BI GING

Chng m u
B mn Sc bn Vt liu
Trng i hc GTVT
 BG1- V tr, nhim v, i tng
v phng php nghin cu ca mn hc

Liu c
Vng
gy
qu?
khng
nh?

Mng manh
qu?
 BG1- V tr, nhim v, i tng
v phng php nghin cu ca mn hc

Tnh ton v bn
Tnh ton bo m cho kt cu khng b ph hng (t, trt,
gy).

Tnh ton v cng

Tnh ton bo m cho kt cu bin dng mc sao cho khai thc
c bnh thng.

Tnh ton v n nh
Tnh ton v kh nng ca kt cu gi c hnh thi bin dng hu
hn ban u.
 BG1- V tr, nhim v, i tng
v phng php nghin cu ca mn hc
 BG1- V tr, nhim v, i tng
v phng php nghin cu ca mn hc

Phn loi vt th thc

Trc thanh z
h
y

Mt trung bnh
Thanh Tm, v Vt th khi
 BG1- V tr, nhim v, i tng
v phng php nghin cu ca mn hc

xy dng phng php tnh, da vo:

9 Phng trnh cn bng tnh (hay ng)
9 Phng trnh bin dng
9 Phng trnh vt l

Ba bi ton c bn ca Sc bn vt liu
9 Bi ton kim tra
9 Bi ton xc nh ti cho php
9 Bi ton xc nh kch thc hnh hc
 BG2- S tnh, ti,
cc lin kt v phn lc lin kt

S tnh
l hnh v i tng tnh ton c n gin ha, ch cn mang
nhng c im cn thit cho vic tnh ton.

160

20
120
20
(cm)

40
O
40
 BG2- S tnh, ti,
cc lin kt v phn lc lin kt
 BG2- S tnh, ngoi lc,
cc lin kt v phn lc lin kt
Ngoi lc: l yu t t mi trng bn ngoi tc ng vo kt cu
gy ra ni lc, bin dng cho kt cu.

Ngoi lc

Lc th tch Lc mt Ti trng Phn lc lin kt

 BG2- S tnh, ti,
cc lin kt v phn lc lin kt
Lin kt l chi tit rng buc cc b phn kt cu vi nhau hoc vi
mi trng bn ngoi (t).
Lc lin kt v phn lc lin kt l cc lc tng tc gia cc b
phn kt cu vi nhau hoc gia cc b phn kt cu vi mi
trng bn ngoi (t) thng qua cc lin kt.
Mt s loi lin kt thng gp

Gi di ng Gi c nh Ngm Ngm trt Gi n hi

 BG3- Chuyn v, bin dng
z

M' s
w
M v
u s
O
y

l chuyn v ng ca im M
u l chuyn v ng theo phng x ca im M
v l chuyn v ng theo phng y ca im M
w l chuyn v ng theo phng z ca im M
l chuyn v gc ca on s
 BG3- Chuyn v, bin dng
z
dl
=
dl
dl+dl dx
x =
dx
dy
dl y =
O dy
y dz
z =
dz
x
dl l bin dng di tuyt i ca on dl
l bin dng di t i (tng i) ca on dl
x l bin dng di t i (tng i) ca on dl theo phng x
y l bin dng di t i (tng i) ca on dl theo phng y
z l bin dng di t i (tng i) ca on dl theo phng z
l gc trt trong mt phng cha gc vung ang xt
xy l gc trt trong mt phng song song vi mt phng xoy
yz l gc trt trong mt phng song song vi mt phng yoz
zx l gc trt trong mt phng song song vi mt phng zox
xy = xy/2; yz = yz/2; zx = zx/2 l cc bin dng gc (bin dng trt)
 BG4- Ni lc, ng sut
Ni lc l lng bin thin ca lc lin kt gia cc phn t vt cht
ca vt th khi c ngoi lc tc dng.
xc nh ni lc ta s dng phng php mt ct

p p
z z p tb =
pn n F
p
K K
F
B p n = lim
F 0 F
A

O O
y y
pn n
x x n
K F n

ng sut l mt phn b ca ni lc
ptb l ng sut ton phn trung bnh ti im K trn mt ct ang xt
pn l ng sut ton phn ti im K trn mt ct ang xt
n l ng sut php ti im K trn mt c php tuyn n
n l ng sut tip ti im K trn mt c php tuyn n
 BG4- Ni lc, ng sut
Ni lc thu gn trn mt ct ngang thanh

z
x
y

Mz
Mx

Qx z
z My Nz
x x
Qy
y y
R M

Nz - lc dc trc,
Qx ,Qy - lc ct,
Mx ,My - m men un,
Mz - m men xon.
 BG4- Ni lc, ng sut
Hiu ng bin dng ca su thnh phn ni lc trn mt ct ngang thanh
 BG4- Ni lc, ng sut

Quan h gia cc ni lc thu gn v cc thnh phn ng sut trn

mt ct ngang thanh

N z = z dF M x = y z dF
Mz
Mx F F

Qx = zx dF M y = x z dF
x z F F
Qx Nz
y My
dF z Q y = zy dF M z = (x zy y zx )dF
x zy
zx F
Qy F

y
 BG5- Cc gi thit ca mn hc
Vt liu:
- Lin tc, ng nht, ng hng,
- n hi tuyn tnh.
Kt cu: Bin dng nh.
Nguyn l Saint Venant:
P
P
P

xa ni t lc, trng thi ng sut v bin dng khng ph

thuc vo cch t lc m ch ph thuc vo hp lc.
 BG6- Khi nim bi ton tnh nh,
bi ton siu tnh

Bi ton tnh nh:

l bi ton c th tnh c cc thnh phn ni lc ch
cn da vo cc phng trnh cn bng tnh hc
Bi ton siu tnh:
l bi ton khng th tnh c cc thnh phn ni lc
nu ch cn da vo cc phng trnh cn bng tnh
hc.
Cch gii: b sung thm cc phng trnh bin dng,
phng trnh vt l
 n tp ti lp

Hc g???

Hiu g???
Lm g???
Hy tnh phn lc lin kt ca cc kt cu sau:
q=10kN/m M=5kNm
P=qa q M=qa 2
A B
C D
P=10kN
2m 1m 1m
a 3a a

1) 2)

Hy i cc n v sau y:

20kN/cm2 = .. bar
20daN/cm2 = .. MPa
20MN/cm2 = .. bar
20MPa = .. bar

Hy cho bit mn C hc l thuyt nm u trong s

hnh cy ca c hc?
 Bi tp & Cu hi n tp

Bi tp v nh

Bi tp s 3,4 trang 22 sch gio trnh

Cu hi n tp

Hy tm 5 th d thc t m s tnh a v thanh v h

thanh, 5 th d v tm hoc v?
Hy cho 2 th d thc t v lc th tch, lc mt?