9 | 2 ° 5 Ee S a 5 Cc s So 2, o & 5 = v8 ii‘symbo’s reguaty used in the description of General Bish vowas ‘cONsoNANIS nen lt eee 2 sie mer sop ‘eat ge ‘i abe rat re ‘Sy a. chy ate for Be sn eral ead ods le ad at habe ‘tiie ce ak ee be lt ‘cari un ae ‘nm comin ot Searcher a ‘Sie So hat gh cpm ec oie ‘ero ach ae Faia gh oe ‘hb cre ar atc ose ‘a Sako ot oman ‘ik Ca ah ath sen then she aera ‘Sone ie oe ro om rin a ‘ip coma ak ‘ic awe npn pare Ink, es pre smi. spe Bane om so gt omy. ge ‘ie ingen gue ‘ee pal mati spa rt er re eel he at ‘oot bon eee ew f & ‘ i 20 peat oe Seer and hw 1 cee ere mea cer Gimson’s Pronunciation of English Sle ita int pied i 18, Ginn Ponca fea ee Senet toes tn fare stb or chee oa sia ih aha en rou lly op debi wht in ‘ced Cel Bh (ye eet ral omen (ig ced cen te compan ace ae ‘Sei! ni ee en Tar he a ‘emer ne om MF ‘ier to he amt ns ai acinomae ice Covet ch nn ion cm lw eg se ‘hi Mig an Et Modo Els os aes steading ‘Trsutand me wissen depen Conn eet Gon Pract alah inde coe hoe syne wn xine Ess poenti ite ei om ah NE eS ret seen cc tc ete es sine ear, tor of Rong TELIISTigia econo esy ncannder olay ns Saar oe avd Deeg Us f Be, Daron “tan uk iho rnd ey fem eH, a ks ‘it pi of oo se nin othe romani of nih ‘Sie compo sera by Aan Cre, sb be ne bo of ‘ro eure or eth a rice on Tg Cnet Chi “Uni ed nf Cente cc ent wigan ‘ean nus Cio Canon me rab ‘rie! gndbensng ew soil cnpacn we Taek Win ei omar of he aes La, OX Gimson’s Pronunciation of English Eighth Edition Alan Cruttenden Ricsecee,fo ecg rot ng en en in nan gh rma gh ton Ja ee he eS eee Contents Forever othe Fitton (1982 Farad othe Eig Eon 201) ‘ orf fire or af abies {sof tet bones Li of phone bolton ign end aSbreations Tanase and speech 1 tnteedscon 1 anpige a ini IIET Phones prof gir 1113 Promeiton oo pling 15 Lesning 131 Pinca, plone ue an endasy 132 Acguting Egsh a an Li 15 Asgoang Eek an adionl language 221 Sour of ent mgs 222 The naan he vol ce 223 The smog coin 2: 4 Them of ech he scons ae ono mec 18 4 amen ° 3Y Sond qa & 53 Syumer % 22 torso eum > | Se Th sty ech 2 121 Pandan! gen: pik 2 553 sy comtney a | 322 inna ote a | 553 Shab mtr’ 2 323 Daou og au 26 Mowe nl one’ 3 3a Seow x | 57 rene tse S 33 ig | 53 Famine next tes 3S 4 Tee drgtn an antenionofpmchomnde 27 rete eed EB ‘The counds of English ” ole a he Mtr nakgroa . 2 S31" Eeesie pine como 3 | OES cotter 8 a 2 (60) aoa Ro we S eee A 12 vn eo é 135, Om od ee yl Sia Naya ena ® 138 foneead es a | mie 5 132 gente pine cmt 2 62 oem tae 135. Beare poate cman 2 | £22 Com cage a <3%o treme ste come 2 areas @ 221 pene soe eran | 624 Roi e a a 1626 The ilrce of ping a 1a)" Dita of esion z os eh 8 222i wore | S55 Cama Oe Eahomd em a peal Hl 64 Me Egish (ME) “5 ‘$44 Relay pr vol hig rowel 4 41 Lae Mie Bag sod ye cA ate 465 Buly Mode xg (eo). & 7 £51 tty Met ap ea ten e 5 Sounds in language 1 {666 Towards carreot General British (GB) @ ST Spe odd gu nk a | Tenn care Gin ° 32 Menge easy | 662 Chgset Saasece 8 SSI Dey fei tons a} Seem NOES $33 Dine nee # 1 Sari tne, dnl cage ak aoa 71 333 Alena s 12 owe nee 2 a ce 13 Comm cages 37 Standard a eonal cents IT oe emma of star 1a oa of een "cid pola’ 73, Danlfney be BOC, RP GD 14 "Node RP 15 heuer RP 416 Oneal ots (05) 19 ConpenesCoel Ba (60) 12 Regn Gene Bah OD) 19 bao fre een “io Rec cng GB 7102 henge we ead 4a Resa eee 71 Syms and mes ter han GB a ei ‘tomer on ROB 72 Gamage of prooueion STE cen meets (OR) 112 Sac Seo Hag (SSE) 51123 Landon Eng ry gc (CE) ond ‘anor! ono Engin 7124 Genel Norte Exglih (ONE) 7125 Asan gi ANE) 76 Gober gah The Lap vowels AU The ddnetve vomel 82 Vowel aes wah peeing iw 83 Gta, BA Sow eth SAL Phot eleaipe 342, Morphopboneiealemstons 5 Traeripns of nan vowels 6, sous of OU vowels 87 Cena o wove I Aquston of vowels by nave lars 122 Abin fsgn lees 448, Despont he vols RD Glave) pre vowels fot 892 hi % a m ny 2 s i 38 10 ws toe 9 ur 493 $99 598 £99 8912 me 2913 {10 Dipibonl vowel ges 103 Sina fo 03 fu 11 iphones +2) 512 Ceving ions fare 112 few 13 Vln yb without primary accent S14 The feqenty of eccumece Of OB vorels “Te ap aetonants SI The dnt consonance iss Ose 52 Pasi I The phones of Egil 522 Acoust of Englah poser 5:3 Aca of plosives by mate lames 924 The rela spe of Eos poses 525 stapes at! 9.7 Vel plies eg! 5.8 Ghote 99 After 3 Palaver ase fy SA) Aco fate of Eek eves 42 Aston of atv by eames ey 16 bbs i tae a6 1 15 1 ist 10 re 1 1 186 18s[a 943 Lao ei 0 196 3 tablet 10103 Wordnet dion 20 344 Dol ats re 1004 lax» ena 2s 5 ale ate a 20 10105 Aegis of aroun ames 257 246 Pao ni 2 son ite emcee eae St 9.5 Wc mde pool ceanies 28 ee al ete Cs Sonn 209 Se Ne 11 Cone seh 2 ahi ut nd Fy Tithe 982 Alen al Fy 13 Prien, aca tin 563 Vonraua hs 113 Weak 7 Ged epee u 1 Aout ans wk Sy ie ene S51 Ter appx a 15 Rtn aod ah reac ogy ees 52 Roa spon a 16 tate 4.33 ala so ibe proses Ta The om finttn (ramon) ne 1's futon pris 4.74 ound pte spo = 1612 Py cm 533 Rodd bie Sproat m TS1A ype amc one 8 The toes of ecuence oF cna Bs N14 Seto we 11613 The ph of wena ae sans 1162 The neta of aon Wore and connected speech bs 1631 tno ming 11823 Pou sed ne infco ee an 11623 Pray cna o con wane 102 het nt 11624 Rose ake 103s a prominent ie 11625 Some pc msgs 1a ‘Ned cet pre er 11828 tiem fot Yost nase aM 11627 Thee oheconin woes a8 102 setaee ais 11.63 Regio atin a eta = 1033 Petes as 1168 Bich ge » 104 Soman em ae 11.83 Innton en pun 300 elcome ca 11.86 Aegon of oon by melee 300 | peice ene fa 1188 faassen oie a | 103 Disntne nerd cet pte Fy 117 Hexion ao Ing Amati wordnet by ave amen 285 18 oe gay im 1a ld acoso een een 35 108 ion an cpm Be 12 Word i coed speech sos 109 Vana ote poneic cre ofwans 258 127 Cito fms at amet psc as {to Pimeater eS 123 Newent of won om ee {O10} Worl hone secre 30 123 Vain he smal ate of wore a feta ene aneeee cee aa 124 Phot atom win worse Nomdaice 30812.41 Alephni varios 12422 Pomel vanons 124 Neds rts 1244 Naya eon [Bas Vous o ace 124 Bison 1248 Fence 125 Soli orton 126 Pres of acearence of moos and pei worse 127 Ravin og ees ngage teaching and learning 18 Teaching an earning the prenaslaton of Euglh Gr adaonlenguage TH Te ple of preunaon 122 Novels uae 121 Nae peter pts 153.22 GB mn Regional GBs 13.23 Amiga English a neraionlEelsh 133 Gand Report OBS pies ana lease 3 Conon TEL Plier 15312 Preiver 15313 Atos 133.14 Approcmans 13315 Nae 15.316 Comonat hate 1332 Vowels 1233 Aca an hye 134 Soamae in ened see 1535 tmonsion 14 Analg Eola princi ne wanes 30 30 an ae a m xs a = in oe zt 9 Fd 30 3 ES we Be Be 1b Nal 1348 Conant hte 15.44 Samay Arsen Enh 13 Ienatonsl Engl otis ad wlenocs 1331 Consonant BS Pls [B14 Approxmans 1413 Nate 13816 Comoe dts 133 Sma Inman nai 136 Teaching eto Tet Comcent 134 Inason 152 Pronoun tones 138 aseunent sate sary ed Fo EH sa St 8 Ms we uw 0 39 xtr_ Foreword to the First Edition (1962) ‘he pn: dof 2 peomacson of ih Eas a ety ben ected nee cele wok, yes Dni ane Ti eet ‘Se wins ars mar fur of hinge phe gg hb Ei snd res es os ae ee Bi Engst areca Fert son at [Spent facon oft sen eu soem fcommannion See ‘ct fol pent inset of et ‘Send ve ol fate omcarng one mae ‘fel sna The einen Pi en ied eps ef Senne ig rt Tek ie rl rs te Touhy tear sin ro bc ma ‘Siete de Bop pin ner race ey en ‘Set me nye came en om eae of ie ‘heer fran ponones eu were 0 mh eas See ee oe oc mh seg Pecos en tt epee as eng EY {© eth tla toga eure cnn poco wich itm sme ibs Ute Sue, alin ery mach pi owas aan ta athe oe iy tv ea peace Wich ws ciple pc: els rea {yn panes ee eed en tnt wi ere ‘ectpst and nina be ay ina (er Bs Eg) ‘erin ch te “osha te bn eine af ay whe, Froese Di nes nl Drit Coot te vu Tommy icra Se, ‘rou te er ecng veep 2 oun of ale ever oh Fr Sin (18) 07 rey te ad Pe DB. Fe nt te De Cee Cer Input oh ipo iD. Comm td A Fenn ‘overdo heat, ede carci sn gee npn ‘Dena a much nd rr Ranh Gace rp ‘Stimson een pis f Onl tno Ta mo tel, SRO NIN ea a ty oe tery Case[ Foreword to the Eighth Edition (2014) ve wow aides of hi ok on ving nr de tect) Toot ny sn hve ate ne on ee sy strafing sername ‘Sear often yng he cen ered oe rng (eStats he wal arson ana erik iti” cys ve a ioc amer ox ney 6 em es ene omg na oe tn ‘tS hae eg ten iy ‘he tmudntin fe el ines slings nd ‘inne siete se cares amis Sts fe tunings al Ens ay Moa El re cemoe osthow’ te lngnge tas ge SS pref he Wk wih a oe previ tangd moh wee ouabain lo nee bon deciing RP (Resved Puna ‘ap te Pt erp ough deat hee she Eb on 00K) a ere ene eae areca Ectomelgates armavismasocaes aetna ee de et Sip rena ieee Siar escaemsemaameets Sites eee erect feree eet eeereseee err ean eevee oer eee eee Pepe eee fred prt ofan oer ar nowadays more ‘snspicuos' General British oe CGB. etaescrate tee henge art ew feast eee ee ee tae eter oy Ee re tron pemetmartme eee cere feeeee eee eee Secieeanwemea etme eee eee!rT Figures ET eg ece neg Eecscpetemenes a ieee ESF a Sumer eee aay teem geysers oo accor ates a fe Poco 8 Se raain a eeie icone me Ye tna ‘Nett St mio apne tee ‘Spo ts af ft es [fs pote i opto GB Scion Seton an peo ‘Seon npg of ‘Sto an jlo fay Seon sn loge ‘Sito nd logs Se ae ‘ton snd loge 3! Sete nd sora 9 ‘Sfsmogme oa, ead fm em, ‘solani oO Sie oa Soe ple of Scie og of = ‘wel Sag nd alas ‘evel Sagan and lace (8 nonin smal (Gt coc itgs: ee xe eat [i cry tons: erie ‘iam gla sr owe ‘te Eps ng wows ‘tj Eg: dongs ‘nent Eph wesText boxes Form gunn GO Gee) ae we Min! poses nn nga pose ‘Vortec ngs a, Ee done ot Diy ofan res i Bee Feces etemmomm nob Trin 0) car Fa (Ce Se 8 Fin (eosin GB sat Seino! Spigot! Spee Shine ty Space Spo a Sei of Spc (eigen wo) Seles Solos Spe oSitar Sens Sst a sai Spices Soersna Satna Sieecsing! Sein ay Spigot Soares of Seat Shera! Someta Spa sore = = re i= Selig f° ey le List of phonetic symbols and signs and abbreviations (Len ino Rams Sate Se Ute ames) 2 Carina ove 4 (8 ovina wd et ‘ent fh Gens a a © Tove ewes opel (Chaz 3) an pen (Cel (cue peenenon a he GD towel aca Gg e nna promi oi G8 vow coal Cad wea. 15 (6 vowel pC ap) Ay AedsXerme ve Acces Ea ‘ed ips a. oer) ‘ed bhi ae Ge 1) i ak’) ‘eked Bishi ete Genet he fi see ke ie ‘eal pe pve Gots eg Fe gu) “otc fa! eee = Coma) en al’) ; 1 Beeler rere startet aw (SSS ese oom

eepnti oonChapter | Introduction 1.1 Language end linguistics Leek Phoned oe par of lngsieter . Pons met of ty ove ode ep of age Burm Gourmet of loqacis nuttin att «Se th wae ‘ony tS en ti rs ite nly set ‘tt de et niyo ptr age (cp eng ‘isos ewer sun a tig lon bv Seren {strumecs nd ven mre rpc an a se ane ‘Se toed nue er ser of nest po ‘0 mec ert hr a of ipso ‘Newnes pone ow vray wit nn a a er wes sf lapusie Remsen woe, pray at ‘orton erm pal oman Eh a Une ‘RoR mean ae py, ets Ge Gi Oa), Pr Irae gp we rcs geen eset ieee en oe oe) Pas ‘rowvtdonina pes Pe! he ian fa ge a ‘vice woe eee ep al (Ge 24 Mowe pss ang prt ae ae ‘ms, cng i ie! Ge, eal a an (fra) [L12 Phonetien, phenology and phonamicr ‘phone ns cme il Sa Te eso Scns ae hn cy a) oma oy peo pug Th a i © ony‘tog ois ih a he tam of pec ty cc of Siero fete Bee Tr pone pest ° marca open phoma te mw ‘tte bw mi tao gt enor Te nee se {Pang lw twinge eae eves Snowe a nps he ete aed wig es ale ‘imo Ashi onr me teny eee ie san, ‘pot of he soni Se meno eh a! ees ‘Ser ic gi a Eph un terns Pa ‘Seo he jr po fa a nt thi psec ge ‘ea of oe ply Enh or ed dos ek of th ae Seri mer oor eb fst Thence ape ma phonic Marit ae SSTREE Tee a ences stderr ea it ‘Sot cher send ne Chg 10love {nt etn car yt ion Ce win oi onan Ta 1.2 Change and variation ‘Toe etal cig hbk ner Engi Enh (Engh ot {phen pa nd oe eel ec of tnd ceo las Eg tv cya octet Pronto 8) ot ‘yee in Ge i (ee el a ‘ese ee sl me a {ino cing Sera sn os Send) Toe sed ‘trea ne wt nd omy ee Me ‘lr rust bye BDC ne milo he ent cory See en Be ii i iia ede on» urate ars mon {ibs op fue a a he we nee S nis sk geet) aig i a al re lee While we puted» deo Ea be eer peaking, ot ‘1 goes ts ng pe of ngs ation dap nen. ‘Sing unemndsag iiniar ad ‘een Spent et ae ho rece ee i hn hier aa io ‘Sts nyt mana combining nee ‘epg son ue wm mens Sn heh een ng cpl te ee) an.) pnts eh ‘Steet i mse is nd) th eso va Gly ‘one ne Bt os) weet {SB ne) any hoo mae pes natal foston dn) ine! pnts Sp gtd Em ‘Speen ee) mci the ip tw he a pe ‘Sng om obey orev ape. Trg el seep th cna wh ihe so ohh ‘ie pnt now ee unl one pum a ee ‘Sct low ste at te onc es oe hee ie a sve > Se oe by eng et rn i Ina dae irepony te cops ios ho wk “Tht lane of Eagle al commueoe sont ec rst rotons eo sf ee sg cee{Paice rte pes nate th rapes niin ie pale any ba say labors Eg acres ee eS ‘Soha shoe of alenane mee of ean), hs ening Eni ngage wl ly ny ee ty (ei awe ce edo oo ine wy ae ue ‘Soe of Enis stow he eof ila ey fc my ‘ise wail ene arr ether a ach ‘fin: May hen gE van! sl ae mee Yoel ‘Sry ages ry wale ht i ee ve ‘rye fen Tt ie pl ue amin cry ir oa es pr asl ie ar ‘tt tle 67H 90, 942, 108 IE Hd cio fs rene ein dn Fetmnon yo e n Ce mca n) Toa ‘Sitrov inde voetan mons abet apo ch ‘Sato nies begs igh ce Tadeo ens {Ea Rey nen honey Gr acne Force of cei een ns ess so kare Engh [slo meme std 2c te eth earte #3 rs ho oy counnes nah et Ech ‘Sted nfo nd mona commen so ene, ‘Secon logge sassy alas een ais wore ‘Sepp rs hcp of ag or hs psf ameoon ‘Suen oe of Ean cud rte in Cpe 1 The ly ‘Soman fn eh porns He ay per mie ee Side bt nowpoua te mare en able cis foe nies awh only inserter wich oe cman 1 ste tga us el os (al in ea ‘ie e ean an utc) roel ve) nen ‘Set mr coy ama ee poy reac om 10 {0 wwe ngs te i) Th eb hanged abd eed ‘anes tine iris er he ee et oe heer Gel ron ef soar a ee ee gwd eg hog JChapter 2 The production of speech: the physiological aspect 211 The speech chaln Specht compl si of ens. Te soni iWtnd th sgl a rng se it he gaa ese tthe fst place. raion of oer ‘Tat oe net a it saya be ob ret 2 Dorlas he gcour sun as a mee fe es of ‘ee hw sc pre py four er ed pt ‘Fohllog sr mores, ain The move he pe Sree uc se payne pase be iri ta eel ast re psa se spt evened te ng nth ed ‘leased eng pe soto ses ong eves in 9 tin new be ing eto of mea ‘Spc Rc rege fe ns any Shep em — eect pa eae me bso ee 122 The speech mechanism ae pea omc wih my et nial sly pre ‘un Hum eer cba nae be he eye ‘tnd wc Sey tn ents gy fen em of ein tins inst mey pear weed ee ung te or pe ya na i fa ‘Seay st eit polo incon ceed tf ecm ‘Siete wr eget run tae the apn a 221 Sources of enrey—the lung Deseret re eyes Suietiy Seer ces Saoneeusinreeeeeeoars eco ocean a ence gosta Shot snices Seen ceacr eee Seeaeeeeteere roe eae rene mace aoa weariness Se eons orp Sn amie Feel enone attested eee ‘sin? Xcayphccggy tad CT sce can revel he gee overeat Sere cose ioe ie ess pee Sete ‘he eran pied yh ns unde spet mifescsa hp pre a te rir te tle Hcg he gay fs pec ‘Bin Fo al eae a be macaw per gh Sir ie ah om a he ayn ig, oe of age mc, ea wpe er fhe ce tor pon pret sk one chat {dls coma lod Ad's ap Rou win recor om ‘et ae vor cone Wo flu pment nd ea ae ‘Sy te tape ocr by the tan if eae cet (iced ae eo a fe ers) trons mn ten Te oeee) opto Sept sy a 1 02 ni me nt BORN Witelors icons oy Sve teeta ch iin eg i ar a he at ‘dpe an ebro eto alli Sorcery 0 pare tse shen i cane ly ae od SEE Edits mente ue os woe ih mle Ca ‘Foerster of een ep te Si ny thea tee poche sine ‘mc pine wen yb tn fare tp comm ni si btn oft a ape ne i epi oma (a) Tega may teh pen oral eng ad woes Sorted asp nd no (0) Dermot sm anf te li ech a2 ier inmotonbyhng wh posse emer tna, OO taser gremlin tem Cov) nsp ih make oem vert ened oe a) map. ona mee te eto voue he oa ctr ‘Seasick peter hy wre on bce oe ‘eran arn te Te i ce coed ‘emg te cn ov ene ope og he veten a be ea ep a ei pig get eumcing vel rnc te ‘ing vo tm pene hi = ef vsn led hr nh ene se {tama an) fein ph web bee 200 {2232 te Wee sa, i ico ry he ped oF ‘hat of onl cosine change pt of cee torte etn, thr po een ‘enon ig poe arly led ay oe oma he ol cs come gett pl et oe hohe pase fs let ng ange en ing Ts Sea amateur tah ‘Seng vec wed comma nar nun {Sybase nll ome se ee $0. ‘Sint a ie aff wh ges eh ves oe ‘ericson wom spies fe i ‘cruyondag shoe of ones of te snd ba 2 ee: Theexam ing son ens mah Ja acai = ‘cme dt chge ph nnn ced Cte of ‘it mcanien bore ey py nerd yh 0 ch “tiene egy dicts nch ote ho or sth ele og (4) ie abun fe ane hl be ene. A vey et wipe et mon om alten ce veo pein enh Symes Bet meena pb ments eee Sie be spe St ae ay ne ocd ‘Te sige uy of aig bv vol nity ee a Tage grt ied ge of be ee Us sect ign cpt nor en led ‘tlle ten nr af real a etn ee ‘yoyo npn se rao ns ‘ee aren, tvng raed Hout he ae, 1 be 0 iar ‘ato sng tape mua by pene pao ‘sd eon te cee al ces ow bong ie eo ‘Theres nn elena of evokes 223. 1 pe ‘he panna cy (eR. 1) cate foe tp af te ent rUrde tor murc est weno Se ramet ‘aaning hes hope copay, snp The ape md ume aghast ay bcm mie he aici tan of be mace exfoing tepby te moreno te ek of teeta of he so pale wt whe a rae ‘emapy andy ening ae hen Tipo ibe me ine sa tr npn ec, os si of SSRIS Goering vwe Ns sete a ts ns 1 Egan ronment on we ee [Wel ee ‘pina pln tiny ay ‘sara wie tsa oo pnd hte sg "The exp fa fm play my be edo of ee we (0) Teese pay bowed nara eng in wh che ays Sie tT tne ‘e's pr oe Sle (08 wy hepa gay of {et ence ing weed og te em ie page tse Thee smo tate cry fra! ow a ey ‘ace par se ronnie ot ‘al cans hate ugh tsoprnga sso oh =a at ai eta le my tnd at nn ol ie ‘the moa at tongs nea a fp fh ot ari ovo expe spe Apel al eae of tha st Soe a oe tin of sce ph ism ecg cay cn Pedy fine too aide a ef ee ‘Bok pe my be ld in cd af the mega, a the ape oly og he Al Engi som wi te ecpen nan onan ens It ‘Ghali tv iol ge Nasr if any ee wing Ste ot pict bec et an nage fa os pyc et {Sal re me wettest hve woud hr tr ed vor ‘li ti lee tad Egil ord marin on ae ‘anal ema eps bal Secon eg) Oe eee ‘rat yw tenets one ty mee eg of ‘ape nt nea ee ‘Suite op sn Thi cee on (cetpenmaisy pil fh con sr ple oReema shot ntoeeseearerty circ tasettgeas coer Soe eee raat ere Spee fatpmamat nto omemre Ses Geacomeanasteameyadeene ee hese oma cece seb ebigaricerareretoneedae Shaeatamaein erat gene teers ae Senaltmetna time oewres ne bpecicwtan seseeavont eater Sieiieeeatocmauaeee nes weae seeearaeecracs SPW Sea re a ein et oS Se ls aor =e its pees gear bar agaroee ian Big cenieemns tee eecm Hoar cermeregen tte isnraens (0 batty cae er he eh at in ore ‘Sry inure tod ty ese eng ce ic pene of nl fr a Sn he tr a (0) bl cof pt on w eh et ein cheer tenet Th hep mee (6) NUTS ae pnts wi weigh oer a Ti Feat te evo ofr ines yr mn nto cw Set peas ln i ee (old wear tt i se peo nd msg. he vowel of (be Tso bane poe feeb ef ecu te op cade od md Seonvanceniaieesiteeet eee Sg iiira ees ees eateteriecatameae Seinen memes age ee fits Smee cere me ace Se Stace Series es Ree Sago io eee coe Hap eeeecceem eae Ear iecetaaare sae trae Sarees natpecpeninr ests mabteenneeehoeeesvgmesires Penson ane ieeeseetspermneicnneenat oRiuiiermea entra ert oes Sie ahi ne crams Sioguklacmigivoma meinewe oT a aw ny esac wh eh ae ‘Suan Eni na 10th pes we (Gee af dan! eis 23538 115,816 0) oe pleat ny ‘ty paint ne (re po im et a "male nonesueac ssa! nfger tn ) rerent ied ino of Soi Eph aso ee i ‘eset Ftt dS Lan, ep ene ay red ey tec a itech or ee sigh hh the se it of ree Widot the ip oma spel af me nsf Ena nd regs wy oe gana Se ig ote tenes ue ci ptf he {igre es 13 unten Eg wench wah eer, (Gili ean tne de eee le ond ene pe ‘og enn eof ene ayn jl he teem cw frm leer yr cot ih tot i a he sh pa, arpa lg cle ne ue ‘Engr ioe og arg ty ‘he og, a ion a he Ope nomi aly Sesh pe Sein Sh ha hy yee ek lt bee fee sr, wha vo i ly» so a ein a [ire rn 3) so tel on 29), le “alte mg ch ot py sce Sdtecur ote fins thie min ea aul eon ‘Th ate pasate rep oe man lh at af ‘Seige of eon rr hog rates i pie {be went sind by Mh bot be etd at pee ‘hen prem! tes pepe Nt n't oan eit be ‘oh cn om ne a os en ft 2 ssl pape temper may eet oe ‘peat meh iy ec yor pee ye ‘oyna te ie prt by fe ae iia wi ‘Stout tt tt unin a be tpae Pg. vn te et oe of tee oa ‘se of oe mh as ng an ps sd nem yf ang ‘cgi movement, aie pa nae ws oe they ‘eariston as ogee wpe aoa hooped Dare ‘dem mod wet copper sete fo i pe ‘ent ge eh sat ps ig mney ee ‘evil pay Ths ates sf ings pn ‘he dngg exc he eg nd hep fe th ng ‘fo Bopp fou wa ime so fom et ae re we spe (ee! i ge ae fcc tore bee e Nita print ee "aed aan ccm TESe, TES a feta deem tas otn we Same pec il an cope SS ees peoteee a SE ee aes gi Cn Wns =Chapter 3 The sounds of speech: the acoustic and auditory aspects 311 Sound quality 7 pte a at of cman, afi: dt sch ‘Tenn sé posse wand te ve oe hdd pe, ‘rumen somal whch apt ee ‘hose peed ty tet “tne sccm ce, ep eh pater oc ihe fen wees a ‘Scop fathead iy pee {ov ime oy bore and see ich wt ghey ‘ouraage Neve, ee bagi ee wih ME ‘k,n oe she hat i hig peter coi vii de ‘ni funerary oe andcomean f= ontop an oe detente some nd ‘nas urea tes Then re ens made yen eat {noe emi fms per tne oe et ‘Serer it neigh er See a ner ike Ts inn (Sits te unr ines of change of ay ic elie and fu wit Ge aay sy ov hep fhe spe Bt oe ‘Sree cn in ego a oh "pnd of und ogre sae dof eee eu hit cou Ses ang si cue of ama ee gig ‘Say te onl ew eed ya ese fon ae ‘hy npn ein Seely ei. (he ym emt nn eee ual Te ees ‘tion ound aye oxide ws te eae Sys ste ie te sot ome ur by meme of tanrenton sd cn fhe pl (he Saat a Sts) ea ny en ise tee rhea eon var, ‘chor maybe Bn owe sand hy abe oan iepleKd, eg on myo el pn enor a het cin pt sve eo Det et a thei of ol oma vo a ne, ee ai of agg genoa fowl gue Yer oa ‘hen nh ne fw cy if toe (ne ‘owe ae i wh the ame ph The mien uy wh [only de Towsley ends ie ‘Sie cuely th ona tr dal ne thay ea ben sind a aloe ie re of cme, ‘uty mus reuery oti. Ie Yc! cove ‘yar ose nen bse bon se ee (Oe eeu n 1 tnd Geno raion (He oper me we elt rf Se 00 He asc rey be meme otha Renny battle oto ihr eure fh 3 20 3 0 Te Neen wel poi heh vhf appa ‘os dames egy 010 fy Ce Hamel en Sohetcommn oo flo ngs pe nt oe “Penn eth ecm mice gh {reales of vce uly by sch we we we ogee ee esa mal te ltl ne see pace vow ecm (}an a) at cp rae ose gay me ee he Sito tenn no esther Trio lo ‘te of he gl ner hey aps we he he ass ‘Soe este pre muse ml ee The cer {reap mamig ey lage mm chaps cc he ae ‘chen vag race The ih ha ‘oe ich ce nie cameramen ey mane ‘a Tyne of gly eb as chsie argo of mtg ene: wich rte Sc emai cl st ey e ece Se rot orl eager ‘Se an eee Nh tn, ope be ay ed 1 Ela it ne pe, vor (i re ch re bd [racog copes se eon f 0 Hed mca tat 220 Te ‘REE male se ve nr est 30 Hoa 0 1 Goes. 2:2 The acoustic epectrumm “Thi conples tf fie af agin sii ome {pose own we tee mec we bane ey ‘See carers patos we owe te ne 5 mf a oe Se Sih cones ens cu eet addged x eens (cet 3} Oeil tsp reed ope nn rah ‘St sotte i pemiy Sue amp Te specopem eof Sediment) ho onthe et nie tht wey ty eqs ere ta ye ety ote kn hap cols aca pa Th the snc ay asus ds (ae ome) and bey ty Fig 3 t,t eco of Mier mae a ‘Se Ce th memes say gee in on of ‘eds b ote canary he ben i. ich pa ‘ia pois ad! tintin comes ee as a6 Goiiswiaeus ts ee Fee gure tran Maen mag i Sei ove econ man de {Sie ingety meet he reno fa owl Int lee) ‘Sloe me ihe Reus ge of opin 30-900 nd ‘Sewer ial ens ong oun 00 we ve ee iy ein eed tn do ee [Se gwen omen wee tow tet mtopley of caro Raptr str ‘usd, shigh das nelighty mayb eed eve wh en 93 Feuer above 0 He . sma vol le of orate Gt pe Sec boor entero Etcetera eae Scary torte easement Sloneretietoneeraneae Ee See Seta ano osha er een te Saar et Sen meceaencees rate SS SSSR Sees cemnmeeree mee ‘mpeoximstely within the range 2,000-£.000 Hs (see Chapter 9, Pig. $2). This ‘we ae deling with sous wtih const of combi of ltl oe eens sta yy ut yt me Sno e e eo Sor ke at ararnateeot ae‘Site bending of th oma f the ace vowel ed, the cae Of ‘cheung change orf sn (ee y220) ot eh 2.21 Fundementl frequen: ich opciones pec a dps ety pth ney PRs oe al aT we seta cmon he eh Chany eed sod cpciy vse ps lees made oF SSStvr eyesore nee ims compe ‘Se mn cl sts ou nue oan on SEES Tt nee se of esaning ces pe a eel ngs, eit ino ‘im nee gen ef ‘Soe pak te tal ange of ome meking oie bing abl ve & Ee ong te oi Flin et ae ‘on ese yy son te py oe sgh Ye Focyo Ferny ss st gal sess Re ements en ei fle "hr, hss ote feu om 6 6 ‘ei ioe tc eA et a i ‘neu! 000 Has wee se, sch eed ngs 0 pe (eer ect fs se ih pep ef sai os ‘SiMenn ttn be gs 0-40 te ‘or ers och ower ty Sede pn He sy in ae et ne rt {Ee ne oe eis eee geen an hw 9 ae ‘fpranea renee equ bard nse cagh tmonce eon to gee tind Te ft cot sie Seimei arc psn oe hi ete een seh ep sv nga Teen bt cig ss dams goon nap ply he at ied | ‘Se mal mi St seu orn mi sc ced pon (Sova ay to eed mies aes eh Sing ‘Site rowetng oa ‘it mead ofl gency tan nae em eto in ol er ef anew ‘Steam Wi hi teu coe ace! oe ie of ‘eter he ying cepa le np Oe ‘al diy he al geste ye use pens aa he sec ing ue eet pecan ph Bee epee on Pct aed she ‘Eorsepert sf acca qc ate wee frac, ‘rg igen an wal e+ per na ey a feiah a (lol peace higher fn ce lowing ve a ysgol ry ti 212 Incency lunes ra sn may open dt apie ee "Snes aed its eget wi or enn i ange ‘an neg Weer se ems enone soe ee ‘et ants vin ey of i re ‘oes, up abu by a it ree he ns ‘ee hal e102 th ever ney ot ly hee ror eng nd rom ph Morey he ‘Shree repr ty mer ekonomi che ily ih ey ue ich oo ent Pec snd wert Say geforce of ewe Indrse ape [Ee mc fle owe eng era ee oF ‘enya moon2:2. Duration ene Ine ye of tees Cy fone name den we oe ond oy angi ‘Soe my te io esl wen we el she stpmeiion ef ‘run yt cosy ou nips lng We al [Smears hang tones of En ch of Be mca cmp ht el Ba, mage, ‘Ti pt elo ca eon vy sie ean of ost vl wy conde Gow seme mera, el ar ISrte cemme#enoy ony wac e e (ed rvlsoece ne Eglin towee on at tou an to open o age er nny ie ll te ets i ar of urate aly me sha ae ena arene het re ln ane Sch vein ‘icp win te wrest ae matin of he ye Sein sche fn no nay “asain a enn tii en ‘comin ying abu 20 soni pecan wes (SSE SSL pera nt ud wiht a fm Te ae ‘ae mpi fest den ne sae of ee {i pc ool te sna eg sneer eget Aeon toe! gly sto met may he od ace of etn pty ia fe wr ae egos rhe ncn bend py ul aes, oa ‘ins mang fe ome yn erm pi eb es (ents ingot ered ae on {od mening omen Ie ving te pal ato wis! ‘Tempio ae cl ‘ry gm ie ii i kt heh et a ence em ares eae See are etcecege eer oes Bigatti neat Featerae spansae rman Sriemarcshiee anne sec SSS oroee cnet Sen erate tet Meta ce ie eran coerce Roeeeasegerese rman Tina Ree ee te Speers menaenereteaet valutin ofthe judges see's acon ae noel emits’ hy Speer arin ee roe Reieoaacm crear peiieentene sees eet iereieree rie eenccactes ein easeeerueterearonnae Sencar autete cee arecie Sere caeeineerctineae Seghuee eee raegte iiieern cesar ors Scie eho won Siameseyo aco any, bi I i eck oe ted, Scop of al iy wo pn tg oe Iie enna stron ech an fm 2 Fhe ama mata 9, 4 Sana ars We, 200) Chapter 4 The description and classification of speech sounds 4.1 Phonetic description ienemeestrreret SSS oteeee mate igi creecranate een Spec ee coos aaa es eee ee Te ype of ming anid wi te ows In ie pe ftom ssn we the seen i i = pea ig ort pratense once hash ner ‘heer once See dn a sue epee Wy wale me ssn wie oe, tu ge, end ‘niet a Ete ‘it penne sig plo ae. TH eon mi te vows or mean ar mit ep oe ‘dof eteae edge lo asap ro ‘Semen ke) tres (hs lg eee ‘Se (yd cont (hr eines [ph il sane ad fo hi atan would cnn ue sen Ea th ‘von and wth of rd) ene Eg ich a Scot phony inning ese of a), su ty. Soe a teste me ie eae sional Te ‘eve opr af iioy wesc we ae haepug ee Tec oh ite een thn ha oly ea wk hi Ben ee fi ‘Sane rls te csr Sn ae voted an spent yoo ‘Siocon of he bay ote sng ea ly ote nas Sra eps 2 Conronants (0) Ue sna ination by gto y see hr a? _ (3 Doth ec cor oa ed rea) (ec ie gS es oy eh ma (oy iv pont pn een wa a dec oni the peer) (o Wnts ee ypeofcaurecemmong a tf ee? (mer susan Se ee (©) pate (2 Eerie 3) some oat {5 fog tae ane oe (6 Soave ‘Tee rei uy ci he het est Ie See os otra eng be pn fe ioe ep ton 43.1 Eerenve ophthalmic treo mh exces (ph Wh a ome alec omen ‘rome orivs Ge 439) ‘uy pcan cna ane ay mae eon of ereleion ‘arn compe he wee ecu be ee en — sani —The ps te eu aici 9 (ph) ee vos ‘in'sim,614 186). Leche ler aaa wi te uper ete (e “iio in ane to14T346) pT ngs pnw ane wh egret, (08 8 Thin ue Ge vid6.34 103,T216) ‘cuter ee orp nn, fe ong aces wh he esas ep nih sa Se ies 338,938 816928, nies 7 Rises blu ae may fh Geer 82) ‘sil pe in i er eae ‘other pe hee ose ee ing ao Sete te ae ga hgh sp, mene, Beak eae’ en, 3, 138) ace ote awh ear pane i tein ge etry vod peo eal =e Frm ure ee ier 28 3010) ‘vaine tcf ngs iit wi ef pin oa be Itong ever tab eves) eur These bone i hoe a Fo eee ee et Engi no 71a te can of oe sma on, ate may Be a nda pe of ‘rn epi Ts nh see ‘i sonin soe posse aries of we acampae by si ‘ian reo gan nome 424 Mannes of ertelaton ‘he stone yh gms my ein pail ce my seaport 0 ee a ‘Searre spc deuce vay ee nba Te a a eno ormersneeracee thoveeruiaeencese antes er a meamecane teing inert then ences ou tense, [man 3 mde Storer anyeitaderas oer Bente hae meme amet oer Renee pent ae ca Taaeer ne ag oistcteae as acces ceed a Fe ede me a eee e ieee Cais ecmpenetetr icate oauermc nme ieibemistom wm 0 roe o SNA gon «ancora ven spc seh sn ere cB ei ‘Scapa by chasis mean fe moet oh ‘Seely tng fe st fe ora wa esa ey Sic began of gee am Sen po ‘exon en Spi oer (2) Naroung win Poe ‘Aromat Pcs CONDLN)—A sowing i i he Sean no mrs cc ‘oy won pono Smo gt ttt ily fon ek es Tehyetc mn ef pareear aban fe me ‘pounce bp rete tr er ot ‘So eklpeemc eae were insane nue ch So whee ty devote ot {etree hesrcsion per ony te gr nwo fierce ganney sofa fo octet Sal Sense th egon ee oneness cua und sng toe smpone Thiet penta theming ei out vor ost sms ase nae knw ner ‘cep eet nya ml Soar te Ai hm nh ig ly (Naess Te nih ees a ly Idiot tae waa ne ny ey ets ie ae seh vos cox arity ng yo id422 Clattecton of consonants “ect of rn! Me let PA es Te) owe ‘Geld ie conan on foe fags ran esnips ein, Wen eh Stet sheet eThekwini os sea ‘Shomer rie ewe gigs ist pea cones in at (Ranta ns dec nner pes: ee ech ‘icone nts myo eel Eg ‘ceumpinied by ish! bide isin. 429 Earnie otal contenant Ine pn fe i en ce ie lan 2 pn cee Ge geo al ig le tre a Poi ans ats emp! «eal mae conten he ‘Sitios isoe of uc aur pe aes p01 my be ‘dey conratig ein ary Batt sl poe chy Begin aoe and Mei bne sype f spanin bee ‘hima eg (ws) Sie oe gs sce lon at ‘Sis ope af usin pion ver ms tp C1 acer pou sae alc of Ei inset ana wh tp ay mp Torts te cnie ‘ir mano ft pi wich ay Be rtd reed laps pom rm, rf pp ona seh Ease goreerre es eee Beep ngutvpaatie trate accent mee See ale |The rt Pe Apa TMENTODATONAL MONET AIABET Ye) SSS soe ay | SSS ete See SSS Sy SSeS ee | = eee is rts sete eee tit ie = Se a ie 118 SS Peoec item in conbinon wih ngs Sush ingen ‘oem i) etn sus ca bi (et Dhar re) Tha amines umber ge, ‘Sy eo tly ad ty nh yr mnie eo ‘tested inp samme a ee vee ‘his own wibot te epee pmo Ans ot fw hing a give se ete iy 2 ‘sfc itn he me oma sing hea ese ‘Syn em) ek i wr et ‘cyt (er ans ried yen of cableche, ‘Scleefe ung etiscun and etd erp he ‘Sand we rg Tox iy nied wn lo en ated ‘once ie arse sce ie eas ny si ch Sere do re y's i wh ‘Seton bn ee Te wd deo sng hae iit hh "aed yw i te ‘gues ac (eg 2 ops mt ngage at ‘seep lnmnial ste marver te one of a seni come ‘ht nun spe way nthe ie ox be re We omer stl oe mi yh wc er ra of ‘Scam, rg and nel ser Awe he en che? 3) otra epee ek (Tego ie ooo, ed eit (Thin tape eye seal po nr (6) Theres ngue wie id nd edges ing ‘rte nnn sn ip pian ly dosed Spleen sl nt ‘Sen tip tend peed Tesoro tp wi ‘gy deme hep emp cep ‘inte tibet we om yy nea men ‘tg raya onc fhe nur wht ett ap fhe oy an ce sac ol Gap il eal ee etm on ey dean fn nope vn wih ‘cary item eyo ep prt tp roo, ‘sete decgin cer be even neem of he Spano cae (Ei eof oe 441 Dither of desertion ‘he vol decion of von smd ax sens preted cs say Caan postin: a ys moves eget i ie a 8 1). ‘Ths iemany me were he eae ch go ‘issesmpid ty ont ot he oan Tata ca ae ‘ely rm a sae on uns eu ea te oa ‘gue eran weed witha Opel hepa ec ee ‘SSemat e frnsnoed es fy epey y M ‘Site athe cal pat an ees ang oe Sa ge ‘Stop nny see cd ik et 1% poco rae ee eee nll Iso mre he wee he Yoel uy ae ed ge i"pul nigel ae oe, Aen ch syne ‘sly tino Enh whe ut ey pc, sine he ‘Sol inca be we ge ae Engi Tee cee: ‘re nthe sve af Egat ee en +e ‘et ies wl see pele 1 cla ht Sine ede npn stem fd ste, tn nary nf ary le The fcc ak ‘ve by Dans Tost kos 2 Came Vos eT tlt ‘Ste ym lpel nthe o gules oon wih al ete Sent pce og oe at ee erent Calo! nde sl fe gue 2 Iowa poe he ty wh ry it an tte exe eh ‘he Cet! owe ering fom he psn, he a of te ge ‘lowed only eer ings ny on nk ‘Seow scan umn ait ee The ‘Sue pom of oe swe ued ad wee nde edo be iy eudiam fom» pe pie Tis yl ea wee nes {Shot veel vale tone pcos wor ted Yves ‘Sending nt be fe ee he np te ee ge ‘rime spt pon an wit oo ge ad ‘Snap were changed peel fom» decree {eh cy ruse cr Cfacing te mnt ppt oe Secon a fhe fot, ‘SS patio: emespndig ne pone wee Popped ‘Ol ani pe tT aur we Ber a le fre Ths nal fog pony Cuil owes nm op, ied Die ming mbes od as U2 NUM Soho Toes ‘Th do sean a fe ke pone it pe cx ope twin be ming he se te a re ae ‘ee dope ip-oatg Ths emis nn posi Servo mrt sony oda wl or ob (Senyeutoe sermon omy rnlod Acetate ‘rnin ippoueen cg Ipmundng eo lenge ton, {Flop sped ws psn Suh soda nen ee Wye weg nee od pn 9 fo hfe sta 05 tars 0) woe spe uptsvil cmsyodng wap pine sual ineaeari Raned-aanoosh Schl ut ate) hve gui cma pi at nung, ong my ay seve lg us) ‘eee ht neuer ay wae be mae sundae ‘Se Tarvoelqy om be red emg inte sl foto rarsne ring» pe any tern Cra {an Cait Co, be vena cond, Dacre we ox sow esi f Cel aber tg dies ‘Sie we oe eg han mee ste 2 wep nae opal (0) ata seein Tse gut tind sre ead Cea cme an ay be and ot SoS remem Sheree Soc Stiecipee Sereno Shoarayhager tesa eee i ere Eiatina antics bob 2S Te aeemtiytnterstriemne setertemisecereeam reer shpadigecaepesaete cay zones on Ye Cros le (8 BonFenton) pe wba he gee tony gs uote sol, ty ened tse ‘Sony Sd nue! unywilbeodned ey an iota ent ‘Seg ye Ci! Yet Sg Meroe arena i ‘Sin nen 0 vowel seine) Dan ‘Shel ort by asa sn nr i a SSS eh in a Stace ieee “avid vowels, since itis unusl (hough et nknow fe agg to make SS esate arin ep of pc nn oy nt ie senting 9) Newel, ey digs ey he owe ‘hth mcy ye Grub uh own od ese (MtEn ea cones tiv est png roel ne ‘Renal pe ves mt on ig sy eh iota oar a geet el ind (cocrcea) sewn nao, bch cr uty oe ring foie son niche aly ane ede Compan 2 [Matson ft an) Fp esate way che owe oom (ecvlace 2) ie(e eon4483 wb “hoc sow ge spac cpromnredongino ty vows sous pul inser try pry ty nr The towel ck Stave mold Fig u(t Gomis ae way eet tea Co Wet an mew ein Suh {Ea ib Cows epson gee le ened i dnsptn The my of ye et te ‘i esend wes uy wesg nail pc Soe oy or cay vole 1445 Areteory cloutfiestin of vowels ing rin dvi of one we oer, see {itcomsnion whe ales apr scene fry Suet, Sa then epeuna by worl gun ote a ee ‘ata Pree Aube 0) owes il ented a thse singe othe Corl one! darn hag ow ‘Senay mara ange Libs pd op tect ‘tea ue nd ec regres ona, ‘rons md oe oe Fp 9) ech ce the ey ‘cap hh ie ci a ya ae ery i conte th Caron Sapa{nde cond be cy ca il be member ht pea ‘Si se be mot ere peste wel beg eel ‘Srvonda heaps eben tone od Brande on nd (on ered owe 2 tae ‘ind paves one cu fh nem Pent Alte 2 Siig ak es cp eh ik ie ose fr spats ain, 5 So rim Cin al yD tc Chapter § Sounds in language 511 Speech sounds and linguistic unite eso vs wy ces end ich pie by Se eh “a Apes omdrhn in ein cased pulse tes bv py Hwee app ohe sems fg nect ‘Matis became coinum fia, To al pec ‘ai onl it he and nt es) ted near te ehh lle sos i, the por of inp a, i hy wee he ee ‘inten nan op tec ma ‘Steet Me viru cmt of wey eres ers ty avery ae umber pn gee sey Sr ‘i a pers Wa, may spec he en ed [yf toute strenght aio a oe Fg 9). ‘oe sn nt ly iw tue ove ssf we Wee tine ly cer , i ou a low at al eel swell tn wc gu Set oft nna igri Tie ed = ty Eocinoaee 0 TR eof i a ayy ‘es oft eye of Egle paket wil pay [eth te cece oi of nl even ch ogee 1g eng aly moped ne wich els ec ng ge ty ene Na igi i a er wa pon oer nd ah sence gh nel ee sg ‘ot wl tie pole oon(0 ales donee mde ye ope pd em i he er ‘ape eh tht om ens balagopcompsin bi ‘Sanne Sa nce mt te pe a fn o) tombe easing of ne so ig wich he i 0 Sain nde dss nt omer mpg cies}. ‘Misono he dered plone los 0 an ih, eae ge (2) os fe pl ce eon fe ae lawe le be {api wens nd compre ee eh eal Tee pate cna! win cll os Snr [Bhs mle sha etapa ap The= we ee oes ‘Enon hee lng ak he snd cing seh Pilon hes scl de eae nate psn area {a pm fl) Shan stort ingen ile hor opel tyne ie! ponte eon hones ena cores so be oe ph ve wl eat oe eos {Socata ie gases ay ‘To lest nts p rrp en eso ibe conn fre seh xo te igus even non at Irae cute oe ears omnes coiing 0 as sere neste ue ee itn e ane mi Be nein ie ye sound open heme reped oy ‘haan wae uy sty Tae pe wd nue ‘Peete nb Senate nd eal eee we oe {tug wml opr twos spre occ se 9 es ings sopaneedcomenin wh Sorel nes (es ag st te a ee pecs mag wo se no ey ne, ere er ane) nee ‘al esingae fm ut ayes i gt ne ae ‘Stent cy my cml or era wa we pine nme Be egmenon ane me alee ‘feted vores mabome on of pig] we fa ‘etary cg lane owe tel epee gd ‘ie mning an cnn of he wor T angus es band ‘Tham tint cen Oe pil pn stn ey ‘Bren ors ua A phen tate apt of ee ‘Sec inch nyc af i a tre pute eal epee of ang by meno prc of “ig te on nn na pt ‘i iy fdas yon ie, Sas ie sy'n ae oa ‘Set ron ny te a at €) ae on ee, ainsi a ry Powis pera ig Ge pig a (oh, 28 ig Set pun peg er cmon ee ile eno pons opin hve be mgd a a wn i nn hi een Eg we emer‘ed pin etre pan, the wer pponine [an eae re Cr eT pone te ‘ini mo yston eg owes rage) Meee Bl po Seri sat a ob Scie oy repent Skene lear) We dow ‘Soe me phx a conor ncn pons as ‘Sty mer mr ger ors 8g ‘Suan sata of Se amma pom adh pew a of yon uso it eRe) of raed creat ‘ZCI id aly Sr pres an be ed rah ‘Seow oneness 5.21 Diary of phoneme sautons span pie tt gt pom a re (een seen fe own reo hag Wek) ‘Squat ud tom ae sap Te sun een mlb Re ut ‘SEN mot ome emp his pro ns Ibe pat Tome man mig earphone ue of ‘neko sper ny fr a, ita ss ‘aun igh ogee ew qn of tn planes se ray hae non ce Saas guy rn be ce of ch und emai ee (Ge tar td dpton eg (nao), wich may be ene se ‘hist econo fi Such rly constant Ei ao th we vow sm ‘heh teal numb ean ve inane ‘Spe Thre my th oma pe pat fe ches ‘iy vata compen hte 0 compan wk he pee ‘scan af ech oi av Coed wi Te 1 enone ee ry a emi ‘ote pve ‘= | 2s cl conve, he itcive ee a guage wee sed sei ig a ane of ‘Sesotho neo ied mate Bt incendie ae og ‘ig rte mri ann Secon, Pree aces (Ge i aa gigs of Soot Idi) vote ne se (Genie Samp} nr ub cng tang sso (typ sn ura dtc ote npg sy ne ie {et dines ian nit oy ng inde de) Sieber pon lo sep tcf eee, ‘Same ne nn pe anu ach ‘esl ie resumen ne ees aed, ‘Spe np) somes ae el see Ml ‘htm Sagi and anne me Sag oy of abe ced en ‘Segming tt of ty ce eligi de ‘Seton hich lot ral ingest rer icon ie rave a a ah ‘alt hee pba end mao me ke sry tag me re mry esa et, Te ths boat wes acne ews fe me do! Kid wigs nin ine) wie hse ods ‘eit poet expr Fea we aye re ‘Stal we oon te ssc of Eagan ey ne wh ‘emg the tore ee sma a tse ne i ‘Sd sa nee, 413. Atop “pee tan nee reer ctaer nen barons ieee cece snguaereetae roalataen ene a‘eda isos Wane sf) weet il oh ‘Sloe th won my Orin eed hor Say Se may md crn poy ay rt et ode eter el nh sh eT ren fein ot ‘Sit ye rao he florng el avin oe cn aie itn ue lose oan rs rc doe by te en, ‘nme tn f Els he al sim ion ‘ec Teese wn mtv rm, euro ry er fn ao he lat Pm tse vow ‘Sass How rns uty rates pie ote eee ‘Site word re agen nhs rel» com pwn enter opi i es ngage ‘ii nr il a yr cn oe: ‘feomlaewary aasan nr pcg or bwin od fot vowt he By bat eat etre ck Sree Sr seve gy is ‘Ss owe my otoaly eps ty al oy wen wart Sesion (sity he» ten alone fs! meee ‘epnet rt bin lowa ‘ice eaten of tse word. Wn ae spn pnt ‘idan pono te war cot egy eloing St ‘Spnding he ty he lot aso fh some ei ‘Wie nnumon Agi th nn ey may be penn en ve ‘Se mle Sn is spina] ree me omen {20h apoinn te pane verte, i et ‘sn a alone’ ike hw coplanar cn, ‘here mee ane ei Tithe ve te some pansy een shoe of ghee: emp wr {unde acest Seve neva wc flow enh fe pe ‘an we nels pent end cae ‘onplaniny Src a el gt of te ae Pina cn of rl pho ir Ta me 8). (Sei es nl pe ec oy log! wagon ig ue hese wo sue wie tne ene ‘ta emp emi phoeraly eter il eb ‘olen woud gee al opacity an ate ing “Hopi eats of her sere wl france the ae stn i ted es ‘cant of hy ae sy eine acon af ean Inte tnpage sen and en thew eer hp, a fraton ‘eg en sens tee sa someting apa lng eer af eno [Ronee in Engin, mpl ict mn ne le wn, ‘Recon ercen Engin pw stom -al eon 2 pi hep, eto, cme Hower, swing ae fe cana Nod tein py ce cond wi ot Timings sy sth inn corns tr nad, ‘depen and anomraypar (whch gues se don tench an he lang pt) och cea yt ‘esas tee pang emma boven oki ‘om cou ey Beebe! weg at pe i enon wp ap oy ‘este! iw nme he pen mi ply ‘Slmpune a nal pio tpn te athe wwe we) armel sa om berks ng ps te bgp nn gun “Kin of tos mre aloe of adele (ein te pa ne el tt woe se ei i rd ie ottcates wl wood nd te et etn dl a fn ‘sl mene ghee ce oh i Sens oseing pone eps a alpha eae Ince oct of ne aguante la cae [ya encom naga td og ese pone, at ‘hss te hagas Resin esse sep enoneexpintgunmvermuenenar Ergo et sven ponerse maa, Nome ie eis tocnl eyecare rie Semettoyeremcatnnectetaara ELSS ieee eeigente See ES cee mhenattyedd imenirnaauatowon iunienmoanonen wey ee er ee Specht mrs reitene red Settee ace tocar eatreadiecsemcgerricotas "repro the fi Sean of hsp wan, ‘Seis pono car bee lf hed a pons ym foo ik er only shone erp tm noe nd ete rc ty see be sent alee tt Sy tion fos} ean te pone fa emt of et tn ety nsf lea aero ‘coat une stow pene ear beth of agli. ‘ere sks fos dns ay dae toe ts. oly ow sen sear he ae Eh aces oe. ‘Sandy nee pe me sof Engng roe ‘hen Even peas of Ge rt owl ate itis thea) maya he ember oem ren ance he ‘ty rc gre dae imo inane mes nea Se ‘for he wc ad ty ty we sae ae heme povme {oifSeer born tuneg vane ese ponerse, Seow nedi itd en sepreegestenn tne ee pons at ifieee (Severin deer Sn noes wed ‘ia be ech oes cg he hn peat ‘ote prey tga tse whens gn of sn Feira fer twin ore wa of tn et 5.4 Teanteription ese ee ft ee Sagi eee nest pee pee perborate en Simcoe in semaeentay ene pubmnetatn moe temaraant Seem ore eee eee Seg oe dren eae eared oicper ioe ht coe bse apa taies ree thegevch enmerstcny eames EhGicucmermes eer BRS Ree sama Peonacumencestee emeriege ee eerste mene Soran ie er pear emerges ‘Stony vowel) The bcs a we fo trp ing Pen hopes eo ep ‘rs ee how te ate Ta he an a fhe ‘ot oman aloe a pene oe egg fo [ee homes atc oe teat) a ne ‘ou of owe amin (ee a nd) le conlty ‘Ste rough bk eng a ed ws Syren rhe lb poe a megs Samper wont tir ange me ce ap resis SEA Mle ep eo a {i yl eg aap eer we i ie ‘Stor oie oe pe np debe.‘Sica tore panne st ell art psn we now st ‘Seviponmce Serta ‘mot wih oe Sar at sam kes He nee ominous whe ae bas nee an ope ae fine (11 Sui i my wh se use Yow Fic ngun i nso pc tsrpm eh se are steric th Scns ad ee ‘Toe comets snus assign af scene rae i oo ewe meme Se oroaon oneery eee ep reed ‘Soto wyatt rng whch st pw of = eth ind ie ng tac a ‘ole iy ete ach at who (hon dey tty le bc se et ‘Sue a fe eer fa sun mage ssp ‘Stowe! iach recipe th necena ie ch intr a se cain power un» fo) inde ha sand ae Scie ony ta flowed yt ee Aon ae Sey ep i pm ey of rc ‘the male ented, Oe er of te ere 6 Tio em soar caus neha he a) i fer sens: ieee sere tga nar (oe a) eae ne ho sence ty fo oe pin (6 eg ele ic me Eh ae ‘ie ae aly noe i ii sth i tages y a (8 ‘felch Eh sae ls) Spe ae an of msn 8) seve mae fence cpm me ‘tort ce the (aed wt aon hn) Ts soe wi ‘econ imp al wile ve eran cin tre ony ne ie Th pe ee ‘Scene tc ond ‘itt ees eee ngs). este hw te cea ‘eas ahem sen a asap ae ‘hme cmegury ue cto ty 10.0). 5.52 Syllable conrtivaney ‘oe ous ess kd eons oeons ald cnn te bem, ih ow fe the pk ‘gad oe nde rth pal coe Th ‘and oof alfa ery een hi el ihe iy cae wip er wr tT sre dese rte pate ares of te pean te gare wi ta ene te ome te phe ne tymg ene wh oa eb pa apo on ean bene oe {Se thy sid nc he we oy sen mine ee ‘Sept ante eosin ye whch ere tees st est cesmn ingtan cyto sh owes Ne ‘stesso ena Insp thee oc, {phe cl my pound ih pa he ae oon te iret pe dat pe a ae pal oa ‘At ted bythe syne ced above de i end ‘he tnt gel nae aig ry wpa pe ik ‘x vacua i pt ron cae ‘ey ice desing vr (ee tous th Wi {Sisto an pk i As mcnd soe ein a ‘sin roe chm mat coe ya pe Dg fet ‘ay fhe nh ps Wh i ct nd a of ie we obvi eharty iene ae ine no wet ving wor mei eqs cman ‘Sven nade ale ay page eh ne ‘tc i lates sity sehr pc on Bas iS he ey ‘atoning ues er opener, uch at epet s ‘Topas (analy vou) Cnvemiy wold wen meee ee tes of ony torent te nudes bevel, Su ‘Sowing eogh wl acne ssn cy ope pd {ow wig pa wid ending sty oe ah poly wre bona the ey tet wero pa ‘og acne pet ete ling yale se aie pon ced ye append mone ee pv tis, SoNer eal lal don genial wry, ie ‘er ex ea! Vases ppl nb pid os ewes ‘one ig lata mb dae ee pee {the mui ep) alg yale unre pr pa oat ‘od mms at ede and Eggs f worse psc png ‘be oii bes pet alma yrange ero ‘ft towing trl paces cai wih ne tet. ‘Nader pipe oer leet ch inl ne ‘tieh sees Gna fo omer wacee ose wd ald ‘veal ming bi oes cn wo mee ie a 15.46 Vowsl and consonant wa en in te ping tengo ae ie pone ‘Staton of ome vom cso cam diese wpe ‘interne sane eh [nga howe he ae ‘to pole pont vo es fener Se ca ese oot fine pbs wl na a ‘Beton of guage aly ln 0 Sn hve aly ‘sn! in eae orn te pnt) nd thre ch peal eae ‘ie magn roe ed) fj Toe we se 1g eer Peele Engl son wh ag on ‘Bene dcp, eo eto fren ngage ‘cuneate rer ain of Ce Sent inn ont poe ye tev fhe Eni lee ‘test eo i on eging ie nen Te ped [a etees vw ul tie oat we oh he ma et ‘pein ea nth ua wih te ‘ete se ened a gg ‘etn dar poner, pte a owe al “he gh a a anh ne mellem ‘hcl pe bcm econ cpr! et cu Wild 5 Sere Fo alveolar thy ai peep of orth ef od Ie ftp coi ochre by sone una whee sige won ca scr on rl(im he es ee quinn oa) wa fhe eres whe wang anlage 57 Prosodic fentures? ‘yin C3 dt oy ‘a a fone of gt phan nae The my pewie ‘pes a langue ed ot or pron eng ene sara ‘Tey ats ine ng ox -oneme my rela erat ey ‘Ena sto sm Se ew om an hs es oh ns yt ptr ch ‘meinem wens ne eco a ‘TERR Gare eager encen iaelgees sh fshcour poe tices od el man ed (citrate oy ores nn of esr stele) Whe ‘Gorden ofaarr wry nan sea sro te ‘Stns nic i ear af ph nd aes as pre ‘chery aria yea no ‘hem fhe we unit of oer pose ener nore lng Ie eine ince ac ona wih ee ea "ea maps ef) oo (avenge venta opens fac is snd ur aber prs an ou hh Ince ot spenge sis othe mol an tog and eee ‘ig panne Wp) eng terval ne ng ‘tote Sometime ve qty strengths ey oe intern tines» uy oposite ‘ott aon betwen ve and new I ae 5.8 Paralinguistic and axtralinguistc features ken aot hi pedo a en he inom pr uy br ae con ean me Inte ler ied pos ened yma oman (in en ratty er sun cd age (Ge brane) mma) Many oe pings ene eco) | {ete got, pl van tes snd If mee fale, ‘ions aay (ar ee sd vcd Sebi ne Ser mr fara wpe ssi Sa a ~~ (qh mang aways us he a phon (Sem ema thse ae a i eae Simul com Soe ene may pel eg aan pram Ober owy simp fe per sep pt a ty {tyr apa i otaly wo Yt eae my pong ‘ates oon ngage tay mae much mae me cane ‘Sraety ep cum tenet veer sabe ly ele tig ge th ee, ‘say cepaguay wey vous ny acted bt ‘ce, sh prt en ay he hts ee (Yk auc ant els hing» eo owe! ye ‘ab mya beet ware’ egy raps Forfar cpanel sed eae 1 igo epi apo nin a is hes [Se eke aaraarrece oe ‘owe iiss 5 cae tn, Cece ieee 1 Bia ton yin 6 ate a sn,Part Il The sounds of Englishsen Ena apo. Se Bena! rt (0) lena i Asma FG Or “ay ay pnt deri dpe on ngs nd ab a ‘enn tty ese ee steno een en ‘i gw anne facet Oey ‘Topless Ow sls ae aes based om hemi oF ‘decid ot ny Mode English ee dee an ie Se en yt epee nel sane ee (Cesare Gene! Brits (05) cn fn be ebisied a rs ‘a ma Eph i mo he a i £ i i i ? t £ i infin OF deine eee eb Eg a ane aso ed idSoran nh a wh fa eet ig he ces cmay he pling of el ‘ec nemtngy eeped in hg hrc nee ng cre i hes ein. Th eal ft pins of ‘ons vay te en = od us oho thy ee prom! nd ‘Silsqarestme Wechsler wus rou te an vee at pepe oad met end me ae ca te oly ee sn en pi ist, wm, ‘encore iene ode of eer ‘Sips of eon Franc towing he tons po ‘or tenor hs Mer nga nd Ewa vv ‘ch wor war ome [ea Od Ena evap be ‘coed (oso) Te won bn ete ay aed he ‘Sea he gnu tsuneo er pons ae beet Stee mpi, pie wt ep o> a 03) Ii cae he ead les nn ping eo As wemore thon he ME to ety ea pointes st) came inporas Far eae Chic ie ee Sob or! We now te a remmnnion f an OU Engle ‘owl oat (whether he ihc ety ae ne (abc) hel crt wn rei oy So Cte ar et re (a il ‘Seen Engin Se varius tyme ope, wes ne ‘eno ste tye nme de an he Sk Semarang ‘wetoow dat rch wai Csr en, ely end ga ‘sa per eb mae ma nd ese a ‘ho cr cl eM pda a ae on esther omar, el sig ar he neice of tigre Scio of pontine Thc wit ‘ere paling fare wich in of ny en ‘Sonat Ge wath cea) The ety pling amen we ged, a Ie wr 1 props re al lati nd sa peng 8 frog th uae f nga er empl ie eel cory Hepat’ an Ova (56) ns mang et ee pa ‘einptting venta tc ons ender ses “her eniy wren camper the potato of Engi wih er ngage, a Sr, Rs Dine i pa nd Wee (05 Souda meine cmp ne eh oo Engl Sti ee i fey we in fe Ie gna ee sale ty ty yes (62 Sound change 5 ete hit devopneat of ngage ome ors of ond ng act om eee os oe el ely when ti amet pele ons td mee aot prc rr Bose ange ang Sle sun ic yi we ee ay ge arn ‘ton wars om cringe yew on angered ‘pong may ear ces ven sd cng. ‘Tee netingerat in ont afi psn aia secre. ‘cs cage ft pos bye oie now, ae er a ie ‘hx tM er bee (oD, oe wd ah sii ME {phe tcne [an Gb an wd nae, Chao i pe ce Pore thE ng vows whic scene ris wr ei i) ed, meme mer (mo nn edie gy ly eae i eit any, Saye ec Pei sit nO a] ng ce ane cag wore fly a) eer Bt te pein ere Pees ea at a reed mesa nwa Od poe a OF ‘cine os hone oti cay ci whe i a cle St ope eeped by wet haw Ts ed ae cay eon oan tut bt [sur tsa sed teva gether oes] The sty a eegue tave nw gf) (ay nti of i lane 2 wom ‘poli ona A mira shee gen sf Eo ‘Gb [be visas eee afer p hi ane Mt ‘aon psn nro Eg ne Aes, Some cages ce iapnen oped oc eo cnet ‘Sr ene hte fpr powens npc ere Sac ngs fe db nz Ins gap wade ina (oe E28, ‘Since waco pom ed Seno ws Sie nw sss ce eee cr, an ant ec ‘st oie some Soe en {pee none pots ie elaat ep hactiy G8 ak! (hee ‘feowel wes nea and meu ep wg GB ‘up Hear uc ate wip nae me ep ‘os OF we ME we HI 44 Bol ‘he inecin in Hort yoo ine eprint ose wer 2 se Sch angers enon ‘ho i Pech wet Dee. preemie eed Ei ‘be pomncatos iy peg, ls we he sea’ al 9 (pet non as a a inpornof y hai [Sern Ppt mon he! pte ni etn When {it imporel tse rr wee ae sean tant ing ‘ig yen year ued pe of ‘ey meio ms aca ae ine sete Now, ‘22a ia shied eerste ger wih sci ses ‘Shag soe! or aoe thous oie of he ME Se te tcc Me ering eae eS hl i ow tn es ‘Set may lb ge a pgs OB: omc fo) (27a ee 10 oa angen), Te tr hcl 62.6 The nfance of sali fh np aie a ot Sor omioes re samira amen aca Sone moe cramer Sic Seeceeese sare ae ae Serer aT = ao {63 Od Englah (OF) Serre otegt prereset rnp me ‘Tag men ot hens aria etapa eareacs tt Siomwaiemte senor ‘sualy accented oo thei fis lable. Tene esto Ser Se enn Somers pegremnchiearmetecs Soe Sos as Sigeanens smear seit aecemrcomsnia ies ohare oaarceeetial as seoiniraiwane: aun cpr Seen ciateeer airs chine cimmneed anor eaeteawiigac therein came =‘owe in an til, oe in lis or hepnng te bee [a edhe Oe Bagh ped a ay we at " da) ad rs pci im eerie a pat Shey mony af song nal ol f(y Use ne tio beg Ao ews ce dnc fs) eda to ed ‘Sct lctar tte vene dances mew tego aly ‘OF das writen eae rb etn 1 seh 462.1 Claial O14 Engh und tem oe ey or sy in some wey seed aes, Doon Psaigy! wen vowed faa] eve) ims ese) Festal mma us| nobel a 1) can yb ta tn age an oct Sepeone Ae ewe pb eat oy) nn ro og nd ih) ramen of Ol ag a (Sh, Cg et 2.239 eso: 8 ant digo he rn a ‘Siw rch tm na ed wt Ka a td et Jat tin har" hi pe ‘geht Fact ee inc Pehl Mapes 8 64 Middle English (ME) as nia cee co 10 1. in ee ly ‘Saad Ts be i gs wets nh ura ee ‘wont (ugh edn cscs OF he > at ts unger rondo write in ME eg OE Nor meme Cn Teag vcd es pe Get Vv Ba esos) eee ‘2S ay gy Ta psn Lt vs ‘pting a ele he Cac we a sl ese tig 2d ‘Shag Tews ayer snd ping to tex ty rot hy thy tite Bot nga ing mei by Pach eres ‘ye Pech cto lig war aac epee ef sa {er in OF er) Si ing rch, eon ‘athe end [ety tan ye. OF, ow The le ‘Spenser OF tho oh ate ‘ses fe wens oc when japan wi mm oun shag Ths rach werd ke ach sh we nw fn Posh ‘Schutte ine of en Eng (150, ade ‘te manny tg tg a) Wane ‘one (uid op e hn oni ede ant ‘Roy te GAs et fe i ot ‘ied eo mon eed upg er as fe ME ere. ‘elt rte aus er oo) rc repr iol cg a es 8 [0 ME] (a eae, em)» Doi, 8 fom ary OF dongs besos monet, ‘hve may nw dpogy ner rdw coun ‘ve ps hu sing ot ls (al om OF [oe ‘fon Of fen) ao Tne wer fen pommed e e ‘agate Fe Note a nest fm Cause ‘eit ncn nine by te pi od pr) {tae maoncon ofr al pane ef ems) pe (in eed yithn | Pe hat taoud 6 Dae Fea ape ey ney tyne omen eosorona ‘as tno hppa tn ae we ° een tr Sst yl DANE ay ‘ral ME ews by sow ma a ad bp yi Irae red) ‘Sage opecfvord inte Shenk ert comnne pane twat se) ca — st | | | | | tilt 8 Dassen of Mie gt Ta (tomo Pg te Conary Ta? a a ih er ta on naa pra ot, ‘Site vt rani eae heen lined to, Se en ee na Bo gt gn a ‘Spt hm mn rr ge wn pln Whe ht Ag wit ne somes eerie enon i now vega i owes, ‘ter apr ao whet et weeny wot ah 155 tal de mate ney See en ee 65 Early Modern Engi (eMode) he ping a oben ha pind one tts ay ed Santino ieig pln ad writen em eg raphe he eat peed nwo tk ie Meron pn ‘pb sling ct ge emt on pct: es ‘ep ete sp te) been me ern go, aes a ‘Ghose on npr pens eat a el in fe se ae ‘Sear som and tec eel al (cig ty tree one moet a pee ones techie i Rie cnn be mf complet vides: Wien igh ame neg ine caren tit pri

ge bed amma tle: eying cv md or gus at a a of ier As nr i a ‘here mo sheryl emance Used an tan nn me pe enh eh Ponunase of he owas at Cont ay cl ae nme ecg mee "Them npr on ul ce eh pi Some ec nism ih we othe enemy eo, ie nnd af Ty faa ae a ei tee een ee i he a oe ees ey Pi Say ew rei el aro Sire ‘ove Feu te oltee mute hat how ced ny ie emt wing fo ite of he yer a seein Site's? ME sl hat eso igen bah ptm oven war oe eat ‘Sowa GBs aan osha fl] er ho (ot) ‘loo [et moves lr psec at tthe oman nam ma He yt oe ‘ME von eal wee hy te The vowel Bao ‘nia be [fr ae fe sneer) 0ft tae i ed he on ‘era eae mer emery cen 3 ‘lve tr) ein sone es Py Se {eee ne ec on! [4 ort wo ogni nove ef) ‘een ine gn te nen mang ovo ie “rican bese tal be ME goon we ge he rind od se Se sds ah gd To tn fa 0) me ptag OE) ed {foray bean tune 0 616 00 sed eee 1) ‘rvmlahiasey OF blr ta dw sd OF btn bse Sing ne yn nd enn cee tee ont et ‘tere hace yl), ‘acre oon on fa lowe sutra ol goon bg Se et tr fl be ee {et Th nt (3 ereta thet a nse og ‘Soup ec wh neni 9 peng Ye eed Sova eae {4.51 erty Modern Engh ound tem Dione ir aesona pias 1 (a) cee intercity) felands nti sen) ‘Doers of ld Ta Step, Matt At Sexe" arsine es wh dome jt ——s Soueeaeer ceca senoaec er Sea cerers ‘Nor sees Sead nd ike Drees aute {De Cua ee Wie cee Pe ca Otengs nd wie Mahe eS Smatenoeser Sagoo Bese eos itch (68) athe cmc loving Saag hs of he io Sgn ne eta entry te Rl Sy ede ttn membe cme pent 2p wry of si i, hone Sars wh os pm faeces ‘eee Baar re ‘Mr mee sos wha we nly an od nee ‘fda rn eel heen oe gages ater aie (Gime en pcr) Ao int tv css cet ne ‘Gamat Ctgr etm poms sly ea er ‘Remco ni Geen Lads Meal Tro, els {nt Seago’ He oie mow pose oemon sete omnesti oi he was ay et het seicret feds ee me {fects as opin of compen Sear nay at Ss sen), pom eo Wis ei 79), ‘aoa She 70) we ob Hae) Gee Boe a of ‘chr mt fr overt handed yr Mer obo ed hea ‘nae my fimo (7) Athi an en mate Si eal 9 nin he om aa sedan this bah ye pein fe Bal fay. $5 Eee Piro pew eon ‘Se it ei ne was ey ee ‘Stndng te sepon whic tree in ef he ern! Pete Dit en so nee Tons e end fe aa henge ain aon fe oso nd ls Peis lene op wh eae fue of ont ‘ones anon, Lev Enh ih be dt Ing sonal tay iin be iam 662 Chenge ince Shoharpere’™ (0) At tet inh det tw en msi <> wt pond ‘atti fon OF rt hough oa. S hd nd er were SUN np Geshe ee tn pe ot Pol rig esac geo bay Tr posses pong ols er fe) Cr 9 (0) 0 ‘el ofr, So (2) Tree oe! hit wa ss, ply i ems cena, ‘the inl amen be nee ed ese ‘ew we tn pono eae. Tos penton ME Tet uw ome fad) na ote ie thy ay ae a maa fn nd ol Fava eG Ye Sit ska ser ME od vay ed foc ob Ce (6) Th ling of ME whic ep in ModE coined wih man ‘Std dovcang al opr towel ta aside pce ing i eating cc a) i the te ery te qty moved wae ye ce ae es hat fe pe es) Eo om pe ‘ir wee Seed ME (e] GB ef. bah ty hed ‘Méte0 ten gud bo orate cern eg Daa Te ‘huge cere OVS wa Spite ‘esc 0 weit ae (©) Iles cay Se wolf oa edi rte bet ‘sa ees nd rly ah fo fer, de sig 8 tease (Ml he ert coms wa odo] lining) sent Soe 9 Sn ma a ii ye wr gi a (6) The ing y> mc all, tray anh = Spee ‘hye i wa ape pr af ging SX) Ivrea ine) a ars 8) ‘beng xem oan (i ost ee ‘hi ean eit eye a ty tc pth fm oy eh i o o (67 Overview of changes om OF 2 curant Gener! Bish (6B) Tele at tam ne vente ty nig be mune at Ini ange or gaa ens, wean te shes Cel) "yt eke sine pan, a a tepid 5 by ae fa leg peed ena (ie notte) ‘his hd vt toms sty ines ise mu eat ‘vel ge, hp te ong cay was pt ie ‘erly the nagen 0 SeveopmThe cag fa of te ‘im sus ety ap i te ‘Satpeuct ne =172 The od of nan ney been ert anon pen oe ‘Seanany empl ce a Mey Bh abi pve (fae wore athe nwo ecg ch nt tof gun ae Popes eco [omnia Se at es a et {ed we peas ‘Teen ea ant he develope fr Ol agi eseny ‘ev a (08) wre (0 OF dl fon vol] wee a by ME long ven eter te eh. (2 Woe nwt acetal fal sls arinely tie) we ‘er bea aa i ME eee (5) AIO ang one de opto nodose er (6 Se vowes ve ema ete ale Te spl upon he ‘Botng ea in ao eter nm ety some (2) Mea snd nd ces nt den eae, (6) Melanie pce ceumy gee ote eng Mares ie bt meet wit 980 an ‘eine yt, The pre owl ae nea wa he Sie depo poe > oc ‘Rk em epi vnl cng nated fi, Ogu Mate Oni Eo an Gs eee Entel ‘The eral etgund_ 7 ‘emia cons ngs hm OF pr ey Gee Bi (we ©) Cinema ate be 2 Ay ME (2) New pees eee [magne 2 i 05, ‘ese conse wen ws an foal page we apne fn Fh it mci tn ode ep pa oa ‘eae am aan [a wn ad ee a el [Swing fl posing x cores bee a ng Porvoo i in OF and ME) i wore ‘ret i ee lot ee tcp being ‘Semen vnc (4 Sid is it poston whee tnt er owe 6 ‘np tr ea om ee ity ae of ee ‘alsin Egan td Seid ° etc pt Te pom ss on apy eae” cere iSeeisamee {gmc attest ere «Fan fo in mt 10 Sr Bh & ar (95 7 he. SRR rae St amegerp mance ae eee see oe Bet ce necmnig opt con, -Chapter 7 - Standard and regional accents 7.1 The emergencs Inert aren Te ee pe ein ae it tS Prk rt Nar Fh ‘urs cry npn ry mh he ech hor hes {ie swan ne Suomen Engl aa orice Fee ie ‘ay eesand aye et Secs we pen eee (Gevsnny lings pay oie eel by eos h ‘Seeget omy ‘iG ee gh sd pound iy he ith et any wg hin commesel heft ning i ape ‘ite np of a ne ie Stet i ty Cm a nae ‘cam (1) psn ar langue en fyb tener ce penn, 0 Set cs fea Eg) ‘ein sera of gna rey spa ary Seen ‘Soca tpt van und Sac swe of Me iy So ‘Eocitenetin cy sees pe at on) rhc tn le ie cf Le — aes whey ny adh mes agih man, woo ni dy he te et pling ei, wing ming ‘Say wordt Eng gue" Weg oe npoe st he A ae of coon prc et et en pes or Ser in tote a ere tens ‘eben ts nes sing he romeo Eg In ear tne atom Swf compin tt be Cast wht ee ao open an cones pnt] who Ean Ettasm mtn ey de fh pn Slew per Ho aps hi pw pe Hein te pesos win we orate ro nil eee Siberian ain iso ne pate eth Shon sr tht" romain Engi db Fool he tte coats pea re ae wh Si ee ae ch eo a "cso i erry (55) ede opts on Be p= uit ef wor tt i tru ano mh wht era 3 ‘ere hi i seni nd ec neg ‘ethan dw tion evo a ae ieee (oh we eri (17) ad Wer (19) ed he puna ap [enya bos ann canbe pong dese ‘ter of hemes name ef pense cay ae Freestar cag veg bn gage eat ti tn owt em 9 pe ab Ne ne leveraged wl ing ne age ae pena pa so, food or a Sol hb me tal oe such of he man Sep sy two ft all [Gert wenn lSwr ocu Bt te ramon ie ut nei ‘ep na fear ne ove oo ede efcion pe ain yn wh dy 1 concale the sun thefr, which es ey ed ‘ose te ian ple ko prssite gen envi eh on ee Sec etcetera un a oly comely rt {iow ure mb wom nd one pe Batt ‘idee ge tc ot eu bef Shneraran sine Ao he he ‘eb cece a (0) ane sto C57, Wale {Toi ie wee mene ‘Wie (es nay elf cade opined fo i te ee ‘rot mimeo al ten pss! Engl ec hse oven bapa i a ae ato ‘Peay nef mtg ord pongo Nar oe af Sed net ft nal awn ‘thers potns 66 Ts) Bu Aad (toe eo ca al ancy nt wiley eg fy fri eit ming + cotandege af eey my Be psy eee he tats punson a bag of ‘Sau he apd tr Bt fa al el a ets ov mere’ fom he prota, il bes id hes ‘Trova uae ring wl? “wo hinge bonded ese (hw i i oe {2s wun te it perp at rel be epee he ee Se ht et el rly Feel al il ne of Sn i smreteaaten rants bee ‘at ey of pen Eh ta ex pra ly tt ie emcaed es of Laden ele Sa nd te ad ‘Sof Sneha pan rm 12 Daniel Jones, the BBC, RP and GB ‘ices re ome ett feet Parte act Becoswetoetane ners Seber temecencmnans pera neta rary eee Boe ence Speeeeteere ries re ae Sestoeciniomtmetnee iimabotaiimatermeemeet eee Sut oh parecer ee oa ere eee iy cunsemtmemnteacee Seana eens SS wena rremeememenneeg ae Feige eemeneeree SS aoaraeacres Sen ee ee Seas hireees merece eee ees Pee eee Scene ere eee peer eieeee ees a cec icra eee oy retdeomeaiee ieee Saunier Saeco tere tnerait ort eee eed Reiners ees178 The snd gh seater ncn wy pl ce appopsine r b ae} Sra ‘Sth etd bow, Geer rah (G8) ow ele 1A ‘Modern RP Iota hl of eit ery te pe of penance 1 RF cige ome een pte ta Newer het nace sn ay ss eet lah ae exces The me pia (xn fie at pe ‘te sane tne wt tenn nvena mony ents ‘a me sina ety enews ec eee 3, {he dtc nprsacce bere nial er ‘ips fey sean eet ene Se ne 2 mosh Stren aly warm pee ot ety ‘ey mie ome lt ep: To ul pe Ren eed ‘mies sted a nel tal mgr su ap. ‘Sue scl we Saori tres ety, Ree an ‘ns ben gly Iseing oa psig, nage We ‘en Sc ot pie atl [ebay etd oa we wall ths al Conca Soe Brit (Cou amie ps vty iio now ma see ry pee ‘mgs ses f Madr Rh tao on nce ene fps viele sc st srs ed ase oi felwesce Al mee fer and dace noe nga, Te {ales ten RP eter sso so td wl om te eed ‘as Reh! Gnd Sash), Whee eamber of fer eed no. be pp sph be Le oes pe of RB Ione eel Bry Ene #125 15 Other names for RP a is el te he aE ee ym a ft me oe wei eu Ba ena te tat cay pl — — (Cupuie ina pend ante egy ie rc trace male ac ee he lo inept het One Bia he er ing) en mason snes oree Ox prt One er ‘pte uuscacd BY tly ot ea an lly ed iF inten eu Og te pressings oe Bri eae) ‘uh tp hrc eo. he tr HC Eli ot eet on of Cane sh pacing Doe neat eased ech cr ‘The model wd for Beit Engl wn i refered ow BOC Lag 5 een pen any 8 queen oy at eae pi of hs whan ghee (i epotdo sene, eh ore Gen hen me ‘Sy eit oe stag tae ue sone hn nme ‘tapas te hae sre acne Merete aan {Sth CPD ger com ty Th pcs de ta mt moet ‘nun blab tT ls ey ‘ce rye dering eR wt step al etd wih PSE Seismic Tica ne eR CRE Te at ea aa ete omens sehen a a et bo ne ‘oak of is vary nwt Els bth we ler be iS repens of Bt ed ewer te tae ai. Now ge iy ss my St KF red line ‘SE powcr prt ag Re pep ae iy eo ome cue wi tah roi nr ay ey ft el ‘gt ty he sume 9 deed ae Sage Geet Bh (0) Be ita ce er a ted ‘revi in of hs tea ae sn a ‘ee thal neg en of em ne 1.6 General British (68) Siecenecaans foresee ‘emurked that Cea Bursa” (GB) “bs bees usd and may intime pened Teena emanates ate meee etcetera nt SES Senco semeso os ‘pects hs pone burgh cy ely soups ‘MStgont Thin pend pe feed Betsh pee ‘sete iy Cisens Poctn ng ee a a a oe i ee ait pene re Dionry (1) een Geel Bs Enns doar ae ‘Gra rt ee nw au wal empl! ne hing ot ‘Set Engh aio ene iawn rer ‘sos ac BC gah sn Ser (ded) gh a ‘nay Ot dows ey, Ree Penne The shh ete oft Oe Add Leer’ Diary sy “Toe [ts rnin pon me Se 2 yan spain of Co ‘hrsaader Recerca) ands ge fn sss wh trenton eg Tampere he eet ‘En cement (ie tn aoa. ese Std nd open cts xg he ae ner umber of ph of Gn at we Bag in ‘Sear f Eg Wales wen Smad us tia el (fests of GB Ce nd Eas Tu ne ume of ‘Goer ofkepona Ga (= OB wih rami tle Sasa) ‘ESn‘Goc ue nnd potty tar ee G9 spss Bc mat lrmly ncn cere es) 117 Conspicuous General British (CB) CGrenco Goma Dar (68) at 95 of GB ich ommaniy Snel eps be trated it perc al ih ae Se Sei A ly eae ah pues of COR, em er es const ed a yam an ows nl pens Ft nye ees et nto pal lr ener fC he eo ‘ced nd gu of en usr houses of CR eps {Rea he et aly wate sl hy le tow is ‘mca nome ec) ey pe ed a ‘ers af a wr ia itera The ve at snc very opm ths Haw al on (i noo ‘he owl he eg ef eit ma ma a {le os op nto) gh eae ets Sa ping i Ate {Sang sot tes ain of a es ‘Sse tse 118 Regional General British (RGB) Ansys eth of BC we moun whe ad en ld ‘Treg mtr Wel ches Ream Goa br ‘hinge cn fr rests ee dt eps oR ‘vero: ger fA te hg sone ay ‘seas ge poor Gate “Sonn os op Cen (C8), Rg Gene Bh (86) ce nla ed Si ay ng ‘hi exon sole ee, eet apni. we oad of RE (bepress RO to er th pe ech wh aly OB eet te reece i eg ‘Saree hy wep unl er sete a ForThe nd ot nh Serban tin etpiayotme ect a, [ese vinyl an ly CB nO anne of ‘RVs fare ae Btvswos Be fis ath a pat (Guat ate pen iin Engi) mye lew apse (eth kon batome ots ede ay mad tobe domrutets GO. eg sen soy + goal tp vor-maaly Severn soe nn od Ln ssh acti ‘sen nich atmo Eg Ee hte cpt etecoming mit sont an ty ee Sel mat stm of avon RO, bse, ee ame af ‘ny Ea a pak ouch cen nt rT ron SSC her aye de so a ‘Eira Ka bu nh Cn mo 0 oom ‘troy intonation ate a ‘hea ape thn isting wo the ma of Ba "os andy ‘ey mote years st chen cede ‘fee rhea oy or eae bang com bang ‘Eine frets feof xy Eni dood ter (Sesnno Landen Engi tlw 129 ind i tei meet oor {2 oa Tour hae note ues evenness 6p my ee pny. poe (Pinus reer lee er ri io al of ‘Son yoann aizion oC me eel ee 19 GB and forsign learners (8 on ude fee sane of Baba co te of o- ‘Scat gh ear ish Eg sand mo comely ‘Se mucin of ran Eas Burch e poet ee a ‘Sn Egan he hoping wt cgay eos in ‘eat ony heed at 250 le pol peak ah Eager cot aged fer 10 ml en oon ican hi ameristar Bh Exp ool ‘motto Atlan 50 lcs Eg aning oye ar a ngs and en ca fam pci of ahah ‘te pein en na) How dap he ome he, ‘G8 comne rhino ue sea ly pf Stel ifn ait wate che sly Breer OB and ‘Gre Awan GA) ose ane "tore ete ce ‘Soe fib nd) Sones mit pay ov ae ‘sme et he on AY sme fare an Ea pny ‘tari amen Ace et nn sce and eye Sos enya he pomatn oa yb ed © oo a 1110 Recent changes in GB tn iy yes bu which be peak eter sal rg Beat mud The deci reds ange sae Soo el SS el ae io ps wi ‘ce pci wh ow Os ps 0 Me ben a pc mere 0 Wii ing i i, tod eo (0) firma m= prsvsasoxinainal ptn da t ene ao ence poten wig a ea fy re pnd [ed (oe a ed roa (4 ssn py aid) mtr an ot sno fn td comb oo) a aoa en al itn (5 i gy hanged he cea ts ben eed Ing cei isn, eg nine al) ae [i an ‘aed yas eg an fen ‘Ti tinder ponctos wich a nr pi ef te ml of "aa of] oe sue (©) Tene nha an amare om oa i lone iocharee mato fon Sng ny wy toca Se towel nd hw na eo E28) ‘Ng ri ree eh ane rss el Ta ngs 2 ‘Son keane efel qty stmmir sfC08. (2 tn ed ft pnd gd), ‘ng wen dae por eon ‘ii macy seb sempre p(s a ea (0) The lvoe noi Ap fay, i, a ney ny, Sep betty eal whe te CO ‘gh mr cig hh fi 1 he a et ge ‘Spec i vein cp oy et) ‘lett wd as eis ead aes ‘en ec cng etn ence sed ‘Salone (6 Toon (becomes mogptogl (6) er dar fa (eh ee oe eign ogre me (6) Rrpecomranay becomes (7 oy 0? we hugh ck ‘ets pe ne Hoe = et (6 ona snes ot neve a) ser Tay ender eee pph Lado wt Ane whe iy (7 i ring di gate he fy yw snl 2 ‘yes eae mamgen as, ee id li st et pn wn ‘tl fe ei po wl nn re, (apa dar ere fat, ts pee ‘ed nl ar he dr oer ees er ‘voter (on sly sing tw ble ‘time pr it Use et lh nc ak ‘Sows aoagn of tantng th per .Splig may ses eo i rei) we poor] Le. (©) Ann ihr ad on cee seen i conven “ates hee sme fren pel hve bean ex, ‘Che a nee he igh Wel a He or Seen i | ‘They gn ne ye sp Ti wae Asa a INS Zed se yon aaa pap one at = pat ite US owt a ed nna ey Se Jee ter fame dpe ene ogee ber ‘to Ain ep att eo Se rly ‘montana pice otha bcomes mews sl ht (0 a rei at eh ry eh ie (J) Te er ‘hangs nec mtst epceme y e F108) (0) i svalsed with no up ext eager ‘el ore Thebes oft eof ay [igh ee ely tg wedey wins GB and py pod he Ladera (0) fstweet ig be ving 102018 Ring 0 Gp oe cat ed he pt i ‘Stee gnc) am a) met te (6) The estan (cen bead ew tn ‘bjotLaton RGD es ray common th omens {nD fl abt an ely tr lowing ce, (6 Ua he ait 6 of! ele in gk ema pl ie mance ot hee 1A Systems and standards other than GB and their Cera pt of eg ronuton a ity ele a semaine ‘Sin Sng eon Sande Sera ap) tne ben ped ‘erat et ay ear oes, pelt ppl a "ton edn ewe, len sacred a Le te imag) smge (Nero) by tw (opealy a te (rn) so do ttn Trai soe ah he Ses (ote nt i a ba tay ue ee ny on TV dra Tee "lesion oes ents opr ee ic hhh anr lou sos ft by et pet npn Onte he ‘Sd al and pay as es oer fC) abe ‘ea af a tats pe of ones neh ed yoy ‘xg recs copie fr aio iets ‘eis comimon epg, Thecagg mwaee o re Pgh ‘Sonar on bed Sg user tac pa ngs wh ny aging conpce a smn of xe 7:12 Comparing systems of pronunciation” Sacre duel 5) (0) evo see a ities inh ivy of ee) The Saar ei ene at al (Sia Sct ep Saat bg noun ae The sont ‘een 0 hand may mt poet Eh ef to et Engng pu a prt panned he sone he peo 9) Stross dep pom sa he ret man ln hs ota mo {finite nn ng wie poe a an ‘alee mine oat men and seein ‘hem i an sig ce F 1) binant ons (or eet phone poi) Toe ‘Scanner in oc ht SG re Sete Anse na te ‘erwin tn es (Gp wha, Te ae ‘Siena of ert me cy ef te pling iri), 7122, 242) bu nao gona may ar ‘hen in 8 a oo ene 10S) cath. ( Sat nme et pone nor Wet) —The ‘Soe yt te sett hence meme ome mos ‘Steet ite etsy coc ofa ton ‘ny sbove. The Ea of pct the nor Engng a he ‘tga tthe Ginna em ok ‘Site ttaso,oncr scence had acct oet ‘end fim orn aang ie 86 Gas an of. ‘ith sb pope Ln ded Cae (tatu mores The aa of sna soe ‘lst plo ten ef ne panenes ete he G8 Sree fia nd oie Ee ‘the sr fag bre our wows ans Sued wih epithe 8 ee, ramps $I59) Ace nish oat Sra nd el ba sin in mos ke ion an bat mow and rd We ea ‘emt of Sed wea nh of Ege IES etre owe nod es os (ee isa, {L121 General Amevcen (64) 2 et ih rd dof i dS ‘Sarath her ar poancan aerir or) San (Geng on gia fe ad al pin ow) ad Cne l ‘ete Gea Ameo (GA) se th em ‘Amecan wit Set nt vested exon chews et ‘hey male G8) aS smear ned Nac Eg (Gas Gh tee ely sonst nee red oe BB Eg) sn ne ot rue fg 2 a ontot han Se Pegi peat Ane og Men ‘ok 3 tonsa! nd hog vol whch mend ‘gh mar a nl pl br rl fa ‘hte CB, whet! etl oom oly before wel, A i con coe ‘eae ces fw une (OAs ad OB meee {ino See, Ga tas Mat somal de owe och se ‘Ga pau wn, en pal oi a3 Ina sett ane fi gh ape pr ‘fom be eam hs feu tea awn oles ee) ae a ah ein ae of 8 set et Cai) ot Sn ho eat a i a mae te sno lving vel Heo cet ml ‘owe mtr conn sp ala (ps pe! th OA He mu of Naor ogee ‘120 lid te psn osm in mered2 ast ine pevos pane cnet reign of ovale ‘i mor mary ameter mayb tet ie ‘wk srt nd oy be tet (mk {ein eer egg 0. ‘Dia feta arp et teeny wo se ‘ag pomsison snd Saya eto td Ag he ‘oes ce ean be png a sre {eine le eta) Aang eno es sony (ct ip ome rer che rors mea fl che yb (ean spatran tester ‘ict bowigan ce ay sve p's Oke er Toa dma soins [rang tan Stes tide a eoay aha pen a Gd nit GS sh iste tte owe et abe puss ee 71). ‘Stl gunge te aeons Gas egy repr, somes al Neto i Sha aha ‘hr wy red anh. The vowel pny Std ye ak ‘ts tcme oe na) on fa} ft oe ‘Wesnegnt nat nth set 0 ong Caen Chin at rk, ert, eos oe ‘eign oe we ae anny oy ingan™ 1122 Standord Seth Enso (888) ‘Sen Engh The roa eo OU Engi pal he ‘uh eat of Sti mc ae at ah Ege {aan conten we erent Sesh aes pe a ll wot ‘inne he oth of Eng te hh oy te ak ia. Mow spa Sct wt aie ecay ey ber ee ‘pent eee Seo Sam Score En ang ee SG este eo Se nA ans beeee ‘The panda on og ste pened theme One ter dhe my es ane eepig ‘eh mont sch erartane sous! fly sal pe dh SSS ic rt cue ee ae et ar ser oe posed tae. Sty CD ‘etre a flwed by ens aw eco ‘Sime tesla have diet sown awe! ph errs ena ee sn {iy sesh prep sd reconvene eed le secre Se Eee mee my a crs ere ero maa crea “Fes on open tO si we yey mg ‘See comet ne ae SAE a OS owt et ‘et, cme Eon ting ie hese es eet {isos em Set oe nig he ie terse a 0 i he ein cra in eto eg edad i ha ew arate Demet tind (fe al pe GB) te 9 ing er conmon ‘Se pt gy meen eee et {Sie al oti, ne opp Ply are? 1 tine lap ke Lenn to) fee? 1123 London Eng scary Eng (E) and Maltearal {aden Ent (ts) ‘Them daca pf Lenn pnd Cay te ep ‘Secuencia Sit m og! nee le Sect (ach ine sno Ys fis omg one Sg ‘tr chants of Crary romaine read mat wl ah {ide ec an scutes ‘tou polar on Ln The pee Ca ‘ton Unde mw mach ange ye oh wh hs os ‘Stetnwn aac seh gi Soh a cn ities ‘he ery vol pons ttre a op anon terre ow Gonpr i GA SSE) een ee nce. ‘Tecan tneees pe suber of Set fan Test et Vomit be tiny chs OBC nt as 0 es 2dr nyt onder ips am be ee “ase eh oe st ve torso C1 An ‘ope moet be tegmental a) an ‘Smit bern] mney non mnie thea Sno ah sy Bos ae ‘Ss Gatco fan of ig =a, ‘SoS anda = (he la at a im eno a aeoa ee na cir eon ig lm pc ons dlr de (wt st) ae [Soren mop compere hh ial ohn os f(t he ia ae 2 1 te ah into, fl filed dco tad ol wk ‘Sie End Rope ny bend eos le Gl “Keg ors le ee nn of hd ope neat BS by ok ha Pa ig fee aa DSK, {iin tons nt mamta ttre wwe ome oc) al (ssl) mde mo sell pl epg Vowel nas ‘dma tc mr re) Sg ben, ott te ay beim mpcomet peo ang Sua eggs [toma (ea) Gt wed ‘Sheraton of ssn mona). Polar Landon spec hr inal ten major ine coe one Svc of athe bee ouSed ncee , Lendo Glee pea tom OD ad ted Lon opty ele art sin uy ued tenga ra reg Sr nT wtf Ln mary Engl nse ‘evepiemen of (by (Oe a es aaa oe ‘Sonny hr [6 a sige ly Se ne tte ving owe tht ea ee ‘Sftans-ppereiaton oft atang? a indo pesos ‘Stee ot od ea. ‘ir Lai me iy in ry Eglo operon of ae ede iong il ota of tet ln cp fr 8 ively tn wild he ean ary. ee di em hi cy a rt 12Gb eet of win sap opancr ea ‘Snecma yf whan ti nee ch, ep, ‘iy arin her ltl el ah” ‘uy Fagin andes ry eof tov ee ‘eons tps san rogaine ug wah ge ‘Setyspee the ions Eon en ne wh pe ‘hc ce sey a soca twee woken op {50's morn te pmo cae cto So as he oe ing tc dh iy ey ego pr Sek eal ay ps se thlyes hen) me nh ph ae ‘etre acl vowel bets re ed cS beim ecg ot afte one in wd ian oe eh ra ~ cre 0 ret Lf ech a noe het ity TTS me ess eo Ie a rt pose fon endo eae eg cet, whn ee met of nt pry eld lord sec fon ten oe To ee to Sethe Sade sm nts ce ae con ont ee) Sei eA tg ae in ‘Reece uf eng a ed dow tao Ob, be mmarated od sheer tent ere fa wh a i pt las wt ey tot cerium een) Tee ao Setapecad sm roy begin ras ter es td Stat ag en ah ay yt na Mn ed iv inc Canim ay Stra ene Carta Pi fore the ey ine ee em es eee ak ‘epee ME on arte chon nay apo) 1.124 General Northern Engh (GE) Whe re rela eon nl Ldn act eh a 0 In Gene ann Sonar Sesh Eg el Go ‘evn booger pig ie sl be Gen ‘Ne Eggi We then gy ye ing ‘he pte genio en he Ne f Ei Hn amen (dw wan enn sucht ch ply ein ‘ro The oe ig sot es oh ef ‘or Sven Wie and inlet at "ui des itso tte te snd othe ng The ng i ig- “ena ing ee hire ite io fe dition est (08 ee ge namely a 0 [6 SOME ‘St nds tee pt ap oi aed a A. ‘St ld et lege ye ar ed Hie ‘orcanm nde yo npg RGB pioneer com or Fash sey (an), Alat eg nance we (ip ern cl stom to wet wi log ee ish Gren ey et nC en, SE Sates es sve ne we Gs tee {smc ane a Te a von come uo Tae ens an th be non Cl SE [opin Ga oS (nr oaamen Neves eden Seal oe een Ei 7a ici yng). wel nes the al abla, (oh sy tr ea Le a her we change Comper! wi Ob) bate of pric ama indus ott ncn eel oe et led ‘Siu commento eg ti afi ae potest ity sa son adn ia a hee, tou ene te mempongsion of to (oe a of ‘in ry wo (on bead Nee hee ee a eed Gee oh ere at eth Ba a Ere cays 9 al pos a Being, ono {hi whe tne wen pas depend a aoe Shs me ec f(t = {us ft loons two Sei ta a cle ‘Sb Lae he Go a oon come ‘Xho n't muni wn ey sore Lei 8 a Ptah ems Seve oe apni be rt eo ‘atand doce ante il vowel ame es ths ers Snrandohowe. ‘The i ie rei vari in Aerio Ean (ANE evn ‘TE dows ben ly cold i a Car gag a Sentra ron ce 91 ‘SSeS pea ere Sa SSPE Se ey em SLOTS icles aa arn ta ae Soe ac ack Ss ee et Tt ae te det he SESvap eels Seeger peli Shee Nn ets Sarna tae (Sua peu ey ees itl Bei ot fied 2a = (os a Geatng ta atritonof tae swce Side ne wether mc “akan il a fd te mt tp “A nwruceiop Ama Sah ee ew Zend ch nun th es 9 os Go any, Sa Set oi ‘hema meting eof hing ve Scns ‘Seca rues Cd fr mend ee al ome Suan (eo $710.20) on $83) 1.124 Canteen Eng ‘hema pb in fe Cnn we Enh ken it imme ai Tid nog Tog) Dats ‘xj ote wc mana ar sm opr de ‘Bees Oyen) ay be © nna et fn tend oy aucry ral rs cea coo bn fap I2aeivel fers en ost ty wb rns Oc berepisiesipeed Reda oe ed ce ay Thee er dn te Epi so mo of ne oy "he evn cn ep a et i's ean of el aly ng ep tang ‘tn yoo fae aa vo wa ep tmaef(] oy a oranda of tens ning ‘Sprig GD nen pong pono oh etTones og [ea wt pe pe and sping ft ad ae ws ch i [Se where le Se Gh ne a ‘iv pny ado pone} oe er en ey ‘Set penne) oe ie es "Knee Ss BE met bos nce hee of ‘nA ey mpd ee emo Ss Te cate Me! (lig wes red rm amy be aed by He chase rbot fon dao bo) ge ak bet {ped nny ch ey epee i is ty Stade med yh or ‘blebengt nping i etn hen ey pase as ‘S'in hte aurd sae nde ‘Snes om Done 2.0) The ronment pce ‘Stim oe ac ap aay pene pay Itech ees ahr ian ecm) Aes ‘how a om opt peter ay be sry ewe ot ‘eolulaton fe! ee ft owe ae a ea Wee feet cpm ee cane ttn Ee Ee WS 09 ap Te compan es aig of al ig 12 hes oie 852 1D ahaa "CS iyo, me os Q Hebron aaa sm oo, "as: ah Ay NT ree mene to ae 3 Benga no mag Eds Oh amy Et) 16 Bete Ey tga 1 ey Rove, era "lig, eo ,peeeaae SEER Bs an te ern mt sea ees omer. ‘51, (008) oon (01), Saka Fie (D4) Ee Se acct nett Eee Ste amet on 1 eaten crane eee - ee Se ea eet SES Sas ener neers = Reena tricia ene agers 1 See . SESCTRES AIS SATS Bn,Chapter 8 The English vowels 8.1 The diatincive vowel ‘hr a ge mn co nd ray pa or tying ines ar tn EaplaTh et ae ae ecams ‘Dnt oie nearest one sews a‘Bhe ‘Ape pie amcenstt ore of tie one in GB, sms (0 Cena Worle E42 sme sp 9, th nee for tn on ona pone 2 Con Gh a id ymin Thea oe 7 Pat Novia! Onan Newton is cet edt tes Seon co ew i te ro ss Se 8 1 Lng rye) 7a a wat (8 fat fe tet Coates = Pr ted Sei i for es Semi s me hae na i om femora) 1 Lan phone! i, wth ronan (osiie wi a ah weal i Pe fle emer stant of Bh = wesw 10) Salt ts ow toot Between) fo) Code re a! a i ‘pete ty Hi nw pte ayn 6050), Te ‘Kanes much a capa flee fe py coped ‘ooh o's ity eating nt pat pnenen pono ‘Sern thet bon fil waned ely cows ‘ert ie Te pay eng ub ih ‘respon icin ory ow th mc oer ak ‘ie tal ply ow ot hema ones wh te el yam pce, rests 9€COR Tif st ‘ma wih wo poton np pte nay. bli bore, le, bru Ts is18 Toe ot of gt {Sn men tin he per wer he ore Pos an on a. (2) Than oe eel a scent an en alot on it ey onl on evil een ‘es Ge 8957, Bona of i anton et fone he Sieve home tt or oh (tows owes itt betl et [ones rim ec ‘cy med Moc only nd ec sh Revo ony (a) Th aca pr ol of a had and ord gata» {ve hes ditt Semen, alps Nee Eaton ents poring vowel Inconnon es venue cel eng pa (5 Some oy mito) seo CB pes nde i gp ots yao Ta (o Neawel geo seid ym ores fl et ce edie win see lable Tos ie suse or ot (te umcp cen dang Theme ere nos os (True of amttng Ue O10 ee). ‘hove ney ad ne nay baton ey, ‘Up genial rnc op (7 Devan am amet slab ete ols msn Thsent hy er havoc aay) ‘Sits seas pores cy hile copie cm ‘ey te dpe fy uy ie 16.2 Vowel glides with preceding Jom! “he sn uso) nd omy cu pessig mast fe Boveioel moe th ccs em an xe ss Gey Yate for) iy ye ety Gh) fe atl G23 Mn a fete) vow ea yume [weal Son Bia Rime (625) See wm em ee —s The ag vor Gee) gah weed war Use ye Bis] ve (wea wa Gre yam fsa Sor Gis) jum [wes] So bra) Set [eter ap Dal ee fet st be Bia Some (e5) Gran yom foto See etar Yom” feta] Sem gee wnt fia yar fete Soe Doty pe fet Seer Sie] a te py aim ete sin ing pid spe meld on teeta e (0) ain tn, ae eo [flowed by «vot “ome ies anche ad cet ne un i es 2) Tein, he eof lone ya dihiing. i. owe ‘Sen the rr emet et o sneat Nt nes mh son a oust eid {enone an ghd, wl ec ey ofS ‘vet ae erence ase ob oe Mane {ite etnuns nn ery econ ty we sot tel et ‘Sr Sa bie mdm up tee [ [sin uo ae vel neve wick pene canto {ntact net Porthos reo me ‘Serene ea ial ja rae oe vos mie ‘tend ie hewn oc, ‘coy te ema te ei 4d] nace ‘helen pat peng Pas mma Tha el 28 ae a (319 wel = ein ree aso vc ove ‘hn mens pds Ys ar an nna De, (0 ey ont ie hw peeing owt(2 aya in GB vey wey male (mpd wil ic) ‘sciay orl anon omen oe, (0) ty hve ne 6 rc cv ought of! Ilonggo, 183 Glides to 641 ‘Simi, er da sgl pres, sc [) comiee ‘yi eros let ot pungent Tereae pont esd 0) ‘The ate net ahi even st along owen El a Sid we ere Gand t ed ead (1) Ont te ce ot cm he i xi epost a Shan een tre oc it ey ee ee (GeeH910, whee em mei eg ay ey (2) I er cs he oetion een te meh of ae cpio gmt nd gmat fr yt igen toe tote ne (¢) Aldogh one mene ch pr mick ng eho ‘in enh ea cng yb eo "i re en cn in et oly acta ag at ‘eB ly et pp te ae ‘een oro soar hu sine ah goa ‘fe woes om, inch only ab al ogo ‘eigen ae oye ee ee iat ateams mrbeentnmtnie monies erator Petia an vanes eee OT poe Pola cone eee Scone men 1 pe an a a md pi ome Sobeoecsce emma o Sua satin cetamenamazece Mela vaio sage ee mga 306393 Doon 37S (sot itdin (sore, et fhe wc eh ‘peti et Nt a 95 sad ly Eee ated sae he cee a 98 cn (© Avent ft nie or fi an) ‘oor oleweg pi Socestny tone (ace) 20. 13 ec od Ble 123 ee +t Te «vo ie 3 “Tl beso at fe ply serra adh he 123 (Soo) tan awed mh wd GA eh (Thain een nd eh eel of Ea tine ‘fem e or oue wfedd wis ec no{Tan (GAT) etc ong ot aT rods “one an "ATR whe commented Sag ie vows ins mami of Am language) 0 elng {Baume Se tnt ar toe ie 141 Marphophonemieetretions oar ype of ee eit at wn won i he ok ‘Sipe opm Tare ot pone a nd oy See we Gopal trace Rowe Shoei ling sou! te ame ny he hemi ag on he ‘ates yt conf we wo ewe ned te ore Sis gov have eng tore! nh ner oe sha eee, [Cine naptene dn ster ar wen xe il ah ‘ho over Sey te one dre rea et (teeters elegant {yi chugs sol wma spa by 2 ange a he ‘toe ec mito Teepe fans ea eco mc ep ne C) bo: Fe ‘Spero sheen ecu (0) Ik isin wo ne ih ey pee dre “ium aine non mien deen, pen ‘prion ble kcal wt reson ‘ite ia, doused pera. le a ‘iterate imme sey alae ae pape en ‘evan sent om em MPM ) 1ile'cmcemin aclmennoany hrecha vena (room pin, hone tony peroneal and (4) Inte earn jaca age dene moh ‘Nowa nares peep anon se [Bebe mcinaecty acres (9 BoE mmc pneiin rbontpindy ohn bade ‘eho funda th ong oe) han sneer, eel 145 Transcriptions of English vowels The pt useing enzo «mt of alt npn (Ge plume of ngewe Swen nf ew ad a re ‘Sg arsv ono pe sie (aan cans Poe ‘Att or tapout ane siete eT mes ‘conn ogee whi ya fig pas et (teat Serene we pln! tye a nan ae SE intel i re a fons se tak ont ty of vue tne af yes ur ump ie he ESnacon ine ne td ce npr yt eo at Sys eae ivi ot deb ‘on snl ne cle mp hon wf) bee ae {= be tet ep fre pues coping Eh th cet "rn ea of opto wich ve eel repent owe sat ged fo oop nes fhe se a Sin ‘Bonanno rhe he Rowen pei ly plea ‘Ss snl tomas se ste popu inst de ‘Rekeeaatnetaasaareaisoani’ the 20 ele eed nf {Gea aco ae snl ome yi ec se yan ‘Sele eter nado he gma one on owe ee (ea avn ns al her tsp af GE orl aest ‘ie deg of omanton ing trec a fly Rod se {ithcmpute hone fe pra sks Ona ews ee Se ie ctr eal mins ‘ecm elem sou the gy of he ol, ching tt ee (SS C2 we rte ve $883) a evra be np ‘te ot cle fn at eer common, shih apn {pe ee it omen ni “scion ph owen Sok on Hague, phoney ant ‘enc pbled "Nos ames Sow rer aes Fo one Plates iin Fino oe ieee pram beer 1 Ge pene (Gai ea a) and ss Screamo aan woe "rubig tor ape ifm rns Hece npn Uk maybe Ingen ha dt lect ngSime eho ne fr a! ge "ere nso he va o GB din kis ‘See ave ot sl gal ef nar el Th sha wore ivowa per fren yan am he neg owes eat {wi hye gy as wel eh Ae se tie he Ie mk tl ed wie ang vowel Sathana ome ‘om nseing sts tees ps of sen no a, {tay tl gt scone np ae soon wich ‘Shes ct tt sme ely npr le ‘Sig thse ove ong te log a so anes theerbagapoc nin bese he us as 8.6 Acoustics of GB vowsle hn enn ro te dn ng Simdonprons Siagmec name earns ee ee eee Dispos secslgne te aw insert Sie trsine iio tes’ re ong al eras wer pe of CE, mend Papin tear aber eters lips rae eee SAE eStart a4 Yom mcr ut von nah, {5 Forman ce Gk es tn er opm a fot ah eta Fa ‘ots fom the f Egnd The pe ef le fom wich teavengr compara gw pn frome se ‘hae ire ir hve uy rare ay ssn oc ‘Sem Acoupeme uf cn cs Sef ed {ecto tr be es ess eh on elec ‘ic Gad ny fh a ee ot ‘Staaten vores fr a pnd ont {re emale psa. Th presi encase hr at ‘is Sele panes The ene fe es esa oe Take 2,94 and 10,0 15 Toe Tighe ewan "| ie lg E peresese Po 1 toed space geen) [Le 7 ara toe fore Trad ich fame per ‘tn ee oe oped of Eg compo i on Sewccmnt um ma enh lng a vel pee ‘ig ped ogra shy nye ee fe fat ec af Scape ep sy ae spony te cof ee oi opel ee ‘pe dois nd hi cons ithe Se wore ih aly eat ‘oun he ng ef 05-15) Yes mma cil a a ‘Socom gl and Oar peal at nog ee ‘ose nis ob wut wine mh etc he, Sete faa, et et i 1 Aegan of vowel by aetive eeners {072 evi 0 freer lorere Many cig ars oe fom bch wie LI a ny ve ‘owtlgeg Gn Kin, as, Sp dort ange a {ists te vo near ouput Sf ion atin se ‘Bowen so sone ant aa eau vee ne ‘Se ie oe cy ne pn ee ‘ossbne ewe nay be onl a Eales ‘ites tobe tang evel on of ay vty Eg la every ty win ny te llores ‘he conan an ca yb obted aced yBnich ling ye i ofthe Rome gab ely of tr npg he Ine c> my repent vol snd Co] Li sn bec ee ag Suing eens eat ne hes cnn wi ‘he rence af <> ne pling me late sah vp nary lege er ony ‘rons vowel Dewees C4 and ©: hense tm ean a uly SSeS lg Senet Oca wn a ‘eget Ama Ens or nestor Enis ne S23, nes,1.8 Description of the vowels ee ili ae dpi 8 el pee wl tein (0) amp of wate ig ibn an Sh eon Sse roc y ecg Ibo lens Gay arte sho pry ere Sek Adda mene sto wre pen woh Sipe wit saint adc oes © ce wt cue scot et a scene Semi he ote, (0) Then) att Cain Yor arms nas eee ee th rs (4) Neonat cas sry skate wh ‘Seopa une. Thi vie enon the osm at he et 1G then noe thomtes3 ere ea ok ‘nm med rear uly td dan ll ‘eer Cpe 1 prey Sand $0 (atte sow (othe minister igi owe eine wh Chat OF {eg om Che sometime eso ot fm Wet Sno it {fda den OF dats can pray Shoe ttng essen) wait toe sms Sten ‘etm peng cid ith ewe Hee TF Te Pasar LF ate une at ane eae nt Sar of ie nonin x ec Pgesy #Eaeny ‘Santee nemo ny » (staively) pure vowels! (0) Baap gt fk eed se op ee, ch pre ben st, en ple i, gore (fe me fl ee ‘Piel ent ti, dom, ge, Se, sa, (eee) ne pe Spee, eran ner edt eI © per tegen inna ‘agrees renee Saco fino ane maton et raga fosu agarose as isan wines eamreacie Sooo meio ees Shiai aniceccord eparmenraane iremuchgeeetmntamtr cee te as oi. th mt) ay in wee fra sep ph kn ad plese1 an (Rall vara he of ei ecteii f onion Lies! Bina, ters over seal Saag aome eo) ay teh! n Londo anda er da Ghani of GB nd at ect eto ne ey SeSteepsnn, a ee ae ES ‘OF I cyanate — Siaeat = suit Siew (4) Adee glares oe sie cat cn irs wm wile nt ngange x oe atin ‘hetane ay Taroom owe may nt hehe Stooge SE yp yl se a die When ofp tn sales cnom one ren tho beet ose tlw see ncaa whined nw ye Sit ir ool sesso ot Setsntct tf, in (ie a ak sy ai (i, senate a gore il si i, athe yh sap ary meme ek al, Stating tng a a 7 tg fae | 2s 0: ‘y, BEESES = t oS * Sees ; Sees TESS oF Td (2) DeowrponMhe tor 68 vo romance witha the xe ig ty pea he ngs mpd wi es ‘ow rae ine kn gt cane i ee le ee ier 6 6a ft 8 he gn hr esc Pests sun iyo eid (eb sed pao le tilt mares te Oe en. C00 fe sn Sybeeg ‘neh ptty in semed mono ah oa sar in 8 ny as ah SN Sey. pat os ‘oe 1131838) Aghwee nae ‘Sto be sane pou’ eae fo te a Se ee a sic yoy tae-_————_—_ a ele, le, ‘ls 0 he he met be ged a ‘Stowe i onde by cet nd pin. 80 2 “lene i wh cow beer owes ewe nd ‘Secon cg inetd po cin “i nh Ra he eo le i pon Sige free) i aly cage eg menor aol aris Teer cree beech yi Sic Se onprvead pte ten en sar i sh Wa Peed ova weed af ae hy i cosing ine ingy tc mg youn aes (0 tesame fies i no mon comin, 8 iy: ate nance ve tee pai fe ‘aloe mary rir hy pth: mean em ta ee ot oh lr sepa “Selon! eg wa phn em om sara te como an 8 wn, odes, ht Tiong ft s mine ag gen, ny ed | sn oan rte pi! sl adi fle “recom owing ea ot, ag ah, ‘et te anaes are el cpa (6 tye fae rein demi 2 ake) in map, lage bt ent Fh baewings ch a “aye canoe wl ve sein a cnenaie Teli blog, booe en at "ut en no ly mnie i nse a (Se apa a! cha ae a Bat the ota a) Be (Gah yma fe fer an ro Th ah vole 18s Fe 12 Vr ca © pe tay so Sopra ceeymeett Ree Stee mete ae Pec enero feinmeser ates ras seetiat meneaea re ea a ah " S2 Ey eau “pian a (© bic fone errr ry ep ape une ‘tot eye eg Foch, an bt ee wh sy es teem he rt Eg ote Fah Ruan es cos ‘nie pe wh as wo mass 9 aly Engi ye tes ger, vex pe of i ear ta ye lo ea, Spa of the ngs hh pe Yoel fi ta pe (ehh spinal Gece el a a—_— ‘eld mos hi sun he wie of 0 ery. Minne dcctsred gs ion (felipe he uate nip of a i. Oat he sat ty fr er. pot eth a {Sin tom 0 whee dno comp ty en Susan ppotion of et hs ot vu were See owe (ee mcs ie nae Sit Te peo well er, (etna eng ua) ca nest ad Sie ns Hb ecm tsa he ‘Selpomeriion of ful eg ree soe ounce al) fio ” is Sm ho yb cnon beer int by pein of sean de bo mae hme he ey et rf "Fe tt oo ry Eun eed sisal ‘erie nr nse von we tio wee wap, oni obey ely ese ae (0) ample ing ei ty wl, we i, ee ‘his aoa neat eh di jo ll el nt come we (0) Deion te ha ent of ee le en i plein Weekes mating ht cont wih he ope mtr Se eo Sa 18) The gaily etn of fea tar of Cle) = Sr Tie way oe marin be eve CU] en Le" ‘pty to cle sin te esi of pl 0B, armen te pf pandas fac, wee ‘danced ated” at ua pen ie ‘ihn lpn net uy Fe 1 at (© Rolo! vin er vat fe ihe a Aur and Ne “at nd none ay dn ales evade (9"Tus uray apres ote tna ng en el ed ‘uae be et Aare pe pe ee oy ‘ow Cen ne eh of Egon =a Fea peeing ee, io Sc Sete eok cn esha ep rr oe Cea mene esis Sian Rs ee ee a (© sce fen emo vowel ay ees lies ese ‘ec it aow ive Inga ue tr per uly Cf at Cll gies Leen ay ch cae a Eh ‘oer ober oo way hs ene i 0) {ly state gy Abe oper ora aC] uy Wd, by Comme Gan pan, T i ld ‘Sa pose ot trate en te gueie eso ot (0 Bop gpl, eae cet (2) Desriptom—For Ge emg int pn a psn Le ‘eine To ue aay ops mon ee ies 72) ‘SBtrgenen ofclmay ves den) hes eae fam etn or poston sia lets he (geal hn op Cw he py {Sand wil een ere pe Ths bor ay be [Ce eo sting a ee ert er ww (9) Meinl yrin—Rotc ie Ie Genel Anca nd Sted ‘Sum sgh tve2 a ter eo hs In erp theme Bote an tse eng singe ee ‘egrenued rssowel etn fom {ean nde (2) tg ng wi dsc ng Felelotom — Sehbtira ottarin Feld Sitti ar tire Nee REGIA Ae aT (6) ce fie ner wig >in pig {fer fare pa fry. 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