jical 2 4 f 6 ment 8 ment i 10 sisms | 2 ‘sms it 4 16 18 utrophication 20 2 24 26 plant 28 30 32 34 36 38 ion 40 ural 42 zeapacity! 44 {capacity | 46 48 50 52 54 Module 2 Human population and the environment SIE CNVRONME NY eer tatiotess weses eos ct 21 The relationship between people and the environment 56 22 Abiotic and biotic factors se 2.3 Demographics: Age and sex structure 60 2.4 Demographics: Fertility, mortality and lifespan 62 2.5 Demographics: Immigration and emigration 64, 2.6 Interpreting demographic da 6 27 Calculating changes in demographic characteristics 8 2.8 Trends in human population 70 2.9 Population distribution in developing nations rR 230 Population distribution in developed nations 74 211 Factors affecting population growth | 76 212 Factors affecting population growth Il 78 213 Population control methods | 80 214 Population control methods I 82 2.15 The indices of poverty 84 2.16 Poverty and human consumption 86 2.17 Population growth and its environmental impact 2.18 Geographical variations in human consumption 219 Population growth and sustainable development | 2.20 Population growth and sustainable development I 2.21 The impact of people on the environment 2.22 Mitigating the impact of people on the environment 2.23 The impacts of urbanisation 2.24 The impacts of urbanisation in the developed world 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102Human poP a a The relatio environment Learning outcomes ‘On completion ofthis section. you should be ableto: 1m describe the adaptations ‘of humans tothe physical cenvironment 1 understand the way inwhich the physical envionment an shape thaman acity a describe ecological stems ond processes. eee PE TaCM LAC tals ship between people ang the le and the environment peat eter ater i cag areal er a a ee eae wr ore SN Peopl! Human ins § Sha the ysl OD set survive in 0 Fein he case of extrem , fien more dependent directly on the environ, ; ich ehey are more rnc mena caer eof he monsoon men en your harvest one year means fewer seeds forthe yas See eae er rate han a nega pat oftheir existence ayy 8 acy ment where temperature and humdiy sey phn er than sing on natal recs an hc crm hui of machines nd ecnlopy which i tdoors so that one can exercise by running or cycling thr ee ae Ineatreme enviconmental conditions, human beings will adap behaviours in order to survive and maintain their livelihoods: ye" which they do this include: nin wearing protective clothing to protect themselves, for cxamp cold conditions and loose, flowing robes in hot areas °° 1 minimising outdoor activites at the hottest time ofthe day "growing crops that are best suited to the local climatic cond example growing rice rather than wheat in wet imac. construc fa poplin pair the ted Kingdon 201pye263 De cenoypitrniten Mek ppatonsy ' other demographic data t mortality rate and birth ates are other o pes enc a tes er S Pppulaton wend into the ture status and : Fey fen enh Dal Fry Ra hh de ese rash cfcilinn s won wouter, ova, | MRR scien ps wean oes Pea se igh then is ones a he ihigone lowe than oro sets ornate ge Higa ister tobe scen in decopngcountin sst ne, ‘homey, f) fblzotaerone couse where ates cf $9 (Bun or en bre an motte of Inthe Second coun epoca ic he fats are offen well elow two, leading to declining poplations, pig you know? seg, | fesume orm] and Seen pares Canis jy apenas the Crue Death Rate, which gesthe at they ope Cnn (eerm i esteteteet cep 100 of che popsntin eprr taps trot pater gow he Ms indator feed by ag ition, and tens shows yer 2028 novel counts, sth populcon ages for ample ‘et ory ate 11 1s so hagh in ons where brat bese Mebane ar tiintncand child moray rw dsetnd—Didyou now? TegutehighCoontes st var oreneagingncviconcts wil aw O10¥OUKOW? sls totaly ate sch Sa (17) The Caiheoneponin generals sarge at Cradle Bh Rats pe 100 ofthe population, fey rate aor the epaceert SS cane farther broken down by ape oup The bth rates rae, so reall he population ne ra pracor which determines overall population growth rte slong ren sinereaing Th ety ate Eg fesiy rate and age structre. For example: Niger [46.3], France maybe skewed bythe two cuties irs) wath sigatcart ihe ates ich = also have the highest birt rates: oe Bele ad Hat On overage the i death ates are ute ow ths n amis show the age and sexstructr ofa population contin wth the gee ow putin canbe easy seen ona population pram bith ates, suggests tha evel population growth inthe region ‘oraty and bith ates significantly impact population owt. Ft very highnges in demogra a a Popaton Oth ea ch ox yl cen 363,838 pen and ay Greonplaon ei ecton you FO Ca cuts nthe, Si rn comers | simdatastier: ch i pecncen ths and dean | Glaepopditongon Pion pth aia fates ep acs cemy ae ‘Eadie a 5 Blecelarignin as 1 alte bith andes ates dais +n mization x00 ante xl population ons ais peng son Sou ae ked example 1: ot — (2500-20001 409 3992076 ® ——<—— | © 0000 a | eS eo. eet ean an be Sena mt hemes 8 ye his represents natal increas ony eee i me BE oe Were engl on | ie ate 16100, death te 8/1000 ber Grates 6-870 08 | Sp a ve {Sige pmlaton pow atthe population size at gen tnecn J tus oot aaa saat tania Worked example: a a The populton of Barbados 200 8 25272200. Theratectgronthet | | ™8% raanctM02% Tepopiatonin 2008 weathering fey New Fepdaten pout. 0.21100 272200 4p ie [ Papeition 272200 + S44~-zra pee 3 } Percentage increase in Population neler tal chanys a mtn "taken into account is given by 7 M8 Degg. 3 =, 5 Mba | Fusion 1 ie D= Deaths a 1 Immigration ] © EmigrationModute2 Human popition an the env ee solic des yopubntae seats population change find the dteence between fhe percentags change asa function of the Sarg, rate al et wll eave he ergs mer of gi S omen aged 15-49 in any given yea mf Birthrate umber of biths ae ae eee Formule of women aged 15-19 “he crude bith rat ithe ruber ‘fables bem per 1000 othe opulaton. Thee ae als ge- ieee gos eee spain Tax Se a ge eee acran pc vrperfbinhs owonenina parila a OP, jgqy BREOS ee cee Theformuat alt bth ate sy is the average numberof children chat would Naber ofBHTH 999, ete fin oh ede caring she ese > Teil poplin hr clearing yeas conforming 0 the sgr-spesie mee seen Yo | mete avage numberof chien couple must. ecm csi poplton.es aard a0, ot ero ee eiaement te Would be higher of lve a jet mat pen the population are chet not se var having many chien, Did you know? Crue death rates the numberof ‘deaths per 1000 othe pepulation eryear. Number of deaths Total population 1000 Aen, pater tes cane alelated for entire population oby etn hg eon on ove population cng # major impact on population growth.Trends in human Learning outcomes. On conplctonf his section YOU pou able second the changes in opatan tang place verte fe ccoune forthe changes in population gromh overtime. Historical trends Trends in human population soll on usta ropltions hasbeen vey Iyer ce pas 30-10 jeary har taken ie a ifs shown i he able es “Tbilion ro) 1897 yea "aon Come “itn > Tae epee leer 71987 13 years ion nes | evens eee ‘via SS ‘more years to add another billion. "i Yad bac, Lag, i cS ats ss rn ces ia ste nh Fn hugs ren al fh (s hear sa Jeath as it Fomine Plaue, or Black Death ast was called, which eeBidyou know? a Went tte open 1348, he po F eden ingnd tly 20% re yrs “expectancy of 32-35 years saved nae and future trends ost women ate having fewer babies than their de to previously high levels of fret, many their reproductive aes. This means thi bith rats despite the overall alin ferity, and population exyece 0 decline until atleast 2028. Therefore, the rate éecines will have # major impact on a WZ bamtip os lady dcining. option mh gexec = er mbSaharin ives wher ly rteshiefalin evswiBstonynat than anywhere else. ‘approximately 20-25 minutes to en, Tipernny, Tints problem for deeopetas wells; “ures anewno ee es. In the Caribbean, with the population following peau ae ca Ba nage ciely populations se expel nesta ON relegation 2080 In 2000, ixcunis nthe ten SEEN Tone oe than 10 percent other polation over yeas tos and Ca are procetd fo hae 25 pr ent of ons over 60. Didyou know? Cnty one in 10 people lived in ies 1900, By 1984 thew had grow toonein vey t#0 growth was largely negligible forthe fist few thousand been added to the global population in increasingly shorter o fava population of verenemiion Population of 9 billion peoples projected by 2050. people Look efor more: is ely dependent on fertility rates, especially > Tmhl rt diy lg ete cae eee es m Learning outcomes (n completin of his ction yo shouldbe abet * Sinem pepo on cached 7 bling ee suet ee ce pain ace oa : era seni east 1 accouetoratere ats! iene e a SN meus gomr oer gm a = a Eon develope P Staats ee Se Links “he united Nations Pepin Fur outpaces source Mamoien ttt ee ‘Fre291 Wt pp progetto 2050, ce Utd pon Dion, Wr epURN rpc TD ‘rene Developing countries Latin America and the Caribbean ‘This gion has the smallest gwd oferty decines, ands seat very 22 cso tha of doe ot tractive use is very igh inthis region, bat igues ate also sme) ithrey ela can ofr and Me, To-do shad women use sme form of modern contraception, but in Ha my 25 percent use modern contraception. The regions total ety fry means population growth in the region. bu the pplatn wll sto approtmataly 730 mon by 2050 ware ee ‘The region is also the most urbanised, with 77 Faso igs ato Ein ban areas. Ta addon, heist inven psa 4a ROO of he population ‘Sconomically dependent age groups.poration of 4.3 iy forthe mon grow roe meaty,Peiiiston dotrieeonl developed)». nations s counties, polation sx0wth stowed Table 1: The demographic divide —————————————e Tanzania Spain Population 2012) 48 millon 4% milion Projected Population (2050) 138 million Births perWoman “48 millon [sa 4 = in alia 19 milion 483,000 cent of Population Below Age 1S 459g ir ion 5% 1% erento Population Ages 65+] 33g — 7% Percent of Population A + (2050) "of option Ages 65 (2050) (4% ~«(33% ith 32 ST years | 2 years accor SN bth rates and ing pope ag, teaming outcomes ce ep arse nto earache VY tl ey ay bs Srateset Me ert sereped waa ee C AR: goon paiton eth nth dele vod heen |= understand papiation gr eine Poa a in developing counties Europes 2 ecedaptcane iene rm 7 main 073 oy Ba, o eicnemeneroe poem Oa meni | dacs iene oeably France and Norw: Oo ———— se buen met se maton een a eee Po epi g Seapine oa counties hey hae fe eal eave help eNcourage lane fms So ernie ral hs hun ober evel coun ar a there and 1.97 in NOW. me ae ye have allen sharply in developed cours, a8 vom, oe ‘stems ice Sar tty seme area | | EGR pg do oa eered The Pptiton Reese | gaa SiiSimeaamatadenozarhic dit; whichconparsthesmatt | [2h SECs incapmamine Once ear may | Mega0l Didyoutoow? eer ritpc pbs mis ot teewrermee a | |S Déyoviw?_ puoi moat way conte whch oe [Mag Inanefiott nese he eimcpulaton decline s all but guaranteed. Life expectancy is gant ot Peparogonsree ego! Sah ending rn ag: 75, eating a Hasna eee Saeertge necator soe osha 1 comps 0 county, Tanzania and Spain, asaing be ode Stee ‘gery te aee oad See ide tye eat developing countries. 038can ale be male of develope couse cs which are come a hs rons rele cmiy Population os herve STOP a mine Module? ben poate an te ier Pepalation | Populationander popanion sor a Pe ‘ede the terms: life expectancy infant mortality, 4 marks _ezunt forthe diference in life expectancy in the two countries, 4 marks “Elin why letime births per woman i a valuable statistic for enone “4 marks 4 Dies the ensequences of dhe given population structure or frure roumic gowth in Tanzania and Spain. ‘marks _expcines Be a= ote Es Developed countries have declining or shrinking populations. "eshte gven to increase population rth ates Denlpedcountres have very low ert fete very Low fertility rates, often below replacement Syrars() ssyearsGo) WZ eamtip {Eventhough you must answer al ‘questions, read the entice question before attempting to answer it “Tis helps to keep your answer coherent so that you donot waste ‘ime. also helps to kee your asmer on track. The question may ask for diferent aspects of a esporsein multiple sections, reading the question trough il help you to organise your aswel itis given inthe appropriate sections,a ematn nares rand soc egies cae engin see ei ee cS tendten Sidyouknow? _— imc ‘Serna #2 cca nt ay anette ety ec isane sont rong ae ohare hog ots haben ponies rot armen tron ee Tecinvoengonte ied Stoneman earnest Sitho msec ete Sect ane th has ‘rosters culture reese oe yi, Cals mmo nas Achar ee mone auch cultural a5p0 aes OY © ae = © S Sees mecmmmarenmtssees.. () ©) peaeerioumetaceeasi Figure Congres ttm ys. relative poverty Sma fined in ether elaieor absolute erm, bso teen tthe amount of money that peor SO Links datawesldbankor/county swwovoecd org a | sovetyocuts when people cannot obtain adequate resus enemas ri) appar amin et cheat, ore exts when people do nat ejoy minum evel of vn a determined by a government.Learning outcomes Sheowieton fs section jou shouldbe shea. "© scuss the Human Development ‘nex (HDI andthe Gene ‘lated Development des CI) Gleslate the COP, GNP and HOH of ccunty,ee evelopment Index (HDI) aris pee eo Creer Hepat ae ns te ee ae Didyousnow? ‘TeHOLatsarininam nds aloes, athe shows He {ache anes nveton eveneten eee ‘hes prnpoe sped le Noo beeen and -related Development Index (GD!) 0 Links messaes achievement inthe samebsic capabilites ashe jar yahtintrmationonthis Sn gate of equality in achievement beween women ere cn ete hee Iarundp ogee (fl Examtip Know he top 10 courte with the tighest HD ond provide deta of ‘win they have such high ann, SSS sever indices. sents useful o compare consuption pate of locally or with other countries.Population growth and its enyj impact ote een on population growth and poverty ge ea {eaming outcomes Crane perth nl ei Saree etna oh en pea Pe eee Srouldbeadet so ue a delice See ate, ce de pinay 6 heck aaa Iie * batysmte tiny Saami, de pinay ol cgay fae povery, rton ow ond segs a ecg nae ny an Pn Poverty paracteristies of poverty, such a8 high injane ROM Cut |e < esabeeenioorensl Sion woen, a nen tai a we ‘impacts of population growth. Fat, feriity ~ perpetuating the cycle of poverty, me fete s Environmental impacts of population om, oes 4 Caribbean ihe on oe Deforestation in Hati "at deresaton st a rmptam afore thn human ering Hat a ampal ya e say peopl veo entra resoures in ined sn ‘The may cause ton in Hat was tena Seis ey ees lac ca cent of Hat's popalation has acces co eletciy Ue Hr ma crime sd cs ace camning| sel charcoal bythe roadside, The lsh green mountains fash been replaced by arcas completely devoid of ae and advancad soil crosion on lad that continues to sepon epy ‘population. Today 98 pe cent ofthe tres on Haitian sl he, ‘ankng it among the five worst environmental disasters of hemes used on anarteein The ergainthe Caribbean Sea *2 Mev eton ec caret. te Nal ot rt ay pe cal Thc tens eb ae 2 Be ae tie macs naa oe Cen inn alli moponse wan ia ene i py : Sf ching mara me ants tae" DYOUIroW? le angi fs ck we ta = ta, The shortags of seafood an sats TESCaBbai the a ero ince stone comae Ge. Synthetics ae Sere doadauon. sitet oithe Soren ce : omer aoe deterioration in Jamaica a Renn sana ar ceri ss anna enn Taha schsa teeter denen al a Wa sp es evs Sen iy ie gufer Pakcten Ve ae a sl and marine coosystems, limit ie eens ee cee eee os cna seers pa eo See re eee eee ee ae a onan change in the Caribbean 5, ser fvel ris and increased ine ineoity oe ‘threaten lives, property and livelihoods througbout the Cyn u “As ocean levels rise, these low-lying islands will ‘The principal causes of Eek sobmergence. As temperatures ie and storms bese envonetl eostion ae or etc environment decorates, negaelyiapscing. (wold developing cats he sth sette camer of many Canbheancconoaics AB aus pplaton pow tin Oe sl occur regaress ofthe face tha Caibean he developed reponse i rad ie to the reas f the aeenouse ase tht Gyr cersupton ees. change. ——_—— ton numbers affect more than just the environment, but the sent captures attention because ofits ol in proving te key nts for sustaining human life, populations the key when addressing issues because people and demand resources: and, wate, ar, fod.Learning outcomes On completion ofthis set beableta, esrb cure eogephict Variation in human cngumgtin pattems compare consumption ates inthe Caribbean lan the mpactet ey ‘on consumption pate the developing and deolged| coun. Didyou know? 1 Oneabicmeteotnoteris cgutolnt 02547 glen 2. Peccaptawaer consumption 'Satindeator eveen conse And supply athe reed to implement nates rrangarert 3 Hyclogets pay sess scarey by ok at he epaton-sate eaten An fs opetening wate ess, henson water trop blew 170 pet pers. arbbean ‘Consumption patterns in ca le ‘Usbansation edhe mor ST, pater of consumpion aq consumption of resousers TT ys cere is &sttong pone ‘ana betes ed away ram the ta na st ee aaa riety of meat products, dairy jh Seo an esto cn ‘ape and sry foes yee aa ee ces ine a a reap Se eee they are placed on a water schedule fn anne SE ne nese to cantol wate tf an ack of routine maintenance. The deem spon varzs within the Caribbean. tn Jamaica ici 35.8 Se ee eae epee acetieae Food on ue of teas the ste Dee th Teta aor ln accing the United Nations fist lectin Doclpent Galef erating hangs though "The Grow Mc Fond Chnpsp aimed ances fod production The campo, ils rth plementation of USS219 milion Agculunt Po iysatonPrgamme, the implementation of « USS6 millon te Ente and Astral Development Programe, and nese Snvtncat in eine and irgation by etoringdrinast ene atendonlby fame and rating armers to menage the ah ane tabla stu, i Rmrematweursuplesdep Cantheen comnts we crenty belo 1000; inl and demogaph fs incon anes el Yate cen dese dts bed ‘nina pred added supe Pchsng 453 erent of al rm fs fod Moe enn ss Soren Inthe area 8 The largest coyee ha ef at ps a Pt nae tn demand by che marae 2d ie ceca a owners, Tina fee cf 01 8 ta suet ong — Rite n asc Et fey ates Bees iin int cea Tansee oso Hee BE 0, (Upesonyear aeesss | reso) tele (aller) 138 ri = vam a lesa trezo=) 8%) oth Commission on Sustainable Developm [CSD] {Coakreace on Building Partnerships or Noving towards Se ld wate generation vr from 0 kyperonlsy to ay Canbean counres. Steady increases in population oa, changing consumption poterns wade 3h mall account fo he changes in waste composiion and in waste production. 7 Waste geverated _ the persen/dy) 145 7 isi 05 of sources is increasing ancually 0 consumption is lsely inked tothe natural availabilty of that the country, ‘Soften not potable, leading to growing reliance on bulk botled Cosampion, evn pepo ante coment nee? 01 cis geese ate ‘vc P67 ln cere Didyouknow? “endo and Tobago gers the most waste eres per dy, ue Pimarly tots dese canny whereas counties te Badan ‘Stluiahave undertaken messes toredee waste gration and waste depot WO beamtip Itisienprtant to know hy theres ‘adspanty in consumption gates Indeeoped versus dewoping cureshe dre Popa Foe cm ajay the World Comma enh 1Se7, also known sche nh deter oerecena ihe ecare ae » Secon eine eam rane arath © Sibtcosor easy qui ae ae ee ‘ tiable develope 1 Commit qui an ies te © eotintire ere m nt ron = ae on 1 the limitations imposed by the state oy Sstaiable development ee erate {ritonment's bily to meng —————— lag stionary principle states ice faces r eerie damage ee sera shal not be sd 8 eto for sg, measures to prevent envisonmenta degradation (ie yes Emit sd Bape tacc oa aac oceenas ls be ocean - Spm tpl com doen ea Goals of sustainable development of i ns Ros 20 Conseco cer in 0 the pene by ma filet chon Scale Dosti iris in mak ee ot tes natn Wr a Montel spl br sisi enone ‘Goals and indicators of sustainable development | 1 Poorest Fits Share of National Consumption 2 Chad Malnutiton: Prevalence of Underweight Under Ss Environmental Sustainability Enviroment and Natura | RanleofTage fom the Johannesburg Plan ofmplenenta be Povey Reduction n Population ving on ess than Sy Pertay jz Lt an Sanitation: People with Accesso Safe Water an Boz | Sanitation re 13 nergy ‘Access to Ervroneentally Sound Energy Sup | 4 Heath: ohancementot Heath education 5 Sustainable development of smal island developing states rtf Community-based intatves on estas Tt.Batol = aly tate 2 Under Moray Rat. a cis Peeters ‘Materal Moral Ra. its ctnde by Stile Heth some Contocepve Prevalence fate HIV Prevalence n15 0 24 esr Ol Pregnant Women SO Links Ssstanbledevlgmen ang, sunrinescanor is ate he estes inpaton goal oarneat ras 20 pet can fhe wor’ peopl ving the Sac reaponsible or 86 er ent of total pete ew consumers worwide nae to realise and eds ce ofthe levis of consumption,Se completion of ssa ‘ould be abiega: tn y08 acount for changes Corsurotionpatens nt te consti tons ‘sarabledentopmen olin the suateicinpetie for satainbi drop ——eee anges in consumption patterns Chang ws undermining the eg Tee curet Ste irae eieancra oes omic oe i el ego lowecanerge a tae in Latin Amevica and the (eu te mere US ete ft, end ee ieee ge kept Fpnain sf anunal org Although one een! conga Etpace cath aoa ranean Utbenisaton : Lanse nd pation may nha a8 0 20 tg Ines smc ofchangng posta preducsion pte ‘eg Tc shen dy iowa th wool ow we consume dives how we npc ad prod palm na wate te Individual preferences and beliefs (ur physsiagea needs provide the Basi determinants of od cy but isan individual palace that determines whats conser eo "habs ropurtonl the pleasure semen een eg ‘ating parca oo, Cultural traditions Income/commodity pricing nds te inaRt of food choice. Whether mince pl. eons income ad Ps have a greater tenden: steater tendency to i acc238 to more {0 better quality de money does not increases UY dit by mt the range of foods fromt SAY Jon numbers i * Ve ero eas C coe Sega ES cour. Stxaiabledevdlonenen ee eee ney abel ee reine: : pe jgroiect women in society Meter perl cs wn ad og esc il nach nn ee ey rosenet Galerie snl Soca Sera igen al mes ft coon Aone = nun arog ofetpe amily chang he ecticees rok poses ure ese Tr cl extol fal bndh ih domes and ont re peli pester beveen odes in Be eee ate tn nance ween, sobasicamenities Ss deoping countries ar growing much faster han this apy fades drags of housing and Water, adequate sanitation Slices, A going proporon of cityveles Ive tn yt, afte ctesoratin sky, gen chit Be eth wl ke place in these urban cents ad tis wl ie presucon the casting resources and services, bam 1 Consumptie we of resauces ’ sat ‘auld have a negative mpc isha be plane process thats manage © nthe entre the : eee noranumgtve can PTtuctaedoocsarcav ovine owsant ce Dealt mpi allatethe demands on the cpt. The neve fevienerent snd te ero 8 fe earral ecerfork scuy, self suleny ond ance ert est can alo seve © atiact whan delle o more 1 Know the concept of Demené names, 2 well as encouraging Furl inhabitants to invest. See listetannmescre: wcrc ed rc urge development in these unpopular and abandoned areas. panto a endfor resources wl continue to increase as population growth en popu 'Bonth and economic vabity determine the rate of resource tater ard depletion, Samption and the growth of a materialistic society continues to : 4 Ee orcsinanusesalnblemarne 9sLeaming outcomes ncamplonat tie con, Soles ‘a 1 ein the pnepaiwasia ‘hich pcp roc ees cnttecnooet caine te kia ‘mpm vrcoon ‘Tre vorcus got pete Fa ofc pans ope een Teale pr atest nee! retin ong poked many MY Sug ater sci reg 2 err of bina sete (tee ponent 0 Zeperceri 21 whee roraplnyonine psy Someareainecentyeussarest iter antag seni dd people on the i) resources on ee cin eames S ining reas Td bem en Sees Soe ome fener oe hep wr obese th reer almont 80 FCO atte of cola, The sacl cn eres jo sil soe mt "aepleteds OF at hig: iat ae cel Sa ny 0 a vo Bing Noenec and the establishment eotan ts Ot a raat Section Se eagle SEE Oc yea nono soi anna Dwg neh ihm "an less popular species | Sskrmen ft 0 Feo Hon. isl ali Mra Be Smile Deepen, "The Batt alae i oeahing nour 68 shal Habitat destruction Scientists ages that species extinction i a direct result of habia Soe ae : Seen Hemonere oats es icra eee sete Soe However, the underlying cause for land shortages isthe ef, Hoong, los of plant and ania ey. sf and animal species an loss of sail ey § aly wowing industry in America is that of sel storage, Thoseove uly I MU PEt. Jama resus with 77 perce wc fr ae 248! eet tae i oe 2 cet eee Mat ged water systems of waste upon ee See sn shied ui ce eee ae Atlee ete oe cre aaa eee ie ya. ends (aly ts spore sate pc cetane acces Se rece Sec ee ra of exotic species sone ofthe wor’ biodiversity hotspots. Howeve, Bi cesar eaten by lave clic sco a couniies, which continue wo be brow ina a nei by ade, anspor, vel and tou the Nour's), iret 52 alien spies idetifed inthe Caribben ron hing cause of resource over-consumption and depletions the eb of people demanding the sme ese corsa key fcorsin the mise fae bit a jf nis manifested economically inthe chon purchasing nse ae een ere at, (*'8n or the environmental consequences of man he Didyou know? On tenfeag tte Cmeemesa Seca frowthrateof 128? passin ‘A country A, with population of 100,00, sh county B, with apopuaton of tien county C witha population at lon ° «country D, with population bles Essay Questions 11 Theflowing table hows the ong tnt «capita GNP fer thee counties Doubling Time and Per Capita GNP Country Doubling re Time yeas) Haas ae emaica [0 sand Nevis | 69hater BH CLUCNP doting mas gn at pesertain the aie therltcnship been ia plain fowth snd pe apts ee Bmars) [sia rg psn pn B mis) (mars 2 poroprate ery ate thet Cattbean couse shuld yt see. i Tim yur ec oferty ate ni) sto, pis [6marks} identiied in) above asserts B mats} “otal 20 marks eoraton * Dice lsontig morgen ‘Sate THREE socal pees pati (rs) PPesoneoteat Foun 4 Drs Ont ingat frees Thootoning table prostate water snsumpin pecan eel sve ‘evloping courts Water consurotion per capita ‘Group of countries Water consumption per apt © Calelate the percentage difernce nthe pr ‘pita wats consumption betwen doves nd developing counties Temas] ' Descibe ONE envionment ndONE st Impact asocoted wth hgh pr cats water consuptin Temata} © Account forthe ference i per capitaoter Consumption between developed and developing, Ceunses [6 mars] 4 1 Define sustainable development [2 mark 1 Describe how achieving sustainable evelopment can be hindered by the verconsamption of water resources Ua mars) Total 20marts