CHRISTIAN INITIATION RIGHTmoe Paes endo, EC, Yow. Ksox Pans Ricuon, Vince USA §3/24 54> ‘OMG © 1089 Lormawonen Pas intl ret Briin Latimer Tred & Go a, Pleats CONTENTS 105,(Tha dpi epider of is rng pon. fs Se ec he fa tbacion whe aie media Noe om itisby no meas carta lies would says oh ae fo hin ely minoay prides op hese ae Theodore of Mopicria dosti chemist paca Ka the candidat’ head and die dicking hin cops a wget with he on Brae aly op of psa reece in ome ofthe exscomb peru: of Ooir ee gh ning wo ow tac na ah ak ing poured over ished and momen ence Hi re Sabve ht hssecond sls oscoon ee ke bpzar, meee and geri the Fahey and eed the shillownc of most ofthe font neared by ecg ae ‘modes of bpm have bens atc of date earns the Onhodox have objected the Weneen fspening eens afin, exept an emergency), and Bupa hae ain Psion mb word the water andthe seon se general oad by churches atheros ment nthe ie of apo at Ne Tesamen knows various bpunal nage whch have esc ses of father trial development in ident pes oer +. Buptn meant change of owner and alegince The pad on io longer aslave on bat save Ga fam, hones no the name of” Christan sma “ito His ones Oot ‘ofthe ideas attaching to the term “seal” (cf. 2 Cor. 1: 31-22; Eph, 10-14 439) in tht of the muting of propery, ands pe Pevod “cling” commonly ean the cag often of de Cone the forced ino afer baptism, marking the bpd pen be (Cris asa save was branded fr hs one ns sale ned fe is emperor. The Orin site dramaaed tis tamer of dogs fom Satan o Chet ina ecrenony jt before sel Lp is pans fom Satan ceca red wo he Wes ie ot dhrknes, and renounced hin, ee pting on hi nse ie an 2. Baptism means to stip off “the old man” and to don “the new ‘man” who is Christ (Col. 9-10; Gal. : 7). Undresing and dresing 4 — before and afr bp seg a symbole meaning The ching of the newly bxpized in whe grt iad by Cyl offre. Ind by Ambrose sl kes poe in mot ofthe Orel sand ively pros inthe Roman. The Church of South Inds bas cide fos optional sen ble api. easy Baptism is brth to new ife(Jokn 3: $2 Tis 3: $-7)- The shape ofthe Gstan Sts eb engi fi oa 4 Bap lighten ich 6: 431: Joc 4 Pe 2:9 The Were cston of ging sighed pesto the nen bated penis inthe Roman is andhas been adopted for optional se bythe Church of South India At the Eancr vig servi in the Ronin Catholic orc the renewal of bapa vows preceded by the ihting of {ema by each ote ft or the res cal ade ‘Bop makesa persona shares in hr she sine King ond sith wen 2G ati et Re 10), The devlopmen of pou-bopnalsnoiing complet soy, te dobsta pt wa payed ty es Pein ta Cee 5 wr Kings and igh rcs wore crown (nz), and Greck vitae tere ral: Ces ok rw ot cro Gon 1 Cons 9: age. Tim. 42 ou 4a x Bog: 4 Rew 3:19), fn ss amici ina pow foptinal ceremony Of erowning ‘he Ori trap fom the Byron Many of hoe Sl ascomponying pti, blow bi imagery and lng paced inthe Church, may speak othe ee tm man aon eo eel prong {ihc andpareneicoppreni, Bot may they not be ple: tnemed by others more Cosy in touch with the preforms of lenin today? b advancing tenclogy prodacing cing which ‘ald become aniversllyunestood penal symbol? Have Asa Sd Alta nfgenos symbol itor ae nthe bapa pace of ‘he Chorch in the oni? Coufmaton inte New Testament? “The debates on the relation between bapesm and confirmation that have been taking place inthe Roman Catholic and Anglican in particular have deiven the scholars to consul the Neve Tesament ‘texts. One often gains the impreson, however, that in this matt ‘with che exegesis of verses concerning the relation between grace and 5Sith in th bapa ven, the imerpetion of governed by a thsi par Inthe Anglisn sphere carci controversy off by Dom Gepory Di'Oxfordlecureen The Teg hese loin rao apn ante ofa appeal They before G. W. H. Lampe plied is gy mn Diss potion in The Sel ofte Spi (Landon. 939) 1. 8 then outed with Caton is PenheBaptinal psy (ean 1954) which was dedicated othe memory ef Dias Linge ‘is view in seve aril and exercoed «seong latencies World Coun of Chaches Fath snd Oris pr The Meng °fBaptin™ The postion hd, with some variation, by bth ves roghly hs: already in New Teme tne © coupler whole comprising water bapsm au cher te apo ofan or chrismaton or othe singe wr “apt ee ‘being pars Each pare of thei bad is Sen meso a fi: water bap conferred forgiven of si and epee sol the Lyig on of hind or craton beet ineing prt The sacraments of bpton an confmon seeped ene the pus into which the Wester Church hu sept te od bapa whol andthe cncisioni at hand tae hoe wh ae ‘een bpd but not confirma have not sected the ensued ti of te indwling Spe Realizing the inlictions fr the ccameicl movement of view hich denies hth nconemtare fly nated Cesease Lape sought wm rove tht, according to the New Texaent taptog fo water provided compete inition and confer all the eee sclvaton, of which the indweing ofthe Holy Spt wast The F vexed pasags is resthae sparked ix and Thorton baptisn”™ was cof salvation already bestowed in the water haptic ‘Among Roman Catholic scholars ther s+ willbe scn in alter fupes a marked diference of emphasis berween those who ropatd the present sacrament of confirmation atthe completing “veal” ofthe inition begun in baptism and chose who stress rather the indepen dence of the scrament of asa “strengthening forthe fight: bat his division is not much eeced inthis interpretation of New Testament evidence concerning what is for Anglicans the key ‘twetion of the sacramental betowal ofthe Holy Spit 6 Ce RS “Thereare probly two reson fr the gretermanimiry among che Catholics at tis pot the Larger part cllwed lane sect ‘leeopmn in he making of doctrine nthe Catholic Church means tht deoloias Jon fel cliged ond thes prcer ew ofthe sacraments sendy pret n dein the New Testament ex td the Bc ht recived Cali doctrine hols kptn al v be Fi eke eort cic crcl bro of evcion exe hat Bests ie meee econo ere ete farther rl maybe aged to Him i contimaton Artis soge | snply indie the oes important New Tenament vince which bas ged in the date onthe ration beeen bape Sm and conan: ttf bec anged tha che phenology of ach texan Ac 2:38 and Tis 2 ndash hee were wo moments in he pete Itaton: th i ofthe Spire wa note itera scompainent of ‘cmc im absent rh te sony fer water bpm Again hi imterpetaon of Acs 3:3 Taghapi cscs panclemmeiananens toggar hat Lake meant Petr o pomie a reception ofthe aly Spare which was comerporaneots with hpi for the remson of si In Ta 3:5, the interpretation depends on how one comers sering of Greck genitives (owner ds Bxd Novrpot mauryeveotas wai SsourdovnHveron Ayn) ete “he ith of regeneration tnd "the renewal of he Holy Spit” ae two dict events or "eget and renewal” dete a ingle ry eflced bythe Holy Spire a “the ach 2 Troaghs fw deny tthe waling wih the Spc mentioned in 2 Gor. 135, phe 1134230 has any reference al co an exer toe cn cholate agreed that thi ling wih the Spit irate the beam event On the ground thatthe sing” inthe Asal Tees of pers to pls o te creams tater than athe wate bpm, Dix el thatthe New Terament tera refr wo tat pr of he ton re which became entonae tha, Whi prvi ta the signing of he com te frend line tnt cmon mening nin eae fe period Lampe anged that he New Testament be nee inh igh ofthe carer unge wich nue bape a worth c= tool tain of te eg te See ha meeing a Gee Hermas Simi 16 (PG 2, 95-30), and cabo peated logs the other caning eed tr nthe ace ofthis evidence tha tee ca ”bbe no ssumption of a simple equivalence beeween “seal” and “cone firmation” in the ely Chareh, Thornton eontinocd to art that, despite alternative wes ofthe word, the meaning of “sal” a6 “com firmation” had an unbeoken ancestry reaching back into the New ‘Testament; bat ie romaine that no one Is infact boon able to find, part from precisely the dispued cases in the New Testsment, an ie "tance ofthis usage much before the end ofthe second centry 3. Dis, among others, wished to see evidence of mn anointing cere= mony inthe ws of yp at 2 Coe. 1:20 and pdoya at John 3:20, 27 “Though the ides of Christians a the anointed ones lent tel to expres sion in an outward ceremony, most scholars ae reluceant ro place the begining ofthe use of physical anoining inthe initiation rite a eatly as New Testament ines Dix received support, however, foun the ‘unexpected quate of Presbytcrianism in anarticle by T. W. Manson ™ ‘On the basis of x John 2: 20 the weiter considered it feauble that a ‘Physical anointing fo the sacramental gift ofthe Spire formed par of| nintiaton rite which he found reflected in John 5:8: dhe Spit the ‘wate and the blood match the gift ofthe Spirit (posiby by laying on of hands and anointing), baptism in water, and the fst com smunion * Dixhad already argued fortis order of event 2+ primitive fotder: some eatly Syrian res® certainly have the order scinting— ‘water baptsmy—euchari; and Dix believed that here wa primitive (Chritan practice which followed the order of evens in Jewish prose Ive inittion: the “sea” of eircumeison —baptim sacrifice, 44 The scholars who hold che the imposition of hands formed part, ‘ofthe primitive ite of nation appea to stand on fey af ground. It snow frequently accepted that thi was so a last in the cices known othe Writer tothe Hebrews ice 6: 2). ut i is by no means agrend that the incidents in Acts 8: 148; 19:5, prove thatthe laying the confering ofthe Spin the peimiive rte ® Lampe argued that thi opinion stems from an ‘rconeous interpretation ofthe texts which ir not found before the end ‘ofthe second century; the two incidents in Acs are rather to be seen ssxceptonal cases in which a special ceremony of acceptance into the {ellowihp ofthe apostolic Church marked x crcl point nthe spread ofthe mision. G, R. Beaey-Murray consider it inconceivable tht the Samaritans shoold have been baptized in the name of Jesus and wet have received the Spirit, and imerprets Acts 8:17 asthe imparation| "athe of His special charsmata in which Lake showed moch interest. ‘The same scholar believes thatthe Ephesian incident as 2 whole beats i the samp ofa exetionl erent, thvgh he lves ope the pos icy cht dope the lencein ise Pal may have wed the ying. ee ochands the adminaton of tapi in the name of es on Other oceans bee that scored in Act 19: ss where sch an sree tok place at bop i mune be iterpeted stan undeining SF honoal ofthe Spiraled inkeren in bape ole The fon common Rooun Catholic vew that repre by B. Neon Fer in the normal New Testament rite of nation there were tro moments, ape in water ad he ying on of nds hee was ata mediation ofthe Spire inthe former, nd a complementary inthe liter Some schols tum to che pater of major evens in svaton sry fr spor of topo a pti 2d nematon represent evo int ages inthe one tl aon of nation. ‘Ste lw linc of nerpentin which snot common mong th Pte wn dy dng wo mon te Hpi a gH apes nthe waters the pent Sexe of th Spi. ‘footer avn themes to make bpm coropond 10 th Death tl Resuncton of Eater and confirmation othe Deen ofthe Holy Spica Peco Where theo ination rie cominses to be erated 2 ingle violet quotion of the sgnence oft wrioos pat m0 30 Tea; bur ie Were development ofthe po-bapesmaleremenes Joo the eparte sacrament fenton amined limos aways ra emierbe mera in tine Eom the water bpm hs ele ‘Wesce theologians to aterpe sane more definite explastion ofthe ‘esti between the vo In chapter I we shall ook atthe iri evelopment in the Ws anda the way in which the moder heo- Ipgltes the elation tween bpm snd confaton tthe pret dir fst however we cami the Churches in which a omplex rite of atiation anneal ones 91 INITIATION ANCIENT AND EASTERN. Irs cenza chat the baptism of infants was practised in North Aca in Terllan’s time, and in Cassatea when Origen vas in tht city + ‘Thetis therefore no reason to discount the evidence of the Apoteie ‘Tradtion® when it records that children not of an age to anowet for themselves were inated along with adole ina singe rte in Rome at the begining of the tied centary; eventhough Hippolyeuss work ‘may well ave undergone considerably later revision before finding its way into any of the versions and adaptations, whether Latin ot (Oriental, now extant. Variations in practice ate atested for diferent ‘geographical areas bu there are so many supporting witness for 50 uch of the rte ofthe Apesolie Tradion that an acount ofthat rte will give firindication ofthe practice ofthe Church in the formative petiod ofthe thi and fourth ceneris,* Terzllisn states hat Easter was the preeminent time for baptism, snd itscoms certain thatthe rite described inthe Apetlie Tradition was cclebrated during Easter night. Baptism was preceded by along period ‘of preparation. On being brought forwaed by sponsors those who Sought entry into the Church were examined concemming thet reasons fe coming and hi readies abandon cil ways sod oben ‘occupations. If found worthy, they were admitted vos extechemenate which at last in Hippolyeat’s day, usally lated thee yeas. ‘this time they recived instruction in ches which concluded with prayer and witha laying on of hands by the teacher, When they were “chosen to reeive bupesm, cheir sponsors had to testify that they had lived piouly while catechumens. Then throughout their prox sate preparation for baptism hey were exorcized daily.’ On the ‘Thursday before baptism che candidates washed themselves; on the next ewo days they fasted. On the Saturday they received the Snl ‘exorcism from the bishop, who also “breathed on thei faces and sealed ‘thes foreheads and cars and noses. Inthe paschal vigil he candidates, Ineard the Scriptures read and recived instuction Baptism took plae any from the all sembly, and inthe follow ing manner, At cock-row prayer wat sid ver the water Having tapped, sch endidteprofeed his rmination of Stan and wa Thotted with the al of exoris (cored by ts bop) the od sing pry vying. “Let al else doer oes ae? “Then theca went down in the wate, He epic," belive" {bcachof the credal questions concerning the Ty and was bap tl” by the minier (wheter bishop or presbyter ar deacon) pon {och tower. On lsting the water the ends was anon By 9 prestycr th cho of thanking (previo consecred bythe Keop), he accompanying words bing“ anoint thee wih oly iin thenamcof Js Chia The newly-toptieddeesed themsclt and tovred the fll acy There the bikop a hand upon then and pryel Next he anointed the hed of ech one by hind, saying“ hon thes with holy cin God dhe Father Almighty and Chr ous {nthe Holy Spi.” Then the bop ss him onthe forehead and gave he Kis of pene, "Thereupon the neophyes enjoyed their new prviege as members af the Church: they joined in the payers ofthe ffl they shed the congregational Kf prc, an thy priate in techie liergy proper Atti fs commenion th neophytes not only received te bread and wine bu so partook of exp of water nd ¢ cap of nny. Th wt en rd wag - to the outward baptan, and che mak and honey ea eae ore eae lin The only corches whos lp silt minister this total pater of pi, “conan” ad st commanon on he fone ocaon ae chuchs in which fr reons that wl appeat ter ‘hein ination of eileen of Chitin pars the heavy pre ondernt practic and the inkistion of nad conver fom ove {he Christin sphere ay Here are two or thre examples of ites which wer ft shined for ads and which are now tly employed for nines: The Byzantine rte bein with "prayersforsxtechumen” Afr st inl nd omg he ts ope he peta head and aya prayer which apps to be forthe mating af atchumen; then the Der summoned to come out and God 10 expe all evi prs fom the nde and to make him a eee ee a "pon the prot run he candidate wenwar and asthe sey,“Dost how renounce Satan... 2" Each time the etechumen, or hi sponsor (Avdboyor-replis“Teenounce™. The pict sks thrice, "Hast loa teaounced Srtant” and thrice the extechumen or his pone ‘epi Tha nounced Net che preorders ss to exes toupiton Sata, Having red the cant extrac the pict aks thee, "Dost tho jon thyelf to Christ?" an "Hove ho joined shy ‘feo Chris?" the etechumen or sponsor answers appropri and ashore cicwes in His King ed God. The ead or sponsor recites th Nicene Creed and, having thrice more replied that he ht ‘here to Cri, bows down before the Tiny ‘Ar the begining of baptism dhe pit eense the font Adcom lian oF ierceion covers an apolar ity. Then the eit raysalod tthe ater rte tanccaton of the water bythe Holy Spit, conning, “And give i the grace of eedemption, the Being of jordan. Make ie dhe fountain of inorrption, the eft of alien he eemision of sins." the pie sgn he wate hice swith heros, breathing on and ssh, “Leta averse powers, be crashed Beneath the sign of Thy precios Gros. ..". After this prayer forthe consecration of the water the priest brits thrice pon ‘Sci which ee deacon beings hi sigs it tie wih ee rom, Sad pay for Gas Bening upon While thefold Allein ng, the priest then pours ol fo the veter ernie. Next, the pic rake 4 cracfrm anointing on the bapa’ forehead, bes, Shoulder, can et and hands begining wit he wots, "The srt Of God, Nis anointed with he ol of gldnes, nthe name the “sini” Facing the east and holding the candids upright, he pic chen immer him dhe tines inthe water saying, "The servant of ‘Gov, Nos bie in the nme (fe Tiny)” Thereupon Pal 3 ong and the pct reste newly apts in the white garment, ‘yng, "Thesertanof God, N. seated with the tonic of ighteon tn the ame ofthe Tey)" “The priest says a prayer prepeatry t ehimation. Chrsmation takes pce with the holy mons permed consecrated by the Jr The pret ann the baptized with myo crown on the various part of the body begining with the Frchen ying, “The sel ofthe gift of the Holy Sprit Amen" Then he pie, de sponsoe st the bpeized proc round the font wile “Ar many a ve ben baptized into Christ have put on Crist Ai” isang “he conclading reading ofthe Apostle (Rom, 6: 3-11) and Gospel, (ace 2616-20) boray the Bett theeuchariaorgy aed to be taken up at this point. Nowadays, however, the neophyte’ fist com= ‘union sdelayedunthe following Sunday unlesshecommunicatesat ‘nce fom winekept from scclebration ofthe liturgy before the bapeism, "Two ceremonies which wore formerly caried ost 2 week afte apis are now attached dizeay tothe baptismal service. The fist {is ablacon: water i spinkled on che bapeimal drs, and dhe neophyte hime i sprinkled with water and washed with a Sponge: a this re= moval of the material taces of his initiation, the candidat is astured thot its spiritual effects arc lasting, “Thou wast baptized, thou wast illumined, et" The second ceremony is peeliar to the Byzantine et: ‘the erueiform cating ofthe neophytes hse by dhe pris: eis i sgn thatthe Baptized person is dediated to God's glory. "The Coptic and Ethiopie rites resemble one another very closely imseractre and even in wording. The ceremonies ofthe etecumenate inclad the aking ofthe candidate's mame and an anointing with plain cil ("May this ol bring co nought all the attacks of the adversary”) ‘The ceremonies belonging more immediately before baptism proper comprite am imposition of hand, with prayer for deliverance from Satan, the candidate's enunciation of Satin," an exorcise inflation (athe Cop) hisadhesion to Chris," his profession of fth according to. brie Trinitarian formals," and prayer fois suengehning. Then ‘comes an anointing ofthe whole body i the ol of gladnes (previously fonscrated by th patriarch) fllowed by more prayers forthe candi ‘ate (ith imposition hand inthe Coptic). Atthispointin the Coptic ‘ite plain ols poured into the water. ‘Both rites continue withthe Apostle (Tits 2: r1-3:7) the Caholi- con (John 5: 5-1) the Pras (Acs 8: 26-30) he Pain (Palm 32: 1), the Gospel(John 1-21) and the intercession, asin the eucharistic site. Then there ate peayes for the bapeiand and an eoloia sedis: ‘ree solemn prayers fo peace, the patiach, and the congregation) tnd the rctation of the’ eed fllow, again at in the eucharistic Tiurgy. Oilis poured ino the water (lanolin the Ethiopic, the ol of sladncs inthe Cop). Next come the grest payer forthe blessing fof the water, accompanied by inaations and consignations and fle Towed by the pouring of ch previo comecated by he p= arch) into che water while Alea s sung, ‘Baptism i by trne immersion, with the active formula. There i 2 prayer forthe deconscraton of the water. The forehead, and then the ‘whole body, i anointed with chr ("an unction of dhe grace of| the Holy Spire"); and then there i an imposition of hand with 2pee ee ee sheets Se Cri Cherie ocaind ogs rte eee acter Beta oe sel ee Seneca er oe ae oe ee ees et ee eae pees ees eset fps connie eect ao eee ae meen ee ean ee eerie ae Pere ee ae ene aoe Sen & Ici inthe two typ of sitvaton thatthe amine of wal Geis nian nats cnn fac, ts best ele. Ta Gee, frinstanet, Chriinty ase so mach parte the mato! Iisa the child fas scompaied spent in thee more oles teglaratondance st worth ad as thereby len is ath rade inthe choo of tc hergy. Th Geek cl exes ination, eo Hors of Chin teaching each weck at ay school: So he hn aye throdgour hr fein the eherch into which be ws inti one fen coo in which the Onodox Church i for whatever ‘sons sharply ding fom ss envionment members have from the begining of hei lives ben seepedin te wenip and come smal if which ae its ditinguihing us, and they ave con tinued as the Orthodox Chen they ere pie, When, thse ccumsaney iis slEevidnt ta pes wl ie hs whole lava Chetan, then therein ob def histo naon si the very begining. “There no dube, However, thatthe advance of tecnologia ciiletioniseping ay the octal puter wi whch the eo thee churches hasbeen cll amid Indy dens the Ldn Jteobie om his wilage home into rb ate and he find ims alone and severed from he conn if of hs carh The young asian Orthodox bs sabjeted to the pesirs wheter cre of sul ofatcsm by the ate: and th ston and third genctons of Orthodox immigrate the U.S.A ake an ncresing prin ore tmiform, Ameria wry of Hs the Christian vnc of the separate commits to which th thers kep grows ean les, 2nd they ny dif fo the ith altogether. The rel in Athens ad the Cyrioeshop-owne in Liverpool ke ind tha afanes ted tedoce te participation in Chron wos Some chrches are sl barely afc by tis movement, but iis clea that most ofthe Ester Charces ae bining to have ofc the same social ctor that have contorted the Weserm Churches from the a ofthe morn nde wl be interesting to ee whether the difeen thor of the chur lads them to cle the oblemson othe lin than those bythe Western Cherces. One ‘the questions which they most bring hemlet soem tne sa Western Potan, ith eight continue the naton fifa wen rows tore and more ncaa whether they wil sayin the Chart ‘Even whee de crcumsanes are most fvouable tothe growth of 38a the Chin thy the practice of adinscing tt the hd i fans atl asc all at once the various theological sues ing 1 many Deon concerning che autblityofehidenas Ys, One such ie i the relation between bap 1a pata of stn, Baptism is “unto renssion of sas” (Acts 2 Fae eee aeector that the notion of inate as embod in al sone pat inthe consolidation ofthe practice of 4o"Enoe ints origin. On the ground, however, infan bap orion of the doen of orga i, being ae tae Anode man, i le, G- Re Beaey-Meray hes original in” played ‘ at ‘unto remission of sins, there being nothing to remit. ‘ rr willing to apply the strict language of sin Augustine) ace no lon and guile before am a ana support from the psychological insights of “modern man” rec sins which the person will commit when at an age of pee makes Adams sin his own ase eri io -ral and more important issue is that of the relation be= fai owal, not of forgiveness alone, bat of any other benelit we ofthe recipient of a sacrament. The baptismal et sa er corage te coin which toponie em outline i en the Faith, ronounces Satan, and professes hi alleginee Sco faith in che Trinity—and yet they ae administered 80 to Chris and his inf ern Churches do not scem worried by di noe ti Roan any Dotan in chu Which practi at baptism: Put the Baptist position has merit atleast ino fe ab a ose tu epic ton as met ei ie to avoid a mechanical pings fom the dei te pom that they themselves must therefore demonstate a the inpnm of nas nd Hh 36 Ee Recent Protestant apologetic for infant baptism has stesed the presence of faith in the baptizing Church and in the parents or other sponsors ofthe infant baptize. Ie ie crtainly tue that every baptism ss the oceasion ofthe Church's witnessing to it igh andthe inf is certainly favoured who is born to fithfal parents and committed to people who hold themselves bound to provide foe his upbringing in fhe bith. Valableehoogh thee ideas at would neverthees ai tain, at che isk of calling forth a disparaging reference to Renaisance individoalism,® chat che ith which finally matters in relation to bap tis isthe faith ofthe very person baptized. There ae thre possible ‘ways of seeing the relation between baptism and personal faith inthe ‘ee of those baptized a nfs 1. That the infant alecady has th before bps, This isthe logical implication ofthe Eastern and Roman rites (and of Luther's Tnfoich- en) in which the questions ate decd addressed to the infant and the sponsoe replies simply as his mouthpiece, ax though dhe candidate were 2 responsible person who either was damb or did not understand the particular language ofthe rite 2. That faith given at and through baptism itself This is the theo- logical view which prevailed, for example, in Latheran orthodoxy and whichis maintained inthe Roman Catholic Chureh (Both 1 and have dificult in wiehstanding the two tests which are normally applied to fact of faith: Few modern excpotes would accept Lather’s view* thatthe leaping ofthe unborn John in Ebzabeth's wounb at ‘Mary's Visitation Luke 1:42) was biblical proof that any inne might bbe expected to respond in Gith when confonted by the Word of God; and (fom the standpoint of the Chueh’ experiene) alongside those baptize in infancy who later come to profes thee faith there mu be set both those who, though bapize, never come to this profession and also those previa unbaptized who come to faith) 5. That infants are baptized with view to their future faith. Among the earlier rites there isan isolated cae ofthis inthe Bobbio Misal (res 4.0. 700) in which the sponsoe replies “May he renounce” and ‘May be believe" There isa least a hint atthe idea inthe adds the godparents in the 1452 Buok of Connon Prayer ofthe Chutch of England, eventhough the godparents are elled upon to speak mean while inthe name ofthe child The rite proposed by the Church of England's Licurgical Commision ings retsinedtheI believe” spoken by the sponsors inthe name of the child (60 whom ce interrogations ate addresed). But many other modern Proteant services" sk the 7parcats or sponsors athe fora promive to provide sch an oping for che infant that he may cone vo prof is own ith, in churches were thisi ten there alos servic onetime conkzmton, for the pole prfesion of ath in lae year and ‘be looked oper the stan ceruina on which ac peasalegm ted aan inf completes on his par the act which ou God pa ts completed principe atthe moment of apis And, ees Chucehes where is held that tcramental grace i bestowed in i com ffemation may be anedestood a being, when aniseed atl ase ied nin et pr en pln “Tore confined in nfncy do not have thi sokmn single moment foc the poten ofthc ith; bun the Eastern Churches the Bling, ofthe Water at Epiphany at memorial of Chit Bap fod 4 anna mtn of every baptism,» and all Roman Ctl have the opporanity wo renew tht apna vows at che pacha igi ‘very Yat For ll churches, morsover, the eocact urgy os ‘epular ceasion or he profnion of th "The quction of ies and communion, however, is yt anther theologies ie eed by the adninitation of the total pate of Inston vo infin Protantchorches which bape inns ad offen thi theologians who are the mow aden ends fi rac tie, nevertheless balk che giving of communion to infants; ot i fine communion common in te Roman Church. To the cage of inconsistency, oie levelled by Bap and de sympathize agi thove who give baptism and deny communion eo inn, Cullann ‘epic by scrting thatthe cucac fr those wh ale bee “To the excion of the not-ye-believing” but he des tin et snake cer why thos who ave ox his own argue, re ep by God's gracious actin the eps given vo them a inns before they have ith, mothe Body of Chri shold oe th jst aswell pattipate inthe conning life of te Church inthe eohari bee they come wo fh An American Lateran on thc ode hand bas rgd thatthe goapel of fe grace elle fr commenion a well as bape to be given o nfs In fc, however, the whole of the Westra Church ier the ‘Wetem medicvl tefial of communion to infin: the proces By which ice communionbecsne parted rom bap and enim Yin wil be marae in the next chaper a part ofthe Boar Sry ofthe dinegration of the initaton complex * INITIATION MEDIEVAL AND WESTERN ‘Tur Roman Catholic Church an pur from the Baptist movement) the Churches ofthe Reformation alike stand heir to the development in the medieval West whereby baptism remained practised in infancy, ‘while boeh “confirmation” and fst communion ame to be adminis tered usually only aftr am interval of several year. Front this and point Western cheologias often tend towards the attitude that the Eastern Churches need to jostifythemscles fr thee practice of giving the complet initiation to inf. Granted the rghnes of infant apis, Ihoweveriistaher the West which must justify ts own diropion of the fal st of initiation which was acintly administered at single calebration, whether to adalts of to infants, What preciely ate the tdvantager of delaying “confmation” (however understood) and ‘communion in the case of those baptized in infancy? cs wah his quoi in mind ht we now exanine both hei torical development in the West (in ltargy, thology and pastoral lscipline) and also the present practice and understanding of the (Churches which inherit dat history, ‘Aso linia history, there is good docementation for baptism and the post-buptisnal ceremonies in Rome, but reconstruction of the practice in other parts of the Wes is made uncertain by considerable tgapsin the evidence and by dificules ints iuerpretaton. In ll parts ofthe West, sponsors acted forthe infants in the baptismal renuncia- tious and profession of fth, and all the ecemonicr of the ctech senate eame to be performed together immediatly before baptism. In Rome, the baptism and first pos-bapismal anointing could be performed by presbyter, but they were followed by « hand-laying (with prayer invoking the Holy’ Spirit), anointing and consgnae fon whow porate was ried wo the pop inthe rnon-Roman West, however, the liturgical history probably ran otherwise? Some churches int Gaul apparently lacked an episcopal Jnnd-laying and chrismation in the period dceetly before the Cato e 2»te oe a al ih Ordinan, ed. M.Férotin, Pais, 1904) apparently wa alley noe baptismal rites is interwoven. The major s alae se wh ate Ls wey ee oe a ee Sr eee oe in en eee S'S the usual practice everywhere, so that even for infants living in the Bishop's town the epicopal ceremonies became separated. from apes, “The practical fact ofthis ap of (in many cases) several years between ‘pes and ee episcopal aes played a large part in bringing the scholastic theolo tment of confimation with its own theology, and it became (o boo) 2 sacrament of which infants were not reckoned fit subjects. The Catechism of the Council of Trent only sct the seal on the medieval evelopment when it declared thatthe administration of confirmation war incxpedicnt before children had attained the se of reason. The severance of eommsnion rom baptism didnot proceed exactly apace with the above development. Without waiting until the bishop, bd performed che pare wich was pecullarly his according tothe spreading Roman pater of ination, presbyters gave communion diccly afer baptism to the infants they baptized in the bishop's sbrence Inthe twelfth cenary, however, the serupulous respect for the ‘schaeitic elements which accompanied the growth ofan inereasingly tealtic understanding of Chess presence in them led priest in some places to give eo infnts (who were for convenience contmunicated si ‘pei snguins only) unconseeated wine, lst misfortune should befall the consecrated clement isl; when, in the chiteenth cenery, it be- ‘ame more and more common forthe cichsrinie chalice tobe with- hed fom ee at i general ee deine of the practice of comnsani- cating bapeized infnes was accelerated; bythe end ofthe Middle Ager the practice had almost did out altogether and fist communion fad bocome securely asocated with “the years of dsretion’ All the Church that stand hee to these Wester developments have in recent yeas expecienced queionings about heir theology and practice of initiation. The mort prominent ofthe chological probes fas boon chat of the elation between bupis and conirmation. The debate inthe Church of England at ee end ofthe last cenary, in which ‘A.T. Wirgan and Darwell Stone oppoied the views of F. W, Puller and A. J Maoa, was resumed in the controvery centring on G, Dix and G.W. H. Lampe.? Dix took up the arguments of Puller and Mason and claimed that sccording to Seriprure and erly tation ‘onfiemation” the bat fof the Spi “which ‘ea’ a man to eternity and for which baptism in wate is only 2 preliminary”. Western doctrine, however, bat sak {exc a perversion, of which the introduction ofthe very word cn Fs ms to recognize these lst asthe independent siresesh saat fe ie tee te ee eats pom ea Se parted in baptism, ce eo a eae eee eee ee Eee Shai edectscar acy See eee Scene Sa ac cee ane ee oat eee nooe cal si io> on Ca aii geen aoe) ale ences a oe a ee ee tae ee Feo pre orf lolnft Se ise ee Ser oe ae Sg il i mean we peta Rs at a a ee peel eer pas Cierra {He Whi the Ergy Lope boa an Se pow tape oe Sacer oe ee ee es ee Scie ni pete aS ons cae ea ae See SoS peep eee p ee Pascal rer Iperf the “gift ofthe Spirit” may neither of them be single: and itis posible, ie ee ree ae ae 234 rout ofthe abovementioned varity, to adlace patie support {ar cach part of Leaming’s own contention tha there a gif a the Spirit nd a cla baptism, and git of the Spt and a el cone ‘mation. One is then eft dings Berwen the wo gis id be tween the wo sea Leming himself guste eal” with wht was Unter ealled charac and segues that the cofrmational character is modification or eahancoment of the bapnmal character” support of his eae for double gif ofthe Spr, Leeming points oot atthe pu writers soc the eminion af sn std gece ‘ion with the water (nd this means, dsp the Maen Pll sho 2 i of the Spit Hinslf sine neling grace involves according te Scrpeure and tadton, the indweling ofthe Holy Spi, and not simply an action on the pron from witho), whe the reception of the gis ofthe Spice connect with bearing witness the fh ‘sociated by the Fats solely with th its ae bape. “ering lion he in one ey ma oo approach tthe Roman Catlctown problem onthe tesning of conimation, swe sal se proces bu it scm any, ftinain, "We recive and welcome you to membentip of te Ghar, o share in alli pevleges snd eoponsbi.” “The charge may be lid against Method nd Congregational, that they dest fom baptiom by ung the word “memes” only jn conection ith the srvice which ie observed years late Bat my north wo Pree Chrces demand ous consideration fer the om tenon plinth iitaton rps tht, even though a peson Is been recived int Christ's lock a atin, something oc hap em whe the Christian comes to conf hi Lard sth Me wm ip? ”my be anne that “nei ofthe Chor Gad exer ne with he haps a ante (hough expan “Sem Chis lock come ery co), batt sess nt on agtable pony hewn cnkanio ois penn ela bopied en Ene bcromes ified mene of he Catch, with no dos Caton the ft athe unseat the Chee ‘The watt ofthe Method Confiencson Chch Monterip (Landon, 161) may no be atny when apes of ins of tember he Be bing contre by infant bps, the seem egining with aero ene in the commie crip of irae Cr In any chrch in which bap is admired before an age of esa confion of ith, sem to me imponible ht “Chech ‘ember shoul ban irl andrea exegry in sb ance or im pass, however rigoroaly fy) the Lather may ‘esi the miiy of Chechens apm and were Cacely the Mees or he Congregational may avatars te sod “nbsp” nt with the sri in whch one makes penonl profain of ih. ‘Apart oo the gue ofthe elton Btwn baptism and “con fiemation another samples of poblen in which deci nd pace ‘ial erands are ntrrwned, hatred from the medieval devlop- ‘meni the Wes Ar what op shuld confirmation be admitted? Aewha age should conmonion Seb given? Whats he ato sy, beeen coninton sn common? Inthe Roman Catholic Chrch confirmation and emmanion are aly rsrved for "the ag fresno the xs of dicen’ ‘Connon iota pre for commsnio, apn sci snd commenion given aon the childs conse old enh to propre frie by acer conn, ta from te ge of sbout sx or sven The ag of confirmation vate in pacice and degumens of more olen thslogil mtue bough in for of the difrenepontnon . “The French epcopats ha indicted tha contin should be sive abe the age of seve, ad French wt sppore hsb ree fice the cil ne fr sengthning nhs ith and wie expecially when hi everyday environment and even pts is ow fimo a rest dere dian. Some Eng Cathlcs Mvoctconfnaton ve or wees tha ic tent would ‘Since withhinporantanion om inary oscondary hol o [In German-speaking countries some pastoral theologians haveagued foe confirmation atthe age of going out from school to conftont the audle world. The French theologians tend to ctiticize sich attempts to “poxpone” confirmation either as smacking of a “sacrament oF puberty" (fice a pagan pater) or as depending on a misunderstanding of Thomas Aquins’s connection of confirmation with “sprinal ‘maturity in a way which places spictal development in too close 3 pcllel with physical and psychological development. Bu ie secs fir etre that, granting the rightes of infane bap- ‘sm and of carly communion (sea repeated renewal of the benef of baprsm), here is much advantage inthe de of confirmation, which in any ass fc from having a consistent history in cither theology or practice, ¢ marking an importane sage in perion’s total human ie Te may very well be argued that there is «close relationship between physical, psychological and social development on the onc hand and at lease pre “spiritual” development on the other admiting ofcourse ‘that many people who are osherwite adult suff fom arrested spi evelopment, and that ldeen may poses» faith which is perfect. ‘mature within he Limits imposed by their age dhowgh nots ih that posible to dul. Inthe Lutheran, Reformed, and Anglican traditions, admision to ‘communion is associated with confinmation. On the continent of Earope, Protestant confirmation and fist commanion usually take place at about fificen, with a whole age group being confirmed en ‘mes; bt inorder to counteract the widespread tendency fo this fist ‘communion alo to be last communion, there ae proposals in vatious ‘quarters that ist communion at leat should be administered eatice,at (Gy) ten or twelve each cil’ case being considered individually by pastor and parents, This early first communion woold be preceded by ‘sc catecheial instruction. Confirmation might also be moved for~ ‘ward to this oceasion of fist commision, or ele it might be kept for a later date, when it would mark the conclusion ofa eatechumenate to the level ofthat with which the present confirmation is leady a0 ciated or would signal the Christian's ordination to service in the Church. ‘In the Church of England Prayer Books, catechism (comprising in struction inthe Aposts' Cred, the Ten Commandments, the Locd's Prayer and the meaning of baptism and of the Lord Supp) and con ficmation have always been intimately linked; and arabic at che end ‘of te order of confirmation states that “there shall none be admitted 04. Calon (p18) Sd inhi hough 1 alphas” ney 1 Me Pl dtheteedechicte: ice a vote etm nh New Finan 1g, Clim pr pas} AT, Rekinen Category of New Testame . s (omhmnasre re eemt bh 200 Pi Lge da vent in Verb Caro 1 (1947), pp. 113-22. According to the’ Sindy nt Tec Danie at ll bapeism of the Church in Spire at Pentecost” gave the Church » tc ‘eco tr of Gann Sat ce reaching of the ‘to all creatures which “in tam = ayer tid “homind once EE IE 0. Whe mn oa 1s le pin he Fi Fe Corr ode, 1. Hoi New Tone ps OP 2 vw ke) Ry ps Way seit London, asp isnt Wo Die fe Se 1 Indi na Re Tene (A. Cereal pg pi ZS ipl dp Tn, 5Cyl Mp Ga Ako, rey Bema 18 Mo of he Ost Chace wth psn ma, hugh ined Ei te ie Woes oe ech Tae sen shoal notte based on the lence, bute eaten cranes eo isn se Jl Cp i Ca peat cg Sos rtm 36th mal ee Ha st Ee ond th Tae og en DevrnCit dl Vata no py em Wes an ‘tvidence dates only from the seventh or eighth centuries. (But see EC. ke “iy gam om ol ay 1 Ma enc are henges and cg pn ei in ken of Che's dea on esi of eek st bn eae shih ef fa nsw we On rent re od iets Pre iio ong Sor abe ay ani oe 2 Ell TanauandDenene pion ag ee Se Kies De Tage er Cy Gen Ge se toe es orth 2 Op pm Cat 4s Anes beeen 24, Introduced in 1951. = i “The One Bain ot Soilgy", Shr of Bate R. Boadey-Maray (pp. a6: Ihsenp:crt ste cam casemate eda ee are prmpnre depen oo ee [peemere rere er ee ee pial ems ieee Scena ee eee enn ee Caer eae i Bee a eee ee ee ae eet ay eter oot) a asa pennies ee ae eaten nea (eset amr mein | Sion avaco cen eaten reece eae othe gata ty spa Se tes eee eee Be eiged eth (ool epson ht ey en Srapeecse en eae HT fy Cd el gad en cael piacere samen core tare SSS Oe et wrt Cal, TheLinge lg nec el ttc coe a Bo ar Se oer ee etic aersatemeennanse Sheena cone ncenaegeitte See enon piace meee Te eg nak wi me ei ”_—_———————————— lt” Be csc ce lhe ttn teehee on and its only by devious argumentation that ths story ofthe fuse Gentile con sinner de ace oe Te eaeeetaceectae rr ee eects De eee tn sao eae pp. 336 me Tere force of kai ei@s in t: 10. Sais Santee etc Evdokimoy, 4 Teall, dain, 8 Oxge, Cm Ram. 2 Chapter 1 Theat el eition by B Bo, Talon ap Sg tet pact ni, Mae ars eh acount of tte nt nee Cheh x my ace “The Boa achat before Nees” Sil Lis 9, 3. (1) Eat Syrian wadsion knew cy one ncing and tht wa ie enn eet wernt) lee ti, Ay, Min, Spun Gal sind ang had oe sng rt sho thew ani fhe Roman pce of te Ape "ai eng eer oo sation () nth Cote Eshop nd Ea Sy cep eg oe oso of ids ceremony Stn fm tc, aah he ote {ein the Byrne, Armenian ad Wes yin fin callie ‘Wes the proms of dine handing oi mtr gsc ot aie dha? pte uence cr snd pes et meng ‘loathe meng of ncn abo sane Sac: () A wang af thane et th pater Ja a ny cued ‘nciing in in, Gl nd ican 4 Chie mong he eft, pl Talon, epi: Cio eewlem, Carles; Ambre of Mls, de rament an de pas Ape 8s oe Contin, a: I, 25; VI, os line of Eki: John yr Hn cates pins ited by A. Wenge, Pr 57 ‘heer of Mopusin, Catal Hoar sod the wing f Aegan Tt we cc ert the who tu sta i apd the at dee ofthe second entry sd the fetta Jin Narr, fering sot 10, ks nan ofthe coe wich evel eel ar deo ote te Was red nai oi rps ger an outline ofthe service coreponding ly wo a of th Apes Tele, Th Goto pas of di mrs ting td indlaying arte object of moc sedation. “Atte nage fic proximate peeraton de cecum wer cil deetRewe opto when Wats fr GGpero ate Et 2. This proxinnte preparation for ban the rg of Lee etn seller sting ne nd ple, We now foe evden the none cernoncs tok place a Alten pes Hee ck ms tai andrei of he Cred. ‘Thi my hive ben» general eaenson of he and ove hem l(t inthe pase Ronan si of corm) eh aa adr peso tech Sepp, HE of T. Man, "The ory and Signe fhe ot pial Rit” i Tei Quay 39 (9) 9 The verso reve diferene oeing the otic of the Spi’ seepi.Lampe (Te Sel of te Spin pp WEA) peed Lav ton "0 Lord God, wi dt cout thx worthy of doaving he gene ‘ins by the ver of repro of he Hay pst, end upon hes Thy ges they ny eve Tce ceding tT wl" Da peared ‘Oren "O Lord Ga who dicount the worthy of daring tee te finn bythe eof generat mak ha worthy Be fied wih “Thy Hay Sp sod sed open tc Thy gc” Bae ba now feed hi vou othe Oneal vero e pp. 3 fh Ie eon, 194) ah Ceca "The Seng a Cimon Teed Stas (9) pp 373-9. 2s Alon crcl refering othe racing ofthe sg of the ro “ella, Ad Mar 33nd De cm 1 Forth mild honey Cheat of Alcan, dana, “ean a Mor yn Dee ml Se ao Cn Ely Chest ein a oe Cred etn, 90. 170-78 72 Apa, ht om sae Boop and fw (ar “high choc) ‘Beis Bagi engeptnsn whi apm immed flowed by 2 ‘commen. 2 "3: The Coptic tnd in. M Woolley, Cope Ofer, Lodo 193 nd sional infra oan in O- HE Barmetet, The Bape ‘al Rie of th Cop Chch (A Cat Seay” im ude dea Si Arhdlgi op 1(943, Cai, 197, pp. 27-86 anda M, de soy “Les ®EE (| FT IE serene de Finition cine dans Else cote” in Previn hier) p73. The Ebpin sexed ins Gren eee tape de ron a Fg topo” a Red Pose ition (9279) p13 a The npr pens hi. 15 A lp camry on te Oil te We yin igen ic vin te been inden on cy Be Vagins Teceherr tae gan ie 16. Maleate Reman Suen aves mach gad permision forthe consiaane ofthe ancient pracice of ging er ‘Etmaon inn ines arte bpeam in Span sad pee ‘Anata guber, bower, ht the com a som pracy doo 1 Bp Now Test er. 1 ema be dha he evi of tare opt promised by he De ‘ei Vat I wl touch nhs pon: "Ran taps pron ‘opm vere tar concent (G) 19. Thi an acoso wich the Chrch of Sedan! 955 In eg lap it ne Es fer naples dar ome dl pea inc where "the endidste ina barbarian or acild”. Tas (ai Biel nde Wee sn, oh 6.18 22, Sec EC. Whinkr, “The Dept intropatns” in They 59 (939 pot. Whicker so pots ou te on 8 ‘th Sih Lier Ondnn hve te ropes“ cl chee 23, %-. Wherefore ith promi ad by Cri, int nt ho Sty ors pombe by you at hr ot one eo se apn hi el etn ev all wc ‘esl blve Gods bly Woe sd hte Lep ha commando ‘demand therefore, tend Dov in thn ofthis Chi enone. ?* ‘This et cay hows tt thereon betwee Lapin an he ith of theca wa eopneda be bem nti of nan ape nd 2 brave cpt htm man not of tne ble the be nay which Be rings dh wich pret perl (loging othe cn) no py a th acted an eso acknowl hath ld’ own bth bn sone emesis fare Bet can thre ely hoeve epi th nd of bon (“sit ‘mm promi by you..." and "Dot tho, inte mame of i il ‘omen. 7) when onal sation ext se? The cacy se to pal, ‘the eben whch commen expe the vgn at al might ae contend “tpi fr ed (1 Cer) a at romps th huge ha che mat open ove clog eke se ttre ee ene Tit Ne mp concn it dv Go hi omen ermal Berean ear See Sy ocecatamenae EES a ossecordinsacs orteniociah’ tohtpatetemec ban a ec omavcnnmen an esse area Se Seaton 5 ay hearin professo fudei, per se viderur expediens, eum Eee eee eee ee ee era eee neon peters Seo ae pei come maces Beer ane ease oot Bertie reece Bees saa omens ee : eee eo eee en cna ge teeter ore ae ee eae ares eee weal _ eee Ege Soceccseate eee Regree r are east tied to justify practice which several other denominations les thinkingly = MP. G. Brecher, “First Tings Ft: The Question of Infine Com ‘min in Un Snes 30 (1963) pp. 3-40-ail CE been whol sight of thks dt te ecu a he 3. Sce].D.C. Fer, whose reconstruction is pela: bt nondpable 4 Seeeg B. Neunhewer, Tafa Firman, Freibrs iB 36! 5. This rsticion ned nt be seen ply a pier of -aervepcey the pr ofthe epcopate served to seco that pat sou be pled the inition ceremonies by ane who wos viewed aya guano th Che ‘iy, Aleady tas of Antioch made the fllowing ropement fr de avoidance of divisions: “Let no man pfs anything peeing toe ‘Church without th bishop... eis ot permed to bpie apt me the Wop. But whatever he may approve, tu i wellplening fo Ged." (8d nym 8). The East chose another way than the Roman: pees wee llowed to administer th whole te of ition, bt wed epcopal orca Ptiarhally enscrated npr for the pos apices, {6 The Papal Decree of 1946 which empower the par pet, "exo ety mini cout in cc emg spr he depart Gan de Gra Koon oy p24 78 7. Foc the erate, se above, p16 5. Lampe’ posi cll tht contsined inthe pain words of he rye Book ("Give thy Holy Sprit to ths infin, ha he aby be bom agin.) tnd he quotes Jewel, Bartow and Beveridge among olde writers ching that he Sprit ib aramenly bestowed in bap ce The Sl of he Spt ‘epesly pp 12-19, 9. See Aric XXV ofthe XXXIX Arcs ofthe Church of Engh. 10, The Prayer Book service tals ofthc candidates ing fied and abo of their “ratifying and coring” the bapa promt ad vow. 92 on et Tein: igi en erly Spent Nee ok cucen on “ene Msc sk ie Nt cn nn seen i Sp” pnp coos Tit lhe Stim sis Sat hm 2 ey hn dic oY sear wl be gaged om the dit a Ye es Ho OY ara diya, ad (8) 70 veda Keer “a ee ar a Secs fered eh orc Sry cinta eee igen pefioise Siensty ence ae singers Dt nto fade oe Soret Ni Te est eee ise i a reo eee hoist germs See ouate ees eer en. eee ones eee ree ete eon =e Sepia SESS Geers oe 15 Prins of Sacramental Theology (and ed), London, 1960, pp. 162-233. eee ; eer ees Scan si 8 How frit cs Vote hat New Testticipation in Chuin's priesthood which is ther serect mean e flag cemented men te tisen ane , expeession in the litupical life of the Church, Ie will be hw ht tony and. Lanka de cece ate Com eee a (isis ues wna itt ripe uae nes Vege isn fina Tne ear enn eta Sila. yen pe seit i gc coe vim to rn an’ Lael Guay 2 (0) psp: © Dan Th key cee 233. Tena, Deve am, 8(PL 3 Pert PL eC pCa th 25. Cr Ma. Cat Mp Conon, VI 443 (cB. X. Fk KP 490); Theodore Ie Ca Gn (8G 57) tha Se Thome SF i settee = faves roe et eel phe ee o Lathe, ation, He shows how in the coun ofthe cet ne she efron vars ve tached! heal ores ic as fos cen io fo“ a ive avin combi $n) ction nd ccainaon nthe ith, enol omer, din to ammanion nay ine al sce, Honag of o iereion fr cise o. Thran dieu 1957) To "La Conlon” in bi volume of cay Pp sarenet Newel, 194, 9. 11-3 St She formed, C- De, “Le pie den pi one poe Jane de onan” fa En lage eles (Menpli) (er pp 20. 32 Sth Ps 2b: Dosument 16 of te Asembly. The Geman ogi hl be ed: she oGeel Erbe 4c KF), Consors Chul Pad Ko fain, Miche, 3939 Toe K fee), Zr Conia Onn der Kimani de ae ss Kien Mancha, 9 fe. Thoogh Leer wat pepred 0 cll onfematon 2 cron se wut expan Boel ot boven for Ler eed eo nic siren in he rope ems bes teed Donne tien Bue sb ned conto (Handa mery ang the "a Imenihe Cecon® bot even ed the orl" in den hein fet? ch npn of hands in te order of eofemation he Case ‘Ensayo 33- ty, Take my infoemton fm the mit widely med sevice book nF ek Conpepatonan A Bos f Seve ol ayer, ble by the ade den Pre, London, 199. 3h See Tie Bt of Os, Methods Pablsing Hou, London, 1936. (a horeagh von oe Book of fe sing dean) >, Bowyer and is sppotes veo make we of he tion of “Yorum iets jc nb So: Dito dr eps de arene 195 ‘B:Thgh they othe ely coma ad communion, te Fetch ticles fave he sald smeared y the rofsin ‘Eft abot eager ceaso pprnl sino pes ‘inn of he event rt. 12 50.¢g, von Ame (5, Soin of Heatc’ LW dosent i Sotharen ‘5. Engnh Medio and Congepioni,commnion on 9s es is dy: La Cofino de Le (Neo