Chapter 1 PDF

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER &

SOCIETY
OBJECTIVE
To understand the development of engineering.
To study ethics perception and organisation
Preparedby:sitikhalijah
INTRODUCTION
Engineering has evolved and developed as

practical art and a profession over more than
50 centuries.
Historical studies of engineering teach us
respect for the past and its achievement.
INTRODUCTION
The concept of engineering has existed since
ancient times as humans devised fundamental
inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel.
Each of these inventions is consistent with the
modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic
mechanical principles to develop useful tools and
objects.
Development of Engineering in
Society
ENGINEERING
The Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Technology (ABET) defines engineering as
the profession in which a knowledge of the
mathematical and natural sciences gained by
study, experience, and practice is applied with
judgment to develop ways to utilize,
economically, the materials and forces of
nature for the benefit of mankind.
ENGINEERING IN EARLY YEARS
Inventions and innovations had existed in the early
years consist of:
Mesopotamia
Egyptian
Greek
Romans
Contributions of the Mesopotamians
Wheeled cart first appear at the land of Tigris

and Euphrates River
Canals, temples and city wall Sumerian people
Astrolabe an angle measuring device was being used
for astronomical observation
The Ziggurat terraced pyramid of brick
Code of Hammurabi important message dealing

with quality assurance and professional
responsibility
Irrigation and flood control works
Canals
Public water supply
Contributions of the Egyptian
Beginning at 200- BC
Surveying using rope
Irrigation system dykes, canals and drainage
system
Pyramids by Imhotep as a burial place
Contributions of the Greek
Beginning at 600 BC
Advance in art, literature and philosophy
Harbor builders great breakwater or mole

that protect the harbor at Samos
The Pharos of Alexandria first lighthouse

Tunnel 3300 long foot tunnel
Design Athens as most beautiful city building

temple, shrines, statue
Contributions of the Romans
Beginning at 450 BC
Hydraulic cement
Construction machine pile drivers, treadmill

hoist, wooden bucket wheels
The Appian Way road network
Aqua Appia the first aqueduct built at

Rome
The Pantheon temple of all gods of Ancient Rome
The Alcantara Bridge Romans stone arch bridge
The Colosseum - an elliptical amphitheatre and the

largest by Roman empire
ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE AGES
From 500 BC to
1500 BC
Gothic cathedrals
the lightest, most
daring skeleton
stone construction
Castle to protect properties
Labor saving devices windmill, water mills, water

wheels
China gunpowder, development of making paper
processes, iron
Engineer title - Thus the person who created or
designed engines of war -- battering rams,
catapults, assault towers, and the like -- came to be
known as the "ingeniator" or "engine-er".
Contributions of the Islamic civilization
Measurement of distance and size of planet
Time and calendar determination
Algebra and trigonometry
ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE
From 1300 1750 AD
Advancement in transportation and communication
Canal building invention of canal lock, introduce by

Italian architect-engineer
Networks of canal-constructed throughout Europe
Ocean transport
navigation and
shipbuilding, docks and
harbors
Johann Gutenberg
movable type mold for
printing was invented
in 1450
Contribution of scientist
Leonardo da Vinci artist, architect and
experimental scientist
Nicolaus Copernicus founded modern
astronomy that the earth is moving planet
Galileo telescope and law of falling bodies
Robert Boyle compression and expansion of
air and other gases
Contribution of scientist
Robert Hooke theoryof elasticity known as
Hooke Law
Sir Isaac Newton invented calculus, secret of
light and colour, law of universal gravitation
Thomas Newcomen steam engines
ADVANCEMENT IN ENGINEERING
From 1750 1900 AD

James Watt produced a working model of a
vastly improved steam engine
Matthew Boulton and James Watt built engines and
have been used for pumping out mines and driving
the machinery in iron works and textile mills
Charcoal had been used in mis-1700s
Shortage of wood for making charcoal-

development of steam-driven mine pumps
Extensive network of canals at England
Progress in transportation railroad system
Advance in technology of road building John

Macadam developed a method of road construction by
compacting layers of broken stones
Thomas Telford advocated building roads by using

large flat stones set on edge and wedged together to
form a solid base that was surfaced with broken stone
and gravel
Development of electricity source of power
First electric battery by Alessandra Volta
Sir Humphrey Davy discovered electromagnetism
and arch light
Michael Faraday demonstrated process of
magnetic induction
Thomas A. Edison invented incandescent bulb
Communication by telegraph by Samuel F.B. Morse
Engineering Profession
John Smeaton of Great Britain, the first use title
Civil Engineer
1818 Institution of Civil Engineers
1847 Institution of Mechanical Engineer
1908 engineering societies in America was
establish for civil, electrical, chemical and
mining
ENGINEERING IN TWENTIETH CENTURY
Air transportation - In 1903, Wibur and Orville Wright

flew their airplane on a journey that lasted 12 seconds
and covered a distance of 120 feet
Motor vehicles - Henry Ford contributed greatly to the

development and popularity of automobiles by
introducing modern mass production and affordable
vehicle costs
Treatment of water and

sewage rapid sand
filter, large-scale of
sludge settling, uses of
liquid chlorine
Construction project
Empire State Building,
The George Washington
Bridge, The Sears Tower
Water resources Hoover Dam, pioneering concrete

dam
Nuclear power 1967 the first nuclear power
generating station operated
Electronic field invention of transistor in 1947
replaced semiconductor devices have in large
measure replaced vacuum tubes as amplifying
devices for electronic signals
MALAYSIA DEVELOPMENT
1980 Manufacturing (world largest
semiconductor manufacturer)
1983 PROTON (first national car)
1985 Penang Bridge
1993 Sunway Lagoon

1991 KL Tower Suspension Bridge
1995 - Putrajaya
1998 KLIA
1998 Stadium Nasional Bukit Jalil
1999 - Sepang International Circuit
1999 Petronas Twin
Tower
1999 PUTRA LRT
2001 MyCard
2006 Iskandar Malaysia

2003 Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

Completed 2007 ZEO Building

2008- Crystal Mosque

2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (Iron

Mosque)
2012- Malaysia Lego Land
2012- Sabah Convention Centre

Ethic's Perception and Organisation
ETHICS
Ethic is the study of the morality of human actions.
It is the science of determining values in human
conduct and of deciding what ought to be done in
different circumstances and situations.
Major areas of study in ethics include:
Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and
reference of moral propositions and how their truth
values may be determined;
Normative ethics, about the practical means of
determining a moral course of action;
Applied ethics, about how moral outcomes can be
achieved in specific situations; eg. Engineering Ethics
(futher discussion on Chapter 3) Preparedby:sitikhalijah
INTERACTION RULES OF BEHAVIOR
Engineers rarely work as lone individuals; we
generally work in teams.
Therefore, we need a set of interaction rules
outlining the expected sets of behavior between the
engineer, other individuals, and society as a whole.
Interaction rules can be classified as etiquette, law,
morals, and ethics
Etiquette
rules of acceptable personal behavior and courtesy
when interacting with others in a social setting.
Addresses such issues as how many forks to place on
the dinner table, proper dress at weddings, seating
arrangements, and invitations to parties.
In engineering, proper etiquette is manifested by
showing proper respect to employers and clients, not
embarrassing colleagues, answering the phone in a
professional manner, and so forth.
Laws
a system of rules and punishments clearly defined and
established by a society to maintain a safe and orderly
social environment.
violations of law carry penalties such as
imprisonment, fines, community service, death,
dismemberment, or banishment. Each society has its
own consequences for law violations.
Example of law in engineering : Registration of
Engineers Act 1967 of Malaysia stipulates that all
engineers including graduate engineers shall register
with BEM to take up an employment as a Graduate
Engineer.
Morals
personal rules of right and wrong behavior derived
from a persons upbringing, religious beliefs, and
societal influences.
Moral are derive from our parents, religious
background, friends, and the media.
Ethics
a code or system of rules defining moral behavior for
a particular society.
Most professional societies have a formal code of
ethics to guide their members.
Code of ethics for engineer by BEM
MALAYSIA ENGINEERING SOCIETY/
ASSOCIATIONS
An engineering society is a professional
organizations for engineers of various disciplines.
For Civil engineer
Board of Engineers Malaysia
The Institution of Engineers Malaysia
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Malaysian Society for Engineering and Technology
Road Engineering Association of Malaysia
BOARD OF ENGINEERS MALAYSIA
(BEM)
Is a statutory body constituted under the
Registration of Engineers Act 1967.
It was formed in 23rd August 1972.
Its primary role is to facilitate the registration of
engineers and regulate the professional conduct
and practice of registered engineers in order to
safeguard the safety and interest of the public.
(BEM)
Function of BEM are :
Maintain the Register
Process Applications for Registration
Assessment of Academic Qualifications
Regulate the Conduct and Ethics of the Engineering
Profession
Disputes on Professional Conduct and Ethics
Fix the Scale of Fees
Stakeholder
Publication
Promotion of Continued Learning and Education
(BEM)
Requirements for Graduate Engineer
An engineering degree accredited/recognized by EAC,
BEM available in an approved list maintained by EAC,
BEM.
For degree which is not recognised (e.g. 3 years
programme) need to be top up with a master degree
by instruction from accredited university.
Registration fee of RM50.00 is compulsory for each
and every candidate who wish to apply.
THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS
MALAYSIA
Established in 1959
Primary function is to promote and advance the
science and profession of engineering in any or all
of its disciplines and to facilitate the exchange of
information and ideas related to engineering.
MALAYSIA
Services
Professional Interviews
Educational and Social Activities
Engineer's Week
IEM Engineering Career Advisors
Publications
Library
Affinity Programmes
MALAYSIA
Membership
Students
shall be a person who is not less than 17 years of age
pursuing a course leading to the award of an engineering
degree or diploma or equivalent
Candidate enrolled for Part I or Part II of the IEM /BEM
Graduate Examination or Examination of an overseas
professional institution recognized by the Council
Associate
Affiliate
Incorporated
Graduate
Member
Fellow
ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING
ENGINEERS MALAYSIA
Aims and objective
promoting the advancement of the profession of
consulting engineering
to ensure that Consulting Engineers undertaking to
advise on engineering matters shall be fully qualified
engineers in their respective fields and should act in
all professional matters in a strictly fiduciary capacity
to their clients
MALAYSIAN SOCIETY FOR
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
To provide a powerful platform for its members to
network and enhance their professionalism and
ethical conduct, while nurturing them into leading
professionals and captains of the industry.
ROAD ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION
OF MALAYSIA
National organization which represents the road
engineering fraternity in the country.
Membership
Honorary Membership
Ordinary Membership
Institutional Membership
Affiliate Membership
Associate Membership
Life Membership
Student Membership

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEER &

Engineering has evolved and developed as

The Accreditation Board for Engineering and

Wheeled cart first appear at the land of Tigris

Canals, temples and city wall Sumerian people

The Ziggurat terraced pyramid of brick

Code of Hammurabi important message dealing

Pyramids by Imhotep as a burial place

Harbor builders great breakwater or mole

The Pharos of Alexandria first lighthouse

Design Athens as most beautiful city building

Construction machine pile drivers, treadmill

The Appian Way road network

Aqua Appia the first aqueduct built at

The Pantheon temple of all gods of Ancient Rome

The Alcantara Bridge Romans stone arch bridge

The Colosseum - an elliptical amphitheatre and the

Castle to protect properties

Labor saving devices windmill, water mills, water

Advancement in transportation and communication

Canal building invention of canal lock, introduce by

From 1750 1900 AD

Shortage of wood for making charcoal-

Advance in technology of road building John

Thomas Telford advocated building roads by using

Communication by telegraph by Samuel F.B. Morse

Air transportation - In 1903, Wibur and Orville Wright

Motor vehicles - Henry Ford contributed greatly to the

Treatment of water and

Water resources Hoover Dam, pioneering concrete

1985 Penang Bridge

1993 Sunway Lagoon

1999 - Sepang International Circuit

2006 Iskandar Malaysia

2003 Gerbang Selatan Bersepadu

Completed 2007 ZEO Building

2008- Crystal Mosque

2010- Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin Mosque (Iron

2012- Malaysia Lego Land

2012- Sabah Convention Centre

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