar Talcher
Vapi 12
sector, whose pollution intensity in general is less than the other polluting sectors. Cuttack/Baleshwar
This puts a big question mark on the claims of the regulators that SSIs are the Tarapur
biggest polluters in the country. Aurangabad 22 Central Orissa
Korba
Mumbai
Buldana
Industrial Sector Total
Indian
Small-scale
Indian
Large and
medim-scale
Pune
20 Vishakhapatnam
Effects: industrial water use
industry industries Indian industries1 Depletes groundwater reserves.
(mcum)* (mcum)* (mcum)* 13
Patancheru-Bollaram Puts pressure on local surface
21
Thermal power plants 27000.9 27000.9
water bodies.
Distillery 37.6 37.6
Pulp and paper 695.7 396.8 298.9 Polluted stretches of rivers
Nagari
Fertiliser 56.4 56.4 due to industrial activities
1. Beas 16. Cauvery Manali
Steel 396.8 396.8
2. Ghaggar 17. Vellar Vellore
Severely polluted
Sugar 149.7 149.7 Bhadravati 14
3. Yamuna 18. Vaigai
Textiles 637.3 164.3 473.0 North Arcot Polluted
4. Burhi Ganga 19. Periyar 15
INDUSTRY A Down To Earth supplement

A Down To Earth supplement INDUSTRY

Engineering 1551.3 775.6 775.6 5. Ram Ganga 20. Krishna Dodballaur 16 Cuddalore
Moderately Polluted
6. Deora 21. Dudh Ganga 19
Organic chemicals 36.5 21.9 14.6
7. Gomti 22. Godavari 17 Polluted Groundwater areas
Others 167.2 58.0 109.1 8. Damodar 23. Bhadar due to industrial activities
18
Total 30729.2 1416.6 29312.6 9. Subarnarekha 24. Sabarmati
10. Baitarani 25. Banas
Greater Kochi Groundwater depletion
Note: *Annual wastewater discharge (milliam cubic meters) 11. Brahmani 26. Parbati
1 Wastewater discharged by large and medium scale industries = Total wastewater discharged due to industrial activities
12. Mahanadi 27. Betwa
Wastewater discharged by SSI.
Source: Data on total wastewater discharge from Water quality in India (Status and trends) 1990 13. Musi 28. Narmada tributaries
2001 published by CPCB. Data on wastewater discharge for SSI from Annual Report-2001, 14. Palar 29. Son
CPCB. For large and medium scale industries, estimation done by CSE. 15. Pennaiyar 30. Chambal tributaries

February 29, 2004 February 29, 2004 Map not to scale

70 71