Adicione formule

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 tg x ctg x = 1 sin (x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

tg x tg y ctg x ctg y 1
tg (x y) = cos (x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y ctg (x y) =
1 tg x tg y ctg y ctg x
x x x x 2 tg 2x
sin x = 2 sin cos cos x = cos2 sin2 tg x =
2 2 2 2 1 tg2 x
2
ctg2 2x 1 1 cos (2x) 1 + cos (2x)
ctg x = sin2 x = cos2 x =
2 ctg 2x 2 2
1 cos (2x) 1 + cos (2x) x+y xy
tg2 x = ctg2 x = sin x + sin y = 2 sin cos
1 + cos (2x) 1 cos (2x) 2 2
x+y xy x+y xy x+y xy
sin x sin y = 2 cos sin cos x + cos y = 2 cos cos cos x cos y = 2 sin sin
2 2 2 2 2 2

Nizovi i limesi nizova

Aritmeticki i geometrijski niz

Za aritmeticki niz an = a1 + (n 1)d, n N vai Za geometrijski
niz bn = b1 qn1 , n N vai
n
n n(n 1) b1 1qn , q = 1
ak = 2 (a1 + an ) = na1 + 2 d. n
bn = 1q
k=1
k=1 nb1 , q=1

b1 1 , |q| 1
bn = 1q

k=1 divergira , |q| 1

Tablica limesa nizova

0 , |q| < 1






0 , >0
0 , <0




1 , q=1 1
n
lim q = . lim = 1 , =1 . lim n = 1 , =1 .
n
n n
n


, q>1







, <0 , >0


divergira , q 1

lim nb qn = 0; |q| < 1, b R. lim n
a = 1; a > 0. lim n
n = 1.
n n n
( )
n an 1 n
lim = 0; R. lim = 0; a R. lim 1 + = e.
n n! n n! n n
( )an
1
lim an = lim 1+ = e.
n n an

Tablica limesa funkcija

0 , n<m

( )x
pn xn + pn1 xn1 + . . . + p1 x + p0 1 1
lim = pn 1+ = e. lim (1 + x) x = e.
x qm xm + qm1 xm1 + . . . + q1 x + q0 , n=m . lim


qn x x x0



, n>m





0 , <0
0 , >0



1 sin x
lim x = 1 , =0 lim = 1 , =0 . lim = 1.
x
x x
x0 x






, >0 , <0
ex 1 ln (1 + x) (1 + x) 1
lim = 1. lim = 1. lim = ; R.
x0 x x0 x x0 x
Tablica izvoda funkcija

f (x) = 7 f (x) = 0, R. f (x) = x 7 f (x) = x1 , R. f (x) = ex 7 f (x) = ex .

1 1
f (x) = ax 7 f (x) = ln a ax , a > 0. f (x) = ln x 7 f (x) = . f (x) = loga x 7 f (x) = , a > 0.
x ln a x
1
f (x) = sin x 7 f (x) = cos x. f (x) = cos x 7 f (x) = sin x. f (x) = tg x
7 f (x) = .
cos2 x
1 1
f (x) = cos x 7 f (x) = sin x. f (x) = arcsin x 7 f (x) = . f (x) = arccos x 7 f (x) = .
1 x2 1 x2
1 1
f (x) = arctg x 7 f (x) = . f (x) = arcctg x 7 f (x) = .
1 + x2 1 + x2

Tablica razvoja funkcija u Maklorenov red

xn x2n+1 x2n
ex = , x R. sin x = (1)n (2n + 1)! , x R. cos x = (1)n (2n)! , x R.
n=0 n! n=0 n=0

xn n
x m (m)
ln (1 + x) = (1)n1 , x (1, 1]. ln (1 x) = , x [1, 1). (1 + x)m = xn , x R, m N.
n=1 n n=1 n n=0 n
( )
m n 1
(1 + x)m = x , x (1, 1), m N. = xn , x (1, 1).
n=1 n 1 x n=0
(m) ( m ) m(m 1)(m 2) . . . (m n + 1)
gde je za m N i n N, = 1, =
0 n n!

Tablica integrala

0 dx = c. dx = x + c.

x+1 1
x dx = + c, R \ {1}. dx = ln |x| + c.
+1 x

ax
ex dx = ex + c. ax dx = + c, a > 0, a = 1.
ln a

sin xdx = cos x + c. cos xdx = sin x + c.

tg xdx = ln |cos x| + c. ctg xdx = ln |sin x| + c.

1 1
dx = tg x + c. dx = ctg x + c.
cos2 x sin2 x

sh xdx = ch x + c. ch xdx = sh x + c.

th xdx = ln |ch x| + c. cth xdx = ln |sh x| + c.

1 1
dx = th x + c. dx = cth x + c.
ch2 x sh2 x
 
1 1 x 1 1  a + x  1 x
dx = arctg + c, a = 0. dx = ln + c = arcth + c, a = 0.
a2 + x2 a a a2 x2 2a  a x  a a
   
1   x 1   x
dx = ln x + x2 + a2  + c = arsh , a = 0. dx = ln x + x2 a2  + c = arch , a = 0.
x2 + a2 a x 2 a2 a

1 x
dx = arcsin + c, a = 0.
a2 x2 a