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Cam Nang An Toan Suc Khoe PDF
Cam Nang An Toan Suc Khoe PDF
MUC LUC
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Nhiu tac gia 2
CHNG I
CAC BNH MT
Vim m mt
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 3
cua mt sut nhiu hay t la tuy thuc seo uc day hay mong, nm
trung tm hay vong ngoai cua giac mac.
Nu seo day trung tm la th lc sut nhiu, cach iu tr
duy nht la ghep giac mac. Cac bac s se ly giac mac cua ngi
cht thay vao ch seo uc. Hin nc ta, vic ghep giac mac cha
c phat trin lm.
phong nga seo uc giac mac, cn phong nga bnh vim
loet giac mac. Bnh nay do vi khun, vi nm gy ra, chung xm
nhp sau cac chn thng hoc do cac virus. Khi b chn thng
mt hoc b vim loet giac mac, nn n cac c s chuyn khoa mt
iu tr, khng nn t y mua thuc nho. Nu dung thuc co
cha cht corticoid nh Dexacol, Neodex, Polydexan, Cebedexacol,
Spersadex, Maxitrol, Polydexa, bnh se nng hn.
Seo giac mac nm long en, con mng tht la mt t chc x
co mach mau bo ln giac mac t long trng. Mng tht d iu tr
hn seo uc nhng sau khi ct bo, mng tht rt hay tai phat day
hn, to hn. Ch nn ct bo mng tht khi nao no xm ln nhiu
vao trung tm giac mac. Bnh nhn ln tui th ty l tai phat
thp.
BS Nguyn Hu Chu (Giam c Trung tm Mt TP HCM)
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Nhiu tac gia 4
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 5
mach mau). Bnh tng nhan ap lam tn hai th lc, khi ap lc gia
tng co th lam co hep nhng mach mau nui dng cac si thn
kinh nhay cam pha sau mt.
Co 4 loai tng ap:
- Tng ap goc m man tnh: Chim ty l ln, xay ra phn ln
ngi gia nhng cung co th xay ra la tui trung nin. Ho
hang cua nhng ngi b bnh tng nhan ap co nguy c b mc
bnh cao hn do yu t di truyn. Bnh tin trin chm chap va
thng khng c chu y trong nhiu thang hoc nhiu nm.
- Tng ap goc ong hay tng ap cp: y la loai bnh tng ap
hay gp nht Vit Nam, thng xay ra la tui trung nin va
ngi gia, c bit la phu n. No xay ra mt cach t ngt, ap lc
cua mt tng ro rt. Nu khng iu tr tc thi, mt se tn
thng sut i trong mt thi gian rt ngn.
Khng ging nh bnh tng ap man tnh, bnh tng ap cp
thng co nhng triu chng ro rt nh au mt d di, nhn m,
o mt, co nhng vong nhiu mau quanh cac ngun sang va nn
ma.
- Tng ap bm sinh: Loai tng ap nay him, xut hin ngay
luc tre c sinh ra. S gian ln cua mt tre s sinh, chay nc
mt va s anh sang mt cach bt thng la nhng triu chng cua
bnh, cn n bac s nhan khoa kham.
- Tng ap th phat: Xut hin sau vim mt, phu thut
mt, co bin chng chn thng mt hoc uc thuy tinh th qua
chn.
Bnh tng nhan ap cang c chn oan sm th c hi
thanh cng trong vic ngn nga mt th lc cang ln. Mc du
bnh tng ap khng th cha khoi hoan toan nhng hu ht cac
trng hp co th kim soat c. Vic iu tr tuy thuc vao hnh
thai cua bnh, co th dung thuc nho, thuc ung, phu thut hoc
laser.
Thuc Spersacet gm Sulfacetamind Sodium va
Chloramphenicol, dung tr vim mt trong mt thi gian ngn
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Nhiu tac gia 6
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 7
nu. i kham bnh, bac s nhan khoa co th phat hin ngay t khi
mi bt u b cm.
Khng co thuc nao nho vao mt lam tan cm nh li n
ai. Khi a b cm, nht la luc cm a chn th cach cha duy
nht la m ly cm ri t thuy tinh th nhn tao hoc cho
eo knh.
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Nhiu tac gia 8
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 9
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Nhiu tac gia 10
Tng nhan ap cp
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 11
iu tr mt cn th
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Nhiu tac gia 12
iu chnh le
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 13
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Nhiu tac gia 14
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 15
- Ra sach knh trc khi cho vao mt, ra tay trc khi s
dung knh.
- Khi eo knh sat trong, tuyt i khng phun keo xt toc.
Nu cn, phai nhm mt lai cho n khi xt xong.
- Khng s dung contactlens ngay sau khi dung thuc nho
mt.
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Nhiu tac gia 16
CHNG 2
BNH TAI MUI HONG
ic va giam thnh lc
Ting n i vi tai:
- Qua trnh phat trin nhanh chong cac nganh cng nghip,
giao thng, vn tai, th hoa... lam cho ting n ngay cang ln,
anh hng ti sc nghe va gy bnh ic ngh nghip do ting n.
Ting n cung la trong nhng tac nhn gy nhim ma t trc
n nay t ngi chu y hoc chu y nhng khng co hng giai
quyt trit .
- nhim ting n la s tn tai cac loai m thanh khin
ngi nghe cam thy kho chu. Ting n gy mt ngu, stress, anh
hng ti tim mach, giam tui tho, tng huyt ap, nghnh ngang,
ic.
- Ting n ph bin hin nay thng phat ra t cac may moc
cng nghip, cac phng tin giao thng vn tai (xe hi, xe la,
may bay), hp gy n (cassette, tivi, may a)... n v o ting n
la decibel (dB). V du: ting xe chay trn ng ph 70-90 dB,
ting bua may 90 dB, ting xe la 90-95 dB, may bay phan lc ct
canh 130 dB... Theo qui nh cua Hip hi Chng ting n quc t
(AICB) th ting n cho phep trong san xut la 95 dB 5, Vit
Nam la 85 dB.
- Mc anh hng cua ting n con phu thuc vao cng ,
thi gian tip xuc va nhay cam cua c th. Tai co chc nng
nghe va thng bng, d b anh hng bi ting n xung quanh,
nht la ngi trn 40 tui. Khi ting n at 100 dB, phai chu
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 17
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Nhiu tac gia 18
Lao thnh la g?
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 19
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Nhiu tac gia 20
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 21
Thung mang nh
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Nhiu tac gia 22
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 23
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Nhiu tac gia 24
Vim tai gia man, con goi la chay mu tai, la bnh tng i
ph bin tre em. y la mt bnh dai dng, mu tai chay khi bt,
khi khng va keo dai nhiu nm lin. Nu lu khng iu tr,
bnh tr thanh vim tai xng chum, co bin chng nguy him
(bnh nhn co kha nng t vong).
Bnh vim tai gia man luc nao cung bt u t vim tai
gia cp. Bnh nhn b st cao, nhc tai va nghe kem. Nu iu tr
ung cach, bnh se khoi trong vong vai ngay. Nu khng iu tr
ung cach, bnh se chuyn sang vim tai gia man. Tai bt u
chay mu. Mu co th chay lin tuc hay tng t. Nu iu tr vi
khang sinh, nho tai, bnh co th khoi trong vong mt thi gian dai,
nhng sau o lai tai phat. Nc chay ra ban u la dch uc khng
hi. y la thi ky ch vim tai gia man n thun ma thi. Mt
thi gian sau, nc chay ra la mu, co mui hi. y la thi ky vim
tai gia a lan dn vao trong va gy vim tai xng chum. Cui
cung, nc chay ra la mu co mui thi khm nh mui coc cht. y
la thi ky tai co cha mt khi mm, goi la Cholesteatome. Chnh
khi nay to dn va gy chin chng cht ngi.
Nhng bin chng do khi nay gy nn thng la ap xe ai
nao, vim xoang tnh mach bn va vim mang nao. Gia tnh
trang bnh thng thng va tnh trang bin chng co giai oan
chuyn tip, con goi la "hi chng hi vim". Luc u, bnh nhn
vn sinh hoat nh thng, tai chay mu khi nhiu khi t. t nhin
bnh nhn st cao 38- 39 C, tai bnh nhc nhiu hn, nghe kem
hn, mu trong tai co khi chay ra rt nhiu, co khi b ket lai khng
chay ra c.
Hi chng hi vim nay la triu chng ch im, bao trc
trong vong 12 hoc 24 gi sau la co bin chng nguy him. Nu
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 25
can thip vao thi im nay tranh c t vong cho bnh nhn.
Trong trng hp gia nh khng bit a i iu tr sm, bin
chng tt yu se xay ra.
Mi bin chng u co mt triu chng chnh:
- Trong bin chng ap xe ai nao, bnh nhn b ng kinh
toan thn, hoc ng kinh mt phn c th, va yu chi bn i
din cua tai bnh.
- Trong bin chng ap xe tiu nao, bnh nhn b chong mt,
ng khng vng, nht la bnh nhn ng chum chn, nhm mt.
- Trong bin chng vim xoang tnh mach bn, bnh nhn b
ret run, st cao 40-41 C. Triu chng nay xut hin nhiu ln
trong ngay.
- Trong bin chng vim mang nao, c bnh nhn b cng,
bnh nhn khng th nao cui u xung cho cm cham ngc c.
Mt khi bin chng xay ra, nu khng iu tr kp thi, bnh
nhn b t vong trong vai ngay sau o.
Ngi b chay mu tai cn phai c chm soc chu ao. Phai
i kham nh ky giam s phat trin cua bnh. Trong trng
hp dch tai chay ra la mu khng hi, bnh cha co kha nng gy
bin chng. Tuy nhin, phai iu tr tch cc. Trong trng hp
dch chay ra la mu co thi khm, phai a bnh nhn n bnh
vin chup X-quang, anh gia tnh trang xng chum. Bnh nhn
co th c m sm, ly khi mm ra va tranh c bin chng.
Trong trng hp hi chng hi vim xut hin, phai a
bnh nhn n bnh vin va m cp cu. Khng c chn ch
mt giy phut nao. Cang keo dai thi gian, t vong do bin chng
cang gn k. Tai bnh vin, gp trng hp co hi chng hi vim
nay, bnh nhn c m cp cu tranh bin chng nguy him.
Trong trng hp tr, a xut hin cac triu chng cua bin
chng, phai tc tc a bnh nhn n bnh vin ngay xin m
ti cp. Chm tr trong tnh trang nay, bnh nhn se b t vong.
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Nhiu tac gia 26
Bnh vim tai gia man la bnh thng b coi la nhe. Tuy
nhin, din tin bn trong phc tap va co th gy t vong cho bnh
nhn.
Cy c tai cha ic
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 27
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Nhiu tac gia 28
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 29
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Nhiu tac gia 30
Vim mui d ng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 31
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Nhiu tac gia 32
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 33
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Nhiu tac gia 34
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 35
Amian
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Nhiu tac gia 36
s hin din cac lin cu trung Beta tan huyt nhom A ma khi xet
nghim, co bnh hach ln.
- St lu do vim amian man tnh hoc se ht st khi ct
xong amian.
- Ct amian ngi d ng: Vic ct amian ngi mc
chng hen se khc phuc tt tnh trang nay.
Nn tranh ct amian khi cha ti 4 tui.
ngi ln, nn ct amian trong cac trng hp sau:
- Vim hong tai phat.
- Sng ty quanh amian ngi tre tui b vim hc
amian man tnh.
- Vim man tnh.
Trng hp khng c ct bo amydale:
- Co bnh v mau: Trc khi ct amian, cn tin hanh xet
nghim v mau tm hiu tnh hnh ng mau va chay mau c
a bnh nhn, lam bilan th trong mau, khao sat tnh ng va
chay mau co tnh ca nhn hoc gia nh (di truyn).
- i vi nhng ngi chuyn nghip v giong (ca s, xng
ngn vin...), vic ct amian phai c suy ngh tht chn chn.
BS Pham Khc Tr
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 37
dn n vic tng san xut hooc mn. Vic hooc mn giap trong
mau nhiu hn bnh thng a anh hng n tt ca cac hoat
ng cua c th, k ca tuyn sinh duc (bung trng va tinh hoan).
Khoang 0,5% dn s mc bnh nay, nhng hay gp phu n t 20
n 50 tui. Rt t khi co bnh tre di 10 tui. Tnh trang cng
giap keo dai se dn n suy tim, yu c, giam cn, giam kha nng
lam vic (suy nhc thn kinh, mt tp trung), ri loan hoat ng
tnh duc (giam kha nng thu tinh va kinh t n, giam tinh trung
va bt lc nam). Nu b li mt, mt se khng nhm c, o,
vim kt mac, co th mu.
Thng bnh nhn hay co cac triu chng sau y:
- D xuc ng, luc nao cung cam thy nong nc va m, run
tay, m hi, co khi lo lng, bn chn, mt, tim p manh,
nhanh, khng u.
- Bnh nhn gy nhanh du n nhiu. Phu n hay ngi ln
tui co th tng cn.
- Tnh kh gt gong, bt thng.
- Co khi tiu chay 5-10 ln mi ngay.
- i khi mt li hay co bu c.
Tuy tng th bnh, cac nhom triu chng thng gp rt
khac nhau. ngi ln tui, bnh rt kho nhn bit v cac triu
chng khng in hnh.
V sao b cng giap? Tnh trang hoat ng qua mc cua
tuyn giap dn n vic tng san xut hooc mn co th do nhng
yu t kch thch bn ngoai tuyn giap. Cung co khi mt phn m
chu tuyn giap b tng sinh va tr nn hoat ng qua mc. Mt s
nguyn nhn khac t gp hn:
- Do it: Dung thuc cha it nh Amiodarone, cht can
quang.
- Do ung qua mc thuc iu tr co cha hooc mn tuyn
giap.
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Nhiu tac gia 38
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 39
Trong sinh hoat hng ngay cua tre, mt s thoi quen anh
hng khng tt cho s phat trin cua rng, ham va co th lam ri
loan mt s chc nng vung ham mt. Thoi quen mut ngon tay,
mut num vu, cn mi di va th bng ming se gy vu; thoi
quen chng cm va cn mi trn se gy mom. Bnh thng, sau
khi cn hai ham rng va nut nc bot, rng ham trn phu ngoai
va che khut 1/3 chiu cao thn rng ham di. Khi b h hoc
mom, ham rng khng hi u hai c im va nu, nu mc
nng se lam cho gng mt xu i nhiu.
Ngoai ra, mt s thoi quen khac anh hng xu n rng
ming va thm my gng mt. Thoi quen nm nghing mt bn
lu ngay se lam lep mt bn ham va lam mt cn i gng mt.
Thoi quen dung rng cn but, cn mong tay, khui np chai, cn
ch... se lam me rng; nht la i vi nhng ngi co tt nghin
rng. V th, cn sm t bo cac thoi quen xu nay. Ta co th giu,
bo num vu, lng mt vt la mt cach chc chn vao ngon tay cua
tre tre khng mut tay na va nh theo doi ky vt nay khng
ri vao hong tre. Vi cac thoi qun nh chng cm, cn mi..., ta co
th t ra mt mc phat thch hp va co tac dung i vi tre nh
khng c n qua tra khi ngu dy, khng c v thm ba... Vi
mt s thoi quen nh th bng ming, nghin rng..., phai a tre
n bac s kham va iu tr kin nhn. Bac s chnh hnh rng
ham mt phai lam kh cu cho bnh nhn eo mi co th bo c
cac tt xu nay.
BS Bui Th Qu Nga (Bnh vin Nhi ng 1)
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Nhiu tac gia 40
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 41
Fluor - li va hai
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Nhiu tac gia 42
Bnh su rng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 43
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Nhiu tac gia 44
Ap xe rng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 45
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 47
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Nhiu tac gia 48
CHNG 4
BNH DA VA TOC
Bnh ghe
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 49
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Nhiu tac gia 50
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 51
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Nhiu tac gia 52
Cham th tang
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 53
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Nhiu tac gia 54
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 55
- Gii han rt ro, theo hnh dang cua vt tip xuc (cham th
tang co gii han khng ro).
- Xut hin bt c v tr nao co d ng nguyn.
Khi bnh din tin man tnh, da se co dang liken hoa do cao
gai nhiu hay do bi nhim. Bnh xay ra t 5-7 ngay sau ln tip
xuc u tin, i khi tr hn.
Nu d ng nguyn la cht co hnh dang khng i nh dy
ng h, gong knh, thng tn se co hnh dang cua vt tip xuc.
Nu cham tip xuc do thoa kem trang im mt, cac v tr nh
hai go ma, cm, tran tr ln o hng, rn nc trong khi quanh hai
mt, mui, ming la nhng vung khng thoa thuc co mau da bnh
thng.
Nu d ng nguyn la cht long, th du du thm, d ng co
th lan ra cac vung da k cn.
Co khi, ngi b cham tip xuc ban chn nhng sau o lai
co nhng thng tn tng t bung, c. Y hoc goi y la phan
ng t thn ("id" reaction) hay phan ng xa (reaction a
distance).
Thng tn tuy theo v tr:
- Cham tip xuc da u: Thng kh, co mau hng, nga
rt d di. Sau khi ngng tip xuc vi cht gy d ng, vay mn
nh vay phn se troc ra va co th gy rung toc tam thi vung da
bnh.
- Cham tip xuc da mt: Rt thng gp, di dang hng
ban mun nc, co khi rn nc. Thng do thoa trc tip kem tr
bnh hay kem trang im, cht ty trng, ty nam; co khi do
nhng cht bay trong khng kh nh bui xi mng, phn hoa, khoi
nhang...
- m mt: Thng m mt hay b sng. Nu m mt va kt
mac cung luc b sng o, nga th do d ng vi thuc nho mt.
Nu ch hai m b th thng do thoa cht gy d ng vao m mt
(thoa phn mau vao m mt, but ch ke mi, lng may, xm mi...)
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Nhiu tac gia 56
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 57
Sam da
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Nhiu tac gia 58
Ung th da
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 59
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Nhiu tac gia 60
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 61
giai oan ngng moc toc khoang 20 ngay va giai oan rung toc
khoang 100 ngay.
Trung bnh mi ngay toc rung t 50 n 80 si. Nu toc rung
qua 80 si mi ngay la co vn , cn i kham bac s tm hiu
nguyn nhn va cach giai quyt.
Co nhiu nguyn nhn gy rung toc, nhng co th chia lam 4
loai sau:
1. Rung toc cp tnh: Rung toc nhiu va nhanh trong thi
gian ngn. Co th do:
- Nhim c cac cht: Ng c vang (gp nhng ngi ch
bin vang), ng c thuy ngn hay cac cht phong xa (trong qua
trnh iu tr bng phong xa (chay tia cha ung th...); ng c
vitamin A hay thuc nga thai.
- Do bnh nhim trung: Thng gp sau khi b cac bnh nh
st ret, thng han, vim mang nao, nhim trung sau khi sinh,
cam cum nng, bnh giang mai... Trng hp nay toc se rung
nhiu, nhng sau khi hi phuc bnh vai thang, toc se moc tr lai
bnh thng.
- Do nguyn nhn ni tit: Gp phu n sau khi sinh hay
ang iu tr ni tit t nam gii. Mt s bnh lam ri loan ni tit
nh bnh cua tuyn giap, bnh cua tuyn yn, tuyn thng
thn...
- Do tac ng thn kinh: Thng gp sau khi b mt cn xuc
ng manh, hoc mc bnh v tm thn nh b trm cam.
2. Rung toc man tnh: Loai nay thng gp nht. Din bin
cua bnh rung toc loai nay thng keo dai, co th tr thanh mang
trui toc, lam da u lang nhn.
- Do qua trnh tng tit ba nhn trong c th: Thng gp
ngi co da u nhn, lam cho bui d bam vao da u, tao iu
kin nhim vi trung, nhim nm... gy vim da u, lam cho toc r
rung.
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Nhiu tac gia 62
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 63
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Nhiu tac gia 64
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 65
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 67
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Nhiu tac gia 68
CHNG 5
CAC BNH XNG KHP
Thoai hoa khp la mt loai vim khp, huy hoai cht sun
khp. y la bnh thng gp trong s cac vn v khp. My,
co n 100 triu ngi mc bnh nay. Trc 45 tui, thoai hoa
khp thng xay ra an ng; sau 55 tui, no hay gp an ba. V
tr thoai hoa thng gp la hai ban tay, ban chn, xng sng va
cac khp ln chu sc nng nh hang, u gi.
Bnh thoai hoa khp nguyn phat co lin h vi tui gia.
Tui cang ln, nc trong sun gia tng, cht protein sun b thoai
hoa. Cac khp c dung qua nhiu nm d b vim sun, au
khp, sng; nu tin trin qua lu con lam mt hn lp m sun
khp. Vim khp kch thch phat sinh tng trng xng mi, tao
thanh cac gai quanh khp. Thoai hoa khp th phat xay ra sau
beo ph, chn thng nhiu ln hay phu thut khp, bnh bm
sinh v khp, gut, tiu ng va mt s ri loan hooc mn. Thoai
hoa khp ch la bnh v khp, khng anh hng g n cac c quan
khac.
Bnh thng gy au n ni khp, nhiu hn vao luc chiu
ti. Khp co th sng, m, khi vn ng co ting ku khp. au
va cng khp hay xay ra khi ngi bt ng lu. Triu chng thay
i tuy ngi: co ngi thy qua au, phai i khp khing, kho
lam vic c; ngi khac lai co rt t triu chng du co nhiu
hnh anh thng tn trn X-quang. Triu chng bnh nay co th
khng lin tuc, nhiu ngi b khp gi, tay co th nhiu nm
khng au g. Do khp gi b thoai hoa, bnh nhn i khp khing,
ngay cang t hn khi bnh tin trin. Thoai hoa khp xng sng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 69
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Nhiu tac gia 70
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 71
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Nhiu tac gia 72
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 73
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Nhiu tac gia 74
Chng au lng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 75
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Nhiu tac gia 76
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 77
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Nhiu tac gia 78
Nn tranh gh qua su, qua mm, qua thp, qua nga khi
ngi vao ch trung, gp thn lam i, anh hng xu n t th
chuyn i t ngi sang ng va do o anh hng n ct sng.
ng
Khi ng, nn ng thng lng, ngc n, hai vai hi ra
pha sau, c thng, u khng veo lch hay cui, hai chn dang ra
tng din tch mt chn va ng vng hn. Mt chn co th
gac ln buc trc mt va thay i chn khi ng lu. Khng nn
ng ru ngi, lch thn sang bn, ta nghing ngi vao ct nha
hay tng. Khi ng trn xe buyt, xe cng cng, khng nn nm
tay vi trn cao lam thn b veo lch. Nn nm thanh ta hay nm
tay treo ngang tm hoc ta lng vao thanh xe la hn.
i
T th tt khi i ging t th nha binh: lng thng, vai hi
ra sau trong mt phng khung chu; mt nhn ngang; tay anh ra
xa u n gi thng bng t nhin, tranh t th nhn mai
xung t hay ngc lai ngo ht mt ln tri.
T th lam vic
Khng nn ngi mep gh va qua xa ban lam vic, lng
khom xung. Khng nn ng chn thp chn cao lam thn eo
sang bn. Nh gi thn lun lun ngay thng va nhn thng ra
trc mt khi oc sach hay lam vic vi may tnh chng han.
Nn thay i t th lam vic thoai mai trn cao ngang tm
hn la t di t theo thoi quen cu nh nht rau, vo gao, lm
thoc...
Khi ng, nn ta mng, lng vao tng (nu co th c)
nht la i vi phu n co bu hay bung qua mp. Nh lun gi
thng lng khi lam vic.
Cang ln tui, cang phai chu y gi t th tt. Ct sng ngi
co tui khng con mm nh khi tre; nn tranh hn cac ng tac
cu ky mang tnh ky thut khng phuc vu cho sc khoe.
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 79
Bai 1:
Nm nga ngi (eo lng ep sat mt t), hai tay t trn
ngc, co chng hai chn (ban chn ap mt t). Ht mt hi y
cng lng ngc, bung phnh ra, nn hi (m t mt n mi).
Sau o t t th ra, thot bung, co hu mn va co c mng, cho n
khi th ht hi va ep sat bung, nn hi (m n 10) ri th nhe
nhang. Tip tuc lp lai 3-5 ln.
Bai 2:
Nm nga, hai tay dui thng bng hai vai, co chng hai
chn. Co gp hai chn, hai u gi a ln ap vao ngc, dung hai
ban tay an cheo ngon a ln m ly phn di u gi, keo ep
u gi v pha ngc, ri tha ra. Lp lai 8-10 ln. Sau o thao tac
ging nh vy nh i vi tng chn cung t 8-10 ln.
Bai 3:
Nm nga, hai canh tay dui thng va ap sat hai bn thn
hoc co t ban tay ln ngc. Co chng hai chn. Gng bung, gp
ngi ngi dy, ng thi nng hai canh tay va vn ngi v pha
trc (vn gi t th co chng hai chn). Sau o t t tha ngi tr
lai t th ban u. Lp lai 8-10 ln.
Bai 4:
Sp mnh, hai canh tay thng, dn sc ln hai ban tay
chng trn san va dang rng bng vai, mt chn dui thng doc
theo thn, mt chn co (ging t th vn ng vin chun b chay).
Ep mnh xung thp va vn ti pha trc bng cach rn u gi
sat t va ep sat bung vao ui. Sau o tr v v tr ban u, lp lai
8-10 ln va i chn cung lam 8-10 ln.
Bai 5:
ng vn hai tay ln lng cua gh ta (cach lng gh khoang
chng 40 cm). T t ngi xung theo t th chm hm trn cac
ngon chn nhon. Sau o tr lai t th ban u. Lp lai 8-10 ln.
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Nhiu tac gia 80
Bai 6:
Ngi thng lng trn mt gh ta, hai ban tay ap ln nhau
va ep vao bung, khom ngi, gng bung, gp v pha trc, sao cho
cm t gia hai u gi. T t nng ngi ma vn gng bung, khi
a v t th ban u th th gian bung. Lp lai t 8-10 ln.
Nhng bai tp trn cn thc hin trn san cng co trai nm.
Tp t t mi ngay 1-2 ln vao bui sang hoc ti trc khi i ngu.
Trong vai ngay u co th au nhe, sau 5-7 ngay se bt. Khng
nn tp trong luc au lng cp.
BS L Thin Anh Tun, Vo Vn Thanh
au tht lng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 81
ung ngon chn cai. i khi ngoai au tht lng cp tnh, bnh
nhn con b au xung ca hai chn va b tiu. Trng hp nay xay
ra khi dy chng doc sau b rach thnh lnh va a m b lot vao
trong ng sng, gy chen ep chum r thn kinh ui nga.
Sau giai oan cp tnh, bnh nhn hoc khoi hoc din bin
thanh au man tnh. Bnh nhn au dai dng, nht la khi ngi
lu hay lam nng hoc lam vic thng hay cui lng. au thng
kem moi c canh ct sng tht lng hay lan xung hai mng. Cn
au gy kho chu, anh hng sinh hoat hng ngay. au tht lng
man tnh la tin cua au tht lng thn kinh toa.
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Nhiu tac gia 82
Veo ct sng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 83
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Nhiu tac gia 84
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 85
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Nhiu tac gia 86
Gai ct sng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 87
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Nhiu tac gia 88
cac khp cung chu, cac khp ct sng va cac khp ngoai bin, hay
dn n dnh khp hang va ct sng, gy nn tan ph t rt sm
nu khng c chn oan va cha tr ung.
Co 70% ca bnh bt u t t va 30% din bin t ngt, cp
tnh. Bnh co th xay ra sau chn thng, nht la vung ct sng.
Du hiu ban u thng kho xac nh: au vung ct sng
tht lng, vung mng va cac khp ln ngoai bin (thng nht la
khp hang va khp gi). Toan thn mt moi, gy sut do teo c
nhanh, st nhe; vim mng mt; tim ri loan dn truyn, h ng
mach chu nhe.
giai oan toan phat, co vim cac khp chi vi c im:
vim khp ln (khp hang, khp gi, khp c chn...), vim i
xng, teo c nhanh. Vim ct sng (c, lng, tht lng) thng
xut hin mun hn. Vn ng b han ch do giam gian ct
sng va lng ngc; teo khi c canh ct sng lam ct sng nh ra
sau; vim khp vung chu hai bn.
Bnh tng dn se dn n dnh va bin dang toan b ct
sng va hai khp hang. n luc dnh hoan toan, bnh nhn se ht
au. Nu khng c chn oan sm va iu tr ung, cac khp se
dnh nhng t th xu, gu veo nng, chn co qup (dnh khp
hang) khng i lai c. Bin chng cua bnh lam suy h hp, tm
ph man, lao phi, lit hai chi di (do chen ep tuy va r thn
kinh).
iu tr: Co th dung thuc khang vim khng co steroid
(nh Phenylbutazone, Indomethacin, Diclofenac, Naproxen), thuc
gian c (Myonal, Coltramyl, Surdalud, Valium) Dung
Sulphasalazin 2 g hang ngay trong 2-5 nm, co tac dung tt i vi
cac khp ngoai bin (hang, gi).
Song song, bnh nhn phai tp vn ng sm va kin tr
nhm chng dnh khp, chng t th xu.
Khi bnh tin trin, phai khp t th c nng, nm nga
trn van cng, chn dui thng, khng gi, khng k n khp gi,
vt ly tr liu, bi li, phuc hi chc nng, xa tr...
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 89
Thoat v a m ct sng
Th nao la thoat v a m?
V sao thoat v a m?
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Nhiu tac gia 90
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 91
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Nhiu tac gia 92
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 93
CHNG 6
CAC BNH CUA H TUN HOAN
au tim
Ban co cam giac kho th khi lam vic gng sc hay khng?
Hoc khi i ln tng lu, thy ngp th du ch thoang qua ri ht?
Sang sm ngu dy, ban co nhn thy m mt hi sng ln, thnh
thoang thy nng chn, n manh ngon tay ln vung mt ca chn
thy lai du vn tay lu ma khng thy tan i? Thnh thoang
ban co nghe c ting p "thnh thnh" cua tim hay thy nhoi
au trc ngc...?
Khi co mt vai biu hin trn, ban cn ngh n bnh lin
quan n tim mach. iu quan trong la nu nghi ng, ban nn tm
n bac s ngay, khng nn coi thng bo qua du ch la nhng
triu chng nhe nhang. Tuy nhin, cung khng nn ht hoang qua
mc va ngh ngay mnh b au tim.
iu cn quan tm:
- Phat hin sm cac bnh tim bm sinh va cha tr.
- Phong va iu tr cac bnh cao huyt ap, ai thao ng.
- Chng x va ng mach bng cach tranh n nhiu cht
beo.
- D phong bnh thp khp (hay bnh thp tim) tre em.
- iu tr trit cac bnh phi man tnh.
- Tranh cac bnh nhim trung.
- D phong va iu tr cac bnh v tim mach.
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Nhiu tac gia 94
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 95
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Nhiu tac gia 96
u mau. Do o trong vai giy, ban khng con chong mt, hoa mt
na.
Vi ngi ren luyn c th tt, hin tng nay co th nhe i.
Noi chung, khi ngi xm lu qua, nn ng dy t t nao khng
b thiu mau t ngt.
BS Pham Vn am
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 97
tc ngc, au ngc hoc choang vang, mun ngt xu, tut huyt ap
(khi ngoai tm thu xut hin nhiu hang loat).
Bnh thng, ta khng h chu y n trai tim ta ang p ra
sao. Cam giac hi hp ch xut hin khi nhp tim tng ln hoc
nhp tim khng u, khi nhat bop ngoai tm thu tht manh hn
bnh thng, sau o lai co khoang ngh bu khin ta thy nh tim
ngng p thoang qua.
Ri loan nhp tim xut hin t luc con la bao thai cho n
tui gia. La tui nao cung co loai loan nhp nng, cang ln tui
ri loan nhp cang nhiu hn, anh hng xu hn v co nhiu bnh
tim hn.
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Nhiu tac gia 98
Ngi bnh phai cung cp u cac thng tin cho thy thuc: co
dung cht kch thch nh ru, ca ph, thuc la khng; co dung
loai thuc tr s mui, thuc nhun trng hoc li tiu, ru thuc
khng; tnh trang loan nhp tim gy kho chu n mc nao, co
gy au ngc, chong mt, mun ngt xu hay khng; trong gia
nh co ai b bnh tng t?
T o, bac s se xac nh y la loai ri loan nhp nao, co phai
hu qua cua bnh tim, trong tng lai co gy bin chng nguy
him nao khng.
Nguyn tc c ban la: Ch iu tr ri loan nhp tim cho
nhng bnh nhn ring le ch khng co bai thuc cho ring mi
loai ri loan nhp.
Nn lu y: Trc y, vai ngi t y s dung mt loai thuc
chng loan nhp tim rt thng dung la Amiodarone (Cordrone) ma
khng co y kin chuyn mn, hu qua la b bin chng cng hoc
nhc nng tuyn bnh giap trang, x hoa phi.
Cac thuc iu tr loan nhp tim cc ky nguy him ch khi
tr ri loan nhp tim, no cung co kha nng gy ra nhng loan nhp
tim khac con nguy him hn nu khng dung ung va theo doi sat.
BS Nguyn Cng Tm
Ri loan thn kinh tim la cach goi chung giai thch nhng
hin tng khac nhau thng xay ra vung tim ma thy thuc
cung nh bnh nhn cha xac nh ro nguyn nhn xut phat.
Nhng hin tng o thng la: tim p nhanh, d hi hp; hoc
tim p chm; d choang vang, chong mt, ngt, loan nhp tim loai
ngoai tm thu. i khi bnh nhn co cam giac au nhoi, au tc,
nng n vung tim, khi ngu co hin tng bong e... kham tim
khng phat hin thy cac tn thng thc th cac h thng van
tim, trn bang ghi in tim khng thy co bin i g ro rang.
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 99
Nhng hin tng khac thng xay ra vung tim, khng co cac
tn thng thc th trong tim, nhng co anh hng n cuc
sng bnh thng cua toan c th, trong ai a s cac trng hp
u do tnh trang khng n nh cua h thng thn kinh trung
ng va mt phn cua h thng thn kinh t ng trong tim gy
ra.
Phong tr
- Bnh nhn phai c ngh ngi hoan toan trong thi gian
nht nh t 1 n 3 thang ni yn tnh, tt nht la khng co
ting ng n ao, ni ng qu mat me co khng kh trong lanh
cang hay.
- Phai kin quyt tranh cac hin tng kch thch qua manh
i vi h thng thn kinh, gy xuc ng qua mc hoc gy cng
thng v thn kinh, nht la i vi nhng ngi d xuc ng, nh
tranh oc truyn, xem phim gy cn, tranh hop hanh cng thng,
thc khuya...
- Khng ung ru, hut thuc la, thuc lao hoc n ung
thoai qua, khng ung tra m hay ca ph bui ti lam mt ngu.
n nhiu rau qua ti co nhiu sinh t, n iu , u cht (am,
beo, bt).
- Tp th duc th thao u n. Cac mn th thao nh bi
li, bong ban, tp un deo, thai cc quyn... Nu lam cng vic bt
buc phai ngi hay ng, phai tp trung t tng, tp trung ng
tac lin tuc... th phai co thi gian ngh ngi gia gi.
- Thnh thoang tham gia cac loai hnh giai tr nhe nhang nh
xem phim vui, nghe nhac nhe...
- Ch dung thuc mt cach han ch khi xuc ng manh, tim
p dn dp, kho ngu hoc mt ngu, co th dung thuc an thn
loai Valium 5 mg/1 vin, nm ngh ngi. Ung sinh t nhom B, C
hoc ung thuc tr tim theo ch nh cua bac s.
BS Pham Vn am
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Nhiu tac gia 100
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 101
Thiu mau
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Nhiu tac gia 102
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 103
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Nhiu tac gia 104
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 105
Suy tnh mach man tnh chn la tnh trang h tnh mach
khng hoan thanh chc nng chuyn mau v tim.
Triu chng u tin la phu hai chn, khng au. Triu
chng phu giam hay mt vao ban m, khi nm gac chn ln cao.
Kem theo phu, bnh nhn co cam giac nng hai chn. Giai oan
nng hn, bnh nhn thy au chn, cng cac khp. Cui cung
dn n loet chn.
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Nhiu tac gia 106
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 107
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Nhiu tac gia 108
X va ng mach
Bnh thng, lp trong thanh mach mau lun lun trn lang,
an hi tt giup s lu thng thng sut cua mau mang dng kh
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 109
va cac cht dinh dng n nui cac c quan trong c th. Cang
ln tui, m va cac cht se lng ong dn dn thanh mach tao
thanh cac mang x va. Qua trnh lng ong nay tng dn lam
long mach b cht hep dn n tc mach. y la mt qua trnh
bnh ly tin trin chm, thi gian hnh thanh mang x va keo
dai nhiu nm. X va ng mach dn n nhiu bin chng, c
bit la nhi mau c tim va t qu.
Cao huyt ap se y nhanh qua trnh x va ng mach, khi
huyt ap cao tao mt ap lc ln trn thanh ng mach, lp c
thanh ng mach se tr nn cng va day. Long mach nho lai. Long
mach hep se lam huyt ap tng cao thm, m tch tu nhiu hn
thanh mach, tt ca tao thanh vong xon lam tng cac bin chng
tim mach, thn va t quy.
Hut thuc la se kch thch lam tim p nhanh, long mach co
hep lai, mau d b ng thanh cuc, y nhanh qua trnh x va
ng mach. Cholesterol cao trong mau se ong lai thanh ng
mach gy x va ng mach. c th beo ph, tim phai lam vic
nhiu hn, d b cao huyt ap hn va thng kem theo cholesterol
mau cao d b x va ng mach hn.
Cuc sng cng thng nhiu lo lng c th se phan ng lai
bng cach tng nhp tim, huyt ap tng ln, x va ng mach d
hn.
BS L Th Tuyt Phng
M trong mau
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Nhiu tac gia 110
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 111
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Nhiu tac gia 112
Lu y:
- Khi s HA trn va di thuc hai khac nhau th vic
phn loai bnh da vao cao hn.
- anh gia mc nguy him cua bnh, ngi ta khng
ch da vao ch s HA, cao HA ma con da vao cac yu t i
kem (nh mc bnh tiu ng, bnh tim mach hay co tn thng
ni tang do cao HA gy ga...), da ca vao iu kin kinh t, xa hi,
sc tc, v tr a ly...
Huyt ap bnh thng cua ngi Vit Nam la 120/80 mmHg,
noi tt la 12/8 (12 la s HA trn, 8 la s HA di). Goi la cao HA
khi s HA trn cao hn 14 hoc s HA di cao hn 9.
Tnh trang s HA trn tng cao d gy tai bin nht thi nh
t mach mau nao, suy tim cp, nhi mau c tim; vic s HA di
tng cao thng gy tac hai lu dai nh ln tim, ri suy tim, suy
thn man...
Khi s HA ln xung chut nh, mt s ngi rt lo s; tht
ra, HA la con s ng, thay i nhiu ln trong ngay, cao nht vao
bui sang, thp nht vao ban m luc ngu. Ngi gia HA cao hn
10-20 mmHg, nam co HA cao hn n 3-5 mmHg. Khi n mn, vn
ng th lc, lao ng tr oc qua mc hoc thn kinh cng thng,
HA u tng ln i chut nhng khng nguy him. Hin co
khoang 12% ngi trn 15 tui mc bnh, ty l nay tng ln theo
tui ( tui 45 la 14%, tui 65 la 33%).
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 113
iu tr tng huyt ap
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Nhiu tac gia 114
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 115
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Nhiu tac gia 116
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 117
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Nhiu tac gia 118
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 119
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Nhiu tac gia 120
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 121
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Nhiu tac gia 122
Oxy cao ap vi bnh thiu mau c tim va thiu nng tun hoan
nao
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 123
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Nhiu tac gia 124
Phng phap ren luyn sau tai bin xut huyt nao
Sau tai bin xut huyt nao, a s bnh nhn b di chng lit
na ngi, mt ming b nghing lch, noi nng kho khn hoc cac
di chng khac...
V phng din iu tr ng y, cn c vao bnh tnh ma
lng y a ra cac phng phap tr liu: tnh nao, khai khiu, bi
b nguyn kh, s thng kinh lac, hoat huyt ; ng thi phi hp
chm cu va dung thuc tr liu.
V chu ng ren luyn: Ngi bnh chu ng vn dung y
thc vao hoat ng tay chn va c th bn b bnh (nhng tuyt
i khng dung pha bn khoe manh giup vn ng). Cac cng
nng cua con ngi u phai qua ren luyn mi co th khi phuc
nhanh. T bao nao thoai hoa cn thng qua tr liu va phng
phap ren luyn chnh xac mi co th phuc hi va m mang.
V vn dung y thc: La phng phap tr liu ch huy pha
c th co bnh hoat ng:
1. Khn trng va bung long kt hp nhau
Do thiu chu ng ren luyn pha c th co bnh nn kh
huyt khng lu thng, nht la chi trn, tay thng ru xung,
ban tay, ngon tay d sng phu, cac khp cua canh tay long leo, ri
rac.
Khi u ren luyn la c ng gi ln. C bp cua canh tay,
khp c tay, ngon tay khn trng, thm ch rung ng, nhng
ngay cang phai c gng gi cao hn. Sau o, dn dn ha xung,
vn dung y nim keo canh tay bung li ha xung n thp
nht. Lp i lp lai nhiu ln ma tin hanh "mt khn, mt li"
tao cho kh huyt c lu thng. Dn dn canh tay va vai se khi
phuc, ban tay, ngon tay sng phu tr lai bnh thng.
2. ng va tnh kt hp nhau
Vn dung y nim ch huy tay, chn, c th. V mi khp
ban tay, ngon tay pha bn bnh khng th ng, nh khng th
nm tay lai hoc xoe rng tay ra, nn ngi bnh phai c gng vn
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 125
dung y nim nm tay lai nh qua m hoc xoe rng tay luc
bung ra (luc khn, luc li) cho ky c. Sau nhiu ln nh vy,
bnh nhn se t nhin c ng c. Mc du luc u rt kho
khn nhng khng nn nan ch.
3. Nhp tnh
Hai mt t t khep lai, toan thn th gian. T trn u,
dung y nim bung long pha bn tay co bnh, tun t t khp vai
bung li xung khp khuyu tay, ti khp c ban tay ri n long
ban tay. Y nim bung long tt ca, sau o la y nim bung long ha
chi, t khp hang, n khp gi, khp c chn, ban chn, ngon
chn. Sau o theo phng phap 1.
4. ng
Hoat ng trn di chi (ca tay va chn) pha bn mc bnh,
nn luyn khoang 20 phut. Sau nhiu ln ren luyn nh vy, c
th ngay cang trang kin, huyt ap, tim mach co th khi phuc lai
bnh thng. Nn nh ng lam cho ngi bnh cam thy mt
nhoc.
Bnh nhn cn co tinh thn kh luyn va long tin chin
thng bnh tt. Mi ngay, ngoai tr khi n cm, ngu, phn ln
thi gian con lai ngi bnh u phai ren luyn va t tr liu.
Thi gian hoat ng cho ngi bnh lit na ngi nh sau:
- ng: mi ln 20 phut.
- Nhp tnh va bung long: mi ln 5 - 10 phut.
Thi gian tp luyn:
- Mi sang sm ren luyn mt ting ng h (tc tp 2 ln,
trong thi gian nay nn ngh 5 phut va n sang).
- T 8 gi n 10 gi sang (2 ting ng h) tp 4 ln va gi
ngh nn ung nc trai cy.
- T 14 gi n 16 gi (2 ting ng h) tp 4 ln va ngh xen
ke mi ln tp.
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Nhiu tac gia 126
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 127
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Nhiu tac gia 128
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 129
la nhi mau nao) va xut huyt nao (con goi la chay mau nao hay
t gn mau).
Nguyn nhn cua nhun nao la do lng mau ln nao qua t
hoc s lu thng trong long mach mau n nui nao b can tr
trm trong. Lng mau ln nao thp thng do huyt ap thp.
Nu huyt ap thp thng xuyn th khng gy tai bin t ngt.
Nu huyt ap thp t ngt co th gy ra nhun nao.
Khi s huyt ap trn mc 70-80 mmHg th bt u co hin
tng thiu mau nao, nu lng mau ln nao cha giam qua 20%
th cha co tai bin nguy him.
Khi co huyt ap trn giam di 70 mmHg, se xut hin thiu
mau nao ro rt. Luc nay, trn ngi bnh thng (khng b x cng
ng mach), cac mach mau nao se thch nghi bng cach gian
mach; con trn ngi b x cng ng mach, kha nng thch nghi
nay giam rt nhiu nn tnh trang thiu mau nao thng nng n
hn, d dn n nhun nao hn.
Nguyn nhn th 2 gy nhun nao la do co vt can trong long
mach mau i n nao. Vt can nay co th la mang x m ng
mach b bong ra t ni khac tri theo dong mau ln nao, hay do
cuc mau ng trong mt s bnh tim, do bot kh hay hat m trong
trng hp gay xng ui.
Dang bnh th 2 cua tai bin mach mau nao la xut huyt
nao. Bnh nay thng do cao huyt ap (chim 80%) hoc do nhng
nguyn nhn khac nh v nhng mach mau co hnh dang bt
thng.
BS Phan Hu Phc
Ru va bnh tim
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 131
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Nhiu tac gia 132
CHNG 7
BNH GAN
Gan nhim m
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Nhiu tac gia 134
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 135
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Nhiu tac gia 136
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 137
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Nhiu tac gia 138
Bnh x gan
X gan la h qua din bin chm cua nhiu bnh gan khac
nhau v nguyn nhn, trong o ng u la ru, k tip la siu vi
(B, C, A) th ba la dung thuc khng thn trong, khng hp ly.
Ngoai ra, v sinh thc phm, thoi quen n ung, phng thc iu
tr, sinh hoat xa hi... cung la nhng yu t gy bnh co th dn
ti bin chng x gan va c trng.
Cach nhn bit x gan c trng
Bac s se chn oan bnh da vao cac du chng c trng
cua bnh (vt hng ban mu ban chn tay, am mach mau chn
nhn, to vu, dch hoan teo) va cac triu chng nh lach to, c
trng, phnh tnh mach thc quan, oi mau, thanh bung co nhiu
mach mau ln, ging nh u con sa. Luc u vung ha sn
phai, b trai cua gan to qua mui xng c, sau o teo nho lai,
giai oan k tip s b gan thy ln nhn nh u inh.
Con c trng (bang bung) la bin chng cua x gan co tng
ap lc tnh mach, dch trong khoang mang bung cang luc cang
nhiu, anh hng n chc nng cua thn, h thng bach mach
cua gan va rut. ap lc tng cang nhiu nu gan cang suy nng se
lam kit nc trong mau lu thng nhng lai co qua nhiu nc
trong bung va lam mach mau co lai trong su.
C trng co th t phat gy nhim trung mang bung, n
vao bung se co cam giac au kem theo st, nht la ngi x gan
do ru. Khi co bang bung, tnh mang bnh nhn se b nguy him
nu khng c phat hin va cha tr sm.
Bin chng
X gan co mt s bin chng c bit. Thng gp nht la
xut huyt tiu hoa do v, gian tnh mach thc quan, bnh nhn
se oi ra nhiu mau, oi thanh tng cn, ra mau ng co ln thc n
hoc khng. Bin chng thng gp th hai la hn m gan, bnh
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Nhiu tac gia 140
mau vao gan. Chung sng, trng thanh, e trng tai h thng
dn mt trong gan. Trng theo dch mt bai tit xung rut, theo
phn ra ngoai tip tuc mt chu trnh mi.
Triu chng: ngi, khoang 15 ngay sau khi n thc n co
u trung san la gan, bnh se tin trin qua hai giai oan sau:
- Giai oan khi u: Keo dai 2-3 thang, san se t rut di
chuyn vao gan. Bnh nhn se co cac du hiu nh mt moi, au
bung, tiu chay, au bung m , lin tuc vung gan (do gan sng
ln), kem theo st, chan n va i khi co nga da kiu d ng.
- Giai oan vim ng mt: Giai oan nay san n sng
trng thanh va e trng tai h thng ng mt trong gan gy ra
cac cn au bung vung gan, hoc vung hng phai. au cang luc
cang to do gan ngay cang sng to. Tnh cht cn au thng lam
cho bnh nhn va bac s ngh la do ri loan tiu hoa hay do bnh
da day. H thng ng dn mt b tc nghen, thanh ng dn mt
sng day ln lam cho mt khng c bai tit tt. Hu qua la dch
mt lai lam cho bnh nhn vang mt, vang da nh nhng bnh
gan khac. Cac du hiu ri loan tiu hoa nh tao bon... cung
thng hay gp. au bung co th bt sau khi ung thuc, giam
au nh sau o tai i tai lai nhiu ln va co th keo dai n vai
thang, vai nm.
Bin chng:
Nu khng c iu tr ung, bnh nhn dn suy nhc,
kem n mt ngu va thiu mau. c bit khi siu m bung thy co
cac khi u nho, la, nm rai rac trong gan, va cha c chn oan
ro rang, bnh nhn se rt lo lng, d ngh sau la bnh nhot gan,
ung th gan va con suy sup tinh thn hn, nht la khi a dung
qua nhiu loai thuc khang sinh, giam au nhng khng tht kt
qua.
iu tr:
Hin nay thuc iu tr san la gan tt nht la Bithimol hoc
Triclabendazol. Tuy nhin Vit Nam hai loai thuc nay con kha
him va kho tm thy. Chung ta co th dung: Emetin, hay
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 141
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Nhiu tac gia 142
CHNG 8
LAO VA CAC BNH H H HP
Gian ph quan
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 143
Hen ph quan
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Nhiu tac gia 144
- Cac triu chng xut hin khi tip xuc vi cac loai kch
thch khac nhau nh: bui, mui nng, hoa cht, khng kh lanh
hoc khi thi tit thay i.
- Bnh nhn a tng b vim mui d ng, ni m ay hoc
nhng ngi co quan h rut tht vi ngi mc bnh d ng.
iu tr
Co hai loai thuc c dung kim soat
1. Nhng thuc ct cn: La nhng thuc lam gian ph quan,
co tac dung lam thng thoang nhanh ng h hp, nhm lam
giam triu chng cua cn hen ph quan.
2. Nhng thuc phong nga lu dai: Gi cho cac triu chng
va cac cn khng xay ra, t o gi hen ph quan c kim soat
tt. khi cn hen ph quan xay ra. Thuc co tac dung rt han ch
nhng lai rt an toan cho vic iu tr hng ngay trong mt thi
gian dai.
Trong cac dang thuc iu tr ct cn hen ph quan th dang
ht co hiu qua cao hn, t co tac dung phu hn so vi thuc dang
ung (vin hay sir) hay thuc dang chch (tim bp, tim tnh
mach).
Cn chu y mt s yu t trong cuc sng co th anh hng
ln cn hen, va d a ngi bnh n t vong nh:
- ang iu tr corticoid dai han.
- Trc y a phai t ng ni kh quan hoc a co tran kh
mang phi, tran kh trung tht trng hen ph quan nng.
- Co hai ln nhp vin hoc kham cp cu nm trc, va
nhp vin hoc kham cp cu thang trc.
- Co bnh ly tim mach hoc h hp nng i kem.
- Tm thn, kem thng minh.
- Nghin ru, tip tuc ung ru.
- Tre dy th va ngi tre.
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 145
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Nhiu tac gia 146
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 149
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Nhiu tac gia 150
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 151
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Nhiu tac gia 152
nh cua Chng trnh Phong chng lao quc gia, nhng bnh
nhn lao khang thuc (a c tai iu tr 5 loai thuc) ch ung
Isoniazide n thun. Trn th gii a co phac hng dn iu
tr lao khang thuc nhng nhng loai thuc nay rt t tin, t
hiu qua, nhiu c tnh va co thi gian keo dai 18 - 24 thang, ch
thc hin c nhng trung tm y t co u iu kin ky thut,
u phng tin theo doi, chm soc bnh nhn mt cach toan din.
Do o phong nga bnh lao khang thuc la vn ht sc
quan trong va la muc tiu cua Chng trnh Phong chng lao.
Bin phap ti u nht hin nay phong bnh lao la thc hin
chin lc DOTS vi hoa tr liu ngn ngay co kim soat tai c s y
t gn bnh nhn nht nh phng xa, t dn ph, t i san
xut...
BS Hoang Th Quy
(TT Lao va bnh phi Pham Ngoc Thach
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 153
Lao ngoai phi tuy khng nguy him cho ngi xung quanh
nhng lai va kho nh bnh do rt t khi tm thy vi trung, va
kho iu tr. Vic chn oan phai dung nhiu xet nghim hoc
nhng phng tin chn oan su, vic iu tr co th n nh v
mc bnh tt nhng lun lai di chng trn cac chc nng lin
quan, va nhng tan ph trn cac b phn, tr trng hp lao tai
mt s mang nh mang tim, mang phi, lao tai cac mang nay do
triu chng anh hng n cac chc nng xay ra manh hn, gy
chu y cho bnh nhn va thn nhn sm hn, nn vic phat hin
sm se a n mt iu tr tch cc va khng lai bt c mt
tn hai nao v chc nng va c th.
lao hach ngoai vi, sau thi gian iu tr, hach thng nho
i do ht hin tng vim, vic m ly ht hach la khng cn thit,
ca v mt bnh tt ln phng din thm my.
Mt tin b ln trong cng tac iu tr bnh lao phi hay lao
ngoai phi u c iu tr bng mt cng thc vi thi gian
ging nhau, tr lao mang nao, la th lao ngoai phi nguy him
nht co thi gian iu tr dai hn. Tuy nhin, vic iu tr lao
ngoai phi tn kem hn do phai phi hp vi nhiu loai thuc kem
theo bin phap iu tr vt ly phuc hi.
phong nga lao ngoai phi, chung ta cn lu y n nhng
triu chng khac thng cua c th (nh a noi trn), kp thi
n c s y t kham va iu tr.
BS Hoang Th Quy
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Nhiu tac gia 154
hut thuc la con d mc bnh cao huyt ap, va bin chng tai bin
mach mau nao.
- Bnh ung th: Thuc la la nguyn nhn s 1 gy ung th
phi. Kha nng b ung th phi tng gp 10 ln nhng ngi hut
thuc la so vi nhng ngi khng hut thuc la. Nu hut cang lu
nm vi s lng cang nhiu, kha nng b ung th phi cang cao.
Ngoai ra, thuc la con co th gy ra cac bnh ung th khac nh:
ung th thanh quan, ung th thc quan, ung th vom hu, ung
th tuy, ung th bang quang... Khi a phat hin khi ung th,
thi gian sng con lai ch tnh bng thang.
- Bnh phi tc nghen man tnh: Khi u, ngi hut thuc
la ch b ho am thng xuyn, nht la vao bui sang. Tuy nhin,
luc nay chc nng h hp cua phi a b sut giam dn, ma cha co
biu hin triu chng. Khi chc nng phi a giam nhiu, ngi
bnh bt u b kho th. Luc u ch kho th khi lam vic nng.
V sau kho th ngay ca khi ngh ngi hay khi sinh hoat ca nhn
nh thay qun ao, i v sinh... Va tnh trang tan ph h hp o
keo dai cho n khi ngi bnh t vong v suy h hp.
Ngoai ra, hut thuc la con lam anh hng n ngi xung
quanh, nht la nhng ngi trong gia nh. o la bnh ly cua
nhng ngi phai thng xuyn ht khoi thuc la do ngi khac
hut thuc la, con goi la bnh "hut thuc la thu ng". ngi ln,
hut thuc la thu ng cung gy bnh tim mach, va ung th phi
mc du t l thp hn hut thuc la trc tip. tre em hut thuc la
thu ng cung gy bnh vim ng h hp. Ngoai ra, b me hut
thuc la con lam tm gng xu cho tre va phn ln nhng tre nay
cung nghin thuc la khi ln ln.
Ung th phi
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 155
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Nhiu tac gia 156
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CHNG 9
CAC BNH NG TIT NIU
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Nhiu tac gia 158
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 159
au thn
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Nhiu tac gia 160
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 161
Soi ng niu
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Nhiu tac gia 162
bit la b san thn dang san h, cn phai phu thut. Sau khi m
ly san, bac s cho bit thn cua ng nc va giam chc nng;
nhng may mn la ng n kham va cha bnh khng qua tr nn
thn cha b h hai hoan toan.
Nguyn nhn
Soi thn (con goi la san thn) la mt dang cua soi ng
niu, co th gp bt ky c quan nao trong h niu. Co hai nguyn
nhn gy soi ng niu:
- Ri loan chuyn hoa: U lanh tuyn cn giap lam tng canxi
trong mau va nc tiu; nc tiu cha nhiu canxi nn d tch tu
lai va sinh ra soi. Nguyn tc iu tr loai soi nay la ct bo u lanh
tuyn cn giap.
- Tc nghen ng tiu bm sinh hay mc phai ai thn, b
thn, niu quan, bang quang, niu ao, tuyn tin lit; co bnh tai
b niu hay chung quanh b niu lam nghen ng tiu, nc tiu
khng chay c va sinh ra soi. Nguyn tc iu tr la loai bo
nguyn nhn gy b tc ng tiu.
Triu chng
70% trng hp soi thn mt bn ch co triu chng au lng
n thun; v th cn ht sc lu y va nn i kham bnh ngay
phat hin va iu tr sm nhm tranh cac tac hai xu va nng do
soi gy ra. Ngoai ra, bnh nhn co th co cac triu chng nh: ai
but, ai ra soi, ai ra mau, ai uc nh mu.
Soi thn nu nho, khu tru mt ai thn rt t khi gy bin
chng. Tuy nhin nu khng kp thi iu tr, soi niu se gy tn
thng cho thn, lam gian n hoc gy hep ng tiu do phan
ng xim x hoa va cang lam tng hin tng tc nghen ng
tiu. Tc nghen ng tiu lai cang anh hng xu n chc nng
thn, d gy nhim trung va vim ng tiu, lu dn ng tiu
b x hoa va tc nghen cang nng, gy v niu hoc lam giam chc
nng thn trm trong.
iu tr
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 163
Soi thn xut hin khi trong nc tiu co qua nhiu thanh
phn khng hoa tan c. Nguyn nhn co th do:
- Th tch nc tiu c bai tit qua t do ung nc t hoc
iu kin lam vic khng thun li, khng co iu kin ung nc
hoc i tiu "thoai mai"... lng nc vao t nn c th "tit kim"
nc va bai tit nc tiu t i so vi bnh thng.
- Bai tit qua mc mt s hp cht choc loc: Nu dinh dng
khng hp ly, n ung qua mc mt s thc phm th c th se
thai bt phn tha nay qua nc tiu, nng cac cht nay trong
nc tiu tng cao, chung d ong lai va hnh thanh soi thn.
- Mt s yu t nh d tt ng tiu... gy tc nghen hoc
lam ong nc tiu trn ng bai tit nc tiu.
- Hoc do nhiu yu t khac nh pH cua nc tiu khng
phu hp vi ch n (nh pH nc tiu co tch acid ma bnh
nhn lai n nhiu thc n lam acid hoa nc tiu)... lam giam s
hoa tan cac cht trong nc tiu nn cac cht nay d ong lai va
tao soi.
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Nhiu tac gia 164
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 165
bnh nhn suy thn giai oan cui, lng cht thai nh
nc, u r, creatinine, kali... ong trong mau tng cao hoc xut
hin tnh trang toan huyt, co th dn n t vong do c th b ng
c. Ngoai ra, suy thn con dn n cac tnh trang thiu mau
nng, cao huyt ap, loang xng, lit dng...
Co hai dang suy thp: cp tnh va man tnh.
- Suy thn cp tnh co th do ng c thuc, choang v nhiu
nguyn nhn, cac bnh cua cu thn, soi thn va niu quan hai
bn. Trong nhng trng hp nay, thn tam ngng hoat ng, sau
khi cha tr, co th hi phuc.
- Suy thn man co th do nhiu nguyn nhn: bnh ngoai
thn (bnh t min, ai thao ng). Bnh tai thn bao gm bnh
cua cu thn (thn h, vim cu thn, x hoa cu thn), bnh ng
thn va m ke (vim thn ngc dong, vim m ke, lao thn...).
Bnh sau thn gm soi thn, tc ng tiu man tnh do nhiu
nguyn nhn (u lanh tuyn tin lit, hep niu ao...). Co th phong
nga suy thn man nu cac bnh nhn trn c kp thi phat
hin va iu tr. Tuy nhin, co nhng bnh nh x hoa cu thn,
du bit trc cung kho lam g hn la ch n khi suy thn mi can
thip.
Khi suy thn, ngi bnh cn bnh tnh nghe theo li ch dn
cua bac s chuyn khoa, khng nn tin vao li mach nc cua
nhng ngi khng co chuyn mn. Ngi bnh cn theo k hoach
iu tr va theo doi cac ch s sinh hoa cua mau nm vng va
theo sat tnh trang bnh. Ngi b suy thn man co th ap dung
mt trong hai bin phap iu tr sau:
- Chay thn nhn tao: Thn nhn tao co kha nng loc cht
thai ong trong c th. Bin phap nay co nhiu han ch nh phai
chay thn trung bnh mi tun 3 ln, mi ln 4 gi, ngi bnh l
thuc vao may, cht lng cuc sng kem; co th b ly nhim cheo
do nhiu ngi dung chung mt may. Ngoai ra, thn nhn tao
khng sa cha c chc nng ni tit (phai dung thuc tao mau
hoc truyn mau, vn con kha nng b loang xng, cao huyt
ap...).
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Nhiu tac gia 166
Bnh tiu ng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 167
- Phu n sinh con to, nng trn 4 kg hay gp kho khn trong
vic sinh n: sy thai, sinh non, c thai...
- Tre nho thng i tiu m, ai dm, gy, bing n, hoc
kem, au bung vt, bun nn, bung au nh co lai hay nghen rut.
- Phu n hay nga ngay toan thn hay b phn sinh duc.
- Thanh nin to khoe nhng yu sinh ly. B vim nhim tai i
tai lai kho tr dt im b phn sinh duc, h thng h hp, thn,
lao phi.
- B nhi mau c tim, huyt ap cao.
- Co ghe l ngoai da, nm mc, da vay nn.
- T bai, loet bong ai, mc bnh thn kinh, t chn, hoai t
chn, thy m mt.
Cung cn da vao cac yu t co th a n bnh tiu ng:
- Khi co cha me b bnh tiu ng, 5% cac con cua ho co th
mc bnh tiu ng. Cac con cua ngi mc bnh tiu ng cn
c chm soc ky tranh cac bnh do siu vi (cam cum, ho ga, quai
b, ban); cac bnh ni tit (thng thn, tuyn yn, tuyn giap),
beo ph, huyt ap cao, nghin ru, thuc la, lam dung vai loai
thuc nh corticoid (tr nhc moi), progesterone (thuc nga thai).
- Khi ung nc nhiu, i tiu nhiu. Ung ngay 3-4 lt nc,
i tiu xi xa.
Nu nghi ng b tiu ng cn xet nghim chn oan. Xet
nghim mau tnh mach la ph bin nht. Lam xet nghim sang
sm, luc bung oi.
a bit mc bnh tiu ng phai n bac s chuyn khoa :
- Phn tch bnh tiu ng loai g: thiu hay con insulin...
- anh gia tnh trang sc khoe. Phat hin cac bin chng,
tin lng cac din bin v sau.
- Thao qui cach chm soc, iu tr, n ung, sinh hoat.
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Nhiu tac gia 168
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 169
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Nhiu tac gia 170
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 171
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Nhiu tac gia 172
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 173
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Nhiu tac gia 174
CHNG 10
CAC BNH NG TIU HOA
Bnh dch ta
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 175
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Nhiu tac gia 176
Bnh ly Amp
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 177
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Nhiu tac gia 178
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 179
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Nhiu tac gia 180
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 181
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Nhiu tac gia 182
Tao bon
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 183
- n nhiu cht si, cht x, rau cai, trai cy, cac loai thc
phm "tao khi": khoai lang, rau cu, ht e...
- Ung nhiu nc, c bit nc cam, nc chanh.
- Tp i tiu vao gi gic nht nh trong ngay.
- Chng np sinh hoat tnh tai bng cach thng xuyn vn
ng, tp th duc th thao, c bit tp cac c vung bung.
Lu y:
- Nn xem s dung thuc la bt c d; ch dung thuc trong
thi gian ngn, ti a la 10 ngay. Nu thy khng kha quan nn i
kham bnh.
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Nhiu tac gia 184
- Nn chon loai thuc tao khi, loai tr tao bon thm thu
trc, nu khng hiu qua mi dung n thuc tr tao bon kch
thch (a k trn).
- Xem ky hng dn hoc hoi dc s v thi gian tac dung
cua thuc (co thuc cho tac dung sau 2-3 gi, co thuc phai ung
chiu ti hm trc sang hm sau x)...
Khi nao cn thut thao va dung thuc nhun trang?
Thut thao n gian co th giup cho ht tao bon. Co th dung
nc m hoc cho thm chut t xa phong vao. Tuy nhin, thut thao
hoc dung thuc nhun trang se ht sc nguy him i vi cac
trng hp:
- Ngi bnh ang au da day d di hoc co bt ky du hiu
nao cua vim rut tha hoc "au bung cp tnh", ngay ca khi
ngi o a nhiu ngay khng i tiu.
- Ngi b thng do an bn hoc co chn thng khac
rut.
- Ngi yu sc hoc b m.
- Tre b st cao, nn, tiu chay hoc co du hiu mt nc.
Vi cac loai thuc ty va thuc nhun trang thng dung,
cn chu y:
- Du thu du: La loai thuc ty gy kch thch, hai nhiu
hn li, khng nn dung.
- Maggnesium carbonate: La thuc ty mui. Ch dung vi
liu thp, coi nh la thuc nhun trang tr tao bon. Khng dung
thng xuyn va khng bao gi dung khi b au bung.
- Du khoang cht: i khi co th dung cha tao bon cho
ngi b bnh tr, nhng du ch lam trn ch khng lam mm
phn. Trc khi i ngu, co th dung t 3-6 mung ca phn du
khoang cht (khng ung luc n cm v du se lam mt cac
vitamin trong thc n).
Thuc nhun trang cung ging thuc ty nhng co tac dung
yu hn. Nhng loai thuc va nu trn khi dung vi liu nho th
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 185
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Nhiu tac gia 186
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 187
thc quan va lam cho chng nong thng v d xay ra. Ru, thc
phm co gia v, bac ha, ca chua va trai cy chua lai cang d gy
chng nong thng v v th nn tranh hoc gii han nhng thc
n nay. Ngi bnh cung cn thay i li sng khng con b beo
ph; t bo thoi quen hut thuc la va n vt trc khi ngu v co qua
nhiu m bung se ep da day va lam thc n d trao ngc; con
hut thuc la se lam cho cac c thc quan gian.
Bac s cung co th ngh thay i mt phng phap iu tr
v cht c ch calci hoc thuc trm cam co th lam gian c vong
thc quan va thuc y s trao ngc. Nhng thuc ban khng k
n nh Tagamet HB va Zantac 75 dung cha chng nong thng
v nhng thc t khng cha c chng trao ngc acid. Hin
nay, co mt loai thuc mi khng k n la nhng cht c ch bm
proton co th giup giam s sinh acid va cha vim thc quan
nhng v kha nng phong ung th thc quan con cha c th
nghim.
BS T Bch - Loan Phng
au da day
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Nhiu tac gia 188
lam cho nng lc tiu hoa va chng cua rut, da day yu i, khi
gp kch thch da day, chu khng ni, d b tn thng, sinh ra
loet. Mc bnh loet da day thng nong rut, da day au, , nn
nc chua. mi ngi do v tr loet trong da day khac nhau nn
tnh hnh au cung khac nhau. Noi chung vt loet trong b da
day va mn v. Sau khi n khoang 1 gi, da day trng, dch v kch
thch, ch loet mi bt u au. Nu ch loet ch da day va rut
non ni tip (tc hanh ta trang) goi la loet hanh ta trang, thng
sau khi n ba tac ng vao ch loet mi bt u au. Trong hai
tnh hung nay, da day au u theo quy lut nht nh.
- Ri loan chc nng thn kinh da day: Ban thn da day
chng co bnh g, chu yu do tm trang khng n nh, anh hng
ti thn kinh, chi phi da day. Nu keo dai co th phat trin thanh
vim da day man tnh hay loet da day. Triu chng bnh nay co
luc gn nh triu chng vim hoc loet da day.
phong chng bnh da day, cn tranh nhng nguyn nhn
gy bnh. Dung thuc ch co tac dung phu tr. Cui cung, ngi co
bnh da day nu phat hin ai tin phn en hoc nn ra nhiu
mau bm en, co th la vt loet, xut huyt co luc au bung d
di, da bung cng - co th vet loet da day b thung. Hai triu
chng nay u rt nguy trong phai n ngay bnh vin. Vi ngi
trn 40 tui, nu gy i nhanh, lai chan n co th b u ac tnh, cn
kim tra va tr liu sm.
BS Ly Kin
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 189
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Nhiu tac gia 190
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 191
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Nhiu tac gia 192
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 193
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Nhiu tac gia 194
- Giao duc y t nng cao kin thc v bnh giun moc, nng
cao y thc phong bnh, chng ly nhim va bao v ngi cha mc
bnh: khng n rau sng cha ra ky va sach, khng ung nc la,
ra sach tay trc khi n va sau khi i v sinh, khng i chn
khng...
BS Phan Th Kim (Vin Dinh dng
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 195
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Nhiu tac gia 196
Bnh tr
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 197
Triu chng
- Chay mau trc trang: Co vt mau o phn hoc mau chay
nho giot hay thanh tia khi i tiu. Khi bnh nng hn, ch ngi
xm la mau a chay ra, co khi mau chay nhiu qua phai i cp
cu.
- Sa tr: Nu sa tr t 3 tr ln th bnh nhn rt kho chu
trong sinh hoat.
Ngoai ra, mt s bnh nhn con co cam giac au va nong rat
hu mn, do bnh a co bin chng nh tc mach do huyt khi,
sa va nghet bui tr, bui tr b nhim trung...
Mt s bnh nhn co th gy chn oan nhm nh ung th
trc trang, vim loet ai trc trang, sa trc trang, Polip ai trc
trang (co tht d ai trc trang). V th chn oan ung bnh,
ngoai vic thm kham trc trang, bac s se cho lam ni soi hu
mn trc trang hoc X-quang ai trang can quang.
Tr c phn loai thanh tr ni, tr ngoai:
- Tr ni nm trong ng hu mn, khi to ra se sa ra ngoai va
phn thanh 4 : 1, 2, 3 va 4.
- Tr ngoai th nm ngoai ng hu mn.
Ngoai ra con co trng hp tr hn hp, la tr ni va tr ngoai
lin kt vi nhau. Tuy theo loai tr va sa tr bac s se ch nh
iu tr cu th; i vi tr ngoai, bac s ch iu tr bng thu thut
hay phu thut khi co bin chng.
- V iu tr ni khoa: Bac s cho bnh nhn dung cac loai
thuc lam tng trng lc thanh mach, chng phu, chng vim va
giam au; nn dung thc n d tiu chng tao bon, tranh cht kch
thch va cac gia v nh t, tiu, mu tac...; tranh lam nhng cng
vic qua nng nhoc va nhng cng vic phai ng lu, ngi nhiu;
ngoai ra cung cn iu tr nhng bnh khac nh vim ai trang,
vim ph quan...
- V iu tr ngoai khoa: Co th ap dung cac phng phap
sau:
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Nhiu tac gia 198
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 199
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Nhiu tac gia 200
CHNG 11
CAC LOAI ST THNG THNG
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 201
Bnh st ret
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Nhiu tac gia 202
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 203
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Nhiu tac gia 204
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 205
toan khac (nh bnh nhim trung huyt nng, thng han, st ret,
vim gan siu vi...)
Do bnh st xut huyt ngi ln ch mi gia tng vai nm
gn y nn cha th kt lun g v ty l t vong, tre em thng
do sc khng hi phuc, tai i tai lai; con ngi ln nguyn nhn
thng do xut huyt nng, kho cm. Ngi ln thng nhp vin
tr nn tnh trang xut huyt a nng, gop phn lam tng ty l t
vong.
iu tr tuy theo nng nhe cua bnh. 1 va 2, bnh
nhn co th iu tr ngoai tru bng thuc giam st thng thng,
ung nhiu nc c bit la nc trai cy, n thc n d tiu va
ngh ngi... Tuyt i khng dung thuc giam st thuc nhom
Aspirin v se gy chay mau nng hn. Bnh nng hn 3, 4,
co tnh trang sc hoc xut huyt nng, bnh nhn cn nhp vin
c theo doi iu tr va cp cu kp thi.
Hin nay, cha co thuc chung nga st xut huyt, v th
bin phap nga bnh n gian nht la tranh khng mui t
bng cach ap dung cac bin phap: ngu mung, dung nhang hoc
phun thuc tr mui... va nht la phai gi cho nha ca lun thng
thoang, sach se, san lp ao tu va cac vung nc ong, tch cc dit
lng qung, dit mui...
BS L Th Thu Thao (Trung tm Bnh nhit i TP HCM)
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Nhiu tac gia 206
CHNG 12
PHONG VA TR BNH UNG TH
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 207
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Nhiu tac gia 208
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CM NANG AN TOAN SC KHOE 209
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Nhiu tac gia 210
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