HINTS, Chapter 1

CLUES, AND 1.1 Vector algebra 1

Ans. (a) 7i -2j + 9k;
(c) 21
ANSWERS TO 1.2 Vector algebra 2
SELECTED Ans. (b) 101; (c) 2704
1.3 Cosine and sine by vector algebra
PROBLEMS Hint: cos = A B/AB, sin = |A B|/AB.
1.7 Law of sines
Hint: Consider the area of a triangle formed by A, B, C, where
A + B + C = 0.
1.9 Perpendicular unit vector
Ans. n = (2i j + k)/
6
1.10 Perpendicular unit vectors
Hint: (a) The direction of a surface defined by two vectors is par-
allel to their cross product.
1.15 Great circle
Clue: If 1 = 0, 1 = 0, 2 = 45 , 2 = 45 , then = arccos(0.5)
and S = (/3)R.
1.18 Elevator and falling marble
Clue: If T 1 = T 2 = 4 s, then h = 39.2 m.
1.19 Relative velocity
Ans. (a) vB = vA dR/dt
520 HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS

1.21 Particle with constant

radial velocity
Ans. (a) v = 52 m/s
1.23 Smooth elevator ride
Clue: (d) If am = 1.0 m/s2 and T = 10.0 s, then D = 50.0 m.
1.26 Range on a hill
Hint: The rock hits the ground at the intersection of two curves.
Clue: If = 60 , then = 15 .
1.27 Peaked roof 
Ans. v = 5/2 gh

Chapter 2
2.1 Time-dependent force
Clue: (c) If t = 1 s, then r v = 6.7 103 k m2 /s.
2.2 Two blocks and string
Clue: If M1 = M2 , then x = gt2 /4.
2.5 Concrete mixer
Clue: If R = 2 ft, then max = 4 rad/s 38 revolutions/minute.
2.8 Two masses and two pulleys
Clue: If M1 = M2 , then x = g/5.
2.11 Mass on wedge
Clue: If A = 3g, then y = g.
2.12 Painter on scaold
Clue: If M = m and F = Mg, then a = g.
2.13 Pedagogical machine
Clue: For equal masses, F = 3Mg.
2.14 Pedagogical machine 2
Ans. a1 = M2 M3 g/(M1 M2 + M1 M3 + 2M2 M3 + M3 2 )
2.16 Planck units
Hint: Write dimension equations of the form [L p ] = [c]a [h]b [G]c .
Replace each factor with its independent dimensions M, L, and T,
and solve the three algebraic equations for a, b, c.
Ans. (a) L p = 4.1 1035 m
(b) M p = 5.4 108 kg
(c) T p = 1.3 1043 s

Chapter 3
3.2 Sliding blocks with friction
Clue: If F = 30 N, MA = 5 kg, MB = 6 kg, then F  = 25 N.
3.4 Synchronous orbit
Ans. 6.6Re
HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS 521

3.5 Mass and axle

Clue: If l2 = 2g, then T up = 2mg.
3.8 Block and wedge
Ans. (a) tan =
Clue: (b ) If = /4, then amin = g(1 )/(1 + ).
Clue: (c) If = /4, then amax = g(1 + )/(1 ).
3.10 Rope and trees
Clue: If = /4, T end = W/ 2, T middle = W/2.
3.11 Spinning loop
Ans. T = M2 l/(2)2
3.17 Turning car
Clue: If = 1 and = /4, all speeds are possible.
3.19 Mass and springs
Clue: If k1 = k2 = k, then a = k/2m, b = 2k/m.
3.22 Mass, string, and ring
Clue: (a) If Vt = r0 /2, then = 40 .
3.23 Mass and ring
Ans. (a) v0 /[1 + (v0 t/l)]
3.24 Retarding force
Ans. v(t) = (1/) ln [1/(bt/m + ev0 )]

Chapter 4
4.1 Center of mass of a non-uniform rod
Ans. (a) M = 2Al/
(b) X = l(1 2/)
4.11 Freight car and hopper
Hint: There is a way to do this problem in one or two lines.
Clue: If M = 500 kg, b = 20 kg/s, F = 100 N, then v(10s) =
1.4 m/s.
4.16 Rope on table 
Ans. (a) x = Aet + Bet , where = g/l
4.20 Reflected particle stream
Hint: The answer is not (mv2 + mv2 ).
4.23 Suspended garbage can
 M 2
Clue: If 2Kg = v20 /2g, h = v20 /4g.

Chapter 5
5.1 Loop-the-loop
Ans. z = 3R
522 HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS

5.3 Ballistic pendulum 

Ans. (b) v = [(m + M)/m] 2gl(1 cos )
5.4 Sliding on a circular path
Clue: If m = M, then v = gR.
5.6 Block sliding on a sphere
Ans. R/3
5.7 Beads on hanging ring
Clue: If M = 0, then = arccos (2/3).
5.8 Damped oscillation
Ans. (b) n = 4kf (xi x0 )
5.10 Falling chain
Clue: The maximum reading is 3Mg.
5.12 Lennard-Jones potential
Hint: A power series expansion is useful. See Note 1.2.
5.16 Snowmobile and hill
Ans. 45 mi/hr
5.17 Leaper
Clue: > 1 hp, < 10 hp.

Chapter 6
6.4 Bouncing ball
Clue: If v0 = 5 m/s, e = 0.5, then T 1 s.
6.13 Nuclear reaction of -rays with lithium
Ans. (a) neutron energy = 0.15 MeV
6.14 Superball bouncing between walls
Ans. (a) F = mv20 /l
Hint: (b) Find the average rate at which the balls speed increases
as the surface moves.
Ans. (b) F = (mv20 l2 )/x3
6.16 Converting between C and L systems
Ans. (a) v f = [v0 /(m + M)] m2 + M 2 + 2mM cos
Clue: (b) If m = M, then (K0 K f )/K0 = (1 cos )/2.

Chapter 7
7.2 Drum and sand
Clue: If t = MB , b = 2a, then B = A (0)/8.
7.3 Ring and bug
Clue: If m = M, then = v/3R.
HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS 523

7.8 Moment of inertia of a sphere

Ans. I0 = (2/5)MR2
7.10 Cylinder in groove
Clue: If = 0.5, R = 0.1 m, W = 100 N, then = 5.7N m.
7.11 Wheel and shaft
Clue: If F = 10 N, L = 5 m, = 0.5 rad/s, then I0 = 400 kg m2 .
7.14 Stick on table
Ans. (c) 3g/4
Ans. (d) Mg/4
7.21 Rolling cylinder
Ans. = arctan(3)
7.23 Disk, mass, and tape
Clue: (a) If A = 2a, then = 3a/R.
7.25 Rolling marble
Clue: If v0 = 3 m/s, = 30 , then l 1.3 m.
7.31 Sliding and rolling cylinder
Clue: If = 3 rad/s, then f = 1 rad/s.
7.34 Marble in dish

Ans. = 5g/7R
7.36 Two twirling masses
Clue: If mA = mB = 2 kg, 0 = 3 m/s, l = 0.5 m, then T = 18 N.
7.37 Plank and ball
Clue: If m = M, then (a) v f = 3v0 /5 and (b) v f = v0 /2.
7.38 Collision on atable
Ans. = (4 2/7)(v0 /l)
7.39 Child on ice with plank
Ans. (b) 2l/3 from the child
7.41 Leaning plank
Hint: Focus on the center of mass and make use of the energy
equation.

Chapter 8
8.4 Grain mill
Clue: If 2 b = 2g, then the force is twice the weight.
8.6 Rolling coin
Ans. tan = 3v2 /2Rg
8.12 Eulers disk 
g
Ans. (a) p = 2 R sin
524 HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS

Chapter 9
9.9 Train on tracks
Ans. (a) approximately 300 lbs
9.10 Apparent gravity
 versus latitude
Ans. g = g0 1 (2x x2 ) cos2 , where x = Re e 2 /g0

Chapter 10
10.2 r3 central force
Ans. (c) r0 2.8 cm
10.8 Projectile rise
Clue: If = 60 , then rmax = 3Re /2.
10.10 Satellite with air friction
Ans. (c) K = +2 r f Note that friction causes the satellite to
increase its speed.
10.14 Speed of S2 around Sgr A*
Ans. 7600 km/s

Chapter 11
11.8 Scale spring constant
Ans. (a) 980 N/m
Ans. (b) = 20 = 2 k/(M + m) = 18 s1
11.9 Velocity and driving force in phase
Hint: The necessary condition is sin(t + ) = cos t where
is the driving frequency.
11.12 Cuckoo clock
Ans. Q 68, and the clock runs for 6 hours on a 1 J battery
11.13 Two masses and
three springs
Ans. (c) = k/M

Chapter 12
12.1 Maxwells proposal
Hint: Use law of cosines.
12.10 Relative speed
Ans. 0.99995c
12.12 Headlight eect
Ans. (a) cos = (cos 0 + v/c)/(1 + v/c cos 0 )
Ans. (b) v = (1 5 107 )c
HINTS, CLUES, AND ANSWERS 525

12.14 Moving glass slab

Clue: If v = 0, then T = [L + (n 1)D]/c. If v = c, then T = L/c.
12.15 Doppler shift of a hydrogen spectral line
Ans. (a) 662.7 109 m
Ans. (b) 25 days
12.16 Pole-vaulter paradox
Hint: Consider events at the ends of the pole from the point of
view of each observer.
12.18 The consequences
 of endless acceleration
dx x
Hint: =
(1 x )
2 3/2
1 x2

Chapter 13
13.4 Particles approaching head-on
Clue: If v2 /c2 = 1/2, then E = 3m0 c2 .
13.5 Speed of a composite particle after an inelastic
 collision
Ans. v f = vm/(m + M), where = 1/ 1 v2 /c2
13.6 Rest mass of a composite particle
Clue: If x = 7, then m = 4m0 .
13.7 Zero momentum frame
Clue: If v2 /c2 = 3/4, then the speed is 2v/3.
13.8 Photonparticle scattering
Ans. cot = (1 + E0 /m0 c2 ) tan /2
13.9 Photonelectron collision
 E = E0 (1 + v/c)/(1 + E0 /Ei ), where Ei
Ans. (a) =
m0 c2 / 1 v2 /c2
Ans. (b) || 0.019A

Chapter 14
14.1 Pi meson decay
Ans. (b) 42
14.2 Threshold for pi meson production
Ans. 145 MeV
14.5 Threshold for nuclear reaction
Clue: If M1 = M2 = Q/c2 , then K1 = 5Q/2.
14.7 Four-acceleration
Ans. A = 4 a(1, 0, 0, u x /c), where a = du x /dt