9.

1
9.11 1
d h

d 9.1-1

r z
r

- r rhd + ( r + d r )(r + dr)hd - 2 hsin
dr 2 rd d = 0 (9.11)
2
r 2 h = const

d (r 2 h ) = 0

dh dr
+2 =0 (9.12) x x + d x
h r

d z + 2d r = 0 (9.13)
d z + d r + d = 0
d r = d (9.14)
LevyMises

d r d d z
= = (9.14)
sr s sz d x + d x
x
s r = s r =
9.11

sin =
2 2
:
d r 2
=0 (9.15)
dr h
d r > 0 r r ()
r r = 0

:
= z (9.16)

1
 = s (9.17)

1
(9.16)(9.15)
dr
d r = 2 z (9.18)
h
z 3 r

r + z = s
d r + d z = 0 (9.19)

d z dr
= 2 (9.110)
z h

x
ln z = 2 +c (9.111)
h

: r t=
d = 0 z = s
2

2 d
( r )
z = se h 2
(9.112)

(9.112) r


2 d

d
h 2 dh

( r ) d
P=
2
se h 2
2rdr = () (e 1 ) s (9.113)
0 2 d h

p
h 2 dh d
p = 2( ) (e 1 ) s
d h
d

h
2
(9.17)
dx
d r = 2 s = d z (9.114)
h

2 s
z = x+c (9.115)
h

: r t=
d = 0 z = s
2

2
 s
c = 2 s + d
h
(9.1-15)
x d
z = 2 s (1 + ) (9.116)
h 2h

d

x d
P= 2 s (1 + ) 2rdr
2

0 h 2h
d 2 d
= s (1 + ) (9.117)
2 6h
:
d
p = 2 s (1 + )
6h
3
1
= z = s s = s
3
r = Rb
h 1
d b = d ln (9.118)
3

2 d
( r )
z1 = s e h 2
(9.119)
db 1
r = z = s
2 3
s s
c3 = db
3 3h

d 2r 1
z = s ( b + ) (9.120)
3h h
d

Rb
P3 = z 31 2 rdr + db
2
z 31 2rdr
0
2

h
(d d ) 1 d b d 1
2

= s 1 e h + + (9.121)
b

3 2h h

4 s h
(d d ) 1 d b d 1
2

p= 1 + +
b

e
h

d2 3 2h h

3
 p p p

r r
r
d/2 d/2
d/2
(a) (b) (c)
9.12

9.2

(
9.21)
P P

(a) (b)

9.21

1.

2
,

3**

( 9.1-2)
l
2 2 xa
l
2 l 3 4 1
s 3 4

3 2

500 1000MPa
2

P Db


xc Da
xa l a
xb

lb

l
9.22

ra
ra F ( 9.23)

ra s ra

s
s =
2 f ra Da
:

xb Rb2 = b lb 2 Rb (9.21) la

lb
9.23
xa
xb = s (9.22)
Rb

5
 c c = s D
n dxtg d
dx D 2
df = d
df cos 2 n
dx

D
d
cos 2

:
dx d
dT = s rd (9.23)
cos x

x + d x
dx
dT x = s rd cos = s dx rd
cos

(9.24) 9.23

:
2

T x = s dx rd = 2 s rdx
0
(9.25)

dr
dx = (9.26)
tg

r
T x = 2 s dr (9.27)
tg
()
60
df
dx
dN = 2 rd (9.28)
cos

dx
dN x = 2 rd sin = tg 2 dx rd (9.29)
cos

N x = tg 2 dx rd = 2 2 rdr
0
(9.210)

Px = = ( x + d x ) (r + dr ) 2 x r 2 (9.211)

Px = (2 x rdr + r 2 d x ) (9.212)

: Px N x T x = 0

6
 r
x dr + d x 2 dr s dr = 0 (9.213)
2 tg
2 x = s

1 dr
d x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) (9.214)
3 r

1
x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln r + c (9.215)
3

r = Rb x = xb

lb ctg
c =s 2 s (1 + ) ln Rb (9.216)
Rb 3

1 r l
x = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln + 2 s b (9.217)
3 Rb Rb
r = R a x = xa
1 Ra l
xa = 2 s (1 + ctg ) ln + 2 s b (9.218)
3 Rb Rb

ra fa

1
fa = s (9.219)
3

l 2R 2 la
P = x 0 = xb + s a 2 a = xa + s (9.220)
Ra 3 Ra

(9.218)(9.220)
1 l 2l
p = s (1 + cos ) ln + s b + s b (9.221)
3 Rb 3 Ra
Fa R
= = ( a ) 2 Fa Fb
Fb Rb
P

P = R a2 p (9.222)

l a ( l b' )

7
 R a Rb
l a = l b'
4tg
R0 2
l b' = l 0 ( ) (9.223)
Ra
R 0 l 0
185mm 185 545mm 60mm
v = 28mm / s l b = 5mm P

Ra 2 185 2
=( ) =( ) = 9.
Rb 60
Db2 D a2 185 2 60 2
= = = 89.5 , = 0.5 = 45
Db2 185 2
6v b tg 6 28 0.895 tg 60
& = = = 1.45s 1
1 1
D b (1 185(1
3 9.5 3

t = 860C & = 1.45s -1 = 45 , T1 s = 45MPa

1 l b s 2l b
p = s (1 + cos ) ln + s +
3 Rb 3 Ra
180 2 185 60
545( )
1 5 4 185 2tg 60 0
= 45[(1 + cos 60 0 ) ln 9.5 + s + ]
3 60 3 185
412MPa

185 2
P = 412 ( ) 11070kN
2

p = s [(1 +
3
a
cos ) ln +
l lS b
+
1 2l b
] (9.223)
3 2 F b 3 Ra

a=
l s

1.13 F b

l s

F b

8
 a
a a

a 3 a

(1)

Db 'f

(
d' Da
9.24)
( 'f

1 R R 9.24
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln
3 R

lb 4 2l b
+ + (9.224)
Rb R 3 a R
R

P = p ( R a2 R2 (9.225)

1
R R = ( R a + Rb )
2

R
R

R a2 R 2
= (9.226)
Rb2 R2

( 9.24 )(9.224)(9.225)(9.226)

R R

(2)
9


1 R R lb 4 2l b
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + + ]
3 R R b
R 3 a R
R

P = p ( R a2 R2 (9.227)

(1)
1 l
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + b ] (9.228)
3 R b

(2)

p = s [(1 +
3
a
cos ) ln +
l l ]
S b
(9.229)
3 2 F b

(3)

1 R R lb
p = s [(1 + cos ) ln + ] (9.230)
3 R Rb R

9.3
( r
) x

x
r z
9.31 r (
s r < s z ,

< 0.1
9.31

(
)

10
 9.32 dx

9.32 dx

dx ntg dx rd
n rd
cos

2Ri d r dx
dx
P
dx 2Ro x + dx x

xo
x

xi

(a) (b)

9.32

D
Px = ( Dd x + 2 x dD) (9.31)
4
x :

Nx = rN DdD (9.32)
2
x :

Tx = rN DdD (9.33)
2


D( Dd x + 2 x dD) + rN DdD + rN DdD = 0 (9.34)
4 2 2tg


Dd x + 2 x dD + 2(1 + ) rN dD = 0 (9.35)
tg
:
x + rN = s (9.36)

(9.35) B =
tg

11
 d x 2dD
= (9.37)
B x (1 + B ) s D
(9.37)
1
ln[ B x (1 + B ) s ] = 2 ln D + c
B
D = Di x = i :
1
c= ln[ B i (1 + B ) s ] 2 ln Di
B

1+ B D
2B 2B
D
x = 1 s + i (9.38)
B Di
Di

x = x o D = D o x = o

1 + B Do
2B 2B
D
xo = 1 s + o i (9.39)
B Di D
i

2
D
= o
Di

1+ B
1 1
xo = 1 B s + B i (9.310)
B
xi
(9.310)
1+ B1
xo = 1 B s (9.311)
B
B0 = 0 (9.37)
d x 2dD
= (9.312)
s D

x
= 2 ln D + c
s
D = Di x = xi :

c = xi 2 ln Di
s

2
D
x = s ln + xi (9.313)
Di

x = x o D = D o x = o

12
 2
D
xo = s ln o + xi = s ln + xi
(9.314)
Di

xo
xo
9.33

d x Do2 = ro D o dx (9.315)
4
1
d x Do = ro dx (9.316)
4
:
x + ro = s (9.317)

d x 4 n
= dx (9.318)
s x Do
n

d x 4
dx
lo
=
d

xo Do 0
x x + d x
s x

1 xo
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.319) 9.33
dx
Do
e

d
xo

Do


P =d D o2
4

1)
D2
= b2
Da
2) f
f
B=
tg
xa
3) B
s

13
 d
4)
s
5)
1
( b + a )
=
2
Db
D0
LY12 50mm 40mm

35mm = 12 o l a = 3mm f = 0.09

xa
3) = 0.36
s0

d 1 0.36
4) = 1 40.093 = 0.38
s 35
e

1 50 2 40 2 50 2 35 2
5 = ( + ) = 43.5 %
2 50 2 50 2
6) LYl2 s = 260MPa

7) P = 0.38 260 35 2 = 95 KN
4

f n
n
n
x + d x
d

9.34

14
 ( 9.34)

( D 2 d 2 )d x + 2( D d ) x dD + 2 rn DdD + 2 rn D dD = 0 (9.320)
tg

3 rn > r

x + = s (9.321)
9.35

D
( D d )dx = rn dxsin d
0 2
D
= rn (9.322)
Dd

1+ B 1
xo = 1 B s (9.323)
B
B0:
xo = s ln (9.324)
(9.323)(9.324)(9.313)(9.314)

xo
1
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.325)
Do
e

P =d ( Do2 d 2 ) (9.326)
4
LF2 40 4mm
25 4mm = 12 f = 0.1 l a = 3mm P
:
30 4
1) = = 1.24
25 4
0.1
2) B= = 0.472
tg12

15
 xa 1 + 0.472 1
3) = (1 ) = 0.3
s 0.472 1.24 0.472

d 1 0.3
4) = 1 20.13 = 0.0286
s 25 4
e

1 1
5) = 0 + 1 = 9.65
2 1.24

IF2 s = 230MPa

6) P = 0.32 230 (25 2 17 2 ) = 19.4 KN
4

(bc)(ca)( 9.35)
(9.323)
c
xc
xa
(1)
9.35 c xc (9.324)
bc
no
f no
x + d x
b x
f 'ni
c a
db ni
da Da
Db

9.35

Fb Db s b
bc = = (9.327)
Fc D c s c

( 9.35 ca )( d c = d a )
r > n' > n
16
 n' = n
3416
2f
2 x DdD + ( D 2 d a2 )d x + 2 n DdD + n ( D + d a )dD = 0 (9.328)
tg
:
x + n = s (9.329)
:

d f da f
( D 2 d a2 )d x + 2 D s 1 + 1 + a x 1 + dD = 0 (9.330)
D tg D tg

da da f d
B = A = 1 + a
D D tg D

xa 1 + A 1
A A
1
= 1 + xa (9.331)
s A ca
s
ca



9.331

xa 1 + A 1 1
A A

= 1 + xc
(9.332)
a A ca
s ca

d
( 9.36) n 3 2
no
f no
x x + d x

1 xo f ni
s
d = (1 4 l o
) s (9.333) ni
Do d a
e dc
D a
d a
t a

9.36

10 H80 40 5mm
30 4mm 25 3.5mm = 10 l a = 4mm f = 0.09
P
1)
Db = 30 , d b = 22 , t b = 4
D a = 25 , d a = 18 , t a = 3.5
Dc = d a + 2t a = 26 , d c = d a = 18 , t c = t b = 4
17
 2)
30 4
bc = = 1.18
26 4
(26 4) 4
ca = = 1.17
(25 3.5) 3.5
3)
0.09
B= = 0.51
tg10
18
A = 1+ 0.51 = 0.87
0.5(26 + 25)
xa 1 + 0.87 1 1 + 0.51 1 1
4) = (1 )+ 1
s 0.87 1.17 0.487
0.51 1.18 1.17 0.87
0.51

= 0.27 + 0.209 = 0.479

d 1 0.479
= 1 20.09 4 = 0.58
s 3.5
e

(40 5) 5 (30 4) 4 (40 5) 5 (25 3.5) 3.5

=
1
2
[ ]
f + b = 0.5
(40 5) 5
+
(40 5) 5

=
0.5(40.6+56.7)=48.7
H70 s = 600MPa
5)
P = 0.58 600 (25 3.5) 3.5 = 82.2 KN
(2)

9.37
(c ) N 1 N 2
b
no
f no
ni + d x
c
x
a f ni
ni
P
2

9.37

18

9.37 (
)

tg 2
( D 2 d 2 )d x + 2 s D + (D + d )B d dD 2 x ( D + d ) BdD = 0 (9.334)
tg 1

(9.334)(9.328)(9.334)
tg 2
( d )(9.328) d a (9.334) d
tg 1
da + dc
d = d
2

xa 1 + A C 1
A
1
A

= 1
+ xa


(9.335)
s A ca s ca

d d + dc D + Dc f d tg 2
A = 1 + B d = a D = a B= C =
D 2 2 tg 1 D tg 1

1
2
(9.335)(9.332)C(9.335)

xa 1 + A C 1
A
1
A
C 1
A

= 1
+ xa

1

(9.336)
s A ca s ca A ca


d
xa (9.331)
s s
xa
(9.337)
s
(9.337)

2 = 7

1)
Db = 30 , d b = 22 , t b = 4
D a = 25 , d a = 18 , t a = 3.5

d c = 18 + 2 0.5ctg (10 7) sin 7 = 20.33

Dc = d a + 2t a = 20.33 + 2 4 = 28.33 , t c = t b = 4
2)
19
 30 4
bc = = 1.07
28.33 4
(28.33 4) 4
ca = = 1.29
(25 3.5) 3.5
3)
0.09
B= = 0.51
tg10
d 19.17
A = (1 + ) B = (1 + ) 0.51 = 0.88
D 26.67
19.17 tg 7
C= = 0.502
26.67 tg10

xa 1 + 0.88 1 1 + 0.51 1 1 0.502 1
= (1 )+ 1 1
s 0.88 1.29 0.488 0.51
0.51 1.07 1.29 0.88
0.88 1.29 0.88
= 0.43 + 0.065 0.108 = 0.387

d 1 0.387
4) = 1 20.09 4 = 0.50
s 3 .5
e

5)
P = 0.50 600 (25 3.5) 3.5 = 70.9 KN

20