dce

2008

K Thut Truyn S Liu

BK
TP.HCM
dce
2008
Gii thiu
Mn hc
M s: 504003
S tn ch: 4
Mn hc trc: khng

Ging vin
Phan nh Khi
Khoa Khoa hc v K thut my tnh
khoi@cse.hcmut.edu.vn (8647256 ext. 6227)
http://cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~khoi
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 2
dce
2008
Gii thiu mn hc
ng lc
S pht trin v bo ca cc ng dng my tnh
S cn thit ca vic trao i thng tin gia cc ni, gia cc my tnh
Mc ch
Gii thiu cc khi nim, thut ng v cc phng php tip cn c dng trong cc
h thng truyn d liu
Hiu vic truyn s liu gia 2 thit b v cc vn lin quan
Hiu vic truyn d liu qua mng gia 2 thit b thng qua mt nghi thc giao tip
Gii thiu mt s mng truyn s liu c s dng hin nay
i tng
Sinh vin chuyn ngnh c kin thc v thit k mch, cu trc my tnh, ngn ng lp
trnh cp cao
K s chuyn ngnh
nh gi
Kim tra gia k: 30%
Thuyt trnh:
Nhm 3 - 4 ngi, trnh by 20 pht, cht vn 10 pht
Khng bt buc
Thay th cho thi gia k
Kim tra cui k: 70%
Phng php: t lun

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 3
dce
2008
Ni dung mn hc
Tng quan v truyn s liu v mng truyn s liu
Truyn dn s liu
K thut m ha tn hiu
K thut truyn d liu s
iu khin lp lin kt d liu
Ghp/tch knh
Chuyn mch mch v chuyn mch gi
Ch truyn bt ng b
Tm ng trong mng chuyn mch
iu khin nghn mch trong mng chuyn mch
d liu
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 4
dce
2008
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Tp slide bi ging, TS. inh c Anh V, 2008
[2] Data and Computer Communications William Stallings
[3] Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems Fred Halsall

ISDN & B-ISDN William Stallings

ATM Foundations for Broadband Networks Uyless Black
Data Communications William L. Schweber
Data communications and teleprocessing systems Trevor Housley
Data communication technology James Martin
Cng ngh ATM v CDMA LG Information & Communications
Lecture notes for M.Sc. Data Communication Networks and Distributed Systems D51 --
Basic Communications and Networks - Saleem N. Bhatti - Department of Computer Science
- University College London - October 1994
Lecture notes for DATA COMMUNICATIONS, v4.0 Brian Brown, 1995-2001.
Fiber Optics Communication and Other Applications Henry Zanger & Cynthia Zanger.
Wireless Networked Communications Concepts, Technology and Implementation Regis J.
Bates.
Practical digital and data communications with LSI applications Paul Bates

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 5
dce
2008

Chng 1
Tng quan v truyn s liu v
mng truyn s liu
BK
M hnh h thng truyn d liu
Truyn s liu
TP.HCM

Mng truyn s liu

Kin trc truyn s liu dng my tnh
dce
2008
M hnh h thng truyn d liu

S khi tng qut (m hnh Shannon)

ng dng d liu ng dng video

ng dng m thanh, ting ni ng dng thi gian thc

V d
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 7
dce
2008
M hnh h thng truyn d liu
H thng truyn d liu l g?
D liu: biu din s liu, khi nim, di dng thch hp cho vic
giao tip, x l, din gii
Thng tin: ngha c gn cho d liu
Tp hp cc thit b c kt ni thng qua mt mi trng truyn
dn

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 8
dce
2008
Cc tc v chnh
S dng h thng truyn dn
Chia s ng truyn hiu qu gia nhiu thit b, chng nghn mch
Giao tip gia thit b vi h thng truyn
To tn hiu
C kh nng truyn dn trong mi trng truyn
Bn nhn phi hiu c d liu
ng b gia bn truyn v bn nhn
Qun l vic trao i d liu
Cc giao thc truyn d liu
iu khin dng d liu
Pht hin v sa li
nh v a ch v tm ng
Khi phc
Khi phc li trng thi c ca h thng khi c li lm ngt qung
nh dng thng tin
Bo mt
Qun tr mng
Ci t h thng, qun l trng thi, x l li, c k hoch nng cp trong tng lai

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 9
dce
2008
H thng truyn d liu
Ti sao phi dng h thng truyn d liu
Chia s ti nguyn
My in
a/bng t
Cng sut tnh ton
Tp hp d liu
Phn tn ti
Tnh ton song song
Tnh ton theo m hnh client-server
Fault tolerance
Chuyn thng tin
Giao dch c s d liu
Th in t
Phn tn d liu trn mng lu tr

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 10
dce
2008
Truyn s liu

Lin quan n cc vn truyn d liu s dng th

Truyn dn d liu (data transmission)
M ha d liu (data encoding)
K thut trao i d liu s (digital data communication)
iu khin lin kt d liu (data link control)
Phn hp (multiplexing)
Lin kt (link) hoc mch (circuit)
Knh (channel)

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 11
dce
2008
Mng truyn s liu
Giao tip im-im
thng khng thc t
Cc thit b cch xa
nhau
S kt ni tng ng k
khi s cc thit b cn
giao tip ln

Mng truyn s liu

Phn loi da vo
phm vi hot ng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 12
dce
2008
Mng truyn s liu
Mng cc b (Local-Area Networks LAN)
c tnh
Tm vc nh (ta nh, nhiu ta nh)
Thng c s hu bi 1 cng ty, t chc
Tc cao hn WAN
Phn loi
Switch LAN (Ethernet)
Wireless LAN
ATM LAN
Xem chi tit trong [2], phn 4

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 13
dce
2008
Mng truyn s liu
Mng din rng (Wide-Area Networks WAN)
Khc nh th no so vi mng LAN?
Trin khai theo din rng
Da vo cc mch truyn dn cng cng
Cng ngh
Chuyn mch mch in (circuit-switching)
ng truyn dn dnh ring gia 2 node mng
Chuyn mch gi (packet-switching)
Khng c dnh ring ng truyn dn
Mi gi i theo ng khc nhau
Chi ph ng truyn cao khc phc cc li truyn dn
Frame Relay
c dng trong chuyn mch gi c tc li thp
Tc ln n 2 Mbps
ATM
Ch truyn bt ng b (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Dng cc gi c kch thc c nh (gi l cell)
Tc ln n Gbps
ISDN
Mng s cc dch v tch hp (Integrated Services Digital Network)

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 14
dce
2008
Mng truyn s liu
Mt cch phn loi khc
Da vo kin trc v k thut dng trao i d
liu
Mng chuyn mch (switched networks)
Mng chuyn mch mch in
Mng chuyn mch gi
Mng pht tn (broadcast networks)
Mng radio gi (packet radio net.)
Mng v tinh (satellite net.)
Mng cc b (local net.)

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 15
dce
2008

Chng 1
Tng quan v truyn s liu v
mng truyn s liu
BK
M hnh h thng truyn d liu
Truyn s liu
TP.HCM

Mng truyn s liu

Kin trc truyn s liu dng my tnh
dce
2008
Kin trc truyn thng my tnh
ng dng truyn file
Ngun thit lp kt ni (bo cho mng bit u l ch)
Ngun m bo ch sn sng nhn d liu
ng dng truyn file trn h/t ngun phi m bo chng trnh qun l
file trn h/t ch sn sng nhn v lu tr file
Nu nh dng file dng trn 2 h/t khng tng thch, mt hoc c 2 h/t
phi thc hin chc nng chuyn i
Tc v giao tip c phn nh thnh cc mun
V d, truyn file c th c phn thnh 3 mun
Truyn file
Dch v giao tip
Truy xut mng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 17
dce
2008
V d kin trc phn cp

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 18
dce
2008
Nghi thc giao tip (protocol)
Dng giao tip gia cc Cc thnh phn chnh ca
thc th trong mt h thng mt nghi thc giao tip
Thc th Ng php (syntax)
C kh nng gi/nhn thng nh dng d liu
tin Mc tn hiu
ng dng ngi dng Ng ngha (semantic)
Th in t Thng tin iu khin
Thit b u cui X l li
H thng nh thi (timing)
i tng vt l, cha mt ng b
hoc nhiu thc th
Tun t
My tnh
Thit b u cui
Cm bin t xa
Phi cng ni mt ngn ng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 19
dce
2008
M hnh n gin 3 lp
Lp truy xut mng
Lp vn chuyn
Lp ng dng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 20
dce
2008
Lp truy xut mng
Trao i d liu gia my tnh v mi trng
mng
Cung cp a ch my nhn, tm ng i
Yu cu cc dch v t mi trng mng
(priority)
Ph thuc vo loi mng ang s dng (LAN,
chuyn mch gi, mch)

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 21
dce
2008
Lp vn chuyn
m nhn vic truyn d liu tin cy
D liu n ng a ch
Theo th t gi
Khng ph thuc vo loi kt ni mng bn
di
Khng ph thuc vo ng dng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 22
dce
2008
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v
truy cp mng
Web browser: HTTP
Email: SMTP
File: FTP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 23
dce
2008
Kin trc 3 lp

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 24
dce
2008
Protocol data unit (PDU)
Ti mi lp c nhiu protocol c s dng
D liu ngi dng phi c thm vo cc thng tin iu
khin ti mi lp
Lp vn chuyn c th chia nh d liu ngi dng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 25
dce
2008
Hot ng ca kin trc 3 lp

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 26
dce
2008
Tiu chun ha
Cn thit cho cc tc v lin thng gia cc thit b
Cc t chc chun ha
Electronics Industries Association EIA: hip hi cc nh sn xut M, a ra chun
RS232 v cc chun tng t
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE (http://www.ieee.org): t chc nh
ngh ca cc k s in-in t (IEEE-754: chun cho s chm ng)
International Telecommunications Union ITU (http://www.itu.ch): iu phi cc chun
tm quc t, cp pht tn s vin thng v tinh
American National Standards Institute ANSI (http://www.ansi.org): i din cho mt s t
chc chun ha M (chun cho k t ASCII)
International Organization for Standards ISO (http://www.iso.ch): c nhiu chun lin
quan n my tnh, i din M l ANSI (ISO9000 l chun lin quan bo him cht
lng)
u im
Bo m th trng ln cho cc thit b v cc phn mm
Cho php cc sn phm ca cc nh cung cp c th giao tip vi nhau
Nhc im
Hn ch s pht trin cng ngh
C th c nhiu chun cho cng mt cng ngh

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 27
dce
2008
Tiu chun ha
H thng kn (s hu ring)
c nh ngha bi mt vi nh sn xut my tnh
Ch lin quan n vic truyn d liu trong mt my tnh hoc gia my tnh
vi cc thit b ngoi vi

H thng nhiu nh cung cp (thng mi ha)

c nh ngha bi mt s nh cung cp dch v vin thng
SNA (IBM), IPX (Novel), ...
V-series: kt ni gia DTE v modem kt ni vi PSTN
X-series: kt ni gia DTE v PSDN
I-series: kt ni gia DTE v ISDN

H thng DoD
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

H thng m
c nh ngha bi ISO
OSI Open Systems Interconnection

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 28
dce
2008
M hnh DoD
Pht trin bi DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) cho mng chuyn
mch gi ARPANET (sau ny l Internet)
Sp xp phn cp ca cc thc th c kh nng giao tip vi cc thc th ngang cp trong
mt h thng khc
Trong mt h thng, mt thc th cung cp dch v cho cc thc th khc v cng s dng
dch v ca cc thc th khc
Nhn mnh vo internetworking, ngha l, khi 2 thc th giao tip khng ni chung mt mng
Quan tm c h thng hng n kt ni v khng kt ni
Bao gm cc ng dng: trao i file (FTP, RCP), m phng terminal (telnet, rlogin), s v
truy cp file phn tn (NFS), thc thi lnh t xa (rsh, rexec), in n t xa (lpr), 802.X, X.25,
mail (SMTP), qun tr mng (NSP, SNMP)
TCP/IP c pht trin ng thi vi m hnh ISO
Khng cha cc nghi thc lin quan n cc lp trong m hnh ISO
Hu ht cc chc nng ca m hnh ISO c tch hp trong TCP/IP
Khng phi m hnh chnh thc, nhng l mt m hnh thc tin
Lp ng dng
Lp transport (giao tip gia cc thit b)
Lp Internet
Lp truy xut mng
Lp vt l

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 29
dce
2008
M hnh kin trc nghi thc TCP/IP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 30
dce
2008
M hnh kin trc nghi thc TCP/IP
Lp vt l
Giao tip vt l gia thit b v mi trng truyn
Tnh cht ca mi trng truyn, mc tn hiu, tc truyn
Lp truy xut mng
Trao i d liu gia thit b v mng truyn
Cung cp chc nng tm ng gia 2 thit b trong cng 1 network
Yu cu cc dch v t mng truyn (priority)
Lp Internet
Cung cp chc nng tm ng gia 2 thit b thuc 2 mng khc
nhau
Cn c hin thc trong cc router
Lp transport
m nhn vic truyn d liu tin cy gia 2 ng dng
Chc chn d liu i n ch, cc gi d liu n ng th t gi
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v truy cp mng

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 31
dce
2008
D liu c truyn qua TCP/IP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 32
dce
2008
M hnh kin trc nghi thc TCP/IP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 33
dce
2008
M hnh mng ISO/OSI
H thng l thuyt ra i Real system environment
qu tr
TCP/IP ang l tiu chun Application Layer
thc tin (de facto
standard)

OSI environment
Presentation Layer
7 lp
ng dng (application)
Trnh by (presentation) Session Layer
Giao dch (session)
Vn chuyn (transport) Transport Layer
Mng (network)
Lin kt d liu (data link) Network environment Network Layer
Vt l (physical)
Datalink Layer

Physical Layer

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 34
dce
2008
M hnh mng ISO/OSI

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 35
dce
2008
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v truy cp mng
Lp trnh by
Cung cp nh dng d liu c dng truyn d liu gia cc
my tnh ni mng (chuyn i m k t, m ha d liu, nn d
liu)
Lp giao dch
Cung cp c ch iu khin vic truyn thng ip gia cc ng dng
(tr gip danh b, quyn truy cp, chc nng tnh cc, )
Cho php 2 ng dng to, s dng v xa kt ni
C kh nng nhn dng tn v cc chc nng khc (security,
recovery) cn thit cho 2 my tnh ni kt qua mng
Quan tm n cc lp di (t lp vn chuyn tr xung)
Cc lp trn c tch hp trong h iu hnh v khng cn thit phi
chun ha

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 36
dce
2008
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp vn chuyn
Cung cp c ch trao i d liu gia 2 h thng
Cung cp dch v gi thng ip (message service) end-
to-end cho cc lp trn
Bo m d liu c truyn khng c li, theo th t v
khng mt mt, ngt qung hoc d tha
Chu trch nhim ng gi d liu t mt message ln
thnh nhiu message kch thc nh hn gi i v tp
hp cc message nh thnh mt message ban u khi
nhn c (c kh nng a hp)
Ngt thng bo thnh cc gi nh (c kch thc thch hp) v tp
hp cc gi cho lp mng
Kt hp cc giao dch vi cng cc node ngun/ch
Ti lp th t cc gi ti ch n
Khi phc li, h hng
iu khin dng t ngun n ch v ngc li

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 37
dce
2008
Lp ph thuc mi trng truyn dn
Lp mng
Trung chuyn cc gi gia lp
vn chuyn v lp lin kt d
liu
nh a ch gi v dch a
ch lun l thnh a ch vt l
Tm ng kt ni vi my
tnh khc thng qua mng
Mi node cha mt moun
lp mng cng vi mt moun
lp lin kt d liu cho mt
lin kt
Khng cn thit nu kt ni 2
my trc tip

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 38
dce
2008
Lp ph thuc mi trng truyn dn
Lp lin kt d liu
Chu trch nhim truyn dn mt cch tin cy
(error-free) cc gi d liu ca lp mng trn mt
lin kt n
ng khung: xc nh u v cui cc gi
Pht hin li: xc nh gi no c li ng truyn
Sa li: c ch truyn li (Automatic Repeat Request
(ARQ))

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 39
dce
2008
Lp ph thuc mi trng truyn dn
Lp vt l
iu khin vic truyn d liu (chui cc bit) thc s trn cp/mng
nh ngha tn hiu in, trng thi ng truyn, m ha thng tin v
kiu kt ni c s dng
Thi gian tr truyn
Thi gian t/h truyn t ngun n ch
T/h truyn vi vn tc xp x vn tc nh sng C=3x108 m/s
V d
v tinh GEO d=40.000km tr truyn 1/8 s;
cp Ethernet d=1km tr truyn 3s
Li truyn
Suy gim cng sut t/h
Suy gim do nhiu
M hnh knh truyn n gin: knh nh phn i xng (Binary Symetric
Channel)
P: xc sut li 1 bit
Li xy ra c lp
Thc t, li xy ra thnh chm

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 40
dce
2008
Truyn d liu qua m hnh mng OSI

Computer I Computer II

Application process Application process

Application layer Application layer

Presentation layer Presentation layer
Session layer Session layer
Transport layer Transport layer
Network layer Network layer
Datalink layer Datalink layer
Physical layer Physical layer

Data network
Network environment

OSI environment
Real systems environment
Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 41
dce
2008
D liu c truyn qua mng OSI

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 42
dce
2008
So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 43
dce
2008
So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 44
dce
2008
c thm
W. Stallings, Data and Computer
Communications (7th edition), Prentice Hall
2004, chapter 1, 2
Web sites for IETF, IEEE, ITU-T, ISO
Internet Requests for Comment (RFCs)
Usenet News groups
comp.dcom.*
comp.protocols.tcp-ip

Data Communication and Computer Networks 2008, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu 45