208 CHAPTER 6 Anajsis of Cost Estimation Table 6-2 Cost indexes as annual averages i Marshall and Swift Installed-equlpment Indexes, 1926 = 100 all Process Year industries. industry 1913 = 100 1949= 1001967 = 100 1987 814 330 4406 956 410 Tis ™e 1988852 85934519 980 221 ane 1989895 m6 4615 1001 430 hss 199091519293 ATE 1026 4a hae 1991 9306 949.9 4835 1049 450 12529 My 1992-9431 9579 4985 1081 464 12773 My 1993 96427145210 1130 48s 08 MY 19949934) 99285408 73 04 97M 1995 s0r7s 10280 S47 87 509 en Mt 1996 1039.1 1048.5 $620 1219, $23 1418.9 ay 1997 1056.8 © 1063.7 5825 1264 $22 1449.2 ay 1998 10619 1077.1 $920 1384 551 ung oa 1999 1068310819060 1315 S68 tna 2000, 1089.0 1097.7 6221 1350 379 157g 2001° 1093.9. 1106.9. 6342 1376 591 1579.7 wy 2002 1102st 11169! __64908 1408 Gost 1339-2 Ry pcos Psnedin Sv en and ine MCG wba lon isa Fry 208 od a 7 coe rei se in Me rinse cneendig ahaa Eoin eal cost data presented inte text. ‘Projected ‘Calculated wid revised index see Chem. Eng. 108: 62 (2002) Swift all-industry and process-industry equipment indexes,* the Enginering kx - Record construction index,* the Nelson-Farrar refinery construction index! wa Chemical Engineering plant cost index Table 6-2 presents a list of values for types of indexes over the past 15 years. : ‘There are numerous other indexes presented in the literature that can be wl specialized purposes. For example, cost indexes for materials and labor for ‘Value ore Marshall and Swit equipment cos indexes are published each month in Chena Fora complet description of thee inns, se R. W. Stevens, Chem. En. S411): 124 (1947 Sere Eng, B51): 189 (1978) and 929) 75 (1985), ‘he Engineering News-Record construction cos index appears weekly inthe Eigincering Net Re complete description of his index and the revised basis see Eng, News-Record, 143(9): 398 1949317 (196 soy seed in he Marc sac cach year fr example, se En. Men ro a ' cases) ‘The Nelion-Farar refinery consiction ines is publi i te ob Index is published the first week of each moat in i Journal. For» complete description ofthis index, see 1 (1965), 744) 6894 ee ees 2X, Se il Gas J, 6314); 18S (1965). 74 ‘Te Chemical Enincering plant cost index is published cach momh in Chemical Eine MA espn of his index is found in Chem. Eng, 7S) 143 (1963 wth : 7S) ih ecapring and psi 4 3 gear, The inde i ing revs in 200210 provide aber reat een te rae involved in hinder: se W M. Vavtuk Che i. 1081) 62 (2002) fr detail.CHAPTER 6 Anaiyss ol Cost Estimation Table 6-14 Cost tabulation for selected utilities and labor Utility rr 5 Electrici Mage Fuel Sia Coal ; | Petroleum 35. Petroleum coke Hse a ee | Refrigeration, to temperature ; be 2 “ae Beg Sane ‘ osc) Steam, saturated 108-10" kPa (150-1500 psi) 440 Wastewater . Disposal 033 Treatment ose Waste ; i" Hazardous 48.00 | Nenazrdoe emg Water ig Cooling ire ecm oa Labor ‘Skilled 33.67 $y 25.58 Sie Common “Baxed on US. Deparment of Energy, Energy Information Admiisration form 2001.US ry 22 bp ge eps meyer em ae Sea a. wag ld A Seah oe aerate eas 4US. Department of Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies, DOE/GO-102000-1115, December 200, “US. Department of Energy. Office of Industrial Technologies. DOE/GO-10099.953, June 2001,” Aigo eats aap Sane a en Mean {Egle orto ne Dei 30 supervisory and clerical labor averages about 15 percent of the cost for opi labor, For reduced capacities, supervision usually remains fixed at the 100 pect capacity rate, Utllitles The cost for utilities, such as steam, electricity, process and cooling wa compressed air, natural gas, fuel oil, refrigeration. and waste treatment and dispos varies widely depending on the amount needed, plant location, and source. A det list of ranges of rates for various utilities is presented in App. B. Some typical css! utilities are given in Table 6-14. : The required types of utilities are established by the flowsheet conditions B ,amount can sometimes be estimated in preliminary cost analyses from avait ‘Miation abput similar operations. More often the utility requirements are det