Bodies in Space ot ec, Ue cei ais, nd geomet figures tha ao pays an inden le ‘ben we perfor ch common ata bri he miami thse 2d sam sading geome map, cr mving om he lace wet ead Coward gen donation. Wat des a map ofthe yor the earth Reve ‘common wid the lof mi the hop or bean et os self oon 2 poe 2 sere, che gomany af he sphere engl? The common ‘etre chocved aco thee dierent pheno andres dno cee to igs Kine tosh is phlovophicl earn, coony Of ps 2.4 poor oon ofsenseesaston tena pce of tancenset phe Tevphy is he etal period arses ou of longing eeton onthe sponal propery played by chs boat ge phenomena aes Us elenon x ety a 748m tbe ey "On he Ue Gnd of he Duferntason of Repoes in Space” He tke vp ain im he 1779 Die sae de nant ac tga ili ome pip, and peti Uhre eter dimer nthe tee pedo the 2785 Pema Any ‘awe Maps dat Sal Cae arth o Ste, 1786 er Magaar ing Nes Se wi A appeared in PR bose an = OOS : peste ese PEPE ST owl acon nce nthe eget a 8 Pe pcongues costa ee cage) a0 en incl ore cena enim” i cy an very Bene oy a nce a fatwa ye of We ee Tong eens or pa of HES Smear ont ea ac eget eS i wie, bows eae dimen Re Ape psn of te a SHE sae or anage efectos ea a sce BF “eo nse commons Far Topery fico mo epee) gE, toe ne tenis rae 38 2 ody, Osram A 0 ten he ca eco ieban Fe Toney 626 Oe fe ur he be fn ile 2 oe en rie a a ore SEC tein a Sete yon eae I pace Seri, nd Eboenart gnc tenn conosee emee comboty oes Se a hae pone Ke WH eget omy pss se coon foro Feng peered ee ae cence it a vere oue coderaion ioe dese aha a ae of ncwedgs, we a8 tee Sra pace diay 8 ens enna? tomer agen veel” fae ee proce i fomnon Se sendy fooled soe i nce 7 ey. ee anes ink es Te nto 0 ak 0 ure oe mn tea Dae ened ule SS in onder sane i ea” wk ea eda se gece oan ocr oc boy ne SE yee) 2 eee at ee a ae to cole nd et 9 pelearaghesde ok rede ee ns ees sn pe ej oan 1 OF 1 0 SPN iter Be “te SA egy an onc mS ca oniybe a ec cont or 75 Oo Tra ekg tat oun ee panna conic CO onan aeons be embed Fe gee paced nk Ea pS #0 whee =A conan besvon cont sod vente le ee dewey oN Sue cher pti 8027 Fre aeeopmen of Ras ther of REPU ca coneude sens ge apo een of — sec pn compe es Be endinan sgn Fema com wich hs hon oft. ae osly yee ne ST ‘ouside chee fen er far eee si a ae cana cane at to oe bodied ons, nha com “em gen aay cl eee "ths wba 2 ce eamcnteneh moti Oe aon 1 ee bs of cosine Un “eon eon sy ene oo aes nee poste To PES Tange of se yeh eg emo inedsnorted doesnot constaethe bad tax Yabec” af experens bat i ‘he conion ander which enter object can ndeed be expences sch ‘fosneon orl and not mer empta® “Ta theses hat esl athe potent haps bowers to pone 2S sgument in or of he gener interpretive concep of eee! embodiment" The aim he bodiment 0% P= ‘pba cleanest eis teal mpi “i” of ‘Covence nti fe wadeiabl ith we have ae bodies which We fn obcive and pcesive, tough wich eae subject textes Unive, snd a0 fth. Enboinen becomes plsopiey eleven ely “tots the bol dopa froal a et sracanes fs own, at ely ‘Sot con Be shown ht embotinen the eendion (Fone of he onde) Ua lows fr mening dscouse and experience ia ens = (Aeros scene ned, mor atin, and see appreciation “This tonal indeed pope “tansandenal”—sigticance ofthe body it Tepomnble or mang any aproseh eos empl matey any tee Siylogal or antcpelogeslstoeaig) posible. Hower, t0vew {pe boy in dhs way a plop penpecive is requ th ale fnecome the Catena al of eral bodys oa (= we ab the atesane beeen mater empiein aad weap sor). "Thus he genealsogeson ofthe i tre capes of ths a dat (he enccadena penton of Rants hong er pecely in he ate to overcome the mover body/mind dain by ay ofa pio ap proach pug a ewotldcbjecve. On the ope hand, eel oe he dy non-metal dimension ad eneten: 9 the oer hand 9 sok? ‘Se mcapiyed sgeaer ofthe daombodd sol and thereby teloce ‘hendy mand within anon-tanesndent dein. Ken's wnsemndon= fl pisophy i nether physology nore chology. Tanscendenel [Mlooply shoud hee be andenood ate nied (peter empiseal ne Deora penpecive ofbutha theory of embodied mind anda ery of ‘Ee oly ofmodinest Te meena ton o jet tbe edly fm ad in his pew peapect. “atthe ceme otis capy, placa ana of he oe of he bas ‘ody tote 68 esny "Oa he Usinate Ground of che Difereatision of Regoa in Space”, inthe wry Gis sage of the developmen of Kans (luting ofpuce. The oynecon Seteeen embodiment andthe nose ‘tapas wll eve athe key > reconsuc the tgument of "ncopraes Cotman” al eof sreiveoccrrnces [a show that Kas ‘one itt oi ina cm reguing the fascon of embodiment in tihng the sae of pce even tough he ces sent pore ies cue sae nt ce bee fence ive of Kans ery feb. The dim a at och {tps or om femal (pc dt tele he re ot irenbotinat afte etn resin ine pc oa sic abmaaton Gm leon conccin oo pel cence Os ‘be consay te coer ofan pe eershey Bc ele he _copsiton hat ou boy ls pstlege, irda le ne proces teat othe regen aca fomal componente te eecenboded conaitoninedsce othe werk of he md eae ‘acne eo won) Naser body ase oral pepon oe pater Sreinnny omen eee eo Dini es oceecne a See re eee ‘between let and right, L2., orientation. ™ os nape eas arent Seeger eerie ca Se eres Sins recasting as Se a ois eee clr propery tr we would not be abe o repre ari wee hte a r adore Sine eee e ee caeans pepe exaple ef, fr one thio, pus of the hea body tnd fr anos, rf to the haan boda theory mes we have 0 ‘Seer acral popes of pce On the conta man show that ‘heergunen ftps countrys cn help Kant tosound ad expo ‘he inert of ace aly beat ncongrdene x original sounded ina pcs forma chance ft butan body Tae example of he ana ‘od snot one many pou xu harmed Stead) pony over a wher nance of acongreence. es pedi {his connection betwersincongnce and embodiment hs Ket epee, Unchanged nll aconive presents of he argent Pie [ay ot Kant’ cel theory sense aesandin ee Tran secndentl eset ofthe Cre a Pie Rata et where ro mension 2S made oflacongriencounerpars, Thea show the connection between Space and exbosiment nthe a8 cay. The cash the argue of Che fot Cie dn ses space fm of out soe” segue the ‘exe aendentalembodmene” the conn the posit of ‘bees dation berseenmypelfand the ouside wr. Theresa forma ‘mension ro my body he aoe met rer ny senators m9 somehng tha "ute of tle” namely something tat isin another region tf pce ont in which 1 ody ad ysl Thos, here ita pure! erwee the form of ny boy ad ee eascendanta character of ce Foe tote low me to sprees ty sennsons not only a eran fom ech tthe and hence tn eps "ald Drala in een lice sed extemal to mel My body hares wit he fom ofipace a contin ‘rai ia rgd to ream oh the excl worl of abjecs. What "lowe forthe consettonbenten body sed space ithe earscendenl ht Sin Kant accomplhes by moving the bdy Bom the positon of being 22 ject” ofthe sees the poston of beng condion of bic gin ft the seme Tas gure dpa Kan’ al econ of Cate ‘in ditsm, Right the begining ofthe Tascendenal Ace Ket ‘este Carer prllion between ody and soa. Te “inne ese’ whe immeducy waute—"provider no eration of he sul ef en ob Jor The “outer sete propery of ur Gomi!” om the cet hand nok ‘lice to the body ja eet the epresenaon of ebjers “ous funn The body dugpen “je om Ka’ expo tom wits located aon the cendentl condions hat make posible {eprennton of what es “ouside” of me. Thereby the Body, foamy “osiered eromer the Gamnewor a pre reaing o te epiy ho- tuum dicoues sepingspce”—the fameworewotin whch the Teap- ‘cendenl Aste slats the chante proper the repeenation of space. Utimately ny sagen ha pacer of tee te ‘rscendemal form tha che body ie condition othe repre fewer objec, Kant’s Theory of Sensibility and the Problem ‘of Knowedge in the Critique of ure Reason Thee can bene dotbe—neves Kat ine opening ois inaction tothe tae ieee (07) ou leg ep Wl ‘spenerce" The very fete native poco se ‘tse by oe. Tis afecton produc repens The ed ‘sr swaten cr aly efknovedg 9 more comer a uch othe tampaton combine, o tpt of tro rpc in cose “ia nae sete igrenions” Honeor le cout ‘owinge ss ot with teste poiel by oes eee stent hits of know "agh os Leoeg ger ‘epee ae nfo at ea asf epee" Ft ens, Sopeamce"w proticed by he consocive lnaaon bere seit Srepraenatoneadundertasdng’cncge Enpeence sy She Boe hw de the ate sey epaal concn he see seo eat ern pce oh atl te ts stenpevnce? Whately or Kant Ore ofthe oe cng geo fhe Cte Par acon i he lin tat ony ro sd denn id tc concepe so ‘eb oper fran sce seo rele ae Se wich ply pe a pt eres Kant es en eon taprectee. Ie Pgemns, aneopnis in ineer cro {oposite ete mtn” Brn gh Rae bere he {econ magne cep nd"aetonw nen pee ‘oy inch ety wen cen cer eden reper iy" tolhe “onan” ofthe ndendng* hep ia Spf the pot for fey, nthe ny Ka gg ‘he pohly for ey tobe moder see pees Pe ‘Sloan. Sebi ort spc lane of come ere {lsowige of objos snd the meray cen toe Tecoy ‘isu ar the 3a" pon eet cede een lop scr of undead ns npn of Te ob ofindicang mn “active” component of sai hinge op the posi of Gncovenge a pies foal elon! “The mnapyseladion, wich clini io Leib’ pilwphy aed “Wolfs yematecon conta the dence ermeen undentnding and senuty concep na inition or semsatons—as one of degre in ear fy and dincion.Concepn ae car eto, ab stestons se oreo Jew confined coucep: Accordingly, mach dilfence can vay biged ‘by sppropsteprocedater of ction. The empicttadon, onthe ‘ther hand, oeing the sone apd npn of our Knowledge in the sen, fia no Hare epi repading = pores, merely ec ogiton. Kant nation of he“ prion the dene noe Both tbe npr secon ofunepyer indo Mamne'skepal econ ss “heempiron step ta foundaion ofscience Kat cones the into “cin so the at Cir ithaca ht realy eke wih be ts ‘ont. He inant am wedge gists oa fo “branche eosin,” tough which obec segue” eo wand “undesandig” through which objec ae inte halt"? Thee two bran, 09 8e- Sows efhuman knowlege, a daly erent in ind ao ut in Sgt) {otha the pony of tanion fom ones the oes posible Oni eos dey fame betergeneou can they proce “sae by roan ogee ‘Senin sesso gen objec The engi eatin coder is clam aang het cect mt ibe given os, and onthe an ey beta pty ous seat, which te hereby ected "* Kat cal 00 Jeon with egal ods tadson onsite eam hat abjecs ees ‘ou ony on te baa ofthe ste of oar ei, 2, oly Bec ‘Four onal apcy fr bing ced by her In a inparent wy, fo aon our easy ep orthe fit hat wee abe canon he rely ofgiven ojee ofan "alec" aie were, by them. Object act [Bren tour only bece ofthe receptive sate of ou seni." ‘Kane defines Sle a te pay of proc represents trough te way in whch oor sees aes by object. Seti © {moda of our ined saton to objec Thinking never ete jc inmedly bor oni through the medion of snsbty and is teprowvions. Kane coger two geet fone of eon, samely “on” and“senton” In cote Gi Ota, Kant fens nl yi of eeiy. Hi parpote ito dices fever element oer © Nove species pie components “inition” nme rlon cheeses abo singular and concrete repeenttin ss oppor the gene ay and beat he concep Foriamition weer, th denne Micon ofie Gore Tioh ein oc eet ‘tc opine ras sina "mutt slow atop feo abjes and dni ew aoe appt alae Shen aed) “Senn he eet mtg feat: hi teeticrefmcbeton yeeros Me goes toe semcon ay eee te matt mm pee oy Initio one cons, sen ote “ae objet eno ey tinge Cm “pence ste oj penn oo ements ch Shy cote Cnet pd pps, Hat nn fie ena “ater” wich © empty Senin ens “fm eth fod de onan spd ast cera irs ater non pes “as zed “jo” epochs a tenes bere ‘tos iion en eve fe sn nn tor A epoca ice pr” waen it oc cnt sopching tat ono seen From ction alow ean cn eer us Ine Ta senda et Ka ay ete srsion whee ma ‘sid monotony ves nebo fra a fos compen fein Ths fm tion one of he mot ‘ety, Kan ge tk th pom fee rons eee S bs funds pon x te vr ha of he Gants us a Succ finn foe te pc “Ths pac omen ital por ace ose wee a ned {than yf eg. ae itn ds seas a ‘sue nina, non wc bnp oe ped oot shin Yu fr ne oa oon ned eee mann * We vey el kof em "sec tne aap as ‘eon wi ee een spite Kut ecw pes pt fof eto oe Bin ce hop apse ne ft tt ps pel en Tiron et if Tasca shee es a sion of he Ori eRe" cee et nse ‘conmigo ee then i the em gg ‘inte wt grey il “rego Aes ee shy often ren Inn ard pain oat ow ssishow eRe tne Ka ety ome fie gy otislovrgBsampteanving devel» age ae cee{os samely seconting pio poses Tat’ eles canon be emir Jealand theine an never serve "pin aw” (ort "tmnt po iw as Kae sgn species ia the 1787 eon) forthe we of oar Gudea. This hain ony the pombe of endewsandng ethics fesoring tthe ania dion of nwedge i xt ad voce (he ten nd the ineligible), and of developing ini eased” {Geory of he» so fn of tennbinyapeiealy of orion a the [Bat pat of theory of oleae Kan a vews any trae © ‘alle about nul one dened zo beep, mate, ad hrf sper peyhclgial Coneguenly a wascdenl theory (or eigue) of ‘ee fr Kant thoroughly poste In he Tamcendecal Antes, Ka pres ovo pare a Fores of sel intuition oe fra uisons—ie, space nde Spaces the tecesary condon ofa elton in which Tin ject at nde of mal tie te eceny canon ay iaon of yc and ins “Tarovghove fur rgemens on pace which pecde Give poe rgmens on tine, Keo drcanes the specie watae of pace ad ea objec nerfs ypoeatsed to ober) or formal anton, and cones wah the cin sha sace and time ate pate forme of won, The apgamens ‘on pce ad ie ce vil fr eb te gene an femal etc: (fa pon seal ottion. Tae ie angunene pre the nop ‘Serato ace ad ine, snansning thst pce ee prion condon ofthe psy of outer apenence, whl ie be a pe contin of (he pin of nner execs, The ssendargament prover ht pe ison «pn tito sed vache he neevay conden of the obec fuss snpesene, Le, ofthe appesmnte of omer ee We cacti (Spec of our tne without ung them in pe. Tie ana prio ion thr rf to objets of ser eapeience and the inner ese 2: ther necsary conden n the dnd argument, Kant Shows Ca pce etd indi pa i wa ad pt» comps ieee whole precedes i us nd ib the condor ofthe poaly ad vce ver). CConapendingy, ane one well = has only oe danenson (ier fc ae not consenpoay Bue uccenive: dient pce ae 9t one Me ansher but athe une ee low ht pce adn cane be lscanive concepts bu ae necearly pare forms of sensi non, Tis le theconehsion ofthe funk argument tat dscoes the compas ofthe nite cancer of pce fr urn ait ner ofp) vine with he enon of concept which, the onary, nePet bein, From th dh and fourth arguments Kans cosehon fam tha sprceand tne can aie be proper of things nthe noe exes endone of tngriatemashes Spear the" fal open of otro” whe ine i the "foal oad ol oper pena U pace ard tine were deteeinaons of hing ig theres ey would be concept since thing in Chaucve are Gone (objec a a ‘hought by he unending aed ennot be gen in sen), wich econingly shoul be knows oaly tough concep by te sndertnd= Ing. Ths, since space and nee pare ita non eer cam be Aeicons of hing in themadves sd the rons, broly fn of apexes, forms of things a they ae giver our ey. Hence ints hes ofthe "easeendenalcein”ofspee sod ne pce so ne do oc ens guide of the sejecve condone of our el inion oer word hey da abe “abu rely” boy "pie iy” ‘condom ofa expeience™ “Kans thor af pace anes pe forms ofoion i alee of be ist Cig st theory of knowledge, However, with ei | epson, Kits heory of esi rot yer carpeted by the Trane etal Aesth. Another epotane ep eased ough by the Anas of Panis. There, Katie outta ow int ee nd in WHC ma sess wks tober tk undetanding in ren proare knowns sf obj nd ia parses, n order produce de one edge fete proper to mathemates and pos” Thee the conto ofthe “ocuine of the "ehematsen” a Pelgamens 636, wl king te Qt tea "How i mane Wel pul” Kan rel back to the Transcend Aesbets the pice whee be provided an anes coneriog “ante i ted ese us aceorng nation, athe complex apperince ‘These, te quasion speed the gener pom of pce, tne and at whic "lp both, eel the ojo of experience The tory ofthe 2 poe foe oftaton pace and sme—eprea Kant aero (be ote. But wha bout he cefence “Bi whic ls pb? For ‘whe ile up pace and eine i othng bu ete, whic ona che rue” ofspperane nd wich, of aed exhale charac, cent bed with ina waicenentlinguty Sediated 0 pore = po pincer. This pect whi ard raft Tesceadent Dthese Hower inte Arye of Poot, in hing the Was heh whe exegorier ofthe ungeranting sk together with sy ‘nerd produce knowledge, Kan reas the toe of sation. Atti Teal nee Anson of Prepon hence sh rn‘sl aay “dere” (Gi). Kat charterizs session na tefl way. Sexson i, Sine "medfetn of xe snibiy.” Second, a “neton ‘fot esting.” she oly way in wh bj are piven 2 | fe expess tne “tealiy” ore desert of oething sing, ad | pesepon” (i, at ehich ha inal the modiexon o seston spr te "aly chancter of ein" Ths itis peel in ering 2 mess with the category of rea” ht senaton ees pci postr Tire coald aot be devectdi the oon in wich [tas tkan othe liv] oft Trancendeel Acton Te um, snl the icy hough which we ae afficed nd pot ‘nism elton ogoen objec Senay coms fe Kant im har icon ao ie «pon moder sn pace and in, ad a oa thors sematon and is inten onerion. Seaton, however, wen ake Incomnecon with undestndgg. dip atu, ana pion spect. This pina afentions tht which en be antiptes"inall expen Whe fen i aythezed with the cegoy of teal even an» pid omeat ta the "degee” ofthe “intensive mapmade” Bat belongs 0 vein.” Kan eruitin of the Acoma ftom ots Beal a peste in thf oso ave a apne hat ean be expel spice tnd ine, The Antiipsion of Perception, o he oe ba, sae Stara pean in thee marl nat otto havea maga hat “aanorbe expend in pce aime ba bys “degree” Kant purpose it to show tat al appenuncee scoring obo orm nd centent—ca be nsrucied by ata, The eco principle rai fesse ice ‘rout een no bjs ou be gen ney, 0 zeaty would {i and ate ine tl ent” woul ave 0 mez al" "Now fil tr othe ton berwees Kats ww of esi 0 which pace lng at the soe of eh Barun body. For fspce he “frm afouer vrei gear dhe outer se, bers Kain the Ahn gy. sthe Ln hee te san boy i afore by pyle. Bodies in Space: Making Space forthe Body nis ey "On he Unite Ground ofthe Dirensition of Resins in Space” Kantact our to denon thas athe wal bude on) yes rin he Disa, eamely, the object ely of bc space "Therehy be filo Newton sod radially opponer Latinas and Wolts heory of pace™ The une agunens of ncagroest counterpart ti 1768 ses alo at proving hi metaphase agin in 990 tosh tit space not an lec concept but erm of pe erble Initon, fa 761 an 1784 alo suppose reed cinta pce noe, 2 property or esr of hing i thenuves bu oly te jee fom four ese ination ochings ppesice. Depths irene nionscive sins, Kans employment ofthe ssumenrsconietin ling wtron to he neceiy of tein our perepin four bj Yo Out ‘ownbody anise gh pmuney i der tober sti fi ane ‘sent popey of cet whi be hen eerie demenatne tine ofthe Tn the 176 say, Kan seu onto prove evo hin tht he wil maio- ‘so throaghou is psec creer up tthe Opa Pum, 1) Spc sms al sation posite, ap a) # maker the order and conposton of sae posible Space independent of ot etaton and compotion of ‘ae andi athe the lamar apd gel enon ofl ote esto snd composition of mater. Th evident, Kat cote, in toe egecs tha sow the popeny of being ncongraen counterpart ine sdne For ace the condition of the ineongiene of tone je = engruentcoueparsate led hee ajar geome greta 20 eel in tee phys hap, poscon, dienes a wel ine ‘hoa of herp, apd yet cant be pt one in he lice of th ther ‘or way of gid marion, ie, they enact be enceed by one an the ae sorfice The veto is th ight hand cao: See If hd” As with ‘hele dig nd el ocongraencouner ae mor-amage rec ‘irs ofeach ether. Tis prclaesre reverting cue abou he yt face, tame independence ofboth enti a he ope ‘aleton: ofthe pars of acer We enno become sue of th etal repeny tat makes we objec ncongniet coun or that kes ne chet Be ee et rsh hand) ne we le ther medarey| ss he symmety eat we Sd oar oon bal ® Moore, Kat comes Is concsion at trough meaphyil orn infrace bu ough inuitejgnent of eenson” such tote of gent. Aske ithe problem ofthe "cpt dtrminacon"” ofa “ese tended hing" or body. Kane eroose a this poi» cen Lesa eae complete deemnnason is neon to ain te indy of + ‘hing snd hs nr, meena in oes dieente names) fom al ter hings. Kane srs ost by cians se "peo (Lae) of thing ort paren elton oon ste fom the sein” (Cig) | which a hing ore para ce planed aod ented Rant cis attheposton ofthe pars preappoet therein in which they ac plied and Erle according ther resort In appoint Leib, be sugges hat over” tno enc with he eon af pce ln every jek the po tin ofthe pars cam Be fees om te eltins and hereby sulin scented fan the eon he ein which the oer of rts is dic ef to he pce tide” of he ei te ad more reste "ea the ave yace a un of which eath extension ms be pueda pre" One and the ne ode oro of eons of as {e doposed in one way or anos, ie, canbe rented deers fo thst tots doing hese nde or portion of pare cans be ise Eom each her and hence not be sey Searmind} we ep oe tego in whch they a lcd, ellos that ee refrac tothe eon by ‘oth he ere is med conus av nisona, non-anajallaton ‘Gat mt be accounted fr wher ooking fi th complet detention of object, Whether sean» ght hand could be mae 0 cence does ‘ot deen onthe ines analyte deeaption but o he pace O00 in whch the tions among herp receive en cbenetion. The eon ipl retin to univer space ty (and noc space the comm lcs of pus in etal elation nogion,” expan Kae oe elton of (be ssc” of al porior othe "abst commie pace" Ths, Kanes ‘pow stat ihe “prince fhe complete iernson obo Sate" [Baotan ambi bats yeep Fedor ace oly ethene feston an poston ofan ees psi, nado, rae on he een ‘eaten to the uiveal sre pace ® Ths precy the dmorve Sm of Kan ramen he cetemaaons ofspace ate endo of al teenie pion ofthe pare of mater, ot he consequence bt oder fee pare ‘Since igus boda onene, fr Keg na dseedmesions Eaacdean pce they te completely deed ony tin tthe ie ‘enalabre nce ode often. However sac th elation ble Ipoce os unity “cannot be imsedatalyprcied” bya the acon ess ‘how ths eon never be enabihed Cleat i anothr way tak totaly ce empha quenon of ajecveredy of ble pce but at the guano oor pce aa be ameed a the "groand™ ofthe ferences mong exe objec “Ako Kaas explicit hit ey any to pov proaffor ‘he mei thew of thers of abate ace, be ends whoo ve lng ofsed much mere than sn uiupporeed and pelenti chir. To sho thas ce the pri of the pons ofa eson and compesiion fe dent qt prove dt pine“? (where “ety may mn Kehr ae) sete a ak conf thmumerou "aa ak pra scoueenee shogh oe, een hagh th ety af ace ar mt hones ‘tsb gue it Sean whch at lantern ey eh tive tence fro “ree Ame i tho nese aes Kass spate ke, om Bc one 9 estrada ot meth ice te ps ie this Kot ees sue ace wth our bly By Smeg de see ‘9s even ea ndine esa e echs “pean poy ovr a etna enter te eo pa et tn ble pny comply dee 5g de oe in quton Ket map hr we he and nh Io inlive wa of iohing ool en wa apr heaton af awe cin ced dt te cone tack te: ted flags geet comic resco ta ‘soo be pared ya Se peepon a esos eet ae Stet we mare on on Tit fom san Arle aco tin oro bed athe eta oF ants pane eho tht = poi fens nde tah com intel epctcer Kant the owe be ogc oie, rw prove he “ly” oil pue, The apes res nee ‘proves trates te nn been end ngs fou “sty” ato oi pated fore enantio boc Dot enlace» “omens psn noir wor the "yet En Kt othe dco nop nestor ‘sy, wae tn i colon daly eon yt oe ‘eta oft riton or owe ny Whee meng stn of scenic ee 0 cape fom the tao serene bts ‘pc yeeepton son oso curbs dplyraecton ey ‘sens ene -enaioa fgets be ee) Papon ‘spinal omncion™ "Hic, rhe nooron otee o ot rove dt ne spe 5 wean coho hthew ov common eee oe Se fh amen in he r-ae y ieKaw il al eh Semon tte may ode pce ani eiton the Des seth cea pad whos cs heen ng ‘cmp tno na ocences teeta rset Kee hess to be peo aan sy36 THENODYIN THEORY BopiesiNsracé 37 and more prety a aretidenseation berween a formal non yr, nt ineroduced a the ses ofthe snes Rather, i dhe Aspect of our tensity ad the soe ef the human body in cognition In ffs pci hind of "Teling” (Cf hats neither incl not Deupectiv, the body i not the ste ofthe materi snses atthe ely esos ough tis sc connectd with che eon pce point of or formal sense for pata orientation, ily he abjece® IF the words ona writen page wet o change thee “The Body and Its Sensibility ped exactly the same. ln orders meaning “re,” we need and in which diseion we mus tm ot eye, 786 esay, "What Does it Mean to Oxent Oneself n Think make che same point by dinguising he seve of sigh fom 5 erling” of orientation.” The lace i able to reve ciference ershe sexes nor our concep can dicer. Fone day, ara kind of Kane foes it demonszaive ask hlvay through the 1768 Wi the ini in o£ proving the ety of absolte spac in view, once be tineon berween the “postion” and “region ia which 2 ching is led been led ut, Kant mesa len “posmize." Thereby the argument afi ncongmueer counterpart is comsected with tres eri chims. (a) Kant et msintin tae since the objects of ur kode chet ‘foute se, ae al laced i a eietedthree-dimensiona spc ‘ge of outer objec in theix complete determination must inclu blige of their oneaaon, i, ofthe region in which they ae pled Tepid eo ditensions sich a up” and “down,” “le” and "ight ‘hough the snes we know everthing tha is ouside of ounehsson sofia it tands in elaon to ourave, itis ao wonder that we meh [pound wo genes the concep ofthe regions in pace” om the rin ‘eoppoted tothe Leibinnn (or Bucliean?™ Bat, indeteni= the thee plane of pace “with out body." Empiccal knowledge cl whic objects ae dsclbed only in wens of thei eiproeal ‘Brough Our vente po te ulinaze stance for Kant. Such ko Bie othr reference to 9 seal. Kant these shows wa it rust be refed back to 4 more orginal conton which ithe sand why its inipensble—for ws to refer all outer ‘ur ows body The reson for thi nove is precy inthe pat. bodys criterion fr dscenng uce's regions or oiattion. ter of extemal objec. fm order tobe Santina he argument om Sata oar judgment on the exemal world depend upon te the reference to our bodys: condition for our cognition o€ objec: pt of "region insofar 5 chy ae “deceined in reiion to the senses mui be asimed 3 noc being in turn a merely empital ne ou: body." 1 di not rete whatever I perceive in the sky ibject of outer sensei in elton to ules” when isin eo 20 my own body, [woul know onl the exiprol “pon ‘er body” with respect the gon in which ie Sure is oented Foc Bees | would know the order ofthe pars ofthe horizon or the ‘hee plies of space intersect each other at = ht angle 2 he wey el ea poson of the sa, but { wosld sll oe beable to discern the of dae hutnan body. The venta! ple of the wpe divides the dy of is onder. In other words, I would be complecely dire be mot detled nd sophisticated map ofthe sy or eth would ak finding the eae, were | ae referrng wh eet m7 und ia oder to generat fom thove body ides the ea sd vain the eas is now inthe wes, and ye wll maintains excay Spare and relive position, then oo 4 cei ato lama 6 the males change and even the astronomer Wouldineviby sted f he hls to what herent at he sme in, tha he second pot of Kan’ “premise” im che 1768 exy is snother ‘ geneng an outer werld of orlentd objects in spaces re tivides the body (2d consequently space int’ Ihaman body ppent she fist generative pipe or round for ou of regions in spaces notion tht i necesary To out cognition of (ey t their complete determination) "The point thi Kane thereby makes difesentizly fom the im that we ae fc by an ote object when this aft ou ie rel tester, the mediason of my physical body & required = ar making tens of pace’ propeny of oxenaion. ln achieving n my physical body beuays the fonnal (eauscendenal dimesion of our soni: such mension defines the body as subjec and rot object of cagiton Kan preen« wide vary of eiented objects that ange om cles bodies to map ofthe eth lm natural crearesto attics, and ends with ‘xarpis taken fom pats of te human body-—ecamples that enjoys pedal ‘evidence for everybody. Geometicl gues hive not yet appeared. Ka’ points inmedinely clear: we woul aot be ale to recognize hee cbjecsin thei dierent orientations and hence for wh they determinate ae, were they not refered to the original orientation that we Bind incarated in out ‘own body. Without dhe delation to che sides ofthe Boy, al the a, i- fal esate, mape, nd tok wonld be meanings and wel: we Would ‘either be able o cli creatres that afer only in he dzecon in whch ‘Geir hell i owisted na apn, noe could we szew i a screw. Tobe sue, lle clei nd eel map ri hes ar ad eat places elec round the cener represented by the human body—a center which s both physi and ideal, both material and formal AU thse spirals and ass products become tesningal ony if miewed fom the poine of nteseccon between dhe thee planes of pace tha vend nsebed inoue dsb. Those objects consiite the word “outide of ouseves.” Now the meaning of Kant claim, shat me ca ow dh os oni neti ewe telat fo cursive” becomes clear to us “This construction ofthe external wold by reference to our body, Le. 10| specie incon of our en, the preliminary condition zhatallewss [Kant to move ano the contrction ofincongrone counters ia purely ome space, making sbzaction, dis ne, em ou ses.” Hew= ‘ver it sigan hat even inti pace, whet Kant ends up constructing isnot aspherical angle bus 2 human had. Ad even in this pocec, he tdacover that “reson” unable vo gasp the natare of the constructed space ‘without refering i to rensibity andthe "jdgmens of inuson.” ‘We cn aecertsn orientation in che ouside wold only bees our own body is ving insrument in which hi erento resies es osteo rece igi Thereby dhe Body lee the dopliciy ofits being: itis both ‘he condson of the experiance of extrzal exented ces and is itself ne ‘of thet orened objec of experience. Our body isthe tin ine where the foul of tanscendenal consideration andthe matey oft concrete ‘bieration sem to merge Through out boy, we have sect and mime- ‘ne expenence of rietation ina region of pce he dilference between the left ad ight and or the let nd igh ex, the sr ontop ofthe bead that owed ous lett nigh, the hear that beas on dhe Le sde ofthe soDies ON seAcE 39 body. Our bows mmesine presence to outeve lows os 9 extend out ‘nowledge of telty lm the wo-lmensionly ofan unknowable "> solute postion” (without elation to ou eas), in which no complete eteminaion is poasle (eis mpowble to ding ee fom a ight und, an hence to determine a band completely 2 edhe leo ih} 0 the thee-dimensioml pace in whick bodies ate oriented andondered in thet reciprocal posons, and can be known a completely detertned for what ‘hey ate Thus, by meas of the incongruent counerpars, Ken provide, sn argument forthe thes tha he determinations of space ae dh condton fall enation and composition of mater. This arguments aot yet a proof thar absolute space has reali.” However, Kant doesnot manage Peo tha hese determinations do have "zediy," he nonethele show ha hey ate embodied asthe original condition of ourseasbii. The reference 0 Out ‘dy ie original and conttive athe refience to absolute space (3) The "eling” of erenation that we dzover fn our body ise ‘ental the ground on which we foulue our judgment onthe regions ‘of space—and hence 2s the curing point af Kans ene angument!™ et dh elaborates at ength onthe inna ymmetsy betwee eft aright. This ssymmety seems to be iveribed in ose body aad ie mechanical functions bya peovidental nature that ha hesby endowed us wih sn indepen instrament for copnson. Despite their eter sia, the sgt side of ‘he body plays its own pecans quay over agaist the ft side The ight, Si (and in pacar, the ight and is sronger and more elf, and ou movement is generally fated when originating onthe right side (hte exceptions coninn the re, gues Kat): ste ese for example, whe ‘wemounca hone orjump overa dich. The lef side, however, fir mone senitve. The lef eye or ees harper and more sei than the ight eye oven, Kant mainaies (llowing besoares, Hore ad Bonaet). Empire anthropological observations ace calle in support of dhe mere Som point thar Kan as made by tlting the hart body eierion and mente or the obseraion ofall othe ezemal objects including the bay uel ss ob- Jc), Evidenly, Kans dzcunion ofthe ine of embodiment cuits here ‘erween 2 canscendental an formal approieh, and emis and mates ‘breron” “Tne elation bene orientation and emboulnen stblhedy means thse three premises provides he neve rapport or Kansai ne thisesay This concerns che episemologieal qzetion ofthe complete deter tinstion of boy figuee.Aguinst Leni, Kan show ha he revo potion of the pans ofan objectisa neces but not sfen condition tocoe ine tae ates ane eee ee eben een ected eee eg lente ge ores eer nares prefect ee CE ee ei See eens ere a See leigh Sette at Soe eee ee ee eee er ee eee ee eee eras ees Se ee eee Se ee se et ait mw cat ee ea eee eet eae ee eee eee Sees eee eee seen eee ee eee ae ee ao eee eee eee a ee ee wee ene gnc setae BODIES INSMACE 4 space isnot consequence af the oder of mae pars but rather the conic son ofthis order, An important ant-Lebnsin onerquenee flow: ater doesnot have a itn inteenal order of it own which is indepandent ofspace. “The absolve invardnes of mate (de het. |osre er Mati) would have tobe conceived by the undertening, tooth Jing bua phantom (Cill)" Fo, “hat whic inwardly belong fae, seek in al pars of the space which i oeapies, ad in al effec whi e rcs, thowghadmitey dese can ony be appearances of eater ere"? ‘Tas Inerisies of mars ony an appearince ofthe owe ete, Taste ‘es that Kane presents in he Amphibaly ofthe Concepa of Redectioe Ls appendvco the Analytic of Pinipe ofthe fist Cur, which cones # Gorough confonation wih Lalnis Aktough a da nee tine Rants octine of space des radically om the obe resented in the 1768 ny, ‘he an-Lenisan consequence is exactly the tame ia dhe ro text I {ound in both css, ithe retion Berwesn space and human seb, Left Hands, Right Hands, and Disoriented Bodies: Concepts, Sensations, and A Prior intuitions In the rival doetrine da considers space tobe ana prio frm ofseaible ‘nition, the zeltion between space and embodiment is maimtsined, The ‘ay in which the argument of incongruenecouserpar—and i price the refrence othe left/right hand—is hen up again reves atthe “aan, ‘eendentl ideality” of pace i concretely mane, for Kan, nthe “an seeadcnt” role thu human body ply inthe comntve proces Tis ole eins unchanged, even terminological, om 1768 wo the tc een, {the 1770 Disera, Kane definisivey abandons the view thas sacite ‘pice has objective “rely.” Spee snow asbjetve form. Howeven ee ‘ots dcaive concept bara "pure smstion” ina pa) We have seca that in 1768 the incongroene counterparts cotld not prove spaces rainy, ‘which remained an open problem for Kant a he end ofthe ey, Instead, {he reference to the lefUsght hand alowed him fo place space acd with ‘the human body, in 2 wore ofintemediary potion berween ills fFonceps and enprcal sesations. The Dirt draws the Sal contegeence ut ofthis air iesghe pace snow cesta pure inten, no sine Jeena eancept. ‘The tame point is made agai in 1784, nthe Fine Mets Pipe fatal Scene. ts the cual peiod, the cia that space abjective +price! foam of ntti implies tha pace cannot bea propery o elation Df ekings in themselves The lve im could be seen a4 madkfasion of the euler metaphysical thes ofthe reat of bso pace” In the Rt ‘MetapysalPrinils of Neu Sois, de issue iste definition ofthe "&- ‘ecuon” of movement with regard ta body that moves selina cise. The teil question i: how do we stsrain the dreton ofa cil movemer, te he “side” sowacd which movement oriented? For ini exe, epite the it that he dietion change contauonsy, we lcm tat the boy always moves self inthe same direction. Kant points ot that this role. "as ain wth the question: where does einer dieence of dee sais se, that are ima and even identical in all ther respec, and yet ‘one peces wound owrrd the Ian the other toward che night?” Tae rca pont, for Kant, thatthe "internal ference” that contates te Ineongruenceofincongrsent counterparts “ven” in inition but can tot be brought ro clear concep—dar won ilig?™—even though cn 9 Conructed mathemati, The “any” bere the ital problem of ‘erecting the drecon of ceux movernent andthe cm tac incongn>- fence thows the subjective and inne mature of pace en be undentecd, nce again, ony through the embodiment of tha pare incon in he let Ind ig side of our own body. For we leamed tom the esay "On te ‘Uhimate Ground ofthe Ditrensaton of Repions in Space” on een righ ands are, a the same tie, examles of incongraence and ‘men foe detecting pil orientation, Kans ference to the Laer point, though iden inthe 1786 te conse antral part oft. One ofthe examples, provided regards an “excepion.” Kant refers wo those “ave” dead boset ht once dected, show an onde of the intrsal organs that preci te responds to all the "physloglules” vere in oer buman boli, 28 (peal the organs present an averdon off and sight which conan (he ua ade.” I eheeoay "Whar Dots it Manto Orient neselfn Thinking?” which sppea in he same year a the Fre MespysialPoopes of Netra Sones, we nds trong ese forthe raion berween onetson and the ncongroece thor we "ee" in our own bod. Inti tex, Katie not 0 mach concerned ‘withthe properties of space a with he notion of “orieason."" As inthe int Meili! Pincp, Kast dicots an exception: he "lace," pre= ‘iouly mensoned, of the sy in which al he sars suddenly change Beir Drenation, or the "tick" that someone could ply on w by changing he postion ofa the object in dark room vel now to vs, which would ‘itn the me eetiprocal order and yer be inverted according to lead BODIESINSeACE 43 SG Th eg un Wi oe pons boon t inte edna cp teeny it cur wate at sont sows ww cine ah eels Oe achilles oe eee og Scopidapnmfldorernu Teme oe ee ‘snaton bcintdinte bomen sheared ang: Erdresontarwspinkecmesfourenboicions Te eke Sin bes ut ys Sac eee eam ere" ph phn a cranes sib nis annette Feo ssp eon stmt aan ‘upended nthe ttl ebsenty ofthe dak oom ov hs ange: Oo Eady fing fr sno 9 a cgay atl ee ex 3 and training, This cag is epitoe in the fanctic oe sites, cpcr mane neon es Ta Ss of he Pago Kant es “po of ang a Kat es “poo ange cocp ti orp tng ca -shp sc ann Pree pinta lan spe in Man ingot eee Dean ning od meiner ce ne Tea ee spn decom sopoor teeming inn Sommcloumsrioe nen onion otal g cial pee“ ieee ce as Ser scaanemeaeneeeenneeseeeEeeeeeenes coud cultnne tein dpe shen Sk ; pe shah Sek aienes “eva ial oy og eenaal cies Stak ee sha oy at Ka ea a cite tou ony te ie ee eae ‘Sy een ny hand rare eeeed ogee Whe ‘ndanng ss nortan ccomspsfaveaeanre nye tnduoie surge titers vanmaane en eke (ough aroma pucin wey incr chaneee oe cake crops ier reef ttacion beeen ean age on ae ‘ cick pot the ein bevees tig and ur sea From tr cea ch aa ont na, Kenroy she ace tack {pore da den tng my se ee : cmt ier hes ak ‘fotcenrmnon' oboe we ge cape ecm sly prance ier thy aeton se44 THE BODEN THEORY “as wus dhe casein the 1768 ey, Kant conten chat che "intra ter= gow ofan objec ceveaed ony “rough the desrmination of te ‘ual raion to the entire space." Kant preene to kind of eli: case Seuneles” and one to te “ete space.” Such a dsnctionethors ve cuotaltdotermination ofthe “region” in 178, which wa set ome rectal rein fo solos consi space and once ration to ounelves (Corsa bod). The crucial pone iden the Peli the rw sions Cet comverg in a elton to our bod ie, othe diferenceberneen Tee tne igh band chan immediaely 2 marx of intison Like eer Tboolte space, our body isa nia pace in elation so which we postion in the Porlates of Enpivil | | the perentobvacee “ ee Pca ate cce heme pcepion ese opr obsaleproented by he “pone four se ‘dition thatthe Body receives fom experience Kat argues thatthe the “actuality” she underanding wih wo ovale" ending our kaon of ings he eon polite) denna "ecepon es enc sete, of whith ve are coco oc mma tomes ‘ose exten isto be known Forifou consumes aon oe ‘mime we woald merely ave fal inn ete sc sad oe sunon Wht eso indonesian a tou sx persion in accndince othe sali efeseracce feat connection in an eperine in gel Tee cece the bet inition yin) nak ieps be creat “Peep” eh Kat The proce o tobe pect ithe ste aie of or seni Gotan Pocepons eon cute sacra hie cor hoy ma reed by uct pon ese ‘iy ce te cone joe gh ion The sag foto ats snot ese te pen se eh tn Scr the pce cya Say peed sper et ofthe uadeadag—or oy though edcrrereon ne eeween the eanscendental ideality ofthe Body and che absence of mate lysed sal ‘aos argeseat efits the claim of stra” eas nts vi torical manifestations, ie, Descartes “problematic” (or “pschologis® ‘deal and Berkeley's “dogmatic” seahinn. He denies the central im tf esinm in its arta on the proposiion tha elites che “exivence of object im spce outside outils" While problematic idealism cose tr this existence doubifil and indemonstable, dogmatic ies singly ‘Seca a fe an nposbl,videaty, with is hess, eam under ‘mines che milestones of Kan’ construetion, namely che clas (0) tha the | thatwe expecence and not on “it notdzelysesondin BODIES AND SOULS 65 hea wane ipo ee soa pee segras e Sacco cay et Tanneries sienna setae a reer a he sepia ms eR et Semester sec uttapeint tte met : 4 property of things in themselves, ic, of things taken apart f 5 ‘mn dan deeeecson Senn Stegner ones ‘existence except our own and any existence outside These, pot a cee cea pairniesracea yet ‘persia neha ee ac that both che merely negative conclusion of the. sed the fermen cent aeen epee ee roping ay sone pnry nents aide beie aecaar osteo anheee ordinance anon in che 1787 edition of the first Critique atthe ver} tect rn ————— ly imagine, fancy, or dr if oa eatside ourselves. This chieved laaiae es eet Sencar en rotation Seer cata tee | imposible™ More raza, Kaas move : ty consists in oversurning the veryassusiption of Descartes dealin, He contends thatthe inner dimension ‘of eansciousness presupposes and reqsires ower expesience. In other wor, Kant intimates that only an embodied rejece en hace expesience of her inner sf though the experience ofthe oster word tha her body chan- pes Descartes cot cannot bea dirembodied bject. Bui the sbjectis, necetrly embodied then the exitence of outer abject isthe fst condi- ‘Hon ofall ianer experience. Thereby, the priority of pce over ine coms to the re. Ths, Kanes these the following: elbeonscousnes is alas tu necesaily embodied contours; "the mere, but epiicaly dets- Tnined,conciowines of my own exinence™ proves he existence of hes in space outside myelin proofs accompanied by three remarks. "Kant articulates the proof follows 2m conscious of my own ex ence only through miy empirical determination in ime, Sel-onscioas~ nes for Kant, isnot am abstract, empty eeraiary but a sate always and nectscily determined by an empirical contee apprehended in tne Kent, ‘sublshes two connected pours che ground fr the determination of my fxtence inne stot “in me" ors effected by me) bu “outside me", ‘his determination i ota epresenaton but x el hing. According tothe fest analogy of experience, determination inte presupposes “something permanent” or endaring Bekah) sn perception. Substance and its = Inanence are seither th iterioity of afoul o spet nor an “inition in ‘yell For all ground of determination ofrmyexstence that can be found fn me ony repeseeation, and representations dcermne my exsencein time through their change: however, inorder for teic change to serves, Aeterminaion of my inner tt, something pecmanent is required in ra toon to which change eas be determined and hence an serve as determina ‘ion of my inner sate. Hence, this ornething permanent ma beatles Indic, she permanent nut alo be an exsng shing, not a epreceate- sion. If" penepon” of the permanent s needed formy inner determinatcn, then, forthe second posuate of empzical thinking, chit permanent can only be persived rough area hing tha exis outide me, not heough 2 ners epenttion of ting outside me. Moreover 3¢ Kane clans ine ‘087 peace, “the eepctentation of rometking pring in existence is roe the sme a a pert epresemation”” By refering to perception, Kuat ‘andelnes the material side of ove cognition of ppearances. AS establish by the powlateo€ scrote only fom che existence of things outside ‘utsives cat “e derive the whole material fr cogzition, een rom ist dens"™ Thereby, the Refuetion af Lede csses the tcond postlite ‘ep further and shows that we need perception not only know eal nooiks AND souls 67 jes of che external wold but evento get the ind of inne “eran” four own exitence that Descartes recued fous his radia! Soube Kant’ conclusion allows “the determination of my existence in time 4s ponible only through che exinence of sews! chings (Extn winkicher Ding) that perceive oseide me" Nov, el contiousnessis precisely con. ‘eioumnes of my tine-determinaton e-determinaion presuppetes 254 egies perception: perception, reveding the pretence ofthe Body in he give proces, iplis the form ofspace a which theexitence of things ispersived as outside me Hence inne expesiencepreopposrs ot ene tiene i, perception of sel world ntuited ia space tie me The ex ikence of eater sings is the necesary “condition of time determination” ‘beans consciousness uecenarily embodied, “Conssiounes of my own existence is at he sme tine aimee conciousness of the exitence of ‘ther chings ouside me." Thoeey, Kane proves thtiftme isthe mediate ‘onion ofall outer apeaeances.® the edgy of ones experience i the “condition of de publi" ofall inner experience, Conciusnes ‘ofmy existence in time nd contciouiets of the exitence of outer things secur “tthe same dime” fxg Conscousnes of my existence i the immediate consciousness both of ay being in ape, Le, of my having & body (sts my body and af my beingin time, ofthe inner dimension within whieh my outer experience is ondered an apprehended throogh tine-determinaion, Wih the fire of rational psychology to prove the ceitence ofa oul th inner sense nds itelfnscescly projected onto the oad” Inne experiences uety dependent vpon the Gods immesiate relation co objets. Tae inner would doesnot hare “sense” (or determina ‘on} independenty of he outer wed. Or che conry, the outer sense fon the ground of frm reliton tothe body, enjoys the immediacy of oract with objects fecepsvty), Thus, while inner ote is constiatvey "mediated" outer tenses consiotvely “immediate "This conclusion ges guns the fundamental aim of Deseaiesspyctologia idealism, te ‘he immediate cersnty ofthe i. Tobe sue, however, Kant’ thesis not aly overraras Deseares problems the, tsadialy changes is struc tare. Only through the mediation of oxter experience, whichis propely immedi, is inner experience pole, However, “inner experience” not “consciousness of eur own existent” but exher consciousness of he dktermination of our existence in ime, The fra sepresenative of OU sjectivity, che “T think” yields neither “knowledge” of oursives not “experience” of ourslees. For saner experience to tae pice, inition is slays needed in aon to the simple cought of the “chin“ote ois of my exec in ime nde ato ingly beiagcncou fyiersens” Ye comin oy oe tect nines ew ecnpta consume ny ene ch “Spine coniunen fay eastern ch nappa Cab of an here, eb po encoun of my exiace ibaa Lesa ny ng pr ins body. A ae ea peri stant Sreaborenbutimen he meey condo ope “Se opponent ope chen e etempy imagine nd don Tel gh Doda ma epee ay extant een he oe ed thr on eo el, pom, erate indeed oe aed a ‘ton bce cdr i ee expec yee in Sine Th by ree nti) i hinge tat eps Jee ole wel wa ny mere” Spry cd ‘uh woe Rouaons onthe acc oa peepon oe “Sin ofthe yn eo eeu on tr rages, Ou pte {ct ime deermiaioniependon nec feng Chg ‘Soe rsa goto eect pease pce Anat Induguedin he os Mpa! sp of Nt Str wei iter enpon pec cpa of acto toven Gaur co) ao ap pe tren he ole thay ing eon con Tush cam he permanent in ce inserted oot a he Refsn inthe Gene Rens oh Sy of in pei on ofcmionne nee enoinent ease damental fact—indeed a “noteworthy” one—for the objective employment Sftnecncps of undeanting "a eo undead he fombliy than adc ih tcp ano emowte te or they ofthe ner ost mcd ety nln een se ini" Tit hit cere which nde {Sees trogh tough e Retenton of tani cd the nyo Pe 3 Disembodied Ideas My out was with, rm af em sore, Uh 1s noe mene oro sachet a fen ine! The tence Paths ot faints coe ae band pve there fame of renee fr Kan ito Set ide” and hom of on he nicl tps the tarot isto and the noon ot eupyccrpopen then int the itor content eta ofboth Batch 4 Lebisin-Walfin aon, Moron, Kat teeece ence ‘evn expe accompanied by at hora commer da $a lng whith Kant her dvops Wha tanec stent Kanes "nowndayeledLnl” Howes he Cage Pe ‘eso wil tach tht “le” aod” te too dite steers 201 tiene sane for ese thing Wha sey ron 217 with hermits, he funda hee ok ie daconbrwesthelogy and rl psp a eet oe oe epic. Given the way in wich th ancient te, Hato eoee fies as bees conte by the Bh emp fe ee pce Dy Epcas) iaeaon opel pls andy Wells ies‘of thooreieal or speculative philosopy, Kant wishes to regain the trae Plane signicance ofthe concept. This becomes posible, however only ‘rough he necessary specification ofthe te ofthe erm in cheology and ‘nota philosophy. What Kanis not yet clea sbout nhs pilesphicl po tram, in 1993 the fac tae there isa specific aculey of ess diferent and ‘epoete om the ficaleyofconeepts—ie, tat he function and domain of ‘he “elle” need co be specified not ory in elation 1 “senility” but to in relation co “tenon” Inlet and reason—in the Disa both ae fumed under the term ineligeto each ake use of a diferent ype tf concepts and have sw diferent phere of aplication. The anys of Rates conception of ideas in the Diseato revels that, iC he senses the crucial difezence separstng the “concep” af substance fom the “ides” of moral perfection he it not able yoto draw 3 eorespondngdistinesion the respective fcabies thac generate and ws concepts and ess "The aim ofthis chapter io broaden ce perspective within which em ‘bodiene is bees thematized soar i Kant plalosophy. Up to this point "have shown how the body, displaying a prey wanscendental fom, plays 4 cri rle inthe development of Kant ation of sensibly, and how, precisely through the body seus edcllydisinguishedfrom—and See aho necessarily related to—ondertanding adits concepts. Anan ome crucial moments ofthe doctrine of chematism ofthe Sst Crit, have shownin wha vena the cogniiveexpesenceprperto the mates jen and physic] construction of nature as well x empiri sel-coguiton ‘esl fom the symeti ntericton of sensibly’ pure forms and uader- endings concep I now draw to the center of the dicusion = “epion” tf ous cognitive aly that, on Kant’ accoune, i consicutiely epuated fom sensilsy—a region chat, whose teraction with ens sia principle exclded a i yields no knowledge of objects. This ce eal, Df retin’ ideas” Continuing the inquey begun in the previo 60 haps, 1 sare wit the anny of pre-cicltext. show how tke £778 ‘Diserati gain the concept of “dea” by thinking chrough the disiction between sensi and ndentanding for nel. ‘hy means ofthe notion of "ide Kant i ale to ge anew transcen- Sena stats tothe “absence! that characterises the disappearance of he tuetaphyiea oul prope oexinalpryeology? We have seen that while the body, wanscendentalytansfigaredin ts poe form, finds is legiimate ‘ace inthe theory of the Transcendental Aesthetic he soul as mesphpi- fal nity is completly lintnated fom Kant crises inquiry, Feing hs traditional opposition berween che physical materiality of che body 23 DISEMBODEED IDEAS 73 the mph of te, Ka inven etree ant agmncySae o e 2 obvi and val ean pane che shoe Sea be einined Ducat pyc! Kalan fee fier il). ean Gnd teal anadbe eieen ee ‘ind endon wich incre ie be eee ae ‘betel, make empleo ae Ofte sy oj pone, Trendy ete pee oe Ceniion ef pce fh eter ees an tk Sie uneng cies escent ane tie ec, The msg etece se Sao ee Cseerbematlndand cab cmiy en ac Seeing grat ost qcane fetane eon pei ls co eure ipaon a eae eee tino ofl sensi According, Rant devlopanaiednd ot ‘rope tering coum be cane ohh ‘eal popy The pe ofthe ee ee ae epeiento"ine ene hh ube oe ore cavern Ret of ein, eo, ant pn oe may "ica of “intellectual” representation of the thinking subject (the I ot "I Rak), whowe exten, however, cannot be expeseacel” he “es tester he oil case ofteusrs a tal ny te shri pobien of fang te te earn ei ee thloopy, Te dicunon of theses sooo ie ei Kan pasa hiopiy For whet date 2 Kt, fe exnpl a hogy vetoed fal eae Sk {Sb pct loopy shows dew gan ein eae ef teram a cnc “emboli” Aceene he ee fe ek ofthe Taseendenl Dales af be Citgo Per Renee wl Kat onply eprom econ eee rego th pea tr fen esheets Ie jated ecient in sl enbotinerior eee re Seerined by he cnt of cats" sean uly efx new entcndn aaing cenbodoe ee She Append tse 'anerndenal Daas ears ee sot, “egle” nn rene nce fee te owes we whan waked Cra ee eh | sr vale be sanicendently sanctioned by an independent pod _nciple—ic, w be no longer the topic ofa mere appendix but eof‘ew erica inoiry At this ater point in Kan xineraty, reson eas trill nd 2 new "body within our rectve experience of eurseles and tr living narue. The connection berweea the notion of ides and that of “Swati their common refrence r the notion of “rst”, explored by the fe Crgu, wl pave elf coda for this farther development of. ant’ crcl phsosopy: Te addition tothe necetaryseferenceto the soul as counterpart ofthe body. the discussion of Kant’ notion of des allows us to discover aotiet operant element in the general ve of embodiment. Thi the ides of the "words taken a the “pace” that articulates the reality ofthe badly od out cogation of teal. The body int athe same die, atthe inser ‘Dimension of soul self or inner experience, and tothe outer wou. 1 Inae shown how, according #9 Kant, we coms to define expevence snd perceive the word as being “outie” oureies. Now 1 ak che different (Gowtion what does philosophy indiete by de term "world"? On the ass ‘Stee diference between “idea” and “idea!” provided by the chapter on the Meal of Poze Reason ofthe Gest Critique, Esuggestchat nthe Disesatio. ‘he notion of eis rasa to Kane because fits fandamental relation © ‘he notion of wot” and), Thi hols gue nt only on the basi ofthe ‘Snction between te esl ad ineligible wor, but lo becsusethe totion of mins is though of in terms of aly—as tn ad aniveis "aces ently date the wold alee prevented by Kant asthe “cosmobgt (a ideo" ofthe world. Since ess dinlay the steuctare ofa tal, heir ‘coniprebension reptesent an eteraal “eros” fn) forthe pilosopher— {need oshoroughly spines gua observes Kant. Thereby. the Diseatio Seeady announces the erties! notion ofthe “atiaony” of pure reson! Tn this chapter, I examine Katt’ notions of “ies” and “idea!” the ise uing Kan’ eference to Plt o examine the diferent measings su oes hat his crucial ees pees lor now on in anscendental zhi Tovopny. relate the cscuton af Kant’ conception of dea in 1770010 {iene ues ase in the general spument ofthe Diseriotin? Tse. Se, cha even if Kans doesnot provide a expliiyformmlaed theory of Sess by 170, the term plays an een zal forhim Insestng up the major theses ofthis work. Accordingly, Kant? rif remazk on Plt’ eas $9 je noc thnginal addition fo the gener argument tha separates sensi fey snd understanding ether, epeesens 3 fondamenta development it Kanes conception of metpbyscs bythe sime ofthe Divert. Tes and ‘ei play» crucial role in the ditnctonehat Kant draws between ii Teno ow neler, Such 4 iiacton, in rn, elated both DISEMBODIED IDEAS 73 sete epantion bets Phommenorand Newton nd betes sd mands inelig Second sow awh eee, "»Putsnto ofideienoral to Retin renin he here pees sons for it own ete plnopty, Viewed in high ofame: oh eenpory Reece son fe Dist pe ton bee opm el emp sg) of ac ss asemptto proce am inkl "ned or ha pisphio clas Kans pastion in 1770 close to chat ofthe Crigu of Br Reston both in 21h and 7! The reece Bs sls Kann 9 one beh ecg ston Chin Wal te enpon Salsoryt mon pvp I concen caper ia tet Oe, usin ofthe Paraiso oe Reno inthe i Cn woe ae ‘yess lgrding pli agin pong Sader Sons, Pato sicim, and Lene andWol mepalsonaae OF sae thet fen ans i, hints ae 278 Chg ples the agement in eft ef meal ean, Een ough he Diao exalted the srl dseioded nase inte Transcendental Diser Kaeriniae at em oxo eae ftv, Whats ds baie ety oie sneer ce Sor realty of ctone noc the denoted sac beng oie to Kan tcon opens ep diften pepe erty ins ody sled aaside the conion ac and ie, atl bya ek and acts in the practical reslm of freedom. “ Sensble and Inteligible World, Phenomena and Noumnena, Sensible Knowledge and Intellectual Knowledge = Ose could exily be empred co locate the fe apparet and mest bvious __ lect to Plato already inthe tile of Kant Dizerato tnt De man cobs agu eligi forma et prin, a tide secre point fossil poston betwee vo ores of eat ht cet tonic derivation. vever, this same epaiion beeen intelligible ‘etityand the realm of ensble experience can be foued ina teadton wel nows to Kantand clover him” Alerander Goth Baumgarten, or ex- ~ spl, in his Map §869 writer “insofr asthe wold eset ropes ‘ete tche ene worl |.) nara ts Known ins dint oy, ‘ts the iigle wos The wold isewotlé accndig tothe pe of34 THEBODYIN THEORY lnowledgeorepeeenaton that we have ofits whatanakes the deren is ‘whether the worlds objet of sense representation oof ces and disinet ogution. Lethe Disertat,refringeo this way of presenting the guesion, ‘ane ericies the tactonalatgumen or what called “semble inthe Scoble cognition ofthe worl, nd for wit is called “intellect” a is feellectalcognisin, Kant’ notion of ideas placed precisely in thespace that divides hese two types of knowledge dea isnot their median bat rather the sign that ll mediation is impossible ‘Spir-Scr (1768), Kan ae he Latin phate mani nls to desesibe dhe “immaterial worl consisted bythe wary (fall unite, Le, spiial substances and dei mune relaons. To this “ror belong othe conszative principle of exganic nature and organic Ti Kanes probee—both sn 1766 and in 1770—concern he foundation ofthis material or intligible word a2 tly that subi f= tlt tod whowe parts ae in recinoca connection with each other and abst ogeher even without the wediston of mateil things" Tachi case what Ir eclevane in Kans ne of the expression mun inl the ods ity aecoding to which the tal ofthe worlds constued 3 realm of Immaterial subances. Tat che ise saised bythe conceps of mah isthe {opiel and metaphyseal pooblem ofthe notion oftoaiy a totum, aba dls of waditiocal metaphyies. Kan’ significant tanformation of the from consi, a it were, nt reformation reconstrcton ice ft human knowledge ad ts possi, “Whereas the ttle of Kant’ Divers cannot be viewed a ening spectcally Phtonic reference, in dicoing the dsnetionbetreen ease dill Rane recuperate an explicily Greek ad Paronic ternal ‘ogyzamely, cat of Phaeromine snd Namen. On the bas of the om 4 ep et ittoicedin Sf2-) Kane fame, retrospectively, the probien of the senile and intelligible won ether words, on Kant aecoue. the Aiinction between mand seis and nd nips ca be ened ‘nly though a tacefléprogreson that (0) stats with the desertion of the Felis ofthe sect, () proceeds with the description ofthe pei ject and (3) nally due he distinction between the ind of cogs proper to the diferent faculties and vo cei elated objets 10) Both senate ad intelignta display, Sor Kant, epresenason dancer Seu ena te cee ofthe aes ough wh ie ‘Bi dati etesentne sat oat in acai manner he Pes afore eet aioe Giga) Goal the fy of DISEMBODIED IDEAS 75 en “oe denote piv ideo he by deo he bjt ftit) toma ie editely presen objects Ge, jaca ofthe tn caorarie meas se fa ha by he ae ove le ‘sents those objects whose givenness to the senses is utterly Sle and thereby replaces their sensible anc Dreaas thy ee ho neal hel ee ule (The enon ovo dite peo bee flo pet ofc allows immediatly om the regoing sna “Th hj of sy ee fim vats eu hat whith cnn naing be wh abe non tuough elise lig Sigs Sa hor {Se ht to cies fect known sere vera ‘ be vocal af “Bens sos inoperable Penn tec Namo nal Refi Kat th dete fl imenion fi hoa dg the wy lh steno shot penn svn cnet ie snc been restr an te yahagu Henle Gono as Ge Fyne een ep bets pone ution” Stata. inthe igh ote en oe Rent dnican beeen Phapnene apd Newnes eee, |, teu snoducion o Ran ery ofwemenrceel Gee (9 Sine fom the very tet Parone and Nomen not dese | SrKanta rity independent ote comaion fe aberrant epson ich he reson why fr him, inogremen thie Cera _ tel apine boli meapsc, enbl nd lie wos cn fe eno onl on the bas oft diction “eu he oie _Eebpeuleinhonmn tnt qprotinae verges _ fee feen Ins rmice ran paroka so = eben aol mrss ele iy __ scout seis friar tothe em afte ‘imate onl sal ot)" Bec th re | tsi, Kat cn cinta “epeation tng 2 So ra tnt dg ote gh er slau ae repro a things they ne" They bon Pecmens an Nemne gin a sensnly epee oe ess Hower, making we of tbat dinon browesh eso ‘em—sny a ply athe very besaning of he Dinesh Hers fai teow pes fcogson si pecng he sane of26 THE GODIN THEORY sepecentaional character, What i represented, in both css, isnot she ‘Specter suc (be way in hich it io the way in which appear, Bt te ‘ehton between te objec and the mind a te bas f the activity oF a ‘pty troepey) of ee mind Hse. Thus, Kant contends hat in senile owledge te "fon ofthe epeetenation[...]iomt propery an oun vee adn at heme) ofthe objet but only a eta aw inborn i the mind” With his suggestion, he sets up the epitemological poston the Diseratiagnna all "denis" in che theory of knowledge. ‘Mowcave, if phenomena ae not adunbrtnes of things they ar, Be aye oon spe, non Ios” Ts ocr ovrds, Kant places them between fave exrrnes—namiy, between the postion that views ebem a rept mation of th external contour of the objet (hema or aia nt ‘he potion chat makes ofthe the expeesson ofthe intel and absokte (coerce afthings (i), And et, in elation 1 this second point and agin ‘ob ideale and skeptics, Kant contends that phenomena do provide cop verinine™—a perfect gemsine and true knowedge—as they ell ‘rr witns to the presence ofthe objec. Thereby, Kans up bis concert tfshenomena both again the empinist theory of presentation ack Lockey aoton of dea and Hume’ Skepta] radicalization), and agaist ‘Plata idea a mode and ensrpla of things. Theater s meaning tat Jeneedeco ive for employmettin the rain of noumens, Oa Kans view, both postions eventually dey the tre aidty—or the objective rity ofthe phenomena "Bar how cen phenomena fll aerve cognitive function they a ther inmedioe representations of things no ther ocginal ea 0 molt Boros af the Joma aspect of senate cognition, phenomena are sido ‘be wn spe es precely in resion to this element of spi ofr that Kent declares a priori Knowledge posible: "Tn ores tat the vasoes tepresenttions of cect which affect te senses coslesce int meh of ‘Mpeunaton, there i cequced an internal principle ofthe mid though ‘Tick these vr epreetatons ay ake ona cersain configuration (pt Tom) according co stable and innate avs The form ofthe sensible wos, ‘pe tone na Et nies the “whole” of manifold of epresencatins of {ngs consideced as phenomen, i provided by the swo subjective cond tong ofipace and ine. Kant dedicate §s of the Diseiao othe exposition ‘riheresbjedve condition of oman knowledge of phenomena. "This concept of phenomenon allows Kant © develop a ercial 83+ ment agunst Labi andthe metaphysical tadion, Sensible and intel Rat copaiio represent owo radically difereneypes knowledge and: _costinoos progres of perception tat rage fom vagueness ditine- fs tna se ite of pe “snr good exlaaton of theses te presen it chat which mr ancy Keown romps pun) nd of he dead a of hc ued ats (Cait icin) "™ Geomey repens, fr Kan 2 pers example of very dine and ye ersble Knowledge, whe meapiycs proves 4 cae of exerey conned and yet purely eon Kaowiedg, Ths apo. teat becomes che oucatone forthe further development fants el hiloropty. Embocied Concepts and Disembodied Ideas: ‘The Domain of Metaphysics and Plato's Notion of dea at pcs nll cgnon in oppoon to seul cog. In ‘relation to aognito inteecalis, he distinguishes a twosld use a the ine flee wea se” fe a “lpi wt” a gn) ese Breen geo poten he cop ote ejes and et son fmt ot ai loo re ew code rors on alent gin neg ony by performing om tens Seoul psi non sot, son cxnpaton ofineon denon othe pees th concep, hough ne oon maybe ded oe opiate of i ite doe ae cen fo bee cle ate en crm povided yarn” Ths cont phenomena sc atime ele hee es they athe ore coils cottons farmed y se tol nlit on he a of expen, The lope oe es Shred by al selene By conan, ele i cotned to epg nb According to Kan, ne sheet ows ay xl nthe con ‘aon or engeioa of pesomens, mewpycr canst beset Seermicds lesa knowledge oul be ie gai ‘eee cognition dt eon Ge or wont) pre in ism, Akoaph he disicton were pease and wearer reed in need nce Kane gin» detciaton of he ‘renee ay ne os reveling hs icecy i Kans anges oes ‘Weis posing a pion ta ogi the taco be Ives phenome a oumen, sd yet ined sul ss Ingi melygea” eeye THERODYIN THEORY Ie later Reet, Kane supplements the foregoing argument with a= ioral cai eyelet, encounter the Stincon betwee ec 8 (inp hnowedg the er was led see Rood an eve 2 ‘Trento beoeen nei nd ose hing ws Gwe. ot Tnowiedge won sere be tcl.» ht iar i, ona Seve ay iran speci eed rez Bis de Vera) ‘ro ocery che ned to ge tends empaths com (hwnd snd terfore cana be ngs wich egies on ck ‘remo, compat conden ™ In che theory ofthe Disa, the dsineion between rel and logic we ofthe inelec is crucial to underand, ont ene hand, haw de intele Chis and knows in setaphsiy and, om the ote han, wa peo = ‘rence rporites the sesble andthe inteligble, phenomena and noumen, Teis precy tn taking this farce step tha the reference to Pat's ies econ important fr Kat, ‘Going bac to the eal eof che inlet, we now need to ak: what doce it mean for consept to be go by the very mature ofthe ill? east ites fall the concepts thar the itllece ses in ts rea Fetos, wanes les dant pr pana inc” These concees ate pul) fezllecta!—ate Ive pauebscoae tei ongnis inthe pure nate oft Snellce They ae either abaacted from the activity oF the senses 8 thus are “ides” nor do they ental any for of sense knowledge (ad ths they are pure”, For ds eason, observes Kant they should be calla “sbnsacting” (then athe han “abact” (sec) concepts. “An i= tellecual concep isnt ase forthe estv, bu tom al has [enstve? The syntactical srcture of thie, well athe demons tie intention tht undese t, praise she Eames opening tatement oft Iniroducton tothe 1787 edicon ofthe Coq of Pure Restn “Tough il cour knowledge bign with expences doesnot low chat ll esa ‘fexpeience™ Despite the ference in these oats, in bth eases Kati Jn search ofthe apo conditions of knowledge and experience. he concepts in sion cannot be sid in ny way to have erp origin, shey ave nevertheless not simply Sue ations, concepts tht be “connate™ Comps coma eo the intellect onthe roe ground of | specific nature Kant contends that nce they ae produced by an actviy | tthe iellece and arise fom i lawson the occasion given by exp= nce, they shouldbe called "sequred” concepts (onepa eps)” AS DiseMBoDieD 1DEas 78 ss en nanos engin Scie cease aves ame ct ora es setinteennctremmaat omens ce Lona tevee Segoe ieee a oer Sameer en mati tepeteneiestn errs eae emote cap iment ah sedi pylon eta ee cece ie Sec rere neat oes __thescience that makesadamati we fhe principles ofthe pare ineice According to this we, ck principles are mes @insute ce postive=s and even consitative—"exemplar” and "ommon measure” for the intel Iighliny and even fr the vealinyof ching These princigies ae iden Kantse up this complex éefinicion of metaphysis and its ais gaint | to plalovphicltsditons. On the ane hand, he stacks Wolf's specuta THe poDY IN THEORY tive metaphysics thas heldreponsble for great detsiment to the develap~ ser of lia demoring "the noble enteric ofthe it ‘ese derminaton ofthe ra "utr fpbeneens nd noun (On Wolf view the dtiacson betwen phenomena and rounsm>—s Sinincon int vie bythe nce Pao) and now taken op ‘ih fl sol comcoonen by Kant ol len. On she thes hand, Kan sie pr Sahar empscin hr being unable to recognize the a prior character of mor concepts nd for confining moral ides with mora setinerss. Thecehy such ehis mikes imposible wha fae Kanes already the idea ofa metaphyiceof moral tot ee fasts tes pipe fn cee ee ected ints re pony SIE ve attach eg pcos rw pi coer Soog wih cen rs eet atcmartewa lo enemas oo “This swotld polemic coresponds to Kant need to develop # new meta st bot shoal an pal oe ™ ‘Aiming against Wolff on the one hand and Shaftesbury on he other, ache rnin bean lon dn feat Pac naion ois, We hive deny sen bow i dng ‘Sipe ofte ment pe cosep Kate theta" {demon en ofall dng wie iy ary ach th cop of pf sve ck Ese crf daftren neon on mega Th cap ate of ely fins hn ten 8 ta se nil coring to wih we ed ely srs an inte paler plop cording wih ‘we consider what ought to belong to things “through freedom" sae Serta egettigrtaen ea DISEMBODIED IDEAS a1 ‘his oine shat Kane inserts his ceférence to Pato and t hi eas Mi in precinct mc tempat ee, Pitan de (emacs pis ie repo. Ina contemperny Refeton, Kant observes “Plato eighty rovides the origin ofthe conceps of pertction (Vallowmenki Bet noe that ofthe nto ‘The idea functions, for Kant, a + principle forall objects that ae snrsined inthe general concept ofa cetain perkecton “iyoirs lewee degrees ze spposed nro be detestable save by lining te mevioame = ‘Ashe wil ler show in he Cite of Pa Reason inthe “del” of pre ‘ston, che notion ofides lends co 2 oat whose pass do noe precede the ‘whole but can onlybe generated dough istanent “limitation” Untndy, nutnhun) ofthe whole Accordingly, the del isthe idea uot only font sin invita a expresses the nature ofthe whole as completly | dkerminedindividaiy. This seucearecealy suggests the fe Keane the Jogi ofthe notions ofidea and idea the ogi fatto The en pres fs the same rational structure thar characterises pace as pare foes ot | ion —the logic that Kane discuss inthe four argument of space in | the Tranrendental Aesthetic ® ‘Hea dplay the logical and epistemological structre of ineiton snd | Yasince a intuition in space nd tine avalable for them» —ienodicet, ‘elrece to oar body is pssibe—iess remain necesaly embodied, Kanvs revolutionary projet of redically breaking with he wadvona, traci continuity between cenceps std ivatons, arnely, be stack ‘onthe claim that concepts and intuitions ace separated enly by degees oF clay ad tinct, cliinates in 3 gestice tht esate a toto ‘ind ofintion. On the one hand, he recognize he independents of | smiuicon chai slays anc necessiy embodied, ic, seul inaision | Ssvace and time; on the other hand, however, be pots to a0 of [Hope ietison tha seems to be structurally diembodied, ne, the tea ed the ideal, No human intuition, warns Kane, i able to ganp the inci isl and concrete whole of he da becste no reterence to dhe eniity _ son's body is posible in this cae Since the aman inelect works oaly "Blough universal concepts in alte and never teough individ ens io tro cis eapabe only of tcursivecogniion ors Kena. aking on 4 Lebisianthought—only of symbolic knowiedge'™* Huma intuition ‘oul seule nition since ics always an necessarily informed by space nde, To cis exon, can never become inelecten In the ltroduction to the Cre of Pare Reson, Kat bows the ine _ siency of Pato ilseryfinasy ofa dtenbodied mind tht abl ooTHE RODY iN THEORY pst cone witty ny by wing wah ie oa tains that che boundaries of our ex- posing Pat goin, Kat mal tare potent iy a ba een ot ye Script the wel ond ih eT ihr denn tein rf ih ign engin ht bet igh woul be el eases nen ee” Deed these ty, Bato io th undeending th wd oh sce ting no a 7 ‘eNtouortoetic wenn Be dae hee tat ith [aio be mde no abvnee—mectig oo reinane tat mig Seyoropor ch ecole saan hb lee pm ‘andes underage. Teton wine coment eligi ove Powe nna ois a nba cab eet cre tees! een been ‘Stroman ony ie wre toute aero tym oj They he sadn a nen ou eon tad dient owl Takin Pn ia bo nine ces punisonr rumen a ot tty neg = nl his he te rege eee te denge sn n boncioteee Sy Teac een tay veh me son feted: Pas hessomething in common with Swedenborg and the visions that Kants- | see Dre Sr geet oma SES. Ran aon be pn vy ng ce bodied io which nec pie wa bine ‘Eee ot nanan ton nc, ab reno ‘Rnkng" Watouadresing th of ocean oo jul we esis pein Kat vow ° x he Duet vies nal re en (ni pr etic om oh ‘Stan eo ng ti ene PB Son tie ath Pia ie" an it Ins coneprry Recon we cen pees fen a Elden rand nt an Po ied Hees tom them, wed no epsen cj only the ave by means of ico DISEMBODIED IDEAS #3 empare the concepts given to us by thereat" In thi Releton, Kant fers an explanation for the lack of sepuaton between wdertanding or inlet end reison in the Disata. Given Pacsidenfiction of deo ‘pore invellectusl ination, since Kant aceps the caim that ene ue ‘en to us and nonetheless denies the possiblity tac they funtion fe the ‘ame say as intllecaal intuicon, is concason i that ides can be weed ‘only in he reece and discursive way of the understanding This is why, ‘his tme, Kant els no need for assuming tht reason is pec cay fideas opposed ro undertanding 1s the Critqu of Pare Reto, Kane's dicoon ofthe notions of ides | snd eal repeataly goes bck to Pato. In one crucial page eeiting | slmeet erly the formulations ofp and $35 ofthe Diserat, Kenton "Wu fr ws ian Ueal, was in Pats view ane of ie ie undead ‘ng a indvidl object ofits pore inti, dhe most pefatoferey nd of pose being’™” Kant’ Pato is here clealy not the historia! Pat bat ‘athe the image of Pato developed bythe liter Roman author. Accord = jogo this tation, Plato idest ae the divine intellect Suef akes in | Bill restive power. The cra! Kane potions his own doctrine of eas rsecyaguins this conception by cling that uma reson cosine acon idea, bu ab ideal, whic, ao te de ot a, th lane os, native our, yet have pactcal power” The Diners reaches aa snulogouscolusion a i hfs sention so the sle payed by dea ‘even ofthe practi Is reion co che second par of metaphysis, Kant present he noi __ of rfaio morals asthe practical side ofthe pesto woumenon, Thies the foxmain of moral ies, n which meteplyic kes he frm of "pe mord _ alway The importance of des for Kant projet ots “maps af mors” by 1770" lesin the fact ha ideae—ae Pato teacher can never _ sven inexperience, To this excent, che Cite of Pa Reson spy fees the suggestion ofthe Diseatis “Plato fn the chef ntancer of Se ideasin the field ofthe practical" The ides ofthe “Plante epic” ‘asbecome the mos sgnifcan example of his typeofprteton Leas ‘rong cxchsively to the noumenon, aud for Kant—evea if not forthe Bator! Pato—they cannot be mi to propeny ex, Or tle, they {anoot be sid eo exit im the same sense in which Goe—as des fon oe _ sin—can be ss to exist. “God, however, while as deal of perfection “he placipe of knowledge (ringptum cagnonen, iat the ate time “rae, he principle ofthe coming into exsence (prepa fd of Al pnecion whatsoever” This remask farther explains what Rant eonssesing “we led she masa of ptt tht Piao cal TEE tin dom, Kane specie ends Cero undetaniing SFE ese ish cnn oh for orl pectin an fr OF Suef mot peractn, We con sproxinate sil inow aon Sociales aettein iy Stig ste to aumgaren ie pide pace sere ions etn ie he Die eid TRATINE ctnselneions hough which Kae eas to Pat ein Shovel ef the praca. A Rie spy put if Po seen gh Cars sectaces with Rowen yen Kan os “rheconep he les thei}. Wega isan Tdi cone and terse + er posible Epis oer ‘reeling resin ag i or cig teen ‘eee prone wit ya a nf wth cape (erp Oat fo gu any joie acrding 0 cme hangouts Kets preston ror concep pre psi cee eet ura we ween th Dserate Rt ti ‘She toamate seed dace fh on fe ues pio copuion sine roagh whic te aj be ce be Tenure cece prea 7 ‘ned usher nen ee Sell bie ipoeineac dn ncn Tove Ney timage Bd (02 -}Alsoley prode o e o0 is ARSE taper nie die mete, eae ins fina ad ete genom (Ue Besides Plato, Rouse isthe oly modern authoe through which Kant hope in the doctrine of es, "o improve the ancien" ‘The Soul as Disembodied “Idea’: Against Rational Pychology and Toward an Idealzed Body ue rad by eessonb own In the Chur of Poe Reo, te speci ep or ea i coacerned wt the sype of ealiy” shat can beets hed to ther. From the beginning ofthe Trenscerdentl Discs at J ht eventhvgh Wea ace psed beyond all posible exert “The visionary dreams: they do have reaiy thats uot pul ictus Swedeaborg have been left behind once and forall. As we koow from iran is reference to Pats in he eal of he pre eae seu day postive ei Snc dns have no tonto th ncenny xeon four puceandtine tc tetany teh des canot be hn hough anderen nd ses Hrs, we can fom ols "problematic onept™ oe Thon ok “tienen ddutia® ates poo Resa leptons oot ‘dein copnon ese aieation Howes dete coors ficuedby te dsebotiedaare oleae muon a tooo “et the oe povided fr he one othe undead ceded fiom the outset.” . sg i nina agunenn th Tandelee hat et of tenon ever allow fo any “consents sagen "onsite elon eth tg ejects of experienc, When conser i tha sen op ey ger he dee lion in which on ane ‘gged—samay the ila of gent or comeing) + ner ce etteowabe tet. Kant cone, bower tha sexo edo ne 13 "helpenably ncemry regulative enployment™ atten vee Slesaning Although ew to ended in experince they rene » est te undetaing trad is immanen gel thn xpos ‘The epulaive function of desis ee sign chat reson’ eonecpts aed i cin ony gata difere kind of eaubodiment than tat proper to ‘descanding’ schematized concept snd diferent alo from the cons [bat of pecaltive metaphysics, Ideas become frm of order snd putpores {8 pstmatc organization of knowledge. Simian, in pesensing che epultiveftion odes Kan ker op agin the image that he ance ied, inthe Drens fa Spnt Seen re _ tescbe the visionary frases of che ghos-sect. The ghosetot, in lo ‘ng contact with his own body and hene te possibilty of diningushing Jovecnal and external, invent fntses andrea objects, and projects the Sgoenn of his brain outside of himsel,hypostatzing them a8 aleged “ll objects. Once the presence ofthe ghowe ser body is nrpended a ‘ind’ repretentation become disembodied gments er wel. Kam suger i phos-seeing i based upon a spatial diplacement of repeeentatons ithe tae an “oucer place among the cbjecs which present themeshes fe eantion™ This sory projection fiom the inside to the wate “ephincd in analogy with the optic notion ofthe fons imapirarar®™ The “otoa designates the point of canvergince and divergence of the at of ‘htc cmanae fom apoin as they meet the eye, The ine is whether tof emanation i real object, in which ext the ou eeabihesjan Se oS {Site annus nema eee pce) “atv ny ec Di ae pene sn eon hg oe Sigh netioa nama mpenoliene Se ea tana Se oe eneres Seige egal ora re oat a taeabienoears ca cs nino Sp era ebome ‘era pitino nt ones iia wpe Ma ter ooeyeae rages SSeS pont ec aad gene Steet SU emcee occa ee ee eee iat nine [fhe ghost-eer and more gener of Scwirmers ofl kinds) the core-_ J ively pons ven ee saben Sy Teconcpenerap, wy i of tepnhe e Tinea cnte bracn ten and Seeman srs in he St Crier Kant concn tha we recogine the eat Toe pce" or ni eyo wes Senin iy tin ng oh Sos gata ote nde vse an eo rant pe. The objec ef sds eng {Fetes epee rt te ena eter of he seta rpaniation. Under he condition of embodiment ie neg rods of serve as regulative princph Doxa oferta nape fle orpinaton of unetandingscopion, Wes do not pene knowledge of objec hey ate the srocrres tha organize our know | ot hat othe | Se trproperknowledge rather dan mith is loge nth” DISEMBODIED IDEAS 47 fobjects aiming aan ideal, complete, and interconnected “ystens” of ‘speience. The crcialpoin of Kant sopgesion it precely the cond {on of maintaining our own body athe efeence (or eentation) pein af ‘ur cogaiive enterprise, Kant warns that we have to wie reson ens a ‘Be consent awareness that ou aim sryng to see wih het nscrumeneal blpas ifn a micror—aotabjecss that “lie before our ey" bu aber the lie at» distance bolnd our bak" The fundamental dsinction be, vee objec tat we dese nd bjs tar we cannot each llebehind oortucks or beyond the imi f experienc) ncawn insole, tthe wotenbed of our boy oriented conriation, theeby determing Kun diinction berween constitutive and regulative we of ear, Inte fir Crisp, however, the discusion of che ptemate regulative tanceon fides isrelegatdto an appendix. We wl have o wat forthe Clie g? Jidgmet for ct fnetion w gain an independent eansetadeasd sees ‘he hid Critau, he eatin beeween the embodied abject ands onaba febodines of ideas in a realty other than the practie!—and factions) {@ ourscieatificinverigation ofnture—willbereviited “Acthees idea” 8 the ont hand, and living organisms (our ov and tht of eter beige ui of) on the other will provide Kan final answer nthe poblen feat embodiments problem that ly sustaces tthe en of ee Team, seendenl Dialer At she beginning ofthe Transcendental Dialectic Rant refuses to rex | fle the problem of the objective validity of rstons concept and pores dure flowing Pat's shortest ofa "mysial deduction, te, by Erp testing ideas ino metsphysical ecies, The deduction of iar cde co __ tke amore complex couse, Ideas are co have realty they mae sono body! dteent fom the sensible one tha provides ws with outer exper, fees and orientation in pce. The Tracendetal Dialectic ete he age fb te emergence ofa different farm of embodiment that wil uke wee tbe cealm of Kant’ practical philosophy. The wantcendenal dedecion _fthe detanding categories fllowed a juridical mode scoring _ beh an spoined “judge” had to decid onthe right and the legninny F fcr posession and use on chi ground declaring the victor afore | By lepicsn or pure undersanding) over the other At sree, the eduction ecablihed the condition for the “ruth” of bnowledge sen | obecive validity" The dedetion of ea sonsideas imposes change of that complies withthe image ofs“egation” of reion rather hon ge" and with the “certainty” and “interes” a ceavon“The step of Kau argument caer place inthe Paralogs chap ‘ofthe Transcendental Daletc, nd elites ha ideas are unique "pos teston™ of season, for no synthetic jdgment ofthe wndenssnding can rer be sccefl in her realm. Kane's swarenoe of the importance 2f ‘his ep is well expteied in it suggestion that a og, seeualy the only stumbling Mock (Stn det Ante) apsine or xigae woald be the pos lity of demonstiing «pros eae ll hiking beings ae ia chemseles simple substance." If che proportions of ronal psychalogy could be ‘abled by the undersanding tyne x pier’ propositions, thea his Thculy would have no lit, and consequently reston would have niet specific we nora proper ean ots oo. this cte, the word of te ‘enser Would dhuale in i embodied, sosibe specifiy; both ides is Tetons anigue poweion) and the expire givennes of oar body woul indeed be nothing bu tious ene; and practical pbilorophy (ae ‘ea of Feedom) would lose ts ground “The second ep of Kas deduction fs wndertaken inthe Ansnomis and das the coenologic! ex ofthe “word” ots center The ehied 2 ‘nom in particular shows thatthe "pare transcendent ide of reedomt™ ‘can ave a pal ty sace tit csi does noe conzadze the necesity ‘hat reign inthe wold of natore and appearance (He highest 2008 is p= sil, This recely the ine objec of Kanes dedueion ideas. At his level, however Kant has no yer proved that season can be practical (tat reton cone aprsticl we ofthe dea of eedom) This conlosion wll revle rmm Kan' argument in the Tea of Pure Reason, In formalatng toson of "oral theology” Kaat shows that reason canbe practical orn make a practical ute ofits ess) within the ephere of regen.” The ides af Gods sherefore presented a a "poste" which ienecenary essen las we practical the highese good is nz, the far Patslogitr, Kane revise longianding poles gaias ‘ational pryeology, At ike i che fantion of che pure "I think asthe ins of inguishing ro kinds of objec “Ta hisking, aa ce object ‘tinue sense adam called “os”. That which i x abject of the ower ee is called “body Signin, i eis ermalaton, che metphys- cian iets the perpecive ofthe ‘objec (oe he fist peso wich te ‘oa, not withthe body. This postion define the am of zaonal pyc ogy, which atemps 29 now the“ think” a ou] independent of any ‘empirical or experiential determination, The "I" is sou noe body. fa the previous chapters, we have seen how Kon, i the pre-rtcal writings nd (he Refuation of Mdealism, reverses chis claim: an experience of mpl as Jans experience, i possible only ehrough over experience, ie, by refer ‘ence to the body at my body. Cama.an embodied being paced in che cuter ‘world of space and time (claim further reinforced by the cind Analogy sf Experencd) To be sue, a showa isthe fourth Paralogim, the very posit of datinguithing “ny own exixence a that of tinking being fom eter ching outside me—amang them my bod” sleeady predicated pon my existence i a body and lows analy frome” ‘While the Refitation of Lesa ame a showing the implications of the empiri proposition "I think”—namely, de dependence of nee sense from outer snse—the Paaloians show te flac af config the epi fal reprevntton ofthe thinking subject wile the mee ei! function Tehike” Ths, nthe Se chapter of she Tanicendenal Dialectic, Kant, irecty address he more radical undertaking of ational psehology, the asmption ofthe possbilzy of knowing the mature ofthe “T think ot only independently of the body but, mare generally independenty of fny ind of determinate experience, To this extent, eonal paycholgy oes not even nted to asame the ferpiniel) certainty of exizence that Descartes atahed oie te sum. Kant sims tae he freality of thelial "I ehink” the "one an only text of rational prychology.” The fevtent ro which inferences can be drawn from that one and aly source {leis he precstiousdvidngline Between rational nd epi psycho logy Since the |i taken a2 disembodied thinking beng ts repeesented ss thing-insiteelf™ We ae backto the doctne cestcized inthe Dreams (fe SpirtSeer Inthe Paclogins, Swedeaborg. Plato, Leibit, and Wolf sllebare the natural desny of reason andthe isin of dsmbodid ideas, aril lay ry 0 aie thee alleged validity and existence amongeal bodies. Ukimately, Kent hows that ational pychology sneestaly com> sited to “idea” (teat "problematic esi"). Inuor aie cess to prove the “existence” of the stl independently of ail external dng, Simply drawing inferences fon tha inital propoition, i eliminate ll -eceniy to tle othe external world ar ounce of nner determination” ‘Tha olipses ofthe soul thereby pctv jared at tects the excl eye toward che fed enterprise of erator ing analy inferences into apnthetic proportions. Wich that sole text ie souee ational pryhology coneretits lsm: che souls iexmateri, incourupil, has peconalicy, nd iin conmacu wich bodies in space. To bese, aot even tational pryhology ean ignore the relation othe body. Sch elation, however, it overtaened abs azlytialy derived fom he concep ofthe soa, The soul 2 ans, viewed as "viniple fle in matoy THE SODYIN THEORY ec" ad ground ofanimalsy” (Avimal. Animality spisioazedeos the notion ofthe souls immorality” TKanve dca of te Paalgins of ronal pychology shows that hiemeaphysiclcsipine illegal converssmerely analytic propos {Gone egadingen empey “thinking beingin general” ite synthetic Pspo- ‘Saows regarding te existence ofthe sl. Te root ofthe ile es ie heft hat he syshetc te cam be undertaken aly by races often ble atuion, i, through the expecine f myself which aways implies ‘he pence of my body (outer expvined). The idea of che sou of th ontary, by is wey definition, isthe idea of 3 dvembodied subject nd coef notion cot regu every hing being in general) Tha the lane of tional pychology artes fom the confusion ofan ide of teason (he ides of pure inteligencs) wit che completly wndeverneé Concept of thinking being in genera” The possi of making aban tion om my empirically determined exivence eannot be confused with thesllogedconsiousoes of posible existence of my hiking slfrepete (Bom any boty The mer “loi faneton” "think" shou aa be con used with che enpra! proposition "think or Tex thinking ‘This conclaionbnings Kant ap fancher with sepa 9 is previo ciique of ational pjehology. For now e grants 0 the notion of pe Ueligeace the status ofan "iden of reson” Inthe light ofthe Paao- ton the ise ofthe realty of eas simmsdately linked tothe is [teewson' we f them. Hal consti sei banned by ehe expos ‘She eanacendentalilission in the cognitive seam, Kant sil allows fa regulative and problematic we of esos ideas and, more impos Er spread we." The posi of practieal employment of as ‘Bsdoser he posbiity (or, 38 lst, the non-coniradictory characte of ‘Seis peutic “existence” Thereby, the potentials of the "ies" of “pure inelgence”-—or an alleged news realty of the subject a 76 ‘Ronsancey is reserved fr Surber developments in the practic het Cnty ines phere ca che ire ofthe souls immowtaliry—with rgd 8 ‘hich both “material” and ypeiolism” le in thei proof agai be cakes up, this me succes, ‘Sienifcanyatthe en fhe Paralogs, Kanclinks tbe ide fe pa. snaligenc to she idea of “intligsle worl” He suggests that be = ‘onal ea of the subject may Become “eteminabe” wid egard an ed unipecifed “inner fc” 38 being related o “sm intel wos [tick can only beshoughd.”Azwas the casein the Divert, wher Kast Invrodaced ideas inorder ta complieate the pposion berween sexsi: ‘som and unterndng concep inthe Palins he ow hat ‘os a prin of al ooo wow eh | iinguthed fom she logie of wadestanding td yates. In other words, che awed ue ofthe concep ofthe soul Baye by sional pryhology i confine o only oe pose nyt tf eatn's ideas an does no ul fron en Je out hats legiimate ate may indeed be Soul ibe gamed ts we may in doe ear coe bat ocr aw ofthe pre employe of raceme oe ot ery fog rl, it whch while hls pola nn ‘reg vung cre gg oppo weet a doing extn, hr woul ey asp tgh whi oar eal weal be indepen oft conn ofempiinatan | Wet ee rsechingcousgec Kaa _ eck nb pein thee sen ro mse Seether nop ee iy oremation pt keene, whenoy os gene ‘gta mre oor ccm “i th ror We" ooh sw nse pony sce canes ene rey Ran pg ct dina drt’ bt nt of “Sue” tte inert sme i ni bh mn nl pe _ metus dese flo crgt pean po se Borin pte pee aps in an {ee sn paral he een, Pec saves ties bye enon thot conn yr tedinn ey ig experience of this present if ts somehow costed eng with pes eng at “ee” by pel non A een oe hing he uns oy has oy ater -eritence or the existence of the subject—an exiscence t _ ey emi nd yu ent dacaobed see ay spall The byt Katt mggeicn inte Belg eng the fe Citguy, a this pint of Ee for Ci ch on oft dope lows treo‘Tobe sure, the insiense on the Daren and Exe ofthe abject is ben Kanes ercial concer i the ene development of the Parslogsns ‘Kant has shown cat, with segad to our epee acces to ourselves (0 00r teupiial exieace os thinking Geingy) embodiment cannot be eared Embodiment, which comprehends the fenction of nein, senston and perception eather the very fst condition of our extn inthe worl of face inner expeience (mi) is necear 0 or erapiriel deermiaon “objec, and saner experience resin un, on outer expecience (pct, ‘ately, om the discriminating funtion of our body that allows ws 10 ds- ‘aguish ourelves ftom eer objects and fom the exeral world. However, ‘Snes the "I thiak™besds its empivical sein selcogaiion—is abo + ‘ety logical function thas indietes the place ofthe subject in judas, the sion ass of she posiily of = Gctsigsse-cognition that would Aetermine our exitence independently ofthe inescapable tanscendetal ‘onions ofembodineeat, i pace and ine, Tiss the origin ofthe fe tion of disembodied necesaryexience (and ence immortality) cimed by sana! poychology for ll shining beings. However since inte doe tuine ofthe Sm Ctigue Kane grants to the notion ofa "pe inelligence™ the sacs ofan “ie” ofeaon (sneer ametly empirical represatar (Son nor pare etegory ofthe undenesnding), the posit of hiking Sta ne of existence (or of form of “abjecive reality” fr reson ie that snot determine by the sensible condition of pace atime bat by the selElegelation prope t rearon ise, must be allowed Ge, it nt 1 uelfcontaditoryssumption, Sine che Refuration of Kdealsm slong. ‘with che Paalogisms have shown that exitence i necesarily embodied ‘tence, the slotion ofthe dileee sion pens up the posit oft {bem of tribodiment dependent upon reaton and not upos sensibii. ‘hate, however, our akces to thi existence will mot be a vite eos toes prone, Wath tht suggestion. Kent pints roa crass enor Thuton of the body and the wold in which he sbjece pace its embodied ‘estunce (htm, x noumenal insted ofa phenomenal existence). Tok transformation, I now dice my anal, Part 2 THE BODY IN PRACTICE neve pase conussp. The tu deropnet of Kant ot fenton i tt Ope Pas where ily seg toprol» earn hor et So The spit stab Stel (996 ape 8-9 pau wih eo te stem cent tn te eg olen te equ of elo ome JR Mee dating ow fe senna of inthe ed ior bs feeoned ope TRU B. \ Boer space 1. See) Basar i) 6 Neh nh 8 ich ed ea aan, hop the bodies ye no on Hoss re. Tale voi me 6a so Tee wait CATE ig te ont commer apd det emp" AAI a2 2-2“ mena thin Ds ies Av Si tteet eke upe peng tied Calc 699 2-8. 3 eae sr Sew bens 2. The ius of embodiment goes rly im the dscns of Sncongron countrput A bitin ofthe abe shade in Semel 88 35. ‘Fosepcndicomed calc etic uy n Hk Robin 8-97 oth lence Hane septa phenonenlgy in A ers eh 13:3 Bec oft inane Be tal te in wh Ka oe Br Sample the mcengrons cunts ely conde pee ie ‘Eat changiog view on pace soone fhe eh pons ety Nitec Sed Te yt sir Drees Ovni? enrich Seoheseumne he nes beso tresnotbeinoeomace eae SEE Sihand Za uy Snare nnd by Den in “La main A tnadege (Greece bono. 8) The mo compere woe bio Sioa Vette tpn vo sta BiMtgrpbialiferssan rove ‘Yaga Bele Goth snd Wan Goo, eke variate RN eer bs ein fee pesca exon ingott ee eth Gor = {2S nate oman oengon oe ery pce epee ISS Etiton to tuae an inpresiy Mia Pn) even thwgh ca ‘ams sc eu pedis te Kann comet een ‘EhcIneerin he open Newer rometic pce ned pc Sema Ban 8 1 Sex example A 886 eee mpi Ds Senin pte ete putt ut st pla epvetv one es prea e mo ‘ray engha een he eos of ete wih eee a testers perme na ed cts yb Tesotone cnc) NOTESTORGES 26-29 527 16 Se ete, Be Bh 9 pene an ely be ipstonsnepedon oct fe sie tang he rive npe ns acy cogent ce re Cea aver hong poms a cpory his hea agra messin ice pisrhen ror stds nag tee wee Rot ‘Siryiet ply died sure Hae nn yr for ‘tartsteatharbegnto sce ass camenlypee sft ply [part il ameendea! embodiment hunter pred fino es Kat pre ren sa ons rane toe stare of pion eh cen of re aod ence PRnapln Se year daeuton ofan nace sent ep fentanyl sin hae Des ‘ipraoc ce Mans ase ingles eto mee teers np fei does oe each thas Deo eon [17] bra he quen anew oe ce fad herein pate Lng ao enh ee aes feast in bev aerating pe t-te fa ed fe rin ens, Henge: or Kats oy oe ‘sy cpa pie td vats ae mini fl ace ‘Ena | lise pinnae ig coset a ‘bis pty incngan “ee dna fw sere ‘iinccusnce fee (tn) econ aus Scoops pre ao nd ch tn a ep bone ‘srw ouch ce wien ponpaiag sud an tt Te Satire sn 2 ns Hcdcggon tn ann city ipa aon a pn” pnd alo oe soe pbetg eno inion He pec ono hy bs). ‘rhe! Bays bi doesn athe i”Se Sats 7-0 wo us op te Recent “ence ro ie ton Porkans an ad n fTata poon e ‘Sangre 1 For acon oft comple pom "in Ke din ato seule ply Hoke Reto onan Rei phe eo adage it nr ant i em by wo ae ‘elt ges sesane fae Rt oe Ze en Sates ‘Seung wars oc sm Se eoprged die ere nga is doen ang =p Wis nd Beds pee? Def ‘Simca Heep 7 ci. Th Sec 8 ask inh and tie "edo he ety etcer Goa une whch ane nese epson oct sph Fo vase ei ono oy ed ognon ae ‘acter talon sk ose 2 See frcmge RE D7 B 1/3 reir 2S IGVD jth ts Se a i a) og hs pane -doxical character ofthe ede * 34 Toca han we sed ei sis Kae ma stt oma ‘ingot te Ci ny Rend Uy Rea eh22 NOTES TO PAGES 30-38 25 See86.Buangaren st nM Gg 8 ante 9 Baa neste toe ny Ars eon Svope e”oeh. Ron oft es th inh we cos of Crs ‘netstat ye Winn Leng a Ure Eheim stat De Vewhaowes ih eh oye 9.2 sal Amero tat) Saar ements on ue sd dn rope 2 8 spot ap oo joe A haegumen ehaed a edan BOIS str che av gat 3) Forse eo as eens circa smn ne ape ot ieee TRS Se tn te gutta bending "Bee SUPPL ac eanep ope npc roping ee wit ac ‘TEatietinsrance» pony nies Ge 0, eon els ‘ptt (an w dw be gon gens rune eo pein ara ‘Bian aha on ts hiya ton 9 + ented isons bycar ls pices Penrod ete TREND ah aeondROU oh se cupecty yeme e Eas 5 Seka aia tales 2) Se Seep et Si 9 r-tcoes Kant aceat scot missing vinnie «Si SSUES tech ep gh Se, nage fae on npents depen amo ceo ae te Lemmon rn ote soe haha of ei ots Sotellhiguascricagge ve wb npndto pce sed mopionse Sieve aso eap pe mya te robin oie cee obra tpt oe comply nd cher of Rate Phd andowoud bev ote'on secre er “lemon tee nine eee cman etapa wilh betas "Pu $96 Ans AAT 38 RRwBina sy 5) KrV Bao9/A sfr-c6. Thin explains why Kant could not advent ros scant tel! te ae? nally of Teel Ant SoS Sain att ee pectin sl ie T vege yes re ae toga pina he Dee he Prgms On stents ott ony of el OB 00 os Reger VB id sean dre i meine ines ible Se tenn yest ye Ort” a ty ember teecaeoLtn e Rech (nd daw o- sect tnpranrt eon 6 Wel hele xs te ‘raf Str de ey Tethys ty, Ds 6h cece ewes ea csc Ned rhinos fan ct ‘patie nn ein an See igen Ah ATV. 3b Sion one ar tht i out by ide py he psy fk sw ull me loser Se opey of acngorc fa eee NOTES TO PAGES 5336 sap ty om gl pry bn ee Stengel ome gen a a oe ee ‘point (2001, 428) ake " paren ERATE ps item pene pe eye ‘snr in #70 Kant esos te ato of ane coms oe an nes a ake re t04 wl te notion o Gges stseed ea ate the nation of Fite rented space i, for Hesdeggne. the polat an which tice wee idee pinto ge ie an Sees neta cus Meteat-Ponty apa las ay ot ah ad one Pec ng opts he tate ee spe (e998, 31-39) ® ft telinigh ean nein tp cc Sat an Mer pd See Bh He sae ‘sit Sa ahand iy| | 30 NOTES TO PAGES 37-40 he ranon ine Sei ad Za 37) 0h ater Bae bet Dvr etx Diy xeon "Die Kans er asm” (3 8 005 Oi recent ace eine, Kel 7 4-8) lw aac er tsieppre porno, mein it xk th ein een ck oa remy mgt etre ave veo wie Ke sad Hote gu Up tlic ineend more to lege! han 2 Kant Cetin, Ce ee ncmton of ead dsoning Heieage! oR a aah n comment ca wih tps o Aro Kant Fee ae en anl Eel roy he “eengenen?” fei feet aed nut bain Sexy oon nh rb) E Co Tere tenance onan of tener ot ges or Fan eons eredopens a ei of the pclae of hi cing ech. bes eget erween Eng od pric sno: sd ch 8 he eee ed eee ed per) Ln Senn Zax Hevea cos a epee by ani condion cenen a Sane face ys any, be maimsins dat ough ere tne ibe le tes cb Dovel ever Gd ins woo au Rats cance wegion mie the eal ese eh te Nubia, ts). Heeger view ovary Kah ca al conor ization ost whin he eat Robe seyrre fbeingiie wo SS Wei 8s ets Se see snes 2 ee maar Eee om inthe Dit, Kan enti th nto he oe re bo com fn of heme "po" to. ai eri ya spb done via tht goat epee ey ee se a sci so ei, They th agement oe 500g ‘Somrpase aly swe eens, Compas this onion se rle aed byte Beh seat a anemone Geel fx neon nthe THERESE Sate pencil ecour fare bed one bea Be Gye do lenny aml Corp (97) fe Son fe Sp ie te fal aes oft capes, bln SCENES Simteumenss ske"comprhandos” ofthe preva wt sex Medes Pone 27 erento o-dizemacl hee dimesonl cs xpi sgnaedn Peto A.A Bey bivtonchsgrsencesiy” Kantv ase th oatin of sng? he an ine 90 ae atten cable acount of he was fe by ral ane ine ny iy tho mention ong ooo x ey Sem “Mgmnt fhe Tenendenal Actbe BAIL 3833 ES ey aeunin of Mila’ rican of Kae ith Ste Ki tow Sag ma deerpon encore: jes pales Fe NOTESTO RAGES (0-47 281 ‘mera Hci awe, i ae doe pei Scammer rans ca “Dee misdertneng canbe le Ca Ving tn Be Sali ot an) sdk Retina tsps} pot ao eee Se of oer exon ndacton opment opel oe, eae fp retin ee igs ty ad ke Rolin ele to" Geena Mishel se moe wen tered ‘ti Sal meno eta os aon Og th peste od tod ie Seth dee iy sng ea oc Go Resin A oat nd AI han 1 The Anan wu pba coord betwen 69, De mundi wens, §15 €, ms Peek ye. Forthe dn thi ic oe ne ei Property of things ohare ee next SOFA canary aa A tom ai Pepe eee ace ae aa Siegen een aioe 2 heen a atu Rrmcmegea anny ae Sch Aa Ese Reem koeaatamican gat Rt a Ss a ein settee na poy ea Tig SET i tne resorts pedi rua) Tr ics rt ee i es ea iar ne orb nae emer enya at ioe hc en eee le which th tgomen of ng ou ote get coupe sn tele abe ace Ka Beata 2. Boies nc Sou 1 See Hoke Retnon "ne atin op Ti emt Sal 2 Pert re ropoe tees quetion ha a imionygueion fore incodieson 6 Katia “rman ployxrarasamcedet ppg the ploy oie (998 1 at Supreme popebey" ame oe at cE ee ng sect bch of wenden Play, Tt an ee sce book on Koo oy Garena 8 et cae ee ee peng oc en Ho cnn it aE ode eatin i gue Cech segs meng Ket foal sine fe pene Cee erecta ein. Scroon 969 Ss net loi cea fe etn fa peace, Ree esc he ancy nce Teun egy” ha be sevice 03a An a ee sey tena bson Te i re egy Ranionpyebegy a © el re a a hate, iphone SRN in Ee cer) mo amp 9 HAE wt hel EN etre cope prcon: EES 8D “eames 2 ey fa hecomrotoea ping, Bock Uap Teese MEPS" Caneoenene Son, we Sat tel Kom hh br ah 0 es de oe id mao me cg on Ka etn eta te esa once ra oe eS lcs anentadedoan psi Seon en Serie Pema mrs ices Gen bes om whe Kan mt cy and fom cotemprr ea audi 1 ot ee nl etek Lain web 3 a cals of pyelgy wih) wade OE, oa cpg wang ome eid ou by Sain Be aia tyme angie A AS Fa cad thy snout fen oe cm ane Taczpnon nor ny mad seit ete orees concen pace wh he mai re Pg abalh yesh 3303 7. See erm of to ee etic Rae mens nw le Pag FOE ae eB eEA Hh bower iene ee soo teeter vo nhc a Pee Pe 7 unter Nat now bop. i Sopot 8 cae Senogy citi areal 0d ne omen Cea it ae cog, onthe over ofa hoe Dna line ecco Tak” a BGA yoo FO ce agumen x bao onc Fees a Pate a nerd cblgea ey sfering ote ey Tne earl coiie wot eosin sel ser eat. Sa apy, BAX, 08 Kantserspomumou pa TU Binge, NAM Ce ee ete ilareed by Songernna' oon Sn he rani i iy af pence hing "wh the et opi SEER NSP Seis coments gent temo — sp2h What call "embodied subject” is precisely suck empirical uaicy of Seacioumen ‘howe ste tse usocinted with wate of Hedy that as be claimed ‘sown, Ony Tees jen embod pcan ct send opal wi ee acre er eto parent eer SESLSiin eco wh thie Tote pres dion Tne ue ees ‘tameendentlpyehalogy” ste si sai in which Kana emgage oe inne inten casone che curred hoe KAVB pe Stn Arp {ste 38h, 97 Soran B SA) oe dca en oar mochedebed Sse of wether or not Kan hoy inte ft Gta nsencona lpi a ener eeoenp eer res esr sda, Pogson) Fre ie: son ‘of Kant elation {> prchaogy Co what ke et pychoigy see. Had 93), ar, se Re Nulled Geos 7 Much eRe Ames eons eft ect af sal prchology: ©. HL Bird (oo witha imperanteon of Stroron a W ‘es cit an oe eigen ik sce "wolng ans ete aad ae otundowacag (eV ‘apeonnnte oo en dine ees of Kael kr B 39/824 B _cekther claim implies that knowledge i pom consider vette ures ‘eve. Ts ete titan ns ono deeeprisvsenre [Broonenclogy of eeeplon plan both rope ad “ween at tau Meest-Ponty sepa ty agar sven ined Kae itt Rao pa oe bod pacegdon ns Mtoe) te ecu wtnsh l fice ncomegunce oe, ter of tance ind the (Newonit) ston of pas egal dents wan which lee oe ‘elatioos can be manifested. nn _ a prinviltunaertnrarcitt ae ree Snot be Drama aa be ean nck + ofa 999; A Leyte) sasak NOTES TO FAGES 5656 pots se M, Hein "Meret Review of reno SiS 7467 (enor gen el Kant et ere of abe sb 777 gota amncing, Reh 7) an Tayi BAI erie ay cops RD tA = 2 ASU ea pe mlromerl wee Co a ny He oppo tno nace ft ir ee separa moxvewntans oon (AAT 372219 2a BAN son Secnnbong io set Mendel AN 73, ES rthan ftps nrc none sie i a oe Wot er $s a 25 a nh ea Speman pny eo sextet eh pein on Se re te ounder of Ocesonalsn, one ene ind ato he rsbay son ne Se a BE OE, OB Wa SASS ies G00 9 Stl 696, 2-5 ian oft cone ps nose. Scsatemeerg Senna aaron said Scent cae eas ee eat nhn nc en tery ee et ese hon ee ee eat Sate get tt a eter tea oe lan tol won ied neice eae cea St ret oad ss we opts Heeger at reac of Carteian dalean in contersporarypaychalogy seiecel it pained en Temas ayrataciy ene sa occ: canktin fr rans the wa” oh 204 307 390 23224). ‘tee Heeger nsoraton of Kans tnteabein view feat ia {eras of the ote-otlogiel Serene Ge Dana nh o-n, WEAR sano pa {Meh enn Orie? A307. ‘5 Kivians- Carn specie eins e cones that ee lis located inane poron oft by ete tts The pl wh Mas omy ot op tin cei eg oe Oth 1 Seto {A 34.7 Signy, Kane hag fein gn ine Cig of Pw Rann wn edhe en af raus Den ) Sccnert cape weaAll seers SAA Ie {2 Seebcenmle Koy Bayh 5 Toe teary whieh nant embodies eine Se Cie sa sre ot 29 kerma fe ony sos gna Hee fest oo on aot he een hone Inc be ea Fracp and he tion. spy he Tenet Dent to Shes ‘tm. Trane eno nhc someon inant ekaueveatng we “on uty oda Bee ely Stata nt De Fae sen Dig, wher ets gute ayo ‘nope rte certo tegen te Cg He ‘suet eae of Prac Su} Lew a) eet feta tals eting ofthe neo inainnia he Dees in The Gerag ‘Fhe a) ‘2 Ser, Sal 098 sm 15S Rel opr 0-9 fr tence hi lini he deve és ng om Send Zt too Ra ode Room) she screens cute wih Rane ane Hegel sway ee geal far he ‘hunaion ouen ave n Wave leon wie Kel Te ino, s Cony Ke a yi iy ‘epi l= i BED ahs See KNB w/quote above. Tet htn th Tancendet Aetc spain opt nee yy seme hye holy nnn nbn emt need las fruseon een tap yn foe ig, do weve mas ‘vieongrocnconterpr That het dosnt eel pen after bors laren cmd pinged paring ys pees ‘Thr shennan Geingaesehse cy os he “ey ‘thio Slag’ pag shes dec ow de eet oeSee ay umattr emote ite em vc a cee aga SRE Se eh etn ek ahi seare mph ns ecco mii oe alte Teen mami Seger tinea Sinha icttncmoae anes SS mean eae “place” emong them, For our eye, for examples one of the extremes of the adit Eee as cll yma ie Soran ania tga daceytaecn Soe caste RIN iat mccnso ae SS ae aoe Respectively KB 273/h 235 and KV B 373/8 285 Se cr inkmine N Dict adie i Ser rea te nae et ttn tew: crane Ses eet geen ec Scere nts ato ei es Lt tae A eae eran merit irae et ene hence can Secretar temo a Serica artefact lan Ee fren cea srt Ae itr eats ic pg lrg oe SRO Rt te in iceltulteinhabentetene Seem ee pi eet ns Case ane, es Reset cee a it di ak mises ee: Hoke Reborn (sit) cites the argument af the incongraent come, mane ese ont sehr cia Series ato of very Sow ui think be Refine fue of embodies. ee eR. Henn aoa 98: and Coa Cap Theron he Rees ico Hemi owing slarces W,Vaoge Gate oe {pias mG oa. nt 9e, M Hyon gn ete sh M Tale Gd). opp tere oft etn no 124" gay sy Heep ca Se Kan ony apy te Bore cst chi het mainte th ns pottn ef ace se tof tnt die, nou pcre he snug wo nee heey, Soe woh ough Heerer cpu tat maybe pone ae Sao seven er Py ed Plo fody ladon mat {2 "hng gen ng” conan od cel ely dic fans ‘re te som a, etn So tach sees ‘doen dow ot ove Dees Selon In Kanda Dit aap eg cop at eenon oso ontep se ished ye Teena Bet ewer sine abd anon oho ‘ering Rts Cig wl to cage tee otto ens ok eae S33 apelin beacons ooo eee te Ae dt Reto {Re Bane Plgenen Ss, Rema s (AAI, 9 Kata cio ‘ie mane enced ain’ spin Denaro “emptnalg seco ‘tan edie tier aes dra Toes ee Sean Res ons een nth aon 93. For Kan wentneat of he poh alogan er he flowing gee KOVR ovr te con fhe Gort Reais th Fame ee ‘eh exp nro Bete) sol tt ered den Fr Kans tate Besse yr HAs ©. Met Tues 969 od EO, saci 7 RWB 75. Tithe dete acing Kan enpesios "in Dne ‘rom anit Benen pate Ine taro they Pec, ase tne Vion the “vlypsie on pnt en (KV Bcc. KEV Bae Te dann open ne ere wth or Kant ‘noe Atle of Beyer inthe fl be Reto Benes ‘1H Ac 0 ee hr ce Refs elo soon Bete it cron denise Honever he Inport tha te Rete ‘re Bea ean ah fo any eed ‘eth literature ad ‘eka ae 2s See eft Refion RAB 6 Wier omety se Seiad esheets edt pet. HB al Pansy Res (AV thats ao hin ir at scutes epemnatene ache Kw Besta yea Tees pot, dough om ‘tli ivr cal Rat aga sons fa Seo ‘Yosef smething pci te Soh at epnaton’ of iy Teoordeaen of my own ence iS38 NOTES TO RAGES 6-4 essing Tierra alo bs ove rem which Gaye ree ection ee -atnng ver hn on eng? TMS ing Soer empha min See MedearPoey ed dim ot speedos neared mit” (980, 3 POO WTS sans etal ennai the Cate pele sels se coheed wid Heat Heeger pee ntepeisosof — wee pica ad epsal—in terms eis a8 ‘Seitina cj manent dacaonin Carson Quine 990 97-18, Te iv Bp enpemsh B98 Oss ote and ergot evn cians antes eae et KEV B a8 arn) ech ot bie SERASITEET Soci el outer objec, we woul ote abe ome se de efor int nthe aay Fanon smh TESTIS Rete sess (MAUI, jo exis at ear st FOREN eee acd nly he emia of expr me ee fouity sv Toe oly alec” pomble wold cose Tere ietecns whieh, vee pose See Masa dessin of Cae ete contenaon ones and Kae 990 18-19. Kans evaeemee in RVD Cebu p spray B ap Foca duconnn othe raion berwee ine sae ie Soon ae Ges Jeet Ss Doe Diadts v ot SERIRUESRdiae tom he mun’ uneral ang” owe inp dh ee aan econ i ut He Kan las hat "ange of prevent [eS tnconfronsy wth ternal main” (NT 482, ina 1 atpata xpress core. 2 Deeb ent sed Kant aie of Pt csc ss soir Man Wand (494 1 vo, a eee (netphy sea pac, th theo 8 eet “ace sod en Das wend) is 005 3 Sea B yan sp aoth reason dcson ote Rete ow ain pein a 1 any, Disa fa AAD pan px: a8 ethene a hee and bo oft Soh ant oe Dies HR mcs tne wandon when cea Forse develope Maeno ou Den ee Hime (70, 15-10. “cone in prs. n Die ELS Rrpretee tote wo eins ft Cie ae Ra Se moe 03 Fee eee roi rg, he eon sed by Kant doy use enicee epee eit [gna taste copes olen Dias, AA 9. 10, Dreams, AAT, 30—y espa, 1 Dien, a 1h, AAIL po~oy omg, 1 elena, Ad 14. Sethe caper "Vor dem Grade der Unterchedg al ‘eshte 38 Bona). acne ts Dee AAtL ona SA os Fre ate ne oon nai, eae Th ARI 390 I Ane 15 S4 ALL, 5 Kat bere ht “objec ont thence fem ar enti (ref goin ober ti het ee colon ttre semble Th wld Kamo leer pel earings ‘Siu enfant pins Ds “a itacneroraneear toe open cin of rules mesg se Bes etna Jeoduesion to Kents Latin tings 3986) wee lifesence”—aoy emphasis, ees eae Zoeller (198) =— 5p AA TL 395, “ Baton 35-57 AAI, 39s - Serco Be micanneunomcn Se uo, es Such 960) Seteceraaet eee eereae en he eles ein tn ae a aay bt SEO aig ete or ee er WR 9 ma om ms AA se a A eee in ei wa 7 erat) Stn vey el seme Ty nana omer ie Ce nga comet cE ested coor Bom Se entra tn SASL car ntnete neigh Oe a ee te inane a ese ce ka fem Eee ial iy imeon ae Se eh on con oe) ra Fe te cn es Sg Chk et alee enc en Sop ce way ore er Sean tegen ren Coen St exe ems MY ul ape ep Se oe nae eine Lu yin 0 TE Fe a nse ba cee REV 56 Sy Beye Set Rech p26 08 Heimsoeh (969 1 Soe capi dr Sisley n Kaot et of 65 SE ants Rat ee Ler Sea Spee (7S 2 Repetney.Re Br 8 Sh Base fo ARTI 98 Se Rec oh at See Cito ston SE Anno Rooms Bae ee Seka B aA SB cteua rp-r BSg-ath 0-66 BSA ep Tn et co atta diet deta ofr ape proved For ee Ciecedcon see. Hess O31). So Kamt tnt sh ie rg he “ae ee seston Bore my poston in conepun edo ca sed dam, Sehitrrsng engin of Ks “probes BE Ese ach Matt pss 08 Die pin eer end ni cect lt”) nd of te “bets ie one, Delaney eas 0 poe lf a vic for Dene weve en do ns bln t iil opens, Denn fis vitor 2 De ois bk Ea ene lento ees” ‘nanan whiney Gemsiing = ee SEIN amet re A et gtr Ce Rv BoA acai forthe able, ie KEV Baqi ym NIE a tn en er et pore ‘Guthrng of Reson Salis dscuses the inner “eri” inher ELS Rectan set of “rtgue” in which renvon is brought in fom a Scere ats eel ey Somes coraecymen or eran ae curate 2 erie, a REE ERE rere nem ‘ie Pops. Amore dered Uneian of he potion te act ek edkiont ofthe Crise: he execs sty. Ase ne ae Soci oop ar ersentaa enn ee Segal ase haute oe Spark nme ae Dy Poorest Reales eon ap oie 2 Rett nian caesar he se hintaan atone iste ater rena Sota ol Sin tery tntg ap ui’ brome et PE Gitte chin an. ras wid etree Deca St fevers ry oe oe "Eighen.”A ote press of te SESE Ae swale a het wat gu he ned See Ke 8 sta 5 Saye i th (06 ea oes, or Sait ‘room slo 90 Bion, dp ss apo prs enone oes Spies Eerantgemetiy tame ut a (Cn ina polio the thee motes ot scecint aie Kaoce ‘eqrcia chien epi xen ne ea "seMa NOTES TO PAGES 9-99 secomaanieta tema ee aan Pears implied is “lination” wil be Ficte's and Hegel ater inference 1 ii eh vi ue apmee Rice a ee Ea attr mies Bevaesl fue soul principle of ife bm matter and thei son ne te east SERRE ce ef ths aan pg ih fee on Hess eine’ to mane ey Sot oe eee asta eas nen i ste tre Contec a MO ae eae tat "il expences oecur only in fe ie. when oul a So ie a we osane te would mean to propore the inipenible Sonn Tee crete ct er egy eset Shoemart tm ey aes rset et Shannon ie ad ore he eee oe rep courrone ath gcacelunest et Sees panera mort ooh Tice hn ne “ehutomend (K2V B eat). On Kest and peychology see th refrences atthe beaianing Bodin in Acton Dray AAT FT Tiasoeth (sp, whe eoncentates on the concept of Geedomsn the nae by menos eaton 2 poy Sue) AAR Sia Rowe 598 ee a: ‘Sen, for example Karam 98) Allison merely a nee ec 0 eh Se Cnet Ne eh oem PEST sn Sw ra comet ee i sean nh ame ef edit fn the oatcane seein Sp ofan ide, ce Hedegges Sica Zot is) Sag 2 pss ‘The merapyaleoncpt of mun oranda Hsp rpm is (be exer este inden 9s ths Rao) ears Pe ‘pectin alge mines Forde score deg with Ie se) ait eos. © ima Sev B26 4 {Kev Bea fre ecient wih Kat ef whe ern ‘dome KU, BG be le conaecton in which “tapeens eetens™ sO" ceed in ee pease nese Bae whee ops” oe 1 KEV gas. Real he "hale comin sf tes" e Dan, AA Th BS KSB eons eprint ie of wld bat wo 1. While he Dune inte wo can al bs howl the nde seanding\ "el (oma nal independent of niyo) sang om he ‘fs of the econ uf of he onthe mu lected with he ideas all thee node iin sina ected ee Ral or pe aaa! ean ee rep lernes teenie ata Pr pete alee ately don elnino