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380nm :

UV C 100nm 280nm
UV B 280nm 315nm
UV A 315nm 380nm

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:
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IR-B 1,4m 3m ()
IR-C 3m 1mm ()

6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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12
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14
2.2

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hc
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nm

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15
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Pp (2.6)
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( transversal) () [4].
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:

Ep K (2.7)

Bolzmann Debye.

,
h/a ( a ),
.
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16
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5 :
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2.3

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17
 ,
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. 2.1

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2.1 -
.

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h.f>Eg, .
, h.f<Eg h.f>Eg.
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().

,
.

, :

e2 h
N v ( Ea ) N c ( Ee ) f ( Ea ) f ( Ee M dE
2
(2.10)
o mo 2 c n * E g

18
 , c ,

, f Fermi f 1 exp ( E E f ) / KT
1

a ( ) Ee ( ) M

2.3.1

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EG,.

m*, :
p2
E kin *
(2.11)
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()
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p = h.k. ,
:

19
 k 2 h2
E kin (2.12)
2m *
2.2 ,
. (2.12) .
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m*

2.2.
-
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h3 2

(2.11), :

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1/ 2

dp 2m *
1/ 2 1
2
E 1 / 2 dE (2.14)

. (2.13) :

20
 N ( E ) dE
2m
* 3/ 2
dE (2.15)
2 2 h 3 E

2.1,
e>Eg
Ea.
:

h f Ee E a (2.16)

. 2.11, Ee Eg
:

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Ee E g *
Ea *
(2.17)
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Eg, :
h2k 2 1
h f Eg (2.18)
2 mr
mr
mn m p
* *

mr (2.19)
mn m p
* *

. 2.14 2.17
:

N (hf )
( 2m r ) 3 / 2
hf E g 1/ 2 (2.20)
2 h
2 3

21
 ,
(f(Ea)=1)
(f(Ee)=0),
. (2.10)
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2 mo E g
M *

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*

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d (2.22)

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:
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cm-1.eV-1/2
-
III-V .

22
 2.3
GaAs (2.23),
.

2.3
GaAs 300

hf<Eg,
-,
( - Coulomb),
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(.. Ge, Si, GaP, ..)

k
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23
 , ,
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()

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.
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1
WEp (2.25)
1 exp( E p / kT )

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1
W Ap (2.26)
exp( E p / KT ) 1

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,
(. . 2.15) :

hf1, 2 Ee Ea E p (2.27)

. (2.19)
a, :

24
 *
( 2m p ) 3 / 2
N ( Ea ) hf Ee E p (2.28)
2 2 h 3
Ee :

*
( 2m n ) 3 / 2
N ( Ee ) (hf1, 2 E a E p E g )1 / 2 (2.28a)
2 h
2 3

,
hf-Ep hf+Ep. ,
.

hf>Eg+Ep , .
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. , hf Eg - Ep
. ,

:

(hf E g E p ) 2 (hf E g E p ) 2
i Ai hf E g E p
exp( E p / KT ) 1 1 exp( E p / KT )

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Ai E g E p hf E g E p
exp( E p / KT ) 1

i { (2.29)

0 hf E g E p

I ,
-
(d ). , ai ,
ad, (

25
). ai
, ad.

2.5 GaP,
. (2.29), [9].

2.5
GaP, 300, .

a
10
.

( ) (
) ,
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E=Eg ( ).

2.3.3. - .

.
. 2.6
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()
.

26
 2.6.

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a * a r (2.31)
m*

a = 0,053 nm, . ,
:
m*
E I 13,6 (2.32)
r 2 mo n 2

27
 n . ()
10 100 meV.

( ) , (),
, :

I D ( N D n) (2.33)

I A ( N A p) (2.34)

mo EI 8 / 3
8.3 10 13 cm 2 ( ) (2.35)
m EI r
*
hf

I
.

28
 0

3. (
)

3.1

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pn ().
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:

29
1.

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2.


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3.1.
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30
 ,
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3.2.

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(. . 3.2) (
) .

3.2.
(n=5.1013cm-3) InSb 4,2K [7]

R
, n
p.

R Bn p (3.1)

31
 B ,
(R=Ro) :
Ro
B 2
(3.2)
ni

,
n p no po
n p, :

p p0 p n no n ' (3.3)

n=p.
:

R Ro B(no n' )( po n' ) no po (3.4)

(n, p<<no, po) r,

:

n' no p o 1
r (3.5)
R Ro (no po ) Ro B(no po )

Van Roosbroeck Schockley [17] Ro :

8 n *2 (hf ) 2
R0 3 2 hf / kT (hf ) d (hf ) (3.6)
0 h c (e 1)

.

(. . 3.3).

32
 .
, .
hf>kT Ro (3.6) (2.21)

3.3. -
) ) .

4(KT ) 3 / 2 n * (hf ) 2 hf / KT
2

Rod d e (3.7)
c 2 h3

(Roi):

Roi Ai
8n * ( KT ) 3 / 2
2 3
c h (e
E p / KT
1)
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(1 e
E p / KT
) (3.8)

, ,
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, Eg, p, .

(--
)
. ,
3.1.

33
 3.1. , ,
, 300 [9].

Si Ge GaP GaAs InP InSb

10-15 5.10-14 5.10-14 7.10-10 10-9 5.10-11cm3.s-1

3.1

.

,
.

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3.3 -

ED () ()
meV meV. ,
,
.
:

hf E g E A , hf E g E D (3.9)

. 3.4
. <1018cm-3
GaAs D 10 meV
20 meV.

34
 3.4.
p- n-
GaAs 300,
.

3.5
.
,

.
band tailing [10]. Fermi
n p-

.

3.5.
)
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g,
:

E g 1.2 10 5 p1 / 6 (3.10)

g eV p cm-3

35

.
,
.
p-
Ro~po. :

2 2
ni n 1
r i 2 (3.11)
( po no ) Ro po Ro po

po NV ( N A p0 )e E A / KT . . (3.11)
2

r
( p).
,
, - .
3.2 GaAs

3.2. GaAs,
-
- [5]

300 77 300 77
no po 4,8.1017 4,2.1015 1,1.1017 5,6. 1013 cm-3
(ND-no) (NA-po) 5,3.1017 2,7.1016 1,2.1017 6,6.1013 cm-3

3.4 -

-
,

36
 , .

(Coulomb), ,
(
).

, ( . 3.6),
:

e2
hf E g ( E A E D ) (3.12)
4r

r , . 3.6.

3.6.
.

r ,
,
( . 3.7.). r
.

, W(r ) , , :

W (r ) ~ exp( r / ro ) (3.13)

,
.

37
 , r
.

3.7. ,
Si Te GaP.

GaP,

,
.

GaP
. , 100
, (
).
77 . ,
,
.

3.5

GaP ( )
,
.
-,
Coulomb [11]. ,
, .
meV
15 nm ,.

38
,
.
.
, Ex ,
. :

e 4 mr
Ex (3.14)
8 2 h 2 l

mr .(2.18) l .

hf E g E x (3.15)

, ,
, :

hf E g E x E p (3.16)

,
.

.
, Coulomb
.

. 3.8
.

3.8.
GaAs, (1)
(2) [12].

39
3.6. .

,
.
, ,
().

.
.
:

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.
,
.
Auger, -.

:
.
,
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.

:
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Debye), ,
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,
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40

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k<<k,

.
.

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.
Auger
. Auger
- ,
.
,
. Auger 3.11.

3.11. uger,
) n
) p.

nr .

, :

1 r 1 nr 1 (3.18)

41