Thiet Ke Cung Cap Dien Cho Nha May SX Vong Bi

GII THIU CHUNG V NH MY
Nh my ch to Vng Bi c xy dng trn a bn vi quy m kh ln

bao gm 10 phn xng v nh my lm vic.
Bng 1.1 - Danh sch cc phn xng trong nh my:
S TRN CNG SUT T DIN TCH

TN PHN XNG
MT BNG (kV) (m2)
1 Phng th nghim 120 8430
2 Phn xng 1 3500 14600
3 Phn xng 2 4000 13350
4 Phn xng 3 3000 11250
5 Phn xng 4 2500 8550
6 Phn xng Sa cha c kh 1875
7 L ga 400 2530
8 Phn xng Rn 1600 7870
9 B phn Nn kh 600 1570
10 Trm bm 200 3030
Nh my c nhim v ch to Vng Bi cung cp cho cc ngnh

kinh t trong nc v xut khu. ng v mt tiu th in nng th nh
my l mt trong nhng h tiu th ln. Do tm quan trng ca nh my
nn ta c th xp nh my vo h tiu th loi1, cn c m bo cung cp
in lin tc v an ton.
Theo d kin ca ngnh in, nh my s c cung cp t Trm
bin p Trung gian cch nh my 15 km, bng ng dy trn khng l
kp, dung lng ngn mch v pha h p ca trm trung gian l SN=250
MVA.
Nh my lm vic theo ch 3 ca, thi gian s dng cng sut cc
i TMAX= 5300h. Trong nh my c phng Th nghim, phn xng Sa
cha c kh v Trm bm l h loi III, cc phn xng cn li u thuc
h loi I. Mt bng b tr cc phn xng v nh lm vic ca nh my
c trnh by trn hnh 1.1.
Cc ni dung tnh ton, thit k bao gm:

1. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca cc phn xng v nh my.
2. Thit k mng in cao p cu nh my.
3. thit k mng in h p cho phn xng Sa cha c kh.
N TT NGHIP THIT K CUNG CP IN CHO NH MY SX
VNG BI
4. Tnh ton b cng sut phn khng nng cao h s cng sut
ca nh my.
5. Thit k chiu sng cho phn xng Sa cha c kh
6. Thit k ng dy trn khng t H thng v nh my.
7. Thit k trm bin p hp b.
8. Thit k t phn phi v t t b cho phn xng SCCK.
NG VN MNH - LP H THNG IN - K4 - UB 98
2
VNG BI
CHNG II:
XC NH PH TI TNH TON
2.1. T VN :
Ph ti tnh ton l ph ti gi thit lu di khng i, tng ng
vi ph ti thc t. (bin i) v mt hiu qu pht nhit hoc mc hu
cch in. Ni cch khc, ph ti tnh ton cng t nng thit b nn ti
nhit tng ng nh ph ti thc t gy ra, v vy chn cc thit b
theo ph ti tnh ton s m an ton cho thit b v mt pht nng.
Ph ti tnh ton c s dng la chn v kim tra cc thit b
trong h thng cung cp nh: my bin p, dy dn, cc thit b ng ct,
bo v,...Tnh ton tn tht trong cng sut, tn tht in nng, tn tht in
p; la chn cng sut phn khng, ...Ph ti tnh ton ph thuc vo nhiu
yu t nh: cng sut, s lng, ch lm vic ca cc thit b in, trnh
v phng thc vn hnh h thng...Nu ph ti tnh ton xc nh c
nh hn ph ti thc t th s lm gim tui th ca thit b in c kh
nng dn n s c, chy n,... Ngc li, cc thit b c la chn s d
tha cng sut lm ng vn u t, gia tng tn tht,...Cng v vy c
nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton,
song cho n nay vn cha c phng php no tht hon thin. Nhng
phng php cho kt qu tin cy th li qu phc tp, khi lng tnh
ton v nhng thng tin ban u i hi qu ln v ngc li. C th a ra
y mt s phng php thng c s dng nhiu hn c xc nh ph
ti tnh ton khi qui hoch v thit k cc h thng cung cp in:
1. Phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton (PTTT) theo cng sut
t v h s nhu cu.
Ptt = Knc.Pd
Trong :
Knc-h s nhu cu, tra trong s tay k thut,
Pd -cng sut t ca thit b hoc nhm thit b, trong tnh ton c th xem
gn ng PdPdm, [kW].
2. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo h s hnh dng ca th ph ti
v cng sut trung bnh:
Ptt = Khd.Ptb
Trong :
Khd- h s hnh dng ca th ph ti, tra trong s tay k thut,
Ptb- cng sut trung bnh ca thit b hoc nhm thit b, [kW].
3
VNG BI
p (t ) dt A
P = 0
=
tb t t
3. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo cng sut trung bnh v lch

ca th ph ti khi gi tr trung bnh:
Ptt = Ptb
Trong :
Ptb - Cng sut t ca thit b hoc nhm thit b, (kW)
- lch ca th ph ti khi gi tr trung bnh.
- H s tn x ca .
4. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i:
Ptt = Kmax.Ptb = Kmax.Ksd.Pm
Trong :
Ptb - Cng sut trung bnh ca thit b hoc nhm thit b, (kW)
Kmax- h s cc i, tra trong s tay k thut,
Kmax= f (nhq, Ksd)
Ksd - h s s dng, tra trong s tay k thut,
nhq - s thit b dng in hiu qu.
5. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo sut tiu hao in nng cho mt
n v sn phm:
a0M
Ptt =
Tmax
Trong :
a0 - sut chi ph in nng cho mt n v sn phm, (kWh/dvsp).
M - s sn phm sn xut c trong nm,
Tmax- thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht, (h).
6. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo sut trang b in trn n v in
tch:
Ptt = p0.F
Trong :
p0- sut trang b in trn mt n v in tch, (W/m2)
F - din tch b tr thit b, (m2).
7. Phng php tnh trc tip tng hp cc phng php trn, thng
oc s dng tnh ton cho cc ph ti mang tnh tng hp
Trong cc phng php trn, 3 phng php 1, 5 v 6 da trn kinh
nghim thit k v vn hnh xc nh PTTT nn ch cho cc kt qu gn
4
VNG BI
ng tuy nhin chng kh n gin v tin li. Cc phng php cn li

c xy dng trn c s l thuyt xc sut thng kt c xt n nhiu yu
t do d c kt qu chnh xc hn nhng khi lng tnh ton ln v phc
tp.
Tu theo yu cu tnh ton v nhng thng tin c th c c v ph ti,
ngi thit k c th la chn cc phng php thch hp xc nh
PTTT.
Trong n ny vi phn xng Sa cha c kh ta bit v tr, cng
sut t v ch lm vic ca tng thit b trong phn xng nn khi tnh
ton ph ti ng lc ca phn xng c th s dng phng php xc nh
ph ti tnh ton theo cng sut trung bnh v h s cc i. Cc phn xng
cn li do ch bit din tch v cng sut t nn xc nh ph ti ng
lc ca cc phn xng ny ta p dng phng php tnh theo cng sut t
v h s nhu cu. Ph ti chiu sng ca cc phn xng c xc nh theo
phng php sut chiu sng trn mt n v din tch sn xut.
2.2.XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA PHN XNG SA

CHA C KH:
Phn xng Sa cha c kh l phn xng s 6 trong s mt bng
nh my. Phn xng c din tch b tr thit b l 1875 m2. Trong phn
xng c 53 thit b, cng sut ca cc thit b rt khc nhau, thit b c
cng sut ln nht l 10 kW ( my tin ren) song c nhng thit b c cng
sut rt nh (< 0.6 kW). Phn ln cc thit b c ch lm vic di hn,
ch c my bin p hn l c ch ngn hn lp li. Nhng c im ny
cn c quan tm khi phn nhm ph ti, xc nh ph ti tnh ton v la
chn phng n thit k cung cp in cho phn xng.
2.2.1. Gii thiu phng php xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo cng
sut trung bnh Ptbv h s cc i kmax (cn gi l phng php s
thit b dng in hiu qu nhq):
theo phng php ny ph ti tnh ton c xc nh theo biu thc:
n
Ptt = kmax.ksd. Pdmt
1=1
Trong :
Pdmi- Cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i trong nhm,
n - S thit b trong nhm,
ksd - H s s dng, tra trong s tay k thut,
kmax- H s cc i, tra trong s tay k thut theo quan h kmax=f
(nhq,ksd),
nhq - s thit b dng in hiu qu.
5
VNG BI
S thit b dng in hiu qu nhq l s thit b c cng cng sut, cng

ch lm vic gy ra mt hiu qu pht nhit (hoc mc hu hoi
cch in) ng bng cc ph ti thc t (c cng sut v ch lm
vic c th khc nhau) gy ra trong qu trnh lm vic, nhq c xc
nh bng biu thc tng qut sau:
2 2
n n
nhq = Pdmi
i =1
(P )
i =1
dmi (lm trn s)
Trong :
Pdmi- cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i trong nhm,
n - s thit b trong nhm.
Khi n ln th vic xc nh nhq theo biu thc trn kh phin phc nn
ta c th xc nh nhq theo cc phng php gn ng vi sai s tnh ton
nm trong khong < + 10%.
Pdm max
a. Trng hp m = <3 v ksdp > 0,4, th nhq= n c ngha nhq chnh
Pdm min
bng s thit b trong nhm.

Ch nu trong nhm c n1 thit b m tng cng sut ca chng
khng ln hn 5% tng cng sut ca c nhm th: nhq= n- n1.
Trong :
Pdmmax- cng sut nh mc ca thit b c cng sut ln nht trong nhm.
Pdmmin- cng sut nh mc ca thit b c cng sut nh nht trong nhm.
Pdm max
b.Trng hp m = >3 v ksdp > 0,2, nhq s c xc nh theo biu
Pdm min
thc:
n
2. Pdmi
nhq = 1
<n
P dm max
c. Khi khng p dng c cc trng hp trn, vic xc nh nhq phi

c tin hnh theo trnh t:
n1 P1
Trc ht tnh: n* = P* =
n P
Trong : n - s thit b trong nhm,
n1 - s thit b c cng sut khng nh hn mt na cng sut
ca thit b c cng sut ln nht,
6
VNG BI
P v P1 - tng cng sut ca n v n1 thit b

Sau khi tnh c n* v P* tra theo s tay k thut ta tm c nhq*=f(n*,
P*), t tnh nhq theo cng th: nhq= nhq*.n
Khi xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php s thit b dng in
hiu qu nhq, trong mt s trng hp c th c th dng cc cng thc gn
ng sau:
* Nu n<3 v nhq <4, ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc:
n
Ptt= Pdmi
1=1
* Nu n>3 v nhq <4, ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc:

n
Ptt= ki .Pdmi
1=1
Trong : kti - h s ph ti ca thit b th "i". Nu khng c s liu

chnh xc, h s ph ti c th ly gn ng nh sau:
kti = 0.9 i vi thit b lm vic ch di hn,
kti = 0.75 i vi thit b lm vic ch ngn hn lp li,
* Nu n>300 v ksd > 0,5 ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc:
n
Ptt= 1,05.ksd . Pdmi
1=1
* i vi thit b c th ph ti bng phng (cc my bm, qut nn

kh,...)
n
Ptt=Ptb= k sd . Pdmi
1=1 .
* Nu trong mng c thit b mt pha cn phi phn phi u cc thit b
cho ba pha ca mng, trc khi xc nh nhq phi quy i cng sut ca cc
ph ti 1 pha v ph ti 3 pha tng ng:
Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p pha: Pqd = 3.Ppha max
Nu thit b 1 pha u vo in p dy: Pqd = 3. Ppha max
* Nu trong nhm c thit b tiu th in lm vic ch ngn hn
lp li th phi quy i v ch di hn trc khi xc nh nhq theo cng
thc:
Ptb= dm .Pdm
Trong :m - h s ng in tng i phn trm, cho trong l lch
my.
2.2.2.Trnh t xc nh ph ti tnh ton theo phng php Ptb v
kmax:
7
VNG BI
1. Phn nhm ph ti:

Trong mt phn xng thng c nhiu thit b c cng sut v ch
lm vic khc nhau, mun xc nh ph ti tnh ton c chnh xc cn
phi phn nhm thit b in. Vic phn nhm thit b in cn tun theo
cc nguyn tc sau:
* Cc thit b trong cng mt nhm nn gn nhau gim chiu di
ng dy h p nh vy c th tit kim c vn u t v tn tht trn
cc ng dy h p trong phn xng:
* Ch lm vic ca cc thit b trong cng mt nhm nn gn nhau
gim chiu di ng dy h p nh vy c th tit kim c vn u t
v cc tn tht trn cc ng dy h p trong phn xng.
* Ch lm vic ca cc thit b trong cng mt nhm nn ging
nhau vic xc inh PTTT c chnh xc hn v thun li cho vic la
chn phng thc cung cp in cho nhm.
* Tng cng sut cc nhm nn xp x nhau gim chng loi t ng
lc cn dng trong phn xng v ton nh my. S thit b trong mt nhm
cng khng nn qu nhiu bi s u ra ca cc t ng lc thng
< (812)
Tuy nhin thng th rt kh tho mn cng mt lc c ba nguyn tc
trn phi do vy ngi thit k cn phi la chn cch phn nhm sao cho
hp l nht da theo nguyn tc phn nhm ph ti in nu trn v
cn c vo v tr, cng sut ca cc thit b b tr trn mt bng phn xng,
c th chia cc thit b trong phn xng sa cha c kh thnh 4 nhm. Kt
qu phn nhm ph ti in c trnh by trong bng 2.1.
BNG 2.1- TNG HP KT QU PHN NHM PH TI IN.

S K HIU TRN PM (KW) IDM
TT TN THIT B
LNG MT BNG 1MY TON B (A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
NHM I
1 My tin ren 4 1 10 40 4*25,32
2 My tin ren 4 2 10 40 4*25,32
3 My doa to 1 3 4,5 4,5 11,4
4 My doa ngang 1 4 4,5 4,5 11,4
8
VNG BI
Cng nhm I: 10 89 225,36

NHM II
5 My phay vn nng 2 5 7,0 14 2*17,73
6 My phay ngang 1 6 4,5 4,5 11,4
7 My phay chp hnh 1 7 5,62 5,62 14,2
8 My phay ng 2 8 7,0 14 2*17,73
9 My phay chp hnh 1 9 1,7 1,7 4,3
10 My phay chp hnh 1 10 0,6 0,6 1,52
11 My phay chp hnh 1 11 3,0 3,0 7,6
12 My bo ngang 2 12 7,0 14 2*17,73
13 My bo gng1 tr 1 13 10,0 10 25,32
14 My xc 2 14 7,0 14 17,73
15 My khoan hng tm 1 15 4,5 4,5 11,4
16 My khoan ng 1 16 4,5 4,5 11,4
Cng nhm II: 16 90,42 211,25
NHM III
17 My mi trn 1 17 7,0 7,0 17,73
18 My mi trn vn nng 1 18 2,8 2,8 7,09
19 M.mi phng trc ng 1 19 10,0 10,0 25,32
20 M.mi phng trc nm 1 20 2,8 2,8 7,09
21 My p thu lc 1 21 4,5 4,5 11,4
22 my khoan bn 1 22 0,65 0,65 1,65
23 My mi sc 2 23 2,8 5,6 7,09
24 My ra 1 27 1,0 1,0 2,53
My mi sc cc dao
25 1 28 2,8 2,8 7,09
ct gt
Cng nhm III: 10 - - 37,15 86,99
NHM IV
26 My tin ren 2 1 7,0 14 2*17,73
27 My tin ren 2 2 4,5 9 2*11,4
28 My tin ren 2 3 3,2 6,4 2*8.1
29 My tin ren 2 4 10 20 2*25,32
9
VNG BI
30 My khoan ng 1 5 2,8 2,8 7,09

31 My khoan ng 1 6 7,0 7 17,73
32 My phay vn nng 1 7 4,5 4,5 11,4
33 My bo ngang 1 8 5,8 5,8 15,1
34 My mi trn vn nng 1 9 2,8 2,8 7,09
35 My mi phng 1 10 4,0 4,0 10,13
36 My ca 1 11 2,8 2,8 7,09
38 My mi 2 pha 1 12 2,8 2,8 7,0
39 My khoan bn 1 13 0,65 0,65 1,65
Cng nhm IV: 17 - - 82,55 209,47
2. Xc nh ph ti tnh ton ca cc nhm ph ti:
a. Tnh ton cho nhm 1: S liu ph ti ca nhm 1 cho trong bng 2.2.
Bng 2.2 - Danh sch thit b thuc nhm 1.

TT TN THIT B S K HIU TR PM (KW) IDM
1 My tin ren 4 1 10 40 4*25,32

2 My tin ren 4 2 10 40 4* 25,32
3 My doa to 1 3 4,5 4,5 11,4
4 My doa ngang 1 4 4,5 4,5 11,4
Tra bng PL1.1 (TL1) tm c ksd= 0,16; cos= 0,6 ta c:

n = 10; n1= 8
n1 8 P1 40 + 40
n*= = = 0,8 P*= = = 0,89
n 10 P 89
Tra bng PL1.4 (TL1) tm c nhq*= 0,89

S thit b s dng hiu qu nhq= nhq*.n= 0,89.10 = 8,9
Tra bng PL1.5 (TL1.5 (TL.1) vi ksd = 0,16 v nhq = 9 tm c kmax = 2,2
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm I:
n
Ptt = kmax.ksd. Pdmt =0,16 . 2,2 . 89 = 31,32 kW
1=1
10
VNG BI
Qtt = Ptt. tg = 31,32. 1,33 = 41,66 kVAr

Ptt 31,2
Stt= = = 52,2 kVA
cos 0,6
Sn 52,2
Itt = = = 79,3 A
U 3 0,38. 3
n 1
In= Ik max+ kt. I tti = 5 x 25,32 + 0,8 x 75,5 = 187 A
1
Trong : Ikd max - dng in khi ng ca thit b c dng in khi ng

ln nht trong nhm; kdt - h s ng thi, y ly kdt = 0,8.
b.Tnh ton cho nhm 2: S liu ph ti ca nhm 2 cho trong bng 2.3.
Tra bng PL1.1 (TL1) tm c kst= 0,16; cos= 0,6 ta c:
n = 16; n1=10
n1 10
n*= = = 0,625
n 16
P 5,62 + 14 + 14 + 10 + 14 + 14 71,62
P* = 1 = = = 0,792
P 90,42 90,42
S thit b s dng hiu qu nhq= nhq*.n= 0,81x16 = 12,96
Tra bng PL1.5 (TL1.1 (TL.1) vi ksd = 0,16 v nhq = 13tm c kmax= 1,96
Bng 2.3 - Danh sch cc thit b thuc nhm II

TT TN THIT B
5 My phay vn nng 2 5 7,0 14 2*17,73

6 My phay ngang 1 6 4,5 4,5 11,4
7 My phay chp hnh 1 7 5,62 5,62 14,2
8 My phay ng 2 8 7,0 14 2*17,73
9 My phay chp hnh 1 9 1,7 1,7 4,3
10 My phay chp hnh 1 10 0,6 0,6 1,52
11 My phay chp hnh 1 11 3,0 3,0 7,6
12 My bo ngang 2 12 7,0 14 2*17,73
11
VNG BI
13 My bo ngang 1 tr 1 13 10,0 10 25,32

14 My xc 2 14 7,0 14 2*17,73
15 My khoan hng tm 1 15 4,5 4,5 11,4
16 My khoan ng 1 16 4,5 4,5 11,4
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm II:

n
Ptt = kmax.ksd. Pdmt = 0,16. 1,96. 90,42 = 28,36 kW
1=1
Qtt = Ptt. tg = 28,36. 1,33 = 37,71 kVAr

Ptt 37,1
Stt= = = 61,83 kVA
cos 0,6
Stt 61,83
Itt = = = 93,97 A
U 3 0,38. 3
n 1
In= Ik max+ kt. I tti = 5 x 25,32 + 0,8 x 90,172 = 198,74 A
1
c.Tnh ton cho nhm 3: S liu ph ti ca nhm 3 cho trong bng 2.4.
Tra bng PL1.1 (TL1) tm c ksd= 0,16; cos = 0,6 ta c:
n = 10; n1= 2
n1 2
n*= = = 0,2
n 10
P 7 + 10
P* = 1 = = 0,45
P 37,15
S thit b s dng hiu qu nhq= nhq*.n= 0,69 . 10 = 6,9
Tra bng PL1.5 (TL1.1) vi ksd = 0,16 v nhq = 7 tm c kmax = 2,48
Bng 2.4 - Danh sch cc thit b thuc nhm III

TT TN THIT B
17 My mi trn 1 17 7,0 7,0 17,73
18 My mi trn vn nng 1 18 2,8 2,8 7,09
19 M.mi phng trc ng 1 19 10,0 10,0 25,32
20 M.mi phng trc nm 1 20 2,8 2,8 7,09
12
VNG BI
21 My p thu lc 1 21 4,5 4,5 11,4

22 my khoan bn 1 22 0,65 0,65 1,65
23 My mi sc 2 23 2,8 5,6 7,09
24 My ra 1 27 1,0 1,0 2,53
25 My mi sc cc dao
ct gt 1 28 2,8 2,8 7,09
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm III:

n
Ptt = kmax.ksd. Pdmt =0,16 . 2,48 . 37,15 = 14,74 kW
1=1
Qtt = Ptt. tg = 14,74. 1,33 = 19,6 kVAr

Ptt 14,74
Stt= = = 24,57 kVA
cos 0,6
Sn 24,87
Itt = = = 37,34 A
U 3 0,38. 3
n 1
1
d.Tnh ton cho nhm 4: S liu ph ti ca nhm 4 cho trong bng 2.5.
Tra bng (TL1) tm c ksd= 0,16; cos = 0,6 ta c:
n = 17; n1= 6
n1 6
n*= = = 0,35
n 17
P 14 + 7 + 20 + 5,8
P*= 1 = = 0,567
P 82,55
Bng 2.5 - Danh sch cc thit b thuc nhm IV
K HIU PM (KW)
S IDM
TT TN THIT B TRN MT
LNG
BNG 1MY TON B (A)
1 My tin ren 2 1 7.0 14 2*17,73

2 My tin ren 2 2 4.5 9 2*11,4
3 My tin ren 2 3 3.2 6.4 2*8,1
4 My tin ren 2 4 10 20 2*25,32
5 My khoan ng 1 5 2.8 2.8 7,09
6 My khoan ng 1 6 7,0 7 17,73
13
VNG BI
7 My phay vn nng 1 7 4,5 4,5 11,4

8 My bo ngang 1 8 5,8 5,8 15,1
9 My mi trn vn nng 1 9 2,8 2,8 7,09
10 My mi phng 1 10 4,0 4,0 10,13
11 My ca 1 11 2,8 2,8 7,09
12 My mi 2 pha 1 12 2,8 2,8 7,0
13 My khoan bn 1 13 0,65 0,65 1,65
Cng nhm IV: 17 - - 82,55 209,47

S thit b s dng hiu qu nhq= nhq*.n= 0,81 . 17 = 13,77
Tra bng PL1.5 (TL1.1 (TL.1) vi ksd = 0,16 v nhq = 14 tm c kmax =
1,85
Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm IV:
n
Ptt= k tt .Pdmi =1,85. 0,16 . 82,55 = 24,43 kW
1=1
Qtt = Ptt. tg = 32,49 kVAr

Ptt Sn 40,72
Stt= = 40,72 kVA Itt = = = 61,89 A
cos U 3 0,38. 3
n 1
1
3. TNH TON PH TI CHIU SNG CA PHN XNG SCCK:

Ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng c xc nh theo phng php
chiu sng trn 1 n v din tch:
Pcs= p0. F
Trong ;
p0 - Sut chiu sng trn 1 n v din tch chiu sng (W/m2)
F - Din tch c chiu sng (m2).
Trong phn xng SCCK h thng chiu sng s dng n si t, tra
bng PL1. (TL1) ta tm c p0 = 14 (W/m2) = 0,014 (kW/m2)
F = 1875 m2
Ph ti chiu sng ca phn xng:
Pcs= p0. F = 0,014 . 1875 = 26,25 kW
Qcs= Pcs. tgcs = 0 (n si t c coscs=1)
4. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA TON PHN XNG:
14
VNG BI
+ Ph ti tc dng ca phn xng:

6
Ppx = kdt. Pttn = 0,8. ( 31,32 + 28,36 + 14,74 + 24,43) = 79,08 kW
1=1
Trong : kdt - h s ng thi ca ton phn xng, ly kt = 0,8.

+ Ph ti phn khng ca phn xng:
6
Qpx = kdt. Pttn = 0,8. ( 41,66 + 37,71 + 19,6 + 32,49 ) = 105,168 kVAr
1=1
+ Ph ti ton phn ca ton phn xng k c chiu sng:
Sttpx= ( Ppx + Pcs ) 2 + Q 2 px = (79,08 + 26,25)2 + 105,168 2 =148,84 kVA

Stt 148,84
Ittpx = = = 226,21 A
U 3 0,38 3
P 79,08 + 26,25
cospx = ttpx = = 0,71
S ttpx 148,84
2.3. XC NH PH TI TNH TON CHO CC PHN XNG CN LI:
Do ch bit trc cng sut t v din tch ca ccphn xng nn
y s s dng phng php xc nh PTTT theo cng sut t v h s nhu
cu.
2.3.1. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo cng sut t v h s nhu
cu:
Theo phng php ny PTTT ca phn xng c xc nh theo cc
biu thc :
n
Ptt = knc. Pi
1=1
Ptt
Qtt = Ptt. tg Stt = Ptt2 + Q 2tt =
cos
mt cch gn ng c th ly Pd = Pdm , do
n
Ptt = knc. Pdmi
1=1
Trong :
Pi , Pmi - cng sut t v cng sut nh mc ca thit b th i,
Ptt , Qtt , Stt - cng sut tc dng, phn khng v ton phn tnh ton ca
nhm thit b,
n - s thit b trong nhm,
knc - h s nhu cu tra trong s tay k thut.
Nu h s cng sut ca cc thit b trong nhm sai khc nhau khng
nhiu th cho php s dng h s cng sut trung bnh tnh ton:
15
VNG BI
P1 . cos 1 + P2 . cos 2 + .. + Pn . cos n

costb =
P1 + P2 + ... + Pn
2.3.2. Xc nh PTTT ca cc phn xng:

1. Phng Th nghim
Cng sut t:120 kW
Din tch:8430 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi Phng th nghim ta tm c knc = 0,8;cos =
0,8
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,02 kW/m2, y ta s
dng n si t nn c coscs = 1.
* Cng sut tnh ton ng lc:
Pl = knc . P = 0.8 .x 120 = 96 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 96 .x 0,75 = 72 kVAr
* Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng:
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,02 x 8430 = 168,6 kW
Qcs = Pcs . tgcs = 0
* Cng sut tnh ton tc dng ca phn xng:
Ptt =Ptt + Pcs = 96 + 168,6 = 264,6 kW
* Cng sut tnh ton phn khng ca phn xng:
Qtt = Qi + Qcs = 72 kVAr
* Cng sut tnh ton ton phn ca phn xng:
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 264,6 2 + 72 2 = 274,22 kVA
S tt 274,22
Itt = = = 416,75 A
U 3 0,658
2. Phn xng s 1:
Cng sut t: 3500 kW
Din tch: 14600 m2
Tra bng PL.3 (TL1) vi Phn xng s 1 ta tm c knc = 0,3; cos = 0,6.
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,014 kW/m2, y
ta s dng n si t nn c coscs = 1.
Pl = knc . P = 0,3 x 3500 = 1050 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 1050 x 1,33 = 1396,5 kVAr
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,014 x 14600 = 204,4kW
16
VNG BI

Ptt =Pi + Pcs = 1050 + 204,4 = 1254,4 kW
Qtt = Ql = 1396,5 kV Ar
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 1254,42 + 1396,52 = 1877,16 kVA
S tt 1877,16
Itt = = = 2852,83 A
U 3 0,658
3. Phn xng s 2:
Cng sut t: 4000 kW
Din tch:13350 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi Phn xng s 2 ta tm c knc = 0,3, cos
= 0,6
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,014 kW/m2
y ta s dng n si t nn c coscs = 1.
Pl = knc . P = 0,3 x 4000 = 1200 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 1200 x 1,33 = 1596 kVAr
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,014 x 13350 = 186,9 kW
Ptt =Pi + Pcs = 1200 + 186,9 = 1386,9 kW
Qtt = Ql = 1596 kVAr
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 1386,92 + 15962 = 2114,4 kVA
S tt 2114,4
Itt = = = 3197,8 A
U 3 0.658
4. Phn xng S 3;
Cng sut t: 3000 kW
Din tch: 11250 m2
= 0,6
17
VNG BI

Pl = knc . P = 0,3 x 3000 = 900 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 900 x 1,33 = 1197 kVAr
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,014 x 11250 = 157,5 kW
Ptt =Pl + Pcs = 900 + 157,5 = 1057,5 kW
Qtt = Qi = 1197 kV Ar
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 1057,52 + 11972 = 1597,22 kVA
S tt 1597,22
Itt = = = 2427,388 A
U 3 0,658
5. Phn xng S 4:
Cng sut t: 2500 kW
Din tch: 8550 m2
= 0,6
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,014 kW/m2,
y ta s dng n si t nn c coscs = 1.
Pl = knc . P = 0,3 x 2500 = 750 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 750 x 1,33 = 997,5 kV Ar
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,014 x 8550 = 119,7 kW
Ptt =Pl + Pcs = 750 + 119,7 = 869,7 kW
Qtt = Qi = 997,5 kV Ar
18
VNG BI
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 869,7 2 + 997,52 = 1323,399 kVA
S tt 1323,399
Itt = = = 2011,24 A
U 3 0,658
7. L Ga:
Cng sut t: 400 kW
Din tch: 2530 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi L Ga ta tm c knc = 0,6, cos = 0,8
Pl = knc . P = 0,6 x 400 = 240 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 240 x 0,75 = 180 kVAr
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,015 .x 2530 = 37,95 kW
Ptt =Pl + Pcs = 240 + 37,95 = 277,95 kW
Qtt = Qi = 180 kVAr
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 277,952 + 1802 = 331,14 kVA
S tt S tt 331,14
Itt = = = = 503,29 A
U 3 U 3 0,658
8. Phn xng Rn:

Cng sut t: 1600 kW
Din tch: 7870 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi phn xng Rn ta tm c knc = 0,5,
cos = 0,6
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,015kW/m2, y
Pl = knc . P = 0,5 x 1600 = 800 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 800 x 1,33 = 1064 kVAr
19
VNG BI

Pcs = p0 . S = 0,015 x 7870 = 118,05 kW
Ptt =Pi + Pcs = 800 + 118,05 = 918,05 kW
Qtt = Qi = 1064 kVAr
2
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 918,052 + 1064 = 1405,32 kVA
S tt 1405,32
Itt = = = 2135,74 A
U 3 0,658
9. B phn Nn p:
Cng sut t: 600 kW
Din tch: 1570 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi B phn Nn p ta tm c knc = 0,6, cos = 0,8
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,01 kW/m2, y ta
s dng n si t nn c coscs = 1.
Pl = knc . P = 0,6 x 600 = 360 kW
Ql = Pl . tg = 360 x 0,75 = 270 kV Ar
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,01 x 1570 = 15,7 kW
Ptt =Pi + Pcs = 360 + 15,7 = 375,7 kW
Qtt = Qi = 270 kVAr
2
Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 375,7 2 + 270 = 462,66 kVA
S tt 462,66
Itt = = = 703,12 A.
U 3 0,658
10. Trm bm:
20
VNG BI
Cng sut t: 200 kW

Din tch: 3030 m2
Tra bng PL1.3 (TL1) vi trm bm tm c knc = 0,8, cos = 0,85
Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,015 kW/m2, y ta
s dng n hunh quang nn c coscs = 0,85.
Pl = knc . P = 0,8 x 200 = 160 kW
Ql = Pi . tg = 160 x 0,62 = 99,2 kVAr
Pcs = p0 . S = 0,015 x 3030 = 45,45 kW
Qcs =Pcs. tgcs=45,45.0,62=28,17KVAr
Ptt =Pl+ Pcs = 160 + 45,45 = 205,45 kW
Qtt = Ql +Qcs = 99,2+28,17=127,37 kVAr
2
Stt = Pn2 + Q 2n = 205,45 2 + 127,37 = 228,145 kVA
S tt 228,145
Itt = = = 346,725 A
U 3 0,658
Kt qu xc nh PTTT ca cc phn xng c trnh by trong bng 2.9.
BNG 2.9 - PH TI TNH TON CA CC PHN XNG
P0
S P PL PCS PTT QTT STT ITT
TN KNC COS W
TT (KW) (kW) (kW) (kW) (kVAR) (kVA) A
PHN XNG m
1 Phng th nghim 120 0,8 0,8 20 96 186,6 264,6 72 274,22 416,75

2 Phn xng s 1 3500 0,3 0,6 14 1050 204,4 1254,4 1396,5 1877,16 2852,83
3 Phn xng s 2 4000 0,3 0,6 14 1200 186,9 1386,9 1596 2114,4 3213,38
4 Phn xng s 3 3000 0,3 0,6 14 900 157,5 1057,5 1197 1597,22 2427,388
5 Phn xng s 4 2500 0,3 0,6 14 750 119,7 869,7 997,5 1323,399 2011,24
6 P.xng SC c kh 0,3 0,6 14 79,08 26,25 105,33 105,168 148,84 226,21
7 L ga 400 0,6 0,8 15 240 37,955 277,95 180 331,14 503,29
8 Phn xng Rn 1600 0,5 0,6 15 800 118,05 918,05 1064 1405,32 2135,74
21
VNG BI
9 B phn Nn p 600 0,6 0,8 10 360 15,7 375,7 270 462,66 703,12
10 Trm bm 200 0,8 0,85 15 160 45,45 205,45 127,37 228,145 346,725
Tng cng 6715,58 6997,37 9762,5 14836,67
2.4 XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA NH MY:

- PTTT tc dng ca ton nh my
10
Pttnm = kdt. Ptti
1=1
Trong :
kdt - h s ng thi ly bng 0,8
Pttnm = 0,8 x 6715,58 = 5372,4 kW
- PTTT phn khng ca ton nh my:
10
Qttnm = kdt. Qtti
1=1
Qttnm = 0,8 x 6997,37 = 5597,89 kVAr

- Ph ti tnh ton ton phn ca nh my:
Sttnm = 5372,4 2 + 5597,89 2 = 7758,81 kVA
- H s cng sut ca ton nh my:
Ptnm 5372,4
cosnm = = = 0,7
S ttnm 7758,81
*2.5. Xc nh tm ph ti in v v biu ph ti:
2.5.1. Tm ph ti in:
Tm ph ti in l im tho mn iu kin m men ph ti t gi tr
n
cc tiu P l
1
i i min
Trong :
Pi v li - cng sut v khong cch ca ph ti th i n tm ph ti.
xc nh to ca tm ph ti in c th s dng cc biu thc sau:
n n n
Sixi Si yi S z i i
x0 = 1
n
; y0 = 1
n
; z0 = 1
n
S i S 1
i S 1
i
1
Trong :
x0 ; y0 ; z0 - to ca tm ph ti in,
xi ; yi ; zi - to ca tm ph ti th i theo mt h trc to XYZ tu
chn,
22
VNG BI
Si - cng sut ca ph ti th i.
Trong thc t thng t quan tm n to z. Tm ph ti in l v tr
tt nht t cc trm bin p, trm phn phi, t phn phi nhm mc
ch tit kim chi ph cho dy dn v gim tn tht trn li in.
2.5.2. Biu ph ti in:
Biu ph ti in l mt vng trn v trn mt phng, c tm tm
trng vi tm ca ph ti in, c din tch tng ng vi cng sut ca ph
ti theo t l xch no tu chn. Biu ph ti cho php ngi thit k
hnh dung c s phn b ph ti trong phm vi khu vc cn thit k, t
c c s lp cc phng n cung cp in. Biu ph ti c chia
thnh 2 phn: phn ph ti ng lc ( phn hnh qut gch cho ) v phn
ph ti chiu sng ( phn hnh qut trng ).
v c biu ph ti cho cc phn xng, ta coi ph ti ca cc
phn xng phn b u theo din tch phn xng nn tm ph ti c th
ly trng vi tm hnh hc ca phn xng trn mt bng.
Bn knh vng trn biu ph ti c xc nh qua biu thc:
S1
R1 = , trong m l t l thc, y chn m = 3 kVA/mm2
m.
Gc ca ph ti chiu sng nm trong biu c xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
360.Pcs
cs =
Ptt
Kt qu tnh ton Ri v csi ca biu thc ph ti cc phn xng

c ghi trong bng 2.10.
BNG 2.10 - KT QU XC NH RI V csi CHO CC PHN XNG
S TN TM PH TI
PCS PTT STT R
TT PHN XNG CS
0
(kW) (kW) (kVA) X (mm) Y (mm) (mm)
1 Phng th nghim 168,6 264,6 274,22 0,5 3,5 5,4 229,39

2 Phn xng s 1 204,4 1254,4 1877,16 2,3 1,5 14,12 58,66
3 Phn xng s 2 186,9 1386,9 2114,4 2,3 5 15 48,5
4 Phn xng s 3 157,5 1057,5 1597,22 4,3 1,5 13 53,6
5 Phn xng s 4 119,7 869,7 1323,399 4,5 5 11,85 49,55
6 P.xng SC c kh 26,25 105,33 148,84 5,8 1 3,98 89,5
7 L ga 37,95 277,95 331,14 6,7 0,9 5,43 49,15
8 Phn xng Rn 118,05 918,05 1405,32 6,8 3,4 12,2 46,29
23
VNG BI
9 B phn Nn p 15,7 375,7 462,66 6,6 5,2 7 15

10 Trm bm 45,45 205,45 228,145 9 2,6 4,9 79,64
274,22.0,5 + 1877,16.2,3 + 2114,4.2,3 + 1597,22.4,3 + 1323,399.4,5 + 148,84.5,8

x0 = +
9762,5
331,14.6,7 + 1405,32.6,8 + 462,66.6,6 + 228,145.9
+ = 4,08
9762,5
274,22.3,5 + 1877,16.1,5 + 2114,4.5 + 1597,22.1,5 + 1323,399.5 + 184,84.1
y0 = +
9762,5
331,14.0,9 + 1405,32.3,4 + 462,66.5,2 + 228,145.2,6
+ = 3,235
9762,5
Vy tm ph ti ton nh my l:M(4.08; 3.23)
CHNG III.
THIT K MNG IN CAO P CA NH MY
* 3.1 T VN :
Vic la chn s cung cp in nh hng rt ln n cc ch tiu
kinh t v k thut ca h thng. Mt s cung cp in c coi l hp l
phi tho mn nhng yu cu c bn sau:
1. m bo cc ch tiu k thut.
2. m bo tin cy cung cp in
3. Thun tin v linh hot trong vn hnh
4. An ton cho ngi v thit b
5. D dng pht trin p ng yu cu tng trng ca ph ti in.
6. m bo cc ch tiu v mt kinh t.
Trnh t tnh ton thit k mng in cao p cho nh my bao gm cc
bc:
1. Vch cc phng n cung cp in.
2. La chn v tr, s lng, dung lng ca cc trm bin p v la chn
chng loi, tit din cc ng dy cho cc phng n.
3. Tnh ton kinh t - k thut la chn phng n hp l.
24
VNG BI
4. Thit k chi tit cho phng n c chn.

* 3.2 VCH CC PHNG N CUNG CP IN:
Trc khi vch ra cc phng n c th cn la chn cp in p hp l
cho ng dy ti in t h thng v nh my. Biu thc kinh nghim
la chn cp in p truyn ti:
U = 4,34. l + 0,016.P (kV)
Trong :
P - cng sut tnh ton ca nh my (kW)
l - khong cch t trm bin p trung gian v nh my (km)
Nh vy cp in p hp l truyn ti in nng v nh my s l:
U = 4,34. 15 + 0,016.5372,4 = 43,61 (kV)
Trm bin p trung gian c cc cp in p ra l 22 kV v 6 kV. T kt
qu tnh ton ta chn cp in p cung cp cho nh my l 22 kV.
Cn c vo v tr, cng sut v yu cu cung cp in ca cc phn
xng c th a ra cc phng php cung cp in:
3.2.1. Phng n v cc trm bin p phn xng:

Cc trm bin p (TBA) c la chn da trn cc nguyn tc sau:
1. V tr t TBA, phi tho mn cc yu cu gn tm ph ti : thun tin
cho vic vn chuyn, lp t, vn hnh, sa cha my bin p; an ton v
kinh t.
2. S lng my bin p (MBA) t trong cc TBA c la chn vo
cn c vo yu cu cung cp in ca ph ti: iu kin vn chuyn v lp
t; ch lm vic ca ph ti. Trong mi trng hp TBA ch t 1 MBA
s l kinh t v thun li cho vic vn hnh, song tin cy cung cp in
khng cao. Cc TBA cung cp cho h loi I v loi II ch nn t 2MBA, h
loi III c th t 1 MBA.
3. Dung lng cc MBA c chn theo iu kin:
n . khc . SdmB > Stt
v kim tra theo iu kin s c mt MBA (trong trm c nhiu hn 1
MBA):
(n-1) . khc . kqt . SdmB > Sttsc
Trong :
n - s my bin p c trong TBA,
khc - h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng, ta chn loi my bin p
ch to Vit Nam nn khng cn hiu chnh nhit , khc = 1,
kqt - h s qu ti s c, kqt = 1,4 nn tho mn iu kin MBA vn hnh
25
VNG BI
qu ti khng qu 5 ngy m, thi gian qu ti trong mt ngy m khng

qu 6h v trc khi qu ti MBA vn hnh vi h s ti < 0,93.
Sttsc - cng sut tnh ton s c. Khi s c mt MBA c th lot b 1 s
ph ti khng quan trng gim nh dung lng ca cc MBA, nh vy c
th gim nh c vn u t v tn tht ca trm trong trng thi lm vc
bnh thng. Gi thit trong cc h loi I c 30% l ph ti loi III nn
Sttsc = 0,7 . Stt.
ng thi cng cn hn ch chng loi MBA dng trong nh my to
iu kin thun li cho vic mua sm, lp t, vn hnh, sa cha, thay th.
1. Phng n 1: t 5 TBA phn xng:
* Trm bin p B1: cp in cho Phng th nghim v phn xng s 2,
trm t 2 my bin p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SdmB > Stt = 274,22 + 2114,4 = 2388,62 kVA
. S tt 2388,62
SdmB > = = 1194,31 kVA
2 2
Chn my bin p tiu chun Sdm = 1250 kVA.
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti s
c. Sttsc lc ny chnh l cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng s 2 sau khi ct
bt mt s ph ti khng cn thit trong phn xng, cn Phng th nghim
l ph ti loi III nn khi s c c th tm ngng cung cp in:
0,7. S tt 0,7.(2388,62 274,22)
SdmB > = = 1057,2 kVA
1,4 1,4
Vy trm bin p B1 t hai my Sdm = 1250 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B2: cp in cho phn xng s 1. Trm t hai my bin
p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SdmB > Stt = 1877,16 kVA
. S tt
SdmB > = 938,58 kVA
2
0,7. S tt 0,7.(1877,16 938,58)
SdmB > = = 938,58 kVA
1,4 1,4
26
VNG BI
L nh my to Vng bi d kin pht trin lu di v m rng ,nh vy

t hai my SmB = 1000 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B3: cp in cho phn xng s 3 v PXSCCK trm t 2
my bin p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SmB > Stt = 1597,22 + 148,84 =1746,06 kVA
. S tt 1746,06
SmB > = = 783,03 kVA
2 2
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti s c:
(n-1) . khc . kqt . SmB > Sttsc
0,7. S tt 0 , 7 .( 1746 , 06 148 ,84 )
SmB > = = 798 , 61 kVA
1,4 1, 4
Vy trm bin p TBA B2 t hai my Sdm = 1000 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B4: Cp in cho phn xng s 4, v B phn nn p,
n . khc . SdmB > Stt = 1323,399 + 462,66 = 1786,059 kVA
. S tt 1786,059
SdmB > = = 893,03 kVA
2 2
0,7. S tt 0 , 7 .(1786 , 059 462 , 66 )
SdmB > = = 661 , 699 kVA
1,4 1, 4
Vy trm bin p B4 t hai my Sm = 1000 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B5: Cp in cho phn xng Rn, L ga v Trm bm,
n . khc . SmB > Stt =331,14 + 1405,32 + 228,145 = 1964,605 kVA
. S tt 1964,605
SdmB > = = 982,3 kVA
2 2
Chn my bin p tiu chun Sm = 1000 kVA.
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti s c;
Sttsc lc ny chnh l cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng Rn sau khi ct
bt mt s ph ti khng cn thit trong phn xng, cn Trm bm l ph
ti loi III nn khi s c c th tm ngng cung cp in:
0,7. S tt 0 , 7 .(1964 , 605 228 ,142 )
SdmB > = = 868 , 23 kVA
1,4 1, 4
27
VNG BI
2. Phng n 2: t 6 TBA phn xng, trong :

* Trm bin p B1: cp in cho Phng th nghim v phn xng s 2,
trm t 2 my bin p lm vic song song
n . khc . SmB > Stt = 274,22 + 2114,4 = 2388,62 kVA
. S tt 2388,62
SdmB > = = 1194,31 kVA
2 2
Chn my bin p tiu chun Sm = 1250 kVA.
0,7. S tt 0,7.(2388,62 274,22)
SmB > = = 1057,2 kVA
1,4 1,4
Vy trm bin p B1 t hai my Sm = 1250 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B2: cp in cho phn xng s 1. Trm t hai my bin
p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SmB > Stt = 1877,16 kVA
. S tt
SmB > = 938,58 kVA
2
0,7. S tt 0,7.(1877,16 938,58)
SmB > = = 938,58 kVA
1,4 1,4
Vy TBA B2 t hai my SmB = 1000 kVA l hp l.
* Trm bin p B3: cp in cho phn xng s 3, trm t 2 my bin
p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SmB > Stt = 1597,22 kVA
. S tt 1597,22
SmB > = = 798,61 kVA
2 2
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti:
28
VNG BI
0,7. S tt 0,7.1597,22
SmB > = = 798,61 kVA
1,4 1,4
Vy trm bin p B3 t hai my Sm = 400 kVA l hp l
* Trm bin p B4: Cp in cho phn xng SCCK, L ga v Trm
bm, trm t 1 my bin p lm vic song song.
n . khc . SdmB > Stt = 148,84 + 331,14 + 228,145 = 708,125 kVA
. S tt 708,125
SdmB > = = 354,06 kVA
2 2
0,7. S tt 0,7.(708,125 148,84)
SdmB > = = 279,67 kVA
1,4 1,4
* Trm bin p B5: cp in cho phn xng s 4, trm t 2 my bin
p lm vic song song.
. S tt 1323,399
SdmB > = = 661,7 kVA
2 2
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti:
0,7. S tt 0,7.1597,22
SdmB > = = 798,61 kVA
1,4 1,4
Vy trm bin p B5 t hai my Sdm = 800 kVA l hp l
* Trm bin p B6: Cp in cho phn xng Rn v b phn Nn p.
Trm t 2 my bin p lm vic song song.
. S tt 1867,98
SdmB > = = 933,99 kVA
2 2
0,7. S tt 0,7.(1867,98 462,66)
SdmB > = = 702,66 kVA
1,4 1,4
3.2.2. Xc nh v tr t cc trm bin p phn xng:
29
VNG BI
Trong cc nh my thng s dng cc kiu TBA phn xng:

* Cc trm bin p cung cp in cho mt phn xng c th dng loi
lin k c mt tng ca trm chung vi tng ca phn xng nh vy tit
kim c vn xy dng v t nh hng n cng trnh khc.
* Trm lng cng c s dng cung cp in cho mt phn hoc
ton b mt phn xng v c chi ph u t thp. vn hnh, bo qun thun
li song v mt an ton khi c s c trong trm hoc phn xng khng cao.
* Trm bin p dng chung cho nhiu phn xng nn t gn tm ph
ti , nh vy c th a in p cao ti gn h tiu th v rt ngn kh nhiu
chiu di mng phn ph cao p ca x nghip cng nh mng h p phn
xng ,gim chi ph kim lai lm dy dn v gim tn tht . Cng v vy
nn dng trm c lp , tuy nhin vn u t xy dng trm s b gia tng.
Tu thuc vo iu kin c th c th la chn mt trong cc loi trm
bin p nu. m bo cho ngi cng nh thit b, m bo m quan
cng nghip y s s dng loi trm xy , t gn tm ph ti , gn cc
trc giao thng trong nh my , song cng cn tnh n kh nng pht trin
v m rng sn xut .
la chon c v tr cc TBA phn xng cn xc nh tm ph ti
ca cc phn xng hoc nhm phn xng c cung cp in t cc TBA
.
* Xc nh v tr t bin p B1 (phng n 1) cung cp in cho Phng
th nghim v phn xng c kh s 2.
n
S x 1 1
0,5.274,22 + 2,3.2114,4 5000,23
x01= i =1
= = = 2,09
n
274,22 + 2114,4 2388,62
S
i =1
1
S y 1 1
3,5.274,22 + 2114,4.1,5
y01= i =1
= = 4,82
n
274,22 + 2114,4
S
i =1
1
Cn c vo v tr ca cc nh xng ta t trm bin p B1 ti v tr

M1 (2,09 ;4,82)
i vi cc trm bin p phn xng khc, tnh ton tng t ta xc nh
c v tr t ph hp cho cc trm bin p phn xng trong phm vi nh
my.
V tr cc trm bin p phn xng c ghi trong bng 3.1.
V TR T
PHNG N TN TRM
X01 Y01
30
VNG BI
B1 2,09 4,82
B2 2,3 1,5
PHNG N 1 B3 4,44 1,45
B4 5,04 5,05
B5 7,03 3,75
B1 2,09 1,73
B2 2,3 1,5
B3 4,3 1,5
PHNG N 2
B4 4,5 5
B5 7,2 1,45
B6 6,75 3,85
3.2.3 Phng n cung cp in cho cc trm bin p phn xng:

1. Cc phng n cung cp in cho cc trm bin p phn xng
a. phng n s dng s dn su
a ng dy trung p 22kV vo su trong nh my n tn cc trm
bin p phn xng. Nh a trc tip in p cao vo cc trm bin p
phn xng s gim c vn u t xy dng trm bin p trung gian hoc
trm phn khi trung tm, gim c tn tht v nng cao nng lc truyn
ti ca mng. Tuy nhin nhc im ca s ny l tin cy cung cp
in khng cao, cc thit b s dng trong s gi thnh t v yu cu
trnh vn hnh phi rt cao n ch ph hp vi cc nh my c ph ti
ln v tp trung nn y ta khng xt n phng n ny.
b. Phng n s dng trm bin p trung gian (TBATG):
Ngun 22kV t h thng v qua TBATG c h xung in p 6kV
cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng. Nh vy s gim c vn u
t cho mng in cao p trong nh my cng nh cc TBA phn xng, vn
hnh thun li hn v tin cy cung cp in cng c ci thin , song
phi u t xy dng TBATG, gia tng tn tht trong mng cao p. Nu
s dng phng n ny v nh my c xp vo h loi 1 nn trm
TBATG phi t 2 my bin p vi cng sut c chn theo iu kin:
Khc. n.SmB Sttnm = 7758,81 kVA
S ttnm 7758,81
SmB > = = 3879,41 kVA
2 2
chn my bin p tiu chun Sm = 4000 kVA
31
VNG BI
Kim tra li dung lng my bin p chn theo iu kin qu ti s c

vi gi thit cc h loi I trong nh my u c 30% l ph ti loi III c th
tm ngng cung cp in khi cn thit:
0,7. S tt
SdmB > = 3879,41 kVA
1,4
Vy ti trm bin p trung gian s t hai my MBA 4000 kVA - 22/6 kV.
c. Phng n s dng trm phn phi trung tm (TPPTT) :
in nng t h thng cung cp cho cc trm bin p phn xng thng
qua TPPTT. Nh vy vic qun l , vn hnh mng in cao p ca nh my
s thun li hn tn tht trong mng gim, tin cy cuing cp in c
gia tng , song vn u t cho mng cng ln hn .Trong thc t y l
phng n thng c s dng khi in p ngun khng cao ( < 22kV) ,
cng sut cc phn xng tng i ln
2. Xc nh v tr t trm bin p trung gian , trm phn phi trung tm .
Da trn h trc to xOy chn c th xc nh c tm ph ti
in ca nh my :
n n
S1 y1 S y 1 1
x0= i =1
n
= 4,08 y0= i =1
n
= 3,235
S1
i =1
S1
i =1
Trong :
Si: cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng th i
xi, yi: to tm ph ti ca phn xng th i
Vy v tr tt nht t TBATG hoc TPPTT c to M(4,08 ; 3,235 )
3. La chn phng n ni dy ca mng cao p
Nh my thuc h loi mt , nn ng dy t trm bin p trung gian v
trung tm cung cp (trm bin p trung gian hoc trm phn phi trung tm)
ca nh my s l dng dy trn khng l kp
Do tnh cht quan trng ca cc phn xng nn mng cao p trong nh
my ta s dng s hnh tia, l kp. S ny c u im l s ni dy
r rng, cc trm bin p phn xng u c cp in t mt ng dy
ring nn t nh hng ln nhau, tin cy cung cp in tng i cao, d
thc hin cc bin php bo v, t ng ho v d vn hnh. m bo
m quan v an ton, cc ng dy cao p trong nh my u c t
trong ho cp xy dc theo cc tuyn giao thng ni b. T nhng phn
tch trn c th a ra 4 phng n thit k mng cao p c trnh by trn
hnh 3.1.
32
VNG BI
3.3 TNH TON KINH T - K THUT LA CHN PHNG N HP L:
so snh v la chn phng n hp l ta s dng hm chi ph tnh

ton Z v ch xt n nhng phn khc nhau trong phng n gim khi
lng tnh ton:
Z = (avh + atc)K + 3 l 2max Rc min
Trong :
avh - h s vn hnh, avh = 0,1;
atc - h s tiu chun, atc = 0,2;
K - vn u t cho trm bin p v ng dy;
Imax - dng in ln nht chy qua thit b;
R - in tr ca thit b;
- thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht;
c - gi tin 1kWh tn tht in nng, c = 1000 /kWh.
3.3.1. PHNG N I:
Phng n s dng trm bin p trung gian (TBATG) nhn c t
h thng v, h xung in p 6kV sau cung cp cho cc trm bin p
phn xng. Cc trm bin p B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, h in p 6kV xung
0,4kV cung cp in cho cc phn xng.
1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng
A trong cc TBA.
* Chn my bin p phn xng:
Trn c s chn c cng sut cc MBA phn trn (3.2.1) ta
c bng kt qu chn MBA cho cc TBA phn xngdo ABB ch to:
Bng 3.2 - Kt qu la chn MBA trong cc TBA ca phng n I

SM
Tn UC/UH P 0 P N UN I0 S n gi Thnh
(kVA
TBA (kV) (kW) (kW) (%) (%) my (103) tin
)
TBATG 4000 22/6,3 6,7 33,50 7,5 0,9 2 400000 800000
B1 1250 6,3/0,4 1,9 15 5,5 1,3 2 190200 380400
B2 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B3 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B4 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B5 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
3
KB =2121200.10
33
VNG BI
* Xc nh tn tht in nng A trong cc TBA:

Tn tht in nng A trong cc trm bin p c tnh theo cng thc:
2
1 S
A = n. P0.t + ..PN . tt . kWh
n S dmB
Trong :
n - s my bin p ghp song song,
t - thi gian my bin p vn hnh, vi MBA vn hnh sut nm
t = 8760h.
- thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.
Tra bng PL1.2 vi Nh my ch to Vng Bi Tmax = 5300h v cos = 0,7.
Tra bng 4-1 (TL1) tm c = 4000h,
P0, PN - tn tht cng sut khng ti v tn tht cng sut ngn
mch ca MBA,
Stt - cng sut tnh ton ca TBA,
SmB - cng sut nh mc ca MBA.
Tnh cho TBATG:
Sttnm = 7758,81 kVA ; SmB = 4000 kVA
P0 = 6,7 kW : PN = 33,5 kW
1 S
Ta c: A = n. P0.t + ..PN . tt . [kWh]
n S dmB
2
= 2 . 6,7 . 8760 + .33,5.

1 7758,81
.4000 = 369467,87 kWh
2 4000
Cc TBA khc cng tnh tng t, kt qu cho trong bng 3.3.
Bng 3.3 - Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng cc TBA ca phng n I.

Tn S SM P 0 P N
STT (kVA) A (kWh)
TBA my (kVA) (kW) (kW)
TBATG 2 7758,81 4000 6,7 33,5 369467,87
B1 2 2388,62 1600 1,9 15 100149,39
B2 2 1877,16 1000 1,75 13 122276,97
B3 2 1746,06 1000 1,75 13 109926,86
B4 2 1786,059 1000 1,75 13 113600,18
B5 2 1964,605 1000 1,75 13 131011,49
A = 946432,76 kWh
34
VNG BI
2. Chn dy dn v xc nh tn tht cng sut, tn tht in nng trong

mng in:
* Chn cp cao p t trm bin p trung gian v cc trm bin p phn
xng.
Cp cao p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in jkt. i vi
nh my ch to Vng Bi lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dng cng sut ln
nht Tmax = 5300h. S dng cp li ng, tra bng 5 (trang 294, TL4),
tm c jkt = 2,7 A/mm2.
Tit din kinh t ca cp:
I max
Fkt = mm2
j kt
Cc cp t TBATG v cc TBA phn xng u cp l kp nn:
S
Imax =
2. 3.U dm
Da vo v tr Fkt ta tnh c, tra bng la chn tit din tiu chun
cp gn nht.
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo iu kin pht nng:
khc. Icp > Isc
Trong :
Isc : Dng in khi xy ra s c t 1 cp, Isc = 2 . Imax
khc = k1 . k2
k1: H s hiu chnh theo nhit , ly k1 = 1.
k2: H s hiu chnh v s dy cp cng t trong mt rnh, cc rnh
u t 2 cp, khong cch gia cc si cp l 300 mm. Theo PL. 4.22
(TL1). C K2= 0,93
V chiu di cp t TBATG n cc TBAPX ngn nn tn tht in
p nh ta c th b qua khng cn kim tra li theo iu kin Ucp.
- Chn cp t TBATG n B1:
S max 2388,62
Imax = = = 114,92 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.6
I max 114,92
Fkt = = = 42,56 mm
jkt 2,7
35
VNG BI
Tra PL 4.30 (TL1), la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn nht F =70
2
mm , cp ng 3 li 6 kV cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA (Nht) ch to c Icp = 245 A.
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo i kin pht nng:
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 245 = 227,85A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2 . 114,92 = 229,84 A
Cp chn khng tho mn cc iu kin pht nng nn tng tit
din cp. Chn cp c tit din F = 95 mm2 vi Icp = 290 A.
Kim tra li theo iu kin pht nng:
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 290 = 269,7 A > Isc = 229,84 A
Vy chn cp F = 95 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 95 mm2
2 XLPE (3 x 95)
S ttpx 1877,16
Imax = = = 90,3 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.6
I max 90,3 2
Fkt = = = 33,44 mm
jkt 2,7
Tra PL 4.30 (TL1), la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn nht F = 35
2
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1 A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2 . 90,3 = 180,6 A
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 200 = 186 A > Isc = 180,6 A
Vy chn cp F = 50 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 50
mm2 2 XLPE (3 x 50)

S max 1763,619
Imax = = = 84,85 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.6
36
VNG BI
I max 84,85 2
Fkt = = = 31,426 mm
jkt 2,7
2
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2 . 84,01 = 168,02 A
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 200 = 186 A > Isc = 168,02 A
mm2 2 XLPE (3 x 50)
S ttpx 1786,059
Imax = = = 85,93 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.6
I max 85,93 2
Fkt = = = 31,83 mm
jkt 2,7
2
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1 A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2.85,93 = 171,86 A
din cp. Chn cp c tit din F = 50 mm2 vi Icp = 200A.
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 200 = 186 A > Isc = 171,86A
mm2 2 XPLE (3 x 50)
- Chn cp t TBATG n B5
S ttpx 1964,605
Imax = = = 94,52 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.6
I max 94,52
Fkt = = = 35 mm2
jkt 2,7
37
VNG BI
Tra PL 4.30 (TL1), la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn nht F = 50 mm2,
cp ng 3 li 6 kV cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 200 = 186 A < Ics = 2 . Imax = 2.94,52 = 189,04A
din cp. Chn cp c tit din F = 70 mm2 vi Icp = 245A.
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 245 = 227,85 A > Ics = 189,04 A
Vy chn cp F =70 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 70 mm2
2 XLPE (3 x 70)
- Chn cp h p t TBAPX n cc phn xng :
* Chn cp h p t TBAPX n cc phn xng:
Ta ch xt n cc on cc h p khc nhau gia cc phng n, cc
on ging nhau b qua khng xt ti trong qu trnh so snh kinh t gia
cc phng n. C th i vi phng n 1, ta ch cn chn cp:
T trm bin p B3 n PXSCCK (B3 - 6)
T TBA B4 n B phn nn p.
T TBA B5 n L ga; Trm bm.
Cp h p c chn theo iu kin pht nng cho php. on ng
cp y cng rt ngn, tn tht in p khng ng k, nn c th b qua
khng kim tra li theo iu kin Ucp.
Chn cp t TBA B3 n PXSCCK (B3 - 6)
PXSCCK c xp vo h tiu th loi III nn dng cp l n
S ttpx 148,84
cung cp in. Imax = = =226,2 (A)
3.U dm 0,658
Ch c mt cp i trong rnh nn k2 = 1. iu kin chn cp Icp > Imax
Chn cp ng h p 4 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to tit din
F = 3*(70+50) mm2 c Icp = 246 A.
Chn cp t TBA B3 n B phn nn p
B phn nn p c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l kp
Sttpx 462,66
cung cp in. Imax = = = 351,57 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,4
khc. Icp > Isc = 2. Imax = 2. 351,57= 703,14 A
38
VNG BI
Ta s dng mi pha 2 cp ng h p 1 li tit din F = 150 mm2 vi

Icp = 395A v mt cp ng h p 1 li tit din F = 150 mm2 lm dy trung
tnh do hng LENS ch to. Trong trng hp ny, h s iu chnh
khc = 0,83 do c 14 si cp t chung trong mt ho cp .
Vy chn F = 6*(150 + 150) mm2 c Icp = 395 A
Chn cp t TBA B5 n L Ga:
L Ga c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l kp cung
cp in.
Sttpx 331,14
Imax = = = 251,58 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,38
khc. Icp > Isc = 2. Imax = 2. 251,58 = 503,16 A
Icp = 395A v mt cp ng h p 1 li tit din F = 150 mm2 lm dy trung
tnh do hng LENS ch to. Trong trng hp ny, h s iu chnh
khc = 0,83 do c 14 si cp t chung trong mt ho cp .
Vy chn F = 6*(95+95) mm2 c Icp = 298 A ;
Chn cp t TBA B5 n Trm bm:
Trm bm c xp vo h tiu th loi III nn dng cp l n
cung cp in.
Sttpx 228,145
Imax = = = 346,7 (A)
3.U dm 0,658
Chn cp ng h p 4 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to tit
din F = 3.(150+70) mm2 c Icp = 395 A ;
Tng hp kt qu chn cp ca phng n I c ghi trong bng 3.4.
Bng 3.4 - Kt qu cp ca phng n I c ghi trong bng 3.4.

Thnh
2 n gi
ng cp F (mm ) L (m) R0(/km) R() tin
103
103
TBATG B1 2.(3*95) 110 0,193 0,011 228 50160
39
VNG BI
TBATG B2 2. (3*50) 110 0,387 0,0021 120 28800

TBATG B3 2.(3*50) 120 0,387 0,023 120 28800
TBATG B4 2.(3*50) 120 0,387 0,023 120 28800
TBATG B5 2.(3*70) 150 0,268 0,02 205 61500
B3 - 6 3*70+50 35 0,268 0,0047 120 8400
B4 - 9 6*150+150 80 0,124 0,005 315 50400
B5 - 7 6*95+95 110 0,193 0,011 228 50160
B5 - 10 3*150+70 120 0,124 0,007 205 49200
K = 372520.103
* Xc nh tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy:

Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc:
S 2ttpx
P = .R .10-3 (kW)
U 2dm
1
Trong : R= r0 .1 []
n
n: s ng dy i song song.
S 2ttpx
- Tn tht P trn on cp TBATG B1: P = 2
.R .10-3 kW
U dm
2388,622
P = . 0,011.10-3 kW
62
Cc ng dy khc cng c tnh ton tng t, kt qu trong bng 3.5
* Xc nh tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy:

Tn tht trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc:
AD = PD . [kWh]
Bng 3.5 - Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy ca phng n I.
ng cp F (mm2) L (m) r0 (/km) R () Stt (kVA) P (kW)
40
VNG BI
TBATG B1 2.(3*95) 110 0,193 0,011 2388,62 1,74

TBATG B2 2. (3*50) 110 0,387 0,021 1877,16 2,06
TBATG B3 2.(3*50) 120 0,387 0,023 1746,06 1,947
TBATG B4 2.(3*50) 120 0,387 0,023 1786,059 2,038
TBATG B5 2.(3*70) 150 0,268 0,02 1964,605 2,144
B3 - 6 3*70+50 35 0,268 0,0047 148,84 0,65
B4 - 9 6*150+150 80 0,124 0,005 462,66 6,689
B5 - 7 6*95+95 110 0,193 0,011 331,14 7,539
B5 - 10 3*150+70 120 0,124 0,007 228,145 2,277
PD = 27,084 kW
Trong : - thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht, tra bng 7-1 (TL1)
vi Tmax = 5300 h v cosnm = 0,7 tm c = 4000h.
AD = PD . = 27,084. 4000 =108336 [kWh]
3. Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n I:
Khi tnh ton vn u t xy dng mng in y ch n gi thnh
cc loi cp v my bin p khc nhau gia cc phng n (K = Kb + KD),
nhng phn ging nhau c b qua khng xt ti.
Tn tht in nng trong cc phng n bao gm tng tn tht in
nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy:
A = AB + AD
Chi ph tnh ton Z1 ca phng n I:
Vn u t:
K1 = KB + KD = 2121200.103 +372520.103 = 2493720.103
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy.
A1 = AB + AD = 108336+ 946432,76 = 1054768,76 kWh
Chi phi tnh ton:
Z1 = (avh + atc). K1 + c . A1
= (0,1 + 0,2).2493720.103 + 1000. 1054768,76 = 1802,88.106
3.3.3. PHNG N II:
41
VNG BI
Phng n II s dng TBATG nhn in t h thng v, h xung

in p 6kV sau cung cp cho cc TBAPX. Cc TBA B1, B2, B3, B4,B5,
B6 h in p t 6kV xung 0,4 kV cung cp in cho cc phn xng.
1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng A
trong cc TBA.
* Chn my bin p trong cc TBA:
Trn c s c chn cng sut ca nh my phn trn ta c
bng kt qu chn my bin p do hng ABB ch to:
Bng 3.6 - Kt qu la chn MBA cho cc TBA ca phng n

II.
n
Tn SM UC/UH P 0 P N UN I0 S Thnh
gi
TBA (kVA) (kV) (kW) (kW) (%) (%) my tin
(103)
TBATG 4000 22/6,3 6,7 33,5 5,5 1,4 2 400000 800000
B1 1250 6,3/0,4 1,9 15 5,5 1,4 2 190200 380400
B2 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B3 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 2 95000 190000
B4 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 2 95000 190000
B5 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 2 95000 190000
B6 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
KB = 2105800.103
* Xc nh tn tht in nng Atrong cc TBA:

Kt qu tnh ton cho trong bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7 Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA ca PA II

Tn S SM P 0 P N
STT (kVA) A (kWh)
TBATG 2 7758,81 4000 6,7 33,5 369467,87
B1 2 2388,62 1250 1,9 15 100149,39
B2 2 1877,16 1000 1,75 13 122276,97
B3 2 1587,22 800 1,4 10,5 108236,35
B4 1 708,125 800 1,4 10,5 45171,07
B5 2 1323,399 800 1,4 10,5 81995,32
42
VNG BI
B6 2 1867,98 1000 1,75 13 121383,08

AB = 948680,05 kWh
Tng t nh phng n I, tn tht in nng A trong cc trm bin
p c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2
1 S ttpx
A = n..P0.t + ..PN . . (kWh)
n S
dmB
mng in:
* Tng t nh phng n I: t TBATG v n cc TBAPX cp cao
p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in Jkt. i vi nh my ch
to vng bi lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht Tmax=
5300h, s dng cp li ng, tra bng 5 ( trang 294. TL4) tm c Jkt = 2,7
A/mm2
I max
Fkt = mm2
j kt
Cc cp t TBATG n cc TBAPX u l cp l kp nn:
S ttpx
Imax =
2. 3 .U dm
Chn cp ng 3 li 6kV cch in XLPE, ai thp, v PVC do hng
FURUKAWA (Nht) ch to.
khc. Isc > Ics, vi khc = 0,93 ( hai cp t chung trong 1 rnh ).
V chiu di cp t TBATG n TBAPX ngn nn tn tht in p
nh ta c th b qua khng kim tra li theo iu kin Ucp.
Chn cp t TBATG n B1;B2 hai phng n ging nhau ta khng
cn tnh na.
- Chn cp t TBATG n B3
S max 1597,22
Imax = = = 76,85 A
2. 3 .U dm 2 . 3 .6
I max 76,85
Fkt = = = 28,46 mm
jkt 2,7
43
VNG BI

2
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 140 = 130,2 A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2 . 76,85 = 153,7 A
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1 A > Isc = 153,7 A
Vy chn cp F = 35 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 35 mm2
2 XLPE (3 x 35)
S ttpx 708,125
Imax = = = 68,14 A
2. 3 .U dm 2 . 3 .6
I max 68,14 2
Fkt = = = 25,23 mm
jkt 2,7
Tra PL 4.30 (TL1), la chn tit din tiu chun cp gn nht
F = 25 mm2, cp ng 3 li 6 kV cch in XPLE, ai thp, v PVC
do hng FURUKAWA (Nht) ch to c Icp = 140 A.
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 140 = 130,2A < ISC = 2 . Imax = 2 . 68,14 = 136,28A
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1 A > Isc = 136,28 A
Vy chn cp F = 35 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 35mm2
2 XLPE (3 x 35)

S max 1867,98
Imax = = = 89,87 A
2. 3.U dm 2 . 3 .6
44
VNG BI
I max 89,87 2
Fkt = = = 33,29 mm
jkt 2,7
2
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 170 = 158,1A < Isc = 2 . Imax = 2 . 89,87 = 179,74 A
0,93 . Icp = 0,93 . 200 = 186A > Isc = 179,74 A
Vy chn cp F = 50 mm2 loi ca FURUKAWA, c tit din 50mm2
2 XLPE (3 x 50)

Tng t nh phng n I, cp h p c chn theo iu kin pht
nng cho php. on ng cp y cng rt ngn, tn tht in p
khng ng k, nn c th b qua khng kim tra li theo iu kin Ucp.
Cp h p u chn loi cp 4 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to
tit din.
on cp t B1 - 1 c hai phng n ging nhau ta cng khng tnh
Ta ch xt:
T TBA B4 n PXSCCK. (B4- 6)
T TBA B4 n Trm bm. (B4- 10)
T TBA B6 n B phn nn p. (B6- 9)
Chn cp t TBA B4 n PXSCCK. (B4- 6)
PXSCCK. (B4- 6) c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l
Sttpx 166,399
n cung cp in. Imax = = = 252,82 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,4
F = 3. (95+50) mm2 c Icp = 298 A ;
Chn cp t TBA B4 n Trm bm
Trm bm c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l n
cung cp in.
45
VNG BI
Sttpx 228,145
Imax = = = 346,7 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,38
din F = 3*(150+70) mm2 c Icp = 395 A ;
B phn nn p c xp vo h tiu th loi III nn dng cp l kp
cung cp in.
Sttpx 462,66
Imax = = = 351,57 (A)
3.U dm 0,658
khc. Icp > Isc = 2. Imax = 2. 351,57 = 703,14 A
Icp = 395 A v 1 cp ng h p 1 li l dy trung tnh do hng LENS ch
to. Trong trng hp ny, h s iu chnh khc = 0,83 do c 14 si cp t
chung trong mt ho cp.
Kt qu chn cp c ghi trong bng 3.8.
Bng 3.8 - Kt qu chn cp cao p v h p ca phng n II.

Thnh
2 n gi
102
103
TBATG B1 2.(3*95) 110 0,193 0,011 228 50160
TBATG B2 2.(3*50) 110 0,387 0,021 120 26400
TBATG B3 2.(3*35) 50 0,524 0,013 84 8400
TBATG B4 1.(3*35) 230 0,524 0,06 84 38640
TBATG B5 2.(3*25) 50 0,727 0,018 65 6500
TBATG B6 2.(3*50) 220 0,387 0,042 120 52800
B4 - 6 3*95+50 60 0,193 0,0058 120 14400
B4 - 10 3*150+70 190 0,124 0,012 205 57400
B5- 9 6*150+150 35 0,124 0,0022 315 22050
46
VNG BI
K = 276750.103
* Xc nh tn tht cng sut tcdng trn ng dy:

Tng t nh phng n I, P trn ng dy c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
S 2ttpx 1
P = 2
.R .10 -3 (kW) ; R= r0 .1 []
U dm n
Trong :
Kt qu tnh ton c ghi trong bng 3.9.
Bng 3.9 - Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy ca phng n II.

F (mm2) L (m) R0 R () Stt (kVA) P (kW)
ng cp
(/km)
TBATG B1 2.(3*95) 110 0,193 0,011 2388,62 1,74
TBATG B2 2.(3*50) 110 0.387 0,021 1877,16 2,06
TBATG B3 2.(3*35) 50 0,524 0,013 1597,22 0,921
TBATG B4 1.(3*35) 230 0,524 0,06 708,125 0,836
TBATG B5 2.(3*25) 50 0,727 0,018 1323,399 0,876
TBATG B6 2.(3*50) 220 0,387 0,042 1867,98 4,07
B4 - 6 3*95+50 60 0,193 0,0058 148,84 0,803
B4 - 10 3*150+70 190 0,124 0,012 228,145 3,9
B5- 9 6*150+150 35 0,124 0,0022 462,66 2,94
PD = 18,146 .103
Tn tht trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc:

AD = PD . [kWh]
vi Tmax = 5300 h v cosnm = 0,7, tm c = 4000h.
AD = PD . = 18,186 . 4000 = 72584 [kWh]
3. Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n II:
47
VNG BI
Vn u t:
K2 = KB + KD = 2105800.103 + 276750.103 =2382,55.106
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy:
A2 = AB + AD = 948680,05 + 72584 = 1021264,05 kWh
Chi phi tnh ton:
Z2 = (avh + atc). K2 + c . A2
= (0,1 + 0,2). 2382,55.106 + 1000. 1021264,05 = 1736,029.106
3.3.3. PHNG N III:

Phng n III s dng trm phn phi trung tm (TPPTT) nhn in
t h thng v cp cho cc TBAPX. Cc TBA B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 h in p
t 22kV xung 0,4 kV cung cp in cho cc phn xng.
1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in
nng A trong cc TBAPX.
* Chn my bin p phn xng:
bng kt qu chn my bin p phn xng do hng ABB ch to:
* Xc nh tn tht in nng A trong cc TBA:
2
1 S ttpx
A = n..P0.t + ..PN . . (kWh)
n U
dmB
Bng 3.10 - Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA ca PA III.

n
gi
TBA (kVA) (kV) (kW) (kW) (%) (%) my tin
(103)
B1 1250 6,3/0,4 1,9 15 5,5 1,3 2 190200 380400
B2 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B3 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B4 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B5 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
3
KB = 1321200.10
48
VNG BI
Bng 3.11 - Tn tht in nng trong cc TBAPX ca phng n III.

Tn S STT SM P0 PN
A (kWh)
TBA my (kVA) (kVA) (kW) (kW)
B1 2 2388,62 1250 1,9 15 100149,39
B2 2 1877,16 1000 1,75 13 122276,97
B3 2 1746,06 1000 1,75 13 109926,86
B4 2 1786,059 1000 1,75 13 113600,18
B5 2 1964,605 1000 1,75 13 131011,49
A = 576964,89kWh

mng in:
* Tng t nh phng n I, t TPPTT v n cc TBAPX cp cao
p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in jkt.
i vi nh my ch to vng bi lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dng
cng sut ln nht Tmax= 5300h, s dng cp li ng, tra bng 5 ( trang
294. TL4) tm c Jkt = 2,7 A/mm2
I max
Fkt = mm2
j kt
S ttpx
Imax =
2. 3 .U dm
* Chn cc h p t TBAPX n cc phn xng:
Cp h p u chn loi cp 4 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to.
49
VNG BI
S 2ttpx 1
P = 2
.R .10-3 (kW); R= r0 .1 []
U dm n
Trong : n: s ng dy i song song.
Kt qu chn cp c ghi trong bng 3.12.
Bng 3.12 - Kt qu chn cp cao p v h p ca phng n II.
Thnh
2 n gi
103
103
TPPTT B1 3*16 110 1,47 0,081 58 12760
TPPTT B2 3*16 110 1,47 0,081 58 12760
TPPTT B3 3*16 120 1,47 0,088 58 13920
TPPTT B4 3*16 120 1,47 0,088 58 13920
TPPTT B5 3*16 150 1,47 0,11 58 17400
B3 - 6 3*70+50 35 0,268 0,0047 120 8400
B4 - 9 6*150+150 80 0,124 0,005 315 50400
B5 - 7 6*95+95 110 0,193 0,011 228 50160
B5 - 10 3*150+70 120 0,124 0,007 205 49200
K =228920.103
* Tn tht trn cc ng dy c tnh theo cng thc:
AD = PD . [kWh]
vi Tmax = 5300 h v cosnm =0,7, tm c = 4000h.
Bng 3.13 - Tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy ca phng n III.

ng cp F (mm2) L (m) r0 (/km) R () Stt (kVA) P (kW)
TPPTTB1 3*16 110 1,47 0,081 2388,62 0,955
TPPTTB2 3*16 110 1,47 0,081 1877,16 0,59
TPPTTB3 3*16 120 1,47 0,088 1746,06 0,554
TPPTTB4 3*16 120 1,47 0,088 1786,059 0,58
TPPTTB5 3*16 150 1,47 0,11 1964,605 0,877
B3 - 6 3*70+50 35 0,268 0,0047 148,84 0,65
B4 - 9 6*150+150 80 0,124 0,005 462,66 6,689
50
VNG BI
B5 - 7 6*95+95 110 0,193 0,011 331,14 7,539

B5 - 10 3*150+70 120 0,124 0,007 228,145 2,277
PD = 20,711 kW
AD = PD . =20,711. 4000 = 82844 [kWh]

3. Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n III:
Vn u t:
K3 = Kb + KD =1321200.103 + 228920.103 = 1550120.103
Tng tn tht in nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy.
A3 = AB + AD = 576964,89 + 82844 = 659808,89 kWh
Chi phi tnh ton:
Z3 = (avh + atc). K1 + c . A1
= (0,1+0,2).1550120.103 + 1000. 659808,89=1124,85.106
3.3.4. PHNG N IV:

Phng n IV s dng TPPTT nhn in t h thng v cp cho cc
TBAPX. Cc TBA B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 h in p t 22kV xung 0,4kV
cung cp in cho cc phn xng.
1. Chn my bin p phn xng v xc nh tn tht in nng A
trong cc TBA.
* Chn my bin p trong cc TBAPX:
bng kt qu chn my bin p do hng ABB ch to:
Bng 3.14 - Kt qu la chn MBA cho cc TBA ca phng n IV.

n
gi
TBA (kVA) (kV) (kW) (kW) (%) (%) My tin
(103)
B1 1250 6,3/0,4 1,9 15 5,5 1,4 2 190200 380400
B2 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
B3 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 2 95000 190000
B4 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 1 95000 190000
B5 800 6,3/0,4 1,4 10,5 5 1,4 2 95000 190000
B6 1000 6,3/0,4 1,75 13 5 1,4 2 117600 235200
3
KB =1305800.10
51
VNG BI
* Xc nh tn tht in nng Atrong cc TBAPX:

2
1 S ttpx
A = n..P0.t + ..PN . . (kWh)
n S
dmB
Bng 3.15 - Kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng trong cc TBA ca PA IV

Tn S SM P 0 P N
STT (kVA) A (kWh)
B1 2 2388,62 1250 1,9 15 100199,39
B2 2 1877,16 1000 1,75 13 122276,97
B3 2 1597,22 800 1,4 10,5 108236,35
B4 1 708,125 800 1,4 10,5 45171,07
B5 2 1323,399 800 1,4 10,5 81995,32
B6 2 1867,98 1000 1,75 13 121383,08
AB = 579212,18 kWh

mng in:
* Tng t nh phng n I: t TBATG v n cc TBAPX cp cao
p c chn theo mt kinh t ca dng in Jkt. i vi nh my ch
to vng bi lm vic 3 ca, thi gian s dng cng sut ln nht Tmax=
5300h, s dng cp li ng, tra bng 5 ( trang 294. TL4) tm c Jkt = 2,7
A/mm2
I max
Fkt = mm2
j kt
S ttpx
Imax =
2. 3 .U dm
52
VNG BI

Chn cp t TBATG n B1;B2 hai phng n ging nhau ta khng
cn tnh na.
Cp h p u chn loi cp 4 li cch in PVC do hng LENS ch to
tit din.
on cp t B1 - 1 c hai phng n ging nhau ta cng khng tnh
Ta ch xt:
T TBA B4 n PXSCCK. (B4- 6)
T TBA B4 n Trm bm. (B4- 10)
T TBA B6 n B phn nn p. (B6- 9)
Chn cp t TBA B4 n PXSCCK. (B4- 6)
PXSCCK. (B4- 6) c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l
Sttpx 166,399
n cung cp in. Imax = = = 252,82 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,4
F = 3. (95+50) mm2 c Icp = 298 A ;
Chn cp t TBA B4 n Trm bm

Trm bm c xp vo h tiu th loi I nn dng cp l n
cung cp in.
Sttpx 228,145
Imax = = = 346,7 (A)
2. 3.U dm 2. 3.0,38
din F = 3*(150+70) mm2 c Icp = 395 A ;
53
VNG BI
B phn nn p c xp vo h tiu th loi III nn dng cp l kp

cung cp in.
Sttpx 462,66
Imax = = = 351,57 (A)
3.U dm 0,658
khc. Icp > Isc = 2. Imax = 2. 351,57 = 703,14 A
Icp = 395 A v 1 cp ng h p 1 li l dy trung tnh do hng LENS ch
to. Trong trng hp ny, h s iu chnh khc = 0,83 do c 14 si cp t
chung trong mt ho cp.
Bng 3.16 - Kt qu chn cp cao p v h p ca phng n IV.

Thnh
2 n gi
103
103
TPPTT - B1 2. (3*16) 110 1,47 0,081 58 12760
TPPTT - B2 2. (3*16) 110 1,47 0,081 58 12760
TPPTT - B3 2. (3*16) 50 1,47 0,037 58 3480
TPPTT - B4 2. (3*16) 230 1,47 0,338 58 13340
TPPTT - B5 2. (3*16) 50 1,47 0,037 58 25520
TPPTT - B6 2. (3*16) 220 1,47 0,162 58 5800
B4 - 6 3*95+50 60 0,193 0,0058 120 14400
B4 - 10 3*150+70 190 0,124 0,012 205 57400
B5 - 9 6*150+150 35 0,124 0,0022 205 22050
K =167510.103
* Xc nh tn tht cng sut tc dng trn ng dy:

Tng t nh phng n I, P trn ng dy c xc nh theo
cng thc sau:
S 2ttpx 1
P = 2
.R .10-3 (kW); R= r0 .1 []
U dm n
Trong :
Kt qu tnh ton c ghi trong bng 3.17.
Bng 3.17 :
54
VNG BI
Tn tht cng sut tc dng trn cc ng dy ca phng n II.

F (mm2) L (m) R0 R () Stt P (kW)
ng cp
(/km) (kVA)
TPPTT - B1 2.(3*16) 110 1,47 0,081 2388,62 0,955
TPPTT - B2 2.(3*16) 110 1,47 0,081 1877,16 0,59
TPPTT - B3 2.(3*16) 50 1,47 0,037 1597,22 0,195
TPPTT - B4 2.(3*16) 230 1,47 0,338 708,125 0,35
TPPTT - B5 2.(3*16) 50 1,47 0,037 1323,399 0,134
TPPTT - B6 2.(3*16) 220 1,47 0,162 1867,98 1,168
B4 - 6 3*95+50 60 0,193 0,0058 148,84 0,803
B4 - 10 3*150+70 190 0,124 0,012 228,145 3,9
B5 - 9 6*150+150 35 0,124 0,0022 462,66 2,94
PD = 11,035 kW
* Xc nh tn tht in nng trn cc ng dy:

AD = PD . [kWh]
vi Tmax = 5300 h v cosnm = 0,7, tm c = 4000h.
AD = PD . = 11,035. 4000 = 44140 [kWh]
3. Chi ph tnh ton ca phng n IV:
Vn u t:
K4 = KB + KD = 1305800.103 +167510. 103 =1473310. 103
Tng tn thtin nng trong cc trm bin p v ng dy:
A4 = AB + AD = 579212,18 + 444140 = 623352,18 kW
Chi phi tnh ton:
Z4 = (avh + atc). K2 + c . A2
= (0,1+0,2). 1473,31.106 + 1000. 623352,18 = 1065,54.106
Bng 3.18 - Tng hp ch tiu kinh t - k thut cc phng n.
Phng n Vn u t Tn tht in Chi ph tnh ton
(106) nng (kWh) (106)
Phng n 1 2493,72 1054768,76 1802,88
Phng n 2 2382,52 1021264,05 1736,029
Phng n 3 1550,12 659808,89 1124,85
55
VNG BI
Phng n 4 1473,31 623352,18 1065,54
Nhn xt: T nhng kt qu tnh ton cho thy phng n III v IV

tng ng v mt kinh t do c ch tnh ton chnh nhau khng ng k
(< 5%), vn u t mua my bin p v cp, tn tht in nng cung cp
xp x nhau. Phng n IV c s trm bin p, tuy ln hn nhng s thun
li hn trong cng tc xy lp, qun l v vn hnh do vy ta chn phng
n IV lm phng n thit k.
3.4. THIT K CHI TIT CHO PHNG N CHN:

3.4.1. Chn dy dn t H thng v TPPTT:
ng dy cung cp in t H thng v TPPTT ca nh my di
15km s dng ng dy trn khng, dy nhm li thp, l kp.
* Vi mng cao p c Tmaxln, dy dn c chn theo mt dng
in kinh t jkt,tra theo bng 5 (trang 294, TL1) dy dn AC, c thi gian s
dng cng sut ln nht Tmax = 5300h, ta c jkt = 1 A/mm2
Dng in tnh ton chy trn mi dy dn:
S ttpx 7758,81
Imax = = = 101,81 A
2. 3 .U dm 2. 3.22
Tit din kinh t:
I max 101,81 2
Fkt = = = 101,81 mm
j kt 1
Chn dy nhm li thp tit din 95mm2. Tra bng 4.12 (TL1) dy
dn AC-95 c Icp = 335 A.
* Kim tra dy theo iu kin s c t 1 dy:
Ics = 2 . Imax = 2. 101,81 = 203,62 A < Icp = 335 A
Dy dn chn tho mn iu kin s c.
* Kim tra theo iu kin tn tht in p cho php:
Vi dy dn AC-95 c khong cch trung bnh hnh hc Dtb =2 m
theo PL 4.6 (TL.1) c r0 = 0,33 /km, x0 = 0,371 /km.
Pttnm .R + Qttnm X 5372,4.0,33.10 + 5597,89.0,371.10
U = = = 874,93 V
U dm 2.22
U < Ucp = 5%Um = 1100 V
Dy dn chn tho mn iu kin tn tht in p cho php.
56
VNG BI
Vy chn dy AC-95.
3.4.2. s trm phn phi trung tm:
Trm phn phi trung tm l ni trc tip nhn in t h thng v
cung cp in cho nh my, do vic la chn s ni dy ca trm c
nh hng ln v trc tip n vn an ton cung cp in cho nh my.
S cn phi tho mn cc iu kin c bn nh: m bo lin tc cung
cp in theo yu cu ca ph ti, phi r rng, thun tin trong vn hnh v
s l s c, an ton lc vn hnh v sa cha, hp l v mt kinh t trn c
s m bo cc yu cu k thut.
Nh my ch to Vng Bi c xp vo ph ti loi 1, do tnh cht
quan trng ca nh my nn trm phn phi c cung cp bi hai ng
dy vi h thng 1 thanh gp c phn on lin lc gia hai phn on ca
thanh gp bng my ct hp b. Trn mi phn on thanh gp t mt
my bin p o lng ba pha nm tr c cun tam gic h bo chm t
mt pha trn cp 22kV. chng st t ng dy truyn vo trm t
chng st van trn cc phn on thanh gp. My bin dng c t trn
tt c cc l vo ra ca trm c tc dng bin i dng in ln (s cp)
thnh dng in 5A cung cp bng cc dng c o lng v bo v.
Chn dng cc t hp b ca hng Siemens, my ct loi 8DC11,
cch in bng SF6, khng cn bo tr. H thng thanh gp t sn trong t
c dng nh mc 1250A.
Bng 3.19 - Thng s my ct t ti TPPTT.
CCH ICT N3S ICT NMAX
LOI MC IM (A) UM (KV)
IN (KA) (KA)
8DC11 SF6 1250 24 25 63
3.4.3. Tnh ton ngn mch v la chn cc thit b in:

1. Tnh ton ngn mch pha cao p:
Mc ch ca tnh ngn mch l kim tra iu kin n nh ng v
n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn c chn khi c ngn mch trong h
thng. Dng in ngn mch tnh ton chn kh c in l dng in
ngn mch ba pha. Khi tnh ton ngn mch pha cao p do khng bit cu
trc c th ca h thng in Quc gia nn cho php gn ng in khng
ca h thng in quc gia thng qua cng sut ngn mch v pha h p
57
VNG BI
ca trm bin p trung gian v coi h thng c cng sut v cng ln. S
nguyn l v s thay th tnh ton ngn mch c th hin trn hnh
3.8.
la chn, kim tra dy dn v cc kh c din cn tnh ton 6 im
ngn mch sau:
N - im ngn mch trn thanh ci trm phn phi trung tm kim
tra my ct v thanh gp.
N1 ... N6 - im ngn mch pha cao p cc TBAPX kim tra cp
v thit b cao p trong cc trm.
in khng ca h thng c tnh theo cng thc sau:
U2
XHT = []
SN
Trong : SN - cng sut ngn mch v pha h p ca my bin p
trung gian, SN = 250 MVA; U - in p ca ng dy, U = Utb = 24 kV.
in tr v in khng ca ng dy:
1
R= .r0 .1 []
2
1
X = .x0 .1 []
2
Trong : r0, x0 - in tr v in khng trn 1 km dy dn [/km],
L - chiu di ng dy [km].
Do ngn mch xa ngun nn dng ngn mch siu qu I" bng
dng in ngn mch n nh I , nn c th vit:
U
IN = I" = I =
3 .Z N
Trong : ZN = tng tr t h thng n im ngn mch th i ().
U - in p ca ung dy (kV).
Tr s dng in ngn mch xung kch c tnh theo biu thc:
ikt = 1,8 . 2 .I N (kA).
58
VNG BI
HNH3.8 S TNH TON NGN MCH
N
MC
DK Cp
TBATG PPTT
BATX
N1 N2
HT XHT ZD ZC
Bng 3.20 - Thng s ca ng dy trn khng v cp.

ng cp F (mm2) L (m) R0(/km) X0(/km) R() X()
TBAPX B1 2.(3*16) 110 1,47 0,142 0,081 0,008
TBAPX B2 2.(3*16) 110 1,47 0,142 0,081 0,008
TBAPX B3 2.(3*16) 50 1,47 0,142 0,037 0,0036
TBAPX B4 2.(3*16) 230 1,47 0,142 0,338 0,033
TBAPX B5 2.(3*16) 50 1,47 0,142 0,037 0,0036
TBAPX B6 2.(3*16) 220 1,47 0,142 0,162 0,016
TBATG-TPPTT AC-95 15000 0,33 0,371 2,475 2,783
* Tnh im ngn mch N ti thanh gp trm phn phi trung tm:

U 2 242
XHT = = = 2,304
S N 250
R = Rdd = 2,475
X = Xdd + XHT = 2,783 + 2,304 = 5,087
U 24
IN = = = 2,45 kA
3.Z N 3. 2,475 2 + 5,087 2
ixk = 1,8. 2 .I N = 1,8. 2 . 2,45 = 6,24 kA
* Tnh im ngn mch ti N1 (ti thanh ci TBAPX B1)
59
VNG BI
U 2 242
XHX = = = 2,304
S N 250
R = Rdd + Rc l = 2,475 + 0,081 = 2,556
X = Xdd + XHT + Xc l = 2,783 + 2,304 + 0,008 = 5,095
U 24
IN = = = 2,431 kA
3.Z N 3. 2,5562 + 5,0952
ixk = 1,8. 2 .I N = 1,8. 2 . 2,431 = 6,188 kA
Tnh tng i vi cc im ngn mch khc, ta c kt qu tnh ton
ngn mch ghi trong bng 3.21.
Bng 3.21 - Kt qu tnh ton ngn mch.
im ngn mch IN (kA) IXK (kA)
N1 2,431 6,188
N2 2,431 6,188
N3 2,441 6,21
N4 2,372 6,037
N5 2,441 6,21
N6 2,45 6,24
2. La chn v kim tra cc thit b in:
a. La chn v kim tra my ct, thanh dn ca TPPTT:
* My ct 8DC11 c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc:Um.MC > Um.m = 22 kV
Dng in nh mc: :Im.MC = 1250 A > IIvmax = 2. Ittnm = 407,23 A
Dng in ct nh mc: :Im.ct = 25 kA > IN = 2,45 kA
Dng in n nh cho php:im.d = 63 kA > ixk = 6,24 kA
* Thanh dn chn vt cp nn khng cn kim tra n nh ng.
b. La chn v kim tra my bin p BU:
BU c chn theo iu kin:
in p nh mc: Um.BU > Um.m = 22 kV
Chn loi BU 3 pha 5 tr 4MS34, kiu hnh tr do hng Siemens ch to.
Bng 3.22 - Thng s k thut ca BU loi 4MS34.
Thng s k thut 4MS34
Udm (kV) 24
U chu ng tn s cng nghip 1 (kV) 50
60
VNG BI
U chu ng xung 1,2/50 us (kV) 125

U1m (kV) 22/ 3
U2m (kV) 110/ 3
Ti nh mc (VA) 400
c. La chn v kim tra my bin dng in BI:
BI c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
in p nh mc: Um.BI > Um.m = 22 kV
I max k qtbt .S dm. BA 1,3.1250
Dng in s cp nh mc: Im.BI > = = = 35,54
1,2 1,2. 3.22 1,2. 3.22
A
Chn BI loi 4ME, kiu hnh tr do hng Siemens ch to.
Bng 3.23 - Thng s k thut ca BI loiMEI4.

Thng S K thut 4ME14
Udm (kV) 24
U chu ng tn s cng nghip 1 (kV) 50
U chu ng xung 1,2/50 us (kV) 125
IIm (A) 5-2000
IIIm (A) 1 hoc 5
Idnhit Is (kA) 80
Iddng (kA) 120
d. La chn chng st van:

Chng st van c chn theo cp in p Um.m = 22kV.
Chn loi chng st van do hng COOPER ch to c Um = 24kV,
loi gi ngang AZLP501B24.
3.4.4. S trm bin p phn xng:
Cc trm bin p phn xng u t hai my bin p do ABB sn
sut ti Vit Nam. V cc TBAPX t rt gn trm phn phi trung tm nn
pha cao p ch cn t dao cch ly v cu ch. Dao cch ly dng cch ly
my bin p khi cn sa cha. Cu ch dng bo v ngn mch v qu ti
cho my bin p. Pha h p t ptmt tng v cc ptmt nhnh, thanh
ci h p c phn on bng ptmt phn on. hn ch dng ngn
mch v pha h p ca trm v lm n gin vic bo v ta chn phng
61
VNG BI
thc cho hai my bin p lm vic c lp (ptmt phn on ca thanh

ci h p thng trng thi ct). Ch khi no mt my bin p b s c
mi s dng ptmt phn on cp in cho ph ti ca phn on i
vi my bin p b s c.
1. La chn v kim tra dao cch ly cao p:

Ta s s dng chung mt loi dao cch ly cho tt c cc TBA d
dng cho vic mua sm, lp t v thay th. Dao cch ly c chn theo cc
iu kin sau:
Bng 3.24 - thng s k thut ca dao cch ly 3DC.
UM (kV) IM (A) INT (kA) INMAX (KA)
24 630 16-31,5 40-80
2. La chn v kim tra cu tr cao p:

Dng chung mt loi cu ch cao p cho tt c cc trm bin p d d
dng cho vic mua sm, lp t v thay th. Cu ch c chn theo cc
iu kin sau:
in p nh mc:Um.m = 22 kV
k qtbt .S dm. BA 1,3.1250
Dng in nh mc: Im.CC > I lv max = = = 42,65 A
3.22 3.22
Dng in ct nh mc: Idm.ct > IN4 = 2,44 kA
( B4 c dng ngn mch trn thanh ci l ln nht)
Bng 3.25 - Thng s k thut ca cu ch loi 3GD 413-4B

UM (kV) IM (A) INT (kA) INMAX (KA)
24 63 432 31,5
3.La chn v kim tra ptmt:

MCCB tng, MCCB phn on, MCCB nhnh u chn dng cc
MCCB do hng Merlin Gerin ch to.
MCCB c chn theo cc iu kin sau:
* i vi MCCB tng v MCCB phn on.
in p nh mc: Um A > Um m = 0,38 kV
62
VNG BI
Dng in nh mc: Im A > Im m

k qtbt .S dm.BA
vi: I lv max =
3U dm, m .
Trm bin p B1 c Sm.BA = 1250 kVA
k qtbt .S dm.BA 1,3.1250
I lv max = = = 2469,6 A
3U dm,m . 3.0,38
Trm bin p B2 ; B6 c Sdm.BA = 1000 kVA
kqtbt .Sdm.BA 1,3.1000
I lv max = = = 1975,14 A
3U dm, m . 3.0,38
Trm bin p B3, B4, B5 c Sdm.BA = 800 kVA
k qtbt .S dm.BA 1,3.800
I lv max = = = 1580,12 A
3U dm,m . 3.0,38
Bng 3.26 - Kt qu chn MCCB tng v MCCB phn on.

S UM S
Tn trm Loi IM (A) IctN (kA)
lng (kV) cc
B1 CM2500N 3 690 2500 50 3-4
B2, B6 CM2000N 3 690 2000 50 3 -4
B3,B4,B5 CM1600N 3 690 1600 50 3-4
* i vi MCCB nhnh
in p nh mc: Um.BI > Um.m = 22 kV
S ttpx
Dng in nh mc: Im.A > Itt =
n. 3.U dm.m
Trong : n- s MCCB nhnh a in v phn xng.
kt qu la chn cc MCCB nhnh c ghi trong bng 3.27.
4. La chn thanh gp:
Cc thanh gp c chn theo iu kin dng in pht nng cho
S tt
php: khc. Icp > Icp = = = A
n. 3.U dm.m
Chn loi thanh dn bng ng c kch thc (100 x 10) mm2, mi
pha ghp 3 thanh vi Icp = 4650 A.
n gin y ch cn kim tra vi tuyn cp c dng ngn mch
ln nht IN4 = 2,441 kA
63
VNG BI
Kim tra tit din cp chn theo iu kin n nh nhit:

F > . I . t pd
Trong :
- h s nhit , cp li ng = 6
I - dng in ngn mch n nh.
Iq - thi gian quy i c xc nh nh tng thi gian tc ng ca
bo v chnh t ti my ct in gn im s c vi ti gian tc ng ton
phn ca my ct in, Iq = f (" , t),
y: t - thi gian tn ti ngn mch ( thi gian ct ngn mch ), ly
t = 0,5 s.
I"
"= , ngn mch xa ngun (IN = I" = I) nn = 1.
I
5. Kim tra cp chn:
Bng 3.27 - kt qu la chn MCCB nhnh, loi 4 cc ca Merlin Gerin.
STT ITT Um Im Ict n

loi Sl
Tn phn xng (kVA) (A) (V) (A) (kA)
Phng th nghim 274,22 416,75 NS600E 3 500 600 15

Phn xng s 1 1877,16 2852,83 CM3200N 3 690 3200 50
Phn xng s 2 2114,4 3197,8 CM3200N 3 690 3200 50
Phn xng s 3 1597,22 2427,388 CM2500N 3 690 2500 50
Phn xng s 4 1323,399 2011,24 CM2500N 3 690 2500 50
P.xng SC c kh 148,84 226,21 NS250N 3 690 250 8
L ga 331,14 503,29 NS600E 3 500 600 15
Phn xng Rn 1405,32 2135,74 CM2500N 3 690 2500 50
B phn Nn p 462,66 703,12 C801N 3 690 800 25
Trm bm 228,145 346,725 NS400E 3 500 400 15
Tra th (trang 109, TL4), tm c tq = 0,4.

Tit din n nh nhit ca cp:
F > . I . t pd = 6. 2,441. 0,4 =9,263 mm2
64
VNG BI
Vy cp 16 mm2 chn cho cc tuyn l hp l.

6. Kt lun:
Cc thit b la chn cho mng in cao p ca nh my u tho
mn cc iu kin k thut cn thit.
CHNG IV.
THIT K MNG IN H PCHO PHN XNG
SA CHA C KH
Phn xng sa cha c kh c din tch l 1875 m2, gm 53 thit b

c chia lm 4 nhm. Cng sut tnh ton ca phn xng l 148,84 kVA,
trong c 26,25 kW s dng cho h thng chiu sng. cung cp in
cho phn xng Sa cha C kh (SCCK) ta s dng s hn hp. in
nng t trm bin p B4 c a v t phn phi ca phn xng. Trong
t phn phi t 1 ptmt tng v 5 ptmt nhnh cp in cho 4 t ng
lc v 1 t chi sng. T t phn phi n cc t ng lc v chiu sng
s dng s hnh tia thun tin cho vic qun l v vn hnh. Mi t
ng lc cp in cho mt nhm ph ti theo s hn hp, cc ph ti c
cng sut ln v quan trng s nhn in trc tip t thanh ci ca t, cc
ph ti c cng sut b v t quan trng hn c ghp thnh cc nhm nh
nhn in t t theo s lin thng (xch). d dng thao tc v tng
thm tin cy cung cp in, ti cc u vo v ra ca t u t cc
ptmt lm nhim v ng ct, bo v qu ti v ngn mch cho cc thit
b trong phn xng. Tuy nhin gi thnh ca cc t s t hn khi dng
cu dao v cu ch, song y cng l xu hng thit k cung cp in cho
cc x nghip cng nghip hin i.
4.1. La chn cc thit b cho t phn phi:
Hnh 4.1 - S t phn phi.
65
VNG BI
4.1.1. Chn cp t trm bin p B4 v t phn phi ca phn xng:

Theo kt qu tnh ton chng III, ta c:
* Cp t TBA B4 v t phn phi ca phn xng l cp ng h p
4 rut, cch in PVC do hng Lens ch to loi 3*95+50 mm2 Icp = 298 A,
t trong ho cp.
* Trong t h p ca TBA B4, u ng dy n t phn phi
t 1 MCCB loi NS250N do hng Merlin Gerin ch to, ImA = 250 A.
Kim tra cp theo iu kin phn phi vi MCCB:
I kddt 1,25.I dmA 1,25.250
Icp > = = = 208,33 A
1,5 1,5 1,5
Vy tit din cp chn l hp l.
4.1.2. La chn MCCB cho t phn phi:
Cc MCCB c chn theo cc iu kin tng t nh trnh by
chng III kt qu c ghi trong bng 4.1.
Bng 4.1 - kt qu la chn MCCB ca Merlin Gerin cho t phn phi.

ICtN
Tuyn cp ITT(A) loi IM (A) Um(V) S cc
(A)
TPPTT - L1 79,3 NS100N 80 415 25 4
TPPTT - L1 93,97 NS100N 100 415 25 4
TPPTT - L1 37,34 C60H 20 415 15 4
TPPTT - L1 61,89 NS100N 80 415 25 4
MCCB tng 208,33 NS250N 250 415 50 4
66
VNG BI
4.1.3. Chn cp t t phn phi n cc t ng lc:

Cc ng cp t t phn phi (TPP) n cc t ng lc (TL)
c i trong rnh cp nm dc tng pha trong v bn cnh li i li ca
phn xng. Cp c chn theo iu kin pht nng cho php, kim tra
phi hp vi cc thit b bo v v iu kin n nh nhit khi ngn mch.
Do chiu di cp khng ln nn c th b qua khng cn kim tra theo iu
kin tn tht in p cho php.
iu kin chn cp: khc . Icp > Itt
Trong :
Itt - dng in tnh ton ca nhm ph ti.
Icp - dng in pht nng cho php, tng ng vi tng loi dy, tng
tit din.
khc - h s hiu chnh, y ly khc = 1.
iu kin kim tra phi hp v thit b ba v ca cp, khi bo v
bng ptmt:
I kddt 1,25.I dmA
Icp > = A
1,5 1,5
* Chn cp t t phn phi ti t L1:
Icp > Itt = 79,3 A
I kddt 1,25.I dmA 1,25.100
Icp > = = = 83 A
1,5 1,5 1,5
Kt hp li iu kin chn cp ng 4 li cch in PVC do hng
Lens ch to, tit din vi F = 16 mm2 , Icp = 100 A.
Cc tuyn cp khc c chn tng t, kt qu ghi trong bng 4.2.
Bng 4.2 - Kt qu cp t TPP n cac TL
Tuyn cp ITT(A) Ikddt/1,5 Fcp(A) Icp (A)
TPPTT - L1 79,3 83 4G16 100

TPPTT - L2 93,97 83 4G16 100
TPPTT - L3 37,34 41,67 4G6 54
TPPTT - L4 61,89 66,67 4G10 75
67
VNG BI
4.2. Tnh ngn mch pha h p ca phn xng sa cha c kh

kim tra cp v ptmt:
Khi tnh ton ngn mch pha h p ta xem my bin p B4 l ngun
c ni vi h thng v cng ln) v vy in p trn thanh ci cao p ca
trm c coi l khng thay ikhi ngn mch, ta c: IN = I" = I. Gi thit
ny s lm cho gi tr dng ngn mch tnh ton c s ln hn thc t
nhiu bi rt kh gi c in p trn thanh ci cao p ca TBAPP khng
thay i khi xy ra ngn mch sau MBA. Song nu vi dng in ngn
mch tnh ton ny lm cc thit b la chn tho mn iu kin n nh
ng v n nh nhit th chng hon ton c th lm vic tt trong iu
kin thc t. gim nh khi lng tnh ton, y ta s ch kim tra
thm cc tuyn cp cn nghi vn, vic tnh ton cng c tin hnh tng
t.
Hnh 4.2: S nguyn l
N1 N2
TG2
TG3
TG1 C1 A3 C2
B3 A1 A2 A2 A3
Hnh 4.3: S thay th
N1 N2
ZB3 ZA1 ZTG1 ZA2 ZC1 ZA2 ZTG2 ZA3 ZC2 ZA3
ZTG3
68
VNG BI
4.2.1. Cc thng s ca s thay th:

* in tr v in khng my bin p:
Sm = 800 kVA
Pn = 10,5 kV
U n% = 5 %
Pn .U 2 dm 0,0105.(0,4) 2
RB= = = 2,625 m
S 2 dm 0,8 2
Un% .U 2 dm 5.(0,4) 2
XB= = = 12,5 m
100.S 2 dm 100.0,8 2
* Thanh gp trong t phn phi - TG1:
Kch thc: 100 x 10 mm2 mi pha ghp ba thanh
Chiu di: 1 = 1,2 m
Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc: D = 300 mm
Tra bng 4.11 (TL1), tm c:
1 1
r0 = 0,020 m/m RTG1 = .r0 .l = .0,020.1,2 = 0,008 m
3 3
1 1
x0 = 0,157 m/m XTG1 = .x 0 .l = .0,157.1,2 = 0,0628 m
3 3
* Thanh gp trm bin p phn xng - TG2:
Kch thc: 100 x 10 mm2 mi pha ghp ba thanh
chn theo iu kin: khc. Icp > Ittpx = 226,21 A ( ly khc = 1 )
Chn loi thanh ci bng ng c kch thc: 30x3 mm2 vi Icp = 405
A
Chiu di: 1 = 1,2 m
Khong cch trung bnh hnh hc: D = 300 mm
r0 = 0,223 m/m RTG2 = .r0 .l = 0,223.1,2 = 0,2676 m
x0 = 0,235 m/m XTG2 = .x 0 .l = 0,235.1,2 = 0,282 m
* in tr v in khng ca MCCB
Tra PL 3.12 v PL 3.13 (TL1) tm c:
MCCB loi C801 N RA1 = 0,12 m
XA1 = 0,094 m
MCCB loi NS250N: RA2 = 0,36 m
69
VNG BI
XA2 = 0,28 m
RT2 = 0,6 m
MCCB loi NC100H: RA3 = 1,3 m
XA3 = 0,86 m
RT3 = 0,75 m
2
* Cp tit din 3*70+50 mm - C1:
Chiu di: 1 = 30 m
r0 = 0,193 m/m RC1 = .r0 .l = 0,193.30 = 5,79 m
x0 = 0,17 m/m XC1 = .x0 .l = 0,17.30 = 2,55 m
* Cp tit din 4G16 mm2 - C2:
Chiu di: 1 = 60 m
r0 = 1,15 m/m RC2 = .r0 .l = 1,15.60 = 69 m
x0 = 0,0947 m/m XC2 = x 0 .l = 0,0947.60 = 5,682 m
4.2.2. Tnh ton ngn mch v kim tra cc thit b chn:
1. Tnh ngn mch ti N1
R1 = RB + RA1 + RTG1 + 2. RA2 +2. RT2 + RC1
R1 = 0,00575 + 0,12 + 0,008 +2. 0,36 + 2. 0,6 + 5,79 = 7,84 m
X1 = X B + X A1 + X TG1 + 2. XTG2 + X C1
= 0,04 + 0,094 + 0,0628 + 2. 0,28 + 2,55 = 3,31 m
Z1 = R 2 1 + X 2 1 = 7,842 + 3,312 = 8,7 m
U 250
IN1 = = = 16,6 kA
3.Z 1 3.8,7
ixk1 = 2 .1,8.I N1 = 2.1,8.16,6 = 42,26 kA
Kim tra MCCB: Loi NS250N c Ict N = 50 kA
Loi NS100N c Ict N = 25 kA
Vy cc MCCB chn tho mn iu kin n nh ng.
Kim tra cp tit din 3*70+50 mm2:
Tit din n nh nhit ca cp
F > . I. t qd = 6.16,6. 0,4 = 62,99 mm2
70
VNG BI
Vy chn cp 3*70+50 mm2 l hp l.

2. Tnh ngn mch ti N2
R2 = R1 + 2. RA3 + 2. RT3 + RTG2 + RC2
R2 = 7,84 + 2.1,3 + 2.0,75 + 0,2676 + 69 = 81,2 m
X2 = X 1 + 2. X A3 + X TG2 + X C2
= 3,31 + 2.0,86 + 0,282 + 5,682 = 10,99 m
Z1 = R2 2 + X 2 2 = 81,22 + 10,992 = 82,02 m
U 250
IN1 = = = 1,76 kA
3.Z 2 3.82,02
ixk2 = 2 .1,8.I N 2 = 2.1,8.1,76 = 4, 48 kA
Kim tra MCCB: Loi NS100N c Ict N = 25 kV
Vy cc MCCB chn tho mn iu kin n nh ng.
Kim tra cp tit din 4G16 mm2:
Tit din n nh nhit ca cp
F > . I. t qd = 6.1,76. 0,4 = 6,68 mm2
Vy chn cp 4G16 l hp l.
4.3. La chn thit b trong cc t dng lc v dy dn n cc thit b
ca phn xng:
Cc MCCB tng ca cc t ng lc c ng lc c thng s tng
t cc ptmt nhnh tng ng trong t phn phi, kt qu la chn ghi
trong bng 4.3.
Hnh 4.4 - S t ng lc
AT
Bng 4.3 - Kt qu la chn MCCB tng trong cc TL.
71
VNG BI
T ng lc ITT(A) loi IM (A) Um(V) Im(A) Ict n(kA)
L1 79,3 NS100N 100 415 25 4

L2 84,65 NS100N 100 415 25 4
L3 37,34 C60H 20 415 15 4
L4 61,89 NS100N 80 415 25 4
Cc MCCB n cc thit b v nhm thit b trong cc t ng lc

cng c chn theo cc iu kin nu phn trn. V d chn MCCB
cho ng cp t TL1 n my tin ren 4,5 kW v my tin ren 3,2 kW,
cos = 0,6:
Um.A > Um.m = 0,38 kV
Ptt 4,5 + 3,2
Im.A > Itt = = = 19,5 A
3. cos .U dm.m 3.0,6.0,38
Chn MCB loi NC45a do hng Merlin Gerin ch to c Im.A = 25 A;
Ict N = 4,5 kA; Um.A = 400 V; 4cc
3. Cc ng cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php: khc. Icp > Itt
Trong : Itt - dng in tnh ton ca ng c.
Icp - dng in pht nng cho php tng ng vi tng loi dy, tng
tit din. khc - h s hiu chnh, ly khc = 1.
V kim tra phi hp vi thitb bo v ca cp, khi bo v bng ptmt:
I kddt 1,25.I dmA
Icp > = A
1,5 1,5
V d: Chn cp t t L1 n my tin ren 4,5 kW v my tin ren
3,2 kW. cos = 0,6 Icp > Itt = 19,5 A
I 1,25.I dmA 1,25.20
Icp > kddt = = = 16,67 A
1,5 1,5 1,5
Kt hp hai iu kin trn ta chn cp ng bn li cch in PVC
do hng LENS ch to tit din 2,5 mm2 vi Icp = 25 A. Cp c t trong
ng thp c ng knh 3/4" chn di nn phn xng.
Cc MCCB, MCB v ng cp khc c chn tng t, kt qu
ghi trong bng 4.4. Do cng sut ca thit b trong phn xng khng ln
v u c bo v bng ptmt nn y khng tnh ton ngn mch
trong phn xng kim tra cc thit b la chn theo iu kin n nh
ng v n nh nhit.
72
VNG BI
Bng 4.4 - Kt qu chn MCB trong cc TL v cp n cc thit b.

S Ph ti dy dn MCB
Trn
Tn my B.V Ptt Itt tit Icp M Im Ikddi/1,5
D thp
(kw) (A) din (A) Hiu (A) (A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NHM I
My tin ren 1 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 1 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 1 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 1 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 2 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 2 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 2 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 2 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My doa to 3 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My doa ngang 4 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
NHM II
My phay vn nng 5 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My phay ngang 6 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My phay chp hnh 7 5,62 14,2 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My phay ng 8 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My phay ng 8 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My bo ngang 12 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My bo ngang 12 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My bo gng1 tr 13 10,0 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My xc 14 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My xc 14 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My khoan hng tm 15 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My khoan ng 16 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
NHM III
My mi trn 17 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 25 20,83
My mi trn vn
18 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
nng
M.mi phng trc 19 10,0 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
73
VNG BI
ng
M.mi phng trc nm 20 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My p thu lc 21 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My khoan bn 22 0,65 1,65 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 6 5,0
My mi sc 23 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My mi sc 23 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My ra 27 1,0 2,53 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 6 5
My mi sc cc dao
28 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
ct gt
NHM IV
My tin ren 1 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My tin ren 1 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My tin ren 2 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My tin ren 2 4,5 11,4 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My tin ren 3 3,2 8.1 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My tin ren 3 3,2 8.1 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My tin ren 4 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My tin ren 4 10 25,32 4G2,5 31 3/4" NC45a 30 25
My khoan ng 5 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 13,33
My khoan ng 6 7,0 17,73 4G2,5 23 3/4" NC45a 20 16,67
My bo ngang 8 5,8 14,7 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My mi trn vn
9 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
nng
My mi phng 10 4,0 10,13 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 16 13,33
My ca 11 2,8 7,09 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My mi 2 pha 12 2,8 7,0 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 10 8,33
My khoan bn 13 0,65 1,65 4G1,5 23 3/4" NC45a 6 5
74
VNG BI
CHNG V.
TNH TON B CNG SUT PHN KHNG NNG CA0
H S CNG SUT CHO NH MY
5.1. T VN :
Vn s dng hp l v tit kim in nng trong cc x nghip
cng nghip c ngha rt ln i vi nn kinh t v cc x nghip ny tiu
th khong 55% tng s in nng c sn sut ra. H s cng sut cos
l mt trong cc ch tiu nh gi x nghip dng in c hp l v tit
75
VNG BI
kim hay khng. Nng cao h s cng sut cos l mt ch trng lu di

gn lin vi mc ch pht huy hiu qu cao nht qu trnh sn sut, phn
phi v s dng in nng.
Phn ln cc thit b tiu dng in u tiu th cng sut tc dng P
v cng sut phn khng Q. Cng sut tc dng l cng sut c bin
thnh c nng hoc nhit nng trong thit b dng in, cn cng sut phn
khng Q l cng sut t ho trong my in xoay chiu, n khng sinh ra
cng. Qu trnh trao i cng sut phn khng gia my pht v h tiu th
dng in l mt qu trnh dao ng. Mi chu k ca dng in, Q i
chiu bn ln, gi tr trung bnh ca Q trong 1/2 chu k ca dng in bng
khng. Vic to ra cng sut phn khng khng i hi tiu tn nng lng
ca ng c s cp quay my pht in. Mt khc cng sut phn khng
cung cp cho h tiu dng in khng nht thit phi ly t ngun. V vy
trnh truyn ti mt lng Q kh ln trn ng dy, ngi ta t gn
cc h tiu dng in cc my sinh ra Q (t in, my b ng b,... )
cung cp trc tip cho ph ti, lm nh vy c gi l b cng sut phn
khng. Khi b cng sut phn khng th gc lch pha gia dng in v
in p trong mch s nh i, do h s cng sut cos ca mng c
P
nng cao, gia P, Q v gc c quan h sau: =arctg
Q
Khi lng P khng i, nh c b cng sut phn khng, lng Q
truyn ti trn ng dy gim xung, do gc gim, kt qu l cos
tng ln.
H s cng sut cos c nng cao ln s a n nhng hiu qu sau:
* Gim c tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng trong mng
in.
* Gim c tn tht in p trong mng in.
* Tng kh nng truyn ti ca ng dy v my bin p.
* Tng kh nng pht ca my pht in.
Cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut cos
* Nng cao h s cng sut cos t nhin: l tm cc bin php
cc h tiu th in gim bt c lng cng sut phn khng tiu th
nh: hp l ho cc qu trnh sn xut, gim thi gian chy khng ti ca
cc ng c, thay th cc ng c thng xuyn lm vic non ti bng cc
76
VNG BI
ng c c cng sut hp l hn,... Nng cao h s cng sut cos t nhin

rt c li v a li hiu qu kinh t lu di m khng phi t thm thit b
b.
* Nng cao h s cng sut cos bng bin php b cng sut phn
khng. Thc cht l t cc thit b b gn cc h tiu dng in cung
cp cng sut phn khng theo yu cu ca chng.
5.2. CHN THIT B B:
b cng sut phn khng cho cc h thng cung cp in c th
s dng t in tnh, my b ng b, ng c ng b lm vic ch
qu kch thch,... y ta la chn cc b t in tnh lm thit b b cho
nh my. S dng cc b t in tnh lm thit b b cho nh my. S
dng cc b t in c u im l tiu hao t cng sut tc dng, khng c
phn quay nh my b ng nn lp rp, vn hnh v bo qun d dng.
T in c ch to thnh tng n v nh, v th c th tu theo s pht
trin ca cc ph ti trong qu trnh sn xut m chng ta ghp dn t in
vo mng khin hiu sut s dng cao v khng phi b vn u t ngay
mt lc. Tuy nhin, t in cng c mt s nhc im nht nh. Trong
thc t vi cc nh my x nghip c cng sut khng tht ln thng dng
t in tnh b cng sut phn khng nhm mc ch nng cao h s
cng sut.
V tr cc thit b b nh hng rt nhiu n hiu qu b. Cc b t
in b c th t TPPTT, thanh ci cao p, h p ca TBAPP, ti cc t
phn phi, t ng lc hoc ti u cc ccph ti ln. xc nh chnh
xc v tr v dung lng t cc thit b b cn phi tnh ton so snh kinh t
k thut cho tng phng n t b cho h thng cung cp in c th.
Song theo kinh nghim thc t, trong trng hp cng sut v dung lng
b cng sut phn khng ca cc nh my, thit b khng tht ln c th
phn b dung lng b cn thit t ti thanh ci h p ca cc TBAPX
gim nh vn t v thun li cho cng tc qun l, vn hnh.
5.3. XC NH V PHN B DUNG LNG B:

5.3.1. Xc nh dung lng b:
Dung lng b cn thit cho nh my c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Qb = Pttnm . (tg1 - tg2) .
77
VNG BI
Trong :
Pttnm - ph ti tc dng tnh ton ca nh my (kW).
1 - gc ng vi h s cng sut trung bnh trc khi b, cos1 = 0,7
2 - gc ng vi h s cng sut bt buc sau khi b, cos2 = 0,95
- h s xt ti kh nng nng cp cos bng nhng bin php
khng i hi t thit b b, =0,9 1.
Vi nh my ang thit k ta tm c dung lng b cn thit:
Qb = Pttmn . (tg1 - tg2) .
= 5372,46(1,02- 0,33).1= 3706,997 kVAr
5.3.2. Phn b dung lng b cho cc TBAPX.
T trm phn phi trung tm v cc my bin p phn xng l mng
hnh tia gm 6 nhnh c s nguyn l thay th tnh ton nh sau:
Hnh 5.2: S thay th mng cao p phn b dung lng b
TPPTT
RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 RC5 RC6
RB1 RB2 RB3 RB4 RB5 RB6
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6
Qb1 Qb2 Qb3 Qb4 Qb5 Qb6
Cng thc tnh dung lng b ti u cho cc nhnh ca mng hnh tia:
(Q Q b )
Qbi = Qi - .R td
Ri
Trong :
Qbi - cng sut phn khng cn b ti t ti ph ti th i [kVAr]
Qi - cng sut tnh ton phn khng ng vi ph ti th i [kVAr]
78
VNG BI
6
Q= Q
i =1
1 - ph ti tnh ton phn khng tng ca nh my.
Q = 6997,37 kVAr
Ri - in tr ca nhnh th i [].
1
1 1 1
Rt = + + ... +
1
R R 21 Rn
- in tr tng ng ca mng. [].
Thay s vo ta c:
1
1 1 1
Rt = + + ... +
R1 R 21 Rn
1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + + + = 0,0114
0,081 0,081 0,037 0,338 0,037 0,162
Xc nh dung lng b ti u cho tng nhnh
0,0114
Qb1 =(72 +1596) - (6997,37 - 3706,997). = 1204,91
0,081
kVAr
0,0114
Qb2 =1396,5 - (6997,37 - 3706,997). = 933,41 kVAr
0,081
0,0114
Qb3 = 1197 - (6997,37 - 3706,997). = 208,2 kVAr
0,037
0,0114
Qb4 = (105,168+180 + 99,2 ) -(6997,37 - 3706,997). = 273,89 kVAr
0,338
0,0114
Qb5 = 997,5 - (6997,37 - 3706,997). = -16,29 kVAr
0,037
0,0114
Qb6 = (1064 + 270 ) - (6997,37 - 3706,997). = 1102,445 kVAr
0,037
Qb = (1204,91+933,41+208,2-16,29+273,89+1102,455 ) =3706,58 kVAr
Kt qu phn b dung lng b cho tng nhnh c ghi trong bng5.4.
Bng 5.4 - kt qu phn b dung lng b trong nh my
79
VNG BI
Tuyn cp R Qtt Qb Loi t Qt S.lng

() (kVAr) (kVAr) (kVAr)
TPPTT - B1 0,081 1668 1204,91 KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 50 25
TPPTT - B2 0,081 1396,5 933,41 KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 50 19
TPPTT - B3 0,037 1197 208,2 KC2-0,38-28-3Y1 28 8
TPPTT - B4 0,338 384,368 273,89 KC2-0,38-28-3Y1 28 10
TPPTT - B6 0,162 1334 1102,455 KC2-0,38-50-3Y3 50 23
Ring nhnh TPPTT - B5 ta khng cn b.
Hnh 5.3 - S lp rp t b cos cho trm 2 my bin p
T T phn T b T ptmt T b T phn T

ptmt phi cho cos phn on cos phi cho ptmt
tng cc PX cc PX tng
80
VNG BI
CHNG VI.
THIT K H THNG CHIU SNG CHUNG
CA PHN XNG SA CHA C KH
6.1. T VN :
Trong cc nh my, x nghip cng nghip h thng chiu sng c
vai tr quan trng trong vic m bo cht lng sn phm, nng cao nng
sut lao ng, an ton trong sn xut v sc kho ca ngi lao ng. Nu
nh sng khng , ngi lao ng s phi lm vic trng thi cng thng,
hi mt v nh hng nhiu n sc kho, kt qu hng lot sn phm
khng t tiu chun k thut v nng sut lao ng thp, thm ch cn gy
tai nn trong khi lm vic. Cng v vy h thng chiu sng phi m bo
cc yu cu sau:
* Khng b lo mt.
* Khng b lo do phn x.
* Khng to ra nhng khong ti bi nhng vt b che khut.
Phi c ri ng u.
* Phi to c nh sng cng gn nh sng t nhin cng tt.
6.2. LA CHN S LNG V CNG SUT CA H THNG
N CHIU SNG CHUNG:
H thng chiu sng chung ca phn xng ca phn xng Sa
cha c kh s dng ci bng n si t sn sut ti Vit Nam.
Phn xng Sa cha c kh c chia thnh 2 dy nh:
Dy nh s 1: Chiu di (a1): 42 m
Chiu rng (b1): 25 m
Dy nh s 1: Chiu di (a2): 33 m
Chiu rng (b2): 25 m
Tng din tch: 1875 m2.
Ngun in s dng: U = 220V ly t t chiu sng ca TBA ca
phn xng B4.
ri yu cu: E = 30 Lx
H s d tr: k = 1,3
Khong cch t n n mt cng tc:
H = h - hc - hIv = 4,5 - 0,7 - 0,8 = 3 m
81
VNG BI
Trong : h - chiu cao ca phn xng (tnh t nn n trn ca

phn xng).
h = 4,5 m
hc - khong cch t trn n n, hc = 0,7 m
hIv - chiu cao t nn phn xng n mt cng tc, hc = 0,8 m.
H s phn x ca trn: ptr = 30%.
* tnh ton chiu sng cho phn xng SCCK y ta p dng
phng php h s s dng:
Hnh 6.1 - S tnh ton chiu sng
hc = 0,7m
hlv
Cng thc tnh ton:

E.S .Z .k
F=
n.k sd
Trong :
F - quang thng ca mi n, (lumen),
E - ri yu cu, (lx)
S - din tch cn chiu sng, (m2)
k - h s d tr.
n - s bng n c trong h thng chiu sng chung,
ksd - h s s dng,
Z - h s ph thuc vo loi n v t s L/H, thng ly
Z = 0,8 1,4,
82
VNG BI
Tra bng 10 - 7 (trang 191, TL1) tm c L/H = 1,8

L = 1,8 . H = 1,8 . 3 = 5,4 m, chn L = 5 m.
Cn c vo mt bng phn xng ta s b tr n nh sau:
Dy nh s 1 b tr 9 dy n, mi dy gm 5 bng, khong cch
gia cc n l 5 m, khong cch t tng phn xng n dy n gn
nht theo chiu di phn xng l 2,5 m, theo chiu rng phn xng l 1,5
m. Tng s bng n cn dng n1 = 45 bng.
Dy nh s 2 b tr 7 dy n, mi dy gm 5 bng, khong cch
gia cc n l 5 m, khong cch t tng phn xng n dy n gn
nht theo chiu di phn xng l 2,5 m, theo chiu rng phn xng l 1
m. Tng s bng n cn dng n1 = 35 bng.
Ch s ca bng:
a.b
=
H.(a.b )
a.b
1 =
H.(a.b )
a.b
2 =
H.(a.b )
y ai, bi - chiu rng v chiu di ca nh xng th i.
Tra PL 6.7 (TL1) ta c: ksd1 = 0,47 v ksd2 = 0,44.
Quang thng ca mi n:
E.S.Z.k
F1 =
n.k sd
E.S.Z.k
F2 =
n.k sd
Chn n si t cng sut P = 200 W, c quang thng F = 2528 lm.
Tng cng cng sut chiu sng ton phn xng:
Pcs= n.P = 80.200 = 16 kW
6.3. THIT K MNG IN CA H THNG CHIU SNG CHUNG:
cung cp in cho h thng chiu sng chung ca phn xng ta
t mt t chiu sng trong phn xng gm mt ptmt loi 3 pha bn
cc v 16 ptmt nhnh mt pha hai cc, trong 16 ptmt cp cho 16
dy n mi dy c 5 bng,
Chn MCB tng:
Chn MCB theo iu kin sau:
83
VNG BI
in p nh mc: Um.A > Um.m = 0,38 kV

Pcs 16
Dng in nh mc: Im.A > Itt = = = 24,309 A
3. cos .U dm.m 3.1.0,38
Chn MCB loi C60L do hng Merlin Gerin ch to c cc thng s sau:
Im.A = 25 A; Ict N = 20 kA; Um.A = 415 V; 4cc
Chn cp t phn phi phn xng n t chiu sng:
Chn cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php:
iu kin chn cp: khc . Icp > Itt
Trong :
Itt - dng in tnh ton ca nhm ph ti.
Icp - dng in pht nng cho php, tng ng vi tng loi dy, tng
tit din.
khc - h s hiu chnh, y ly khc = 1.
Kim tra theo iu kin phi hp v thit b ba v ca cp, khi bo
v bng ptmt:
I kddt 1,25.25
Icp > = = 20,83 A
1,5 1,5
Chn cp 4G 1,5mm2 cch in PVC ca hng LENS c Icp = 31A.
* Chn MCB nhnh:
Chn MCB cho dy gm 5 bng:
in p nh mc: Um.A > Um.m = 0,38 kV
Ptt 5.0,2
Dng in nh mc: Im.A > Itt = = = 4,55 A
.U dm.m 0,22
Chn MCB loi NC45a do hng Merlin Gerin ch to c cc thng s sau:
Im.A = 6 A; Ict N = 4,5 kA; Um.A = 415 V; 2cc
Chn cp t phn phi phn xng n t chiu sng:
Chn cp theo iu kin pht nng cho php:
khc . Icp > Itt
Kim tra theo iu kin phi hp v thit b ba v ca cp, khi bo
v bng ptmt:
I kddt 1,25.6
Icp > = =5 A
1,5 1,5
Chn loi cp ng 2 li tit din 2 x 1,5 mm2 c Icp = 26 A cch in
PVC ca hng LENS ch to.
84

Thiet Ke Cung Cap Dien Cho Nha May SX Vong Bi

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Thiet Ke Cung Cap Dien Cho Nha May SX Vong Bi

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GII THIU CHUNG V NH MY

Nh my ch to Vng Bi c xy dng trn a bn vi quy m kh ln

S TRN CNG SUT T DIN TCH

Nh my c nhim v ch to Vng Bi cung cp cho cc ngnh

Cc ni dung tnh ton, thit k bao gm:

3. Phng php xc nh PTTT theo cng sut trung bnh v lch

ng tuy nhin chng kh n gin v tin li. Cc phng php cn li

2.2.XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA PHN XNG SA

S thit b dng in hiu qu nhq l s thit b c cng cng sut, cng

bng s thit b trong nhm.

c. Khi khng p dng c cc trng hp trn, vic xc nh nhq phi

P v P1 - tng cng sut ca n v n1 thit b

* Nu n>3 v nhq <4, ph ti tnh ton c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong : kti - h s ph ti ca thit b th "i". Nu khng c s liu

* i vi thit b c th ph ti bng phng (cc my bm, qut nn

1. Phn nhm ph ti:

BNG 2.1- TNG HP KT QU PHN NHM PH TI IN.

Cng nhm I: 10 89 225,36

30 My khoan ng 1 5 2,8 2,8 7,09

Bng 2.2 - Danh sch thit b thuc nhm 1.

1 My tin ren 4 1 10 40 4*25,32

Tra bng PL1.1 (TL1) tm c ksd= 0,16; cos= 0,6 ta c:

Tra bng PL1.4 (TL1) tm c nhq*= 0,89

Qtt = Ptt. tg = 31,32. 1,33 = 41,66 kVAr

Trong : Ikd max - dng in khi ng ca thit b c dng in khi ng

Bng 2.3 - Danh sch cc thit b thuc nhm II

5 My phay vn nng 2 5 7,0 14 2*17,73

13 My bo ngang 1 tr 1 13 10,0 10 25,32

Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm II:

Qtt = Ptt. tg = 28,36. 1,33 = 37,71 kVAr

Bng 2.4 - Danh sch cc thit b thuc nhm III

21 My p thu lc 1 21 4,5 4,5 11,4

Ph ti tnh ton ca nhm III:

Qtt = Ptt. tg = 14,74. 1,33 = 19,6 kVAr

1 My tin ren 2 1 7.0 14 2*17,73

7 My phay vn nng 1 7 4,5 4,5 11,4

Tra bng PL1.4 (TL1) tm c nhq*= 0,81

Qtt = Ptt. tg = 32,49 kVAr

3. TNH TON PH TI CHIU SNG CA PHN XNG SCCK:

+ Ph ti tc dng ca phn xng:

Trong : kdt - h s ng thi ca ton phn xng, ly kt = 0,8.

+ Ph ti ton phn ca ton phn xng k c chiu sng:

Sttpx= ( Ppx + Pcs ) 2 + Q 2 px = (79,08 + 26,25)2 + 105,168 2 =148,84 kVA

P1 . cos 1 + P2 . cos 2 + .. + Pn . cos n

2.3.2. Xc nh PTTT ca cc phn xng:

Qcs = Pcs . tgcs = 0

Tra bng PL1.7 (TL1), ta c sut chiu sng p0 = 0,014 kW/m2, y

Stt = Ptt2 + Qtt2 = 869,7 2 + 997,52 = 1323,399 kVA

8. Phn xng Rn:

* Cng sut tnh ton chiu sng:

Cng sut t: 200 kW

BNG 2.9 - PH TI TNH TON CA CC PHN XNG

1 Phng th nghim 120 0,8 0,8 20 96 186,6 264,6 72 274,22 416,75

2.4 XC NH PH TI TNH TON CA NH MY:

Qttnm = 0,8 x 6997,37 = 5597,89 kVAr

Kt qu tnh ton Ri v csi ca biu thc ph ti cc phn xng

(kW) (kW) (kVA) X (mm) Y (mm) (mm)

1 Phng th nghim 168,6 264,6 274,22 0,5 3,5 5,4 229,39

9 B phn Nn p 15,7 375,7 462,66 6,6 5,2 7 15

274,22.0,5 + 1877,16.2,3 + 2114,4.2,3 + 1597,22.4,3 + 1323,399.4,5 + 148,84.5,8

4. Thit k chi tit cho phng n c chn.

3.2.1. Phng n v cc trm bin p phn xng:

qu ti khng qu 5 ngy m, thi gian qu ti trong mt ngy m khng