KCS Chi Dan Thiet Ke San Vuot Nhip Lon PDF

Guider to Long-Span Concrete Floors CEMENT & CONCRETE
Chapter 6: Insitu concrete floor system ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
CH DN V KT CU SN B TNG VT NHP LN
Ti liu ny lc dch phn 6 ca bn gc "Guider to Long-Span Concrete Floors" c xut bn

bi Hip hi Xi mng v B tng Australia (C&CAA), trong , cc gii php sn c tng kt km
theo phm vi p dng, s gip cc k s d dng hn trong vic la chn gii php cho kt cu sn
vt nhp ln, vn ang c p dng mt cch rng ri trong thi gian gn y. Bn gc bng
ting Anh c th tm thy ti a ch c cui ti liu ny.
6. SN B TNG TI CH
6.1 Tng quan
C nhiu h thng sn b tng m ngi thit k c th la chn tha mn yu cu v kinh t v

k thut.
Theo truyn thng, sn b tng c gia cng bng ct thp, mng, hoc s dng cp ng lc
trc. Vic s dng ng sut trc (UST) trong b tng s to lc nng cn bng vi ti trng v do
gim c vng ca sn. y l li ch ln trong trng hp sn vt nhp ln v n gip loi
b vic phi cn ti vn khun vm hoc dm tit din ln.
Trong thi gian gn y, vi vic pht trin ph bin ca b tng UST, s khc nhau gia b tng
thng v b tng UST thun ty tr nn t hn. iu ny dn ti vic kt hp nhng u im v
kim sot vng, vt nt ca b tng UST vi tnh kinh t ca b tng ct thp (BTCT). V d nh,
mt gii php kinh t l kt hp gia h thng dm hoc dm bt c t thp thng v thp UST
theo mt phng v phng cn li s dng sn BTCT thng thng.
Cho d cng trnh s dng hon ton ng sut trc, vn cn phi b tr ct ct thp thng m
bo do, khng ch vt nt, v gia cng ti cc v tr neo cp.
Khong cch v v tr ca ct v tng chu lc cn la chn mang li hiu qu kinh t, cng nng
s dng, v cc yu cu khc. Trong trng hp nh a chc nng nh bi xe, thng mi v cn
h, khong cch ct s phi khc nhau i vi tng mc ch s dng, dn ti vic c th cn phi s
dng h sn chuyn hoc dm chuyn. Phng n kt cu lun cn phi c cn nhc cn thn
m bo tnh kinh t. Trc y nhp sn thng c chn trong khong 8-9m, nhng hin nay cc
khu ln hn bt u c s dng.
Vi xu hng tng chiu di vt nhp, tiu ch v cng ngy cng tr nn quan trng, do
trong thc hnh, kch thc ca sn thng c chn c la chn da vo cng hn l
bn.
KetcauSoft - Pht trin phn mm thit k kt cu Vit Nam Bin dch: Khut Trn Thanh 1
http://www.ketcausoft.com H Vit Hng
Sn vt nhp cng ln th kt cu cng c chiu cao ln, trng lng bn thn ln hn, c kh nng
xy ra vn vi rung ng v vng, v chi ph tng ln. Tuy nhin, nu so snh vi tng chi ph
ca c cng trnh th s tng chi ph ca phn sn l c th chp nhn c. Trong nhiu trng hp,
vic b sung mt s ct hoc vch c th c hiu qu ng k trong vic gim nhp ca sn. Vic b
tr ct vch cng cn m bo cng nng ca cng trnh. Do , khng phi bao gi cng c th m
bo c c v chi ph v cng nng s dng.
Vi sn nhiu nhp, c th gim chiu dy sn cc nhp pha ngoi bng cch iu chnh nhp ca
chng trong khong 75-80% nhp pha trong. Tng t, cng xn c th c s dng cn bng
vi cc nhp bn trong, nhng cn tham kho cc lu khi s dng cng xn c cp mc 4.4
(xem ti liu gc).
Cn phi lu ti cc v tr gc hoc bin ca
kt cu ni m ng x hai phng thng xuyn
xut hin (ph thuc vo cng ca dm bin v
ct) v hiu ng khng lin tc cn c xem xt
(* c th hiu l chnh cao sn).
Vi tt c h thng sn, cn xem xt cn thn ti
vic co ngt ca sn v s co ngn di tc dng
ca ng sut trc. C hai qu trnh, c bit l v
di hn, s to ra lc ng k trong sn nu n b
kha bi cc vch hoc ct cng, c bit l nu
chng c t gn hoc ti cc bin sn v song
song vi phng ng sut, iu ny c th dn n
nt ng k v cc vn khc. K thut khc
phc cc vn ny gm s dng gii chn sau,
hoc khp trt.
Mt cch la chn nhanh tit din sn l s dng
th Hnh 8. dy s b c th c la
chn t biu ring cho tng loi kt cu sn.
Lu rng t l dy sn / chiu cao dm ch nn
c s dng lm c s cho thit k chi tit.
Tt c cc biu ti mc 6.2 - 6.7 c da trn
li ct u vi nhp bng hoc gn bng nhau.
Chng c s dng chn kch thc ban u v thit k s b trc khi thc hin thit k chi tit
i vi kt cu sn c la chn. Thit k chi tit phi c thc hin ph hp vi cc quy trnh
thit k c xut ti mc 4.7.
Cc gi thit sau y c s dng trong vic phn chia cc loi sn. Ngi thit k phi m bo
rng kt cu m h ang thit k p ng cc gi thit hoc iu chnh kch thc s b ph hp
vi cc sai lnh so vi gi thit:
i vi sn c nhiu hn hoc bng 3 nhp (theo mi phng) v c cng xn cc bin, m
men v vng mi nhp gn bng nhau
i vi sn mt nhp mt u k ln vch li (core wall), mt u k ln dm bin hoc ct.
Cc vch li c gi thit l m bo cho sn lm vic nh sn nhiu nhp
Cc sn u n v t l gia cc cnh khng ln hn 2
Cc nhp khng thay i qu 25%
Cc sn u chu ti trng phn b u
Ti trng trong khong t 1.5 - 5.0 KPa; tng ng vi cc sn cn h, vn phng
Thc t th h thng sn trong nh c nhiu kch thc, hnh dng, v nhiu kiu khc nhau. C rt
nhiu loi h thng sm khc nhau nhp, chnh cao , cng xn, cc tc ng ca dm, ct, vch
ln h thng sn do vy rt kh bao qut ht cc trng hp trong mt s . Cc phn mm
my tnh hin nay c th thc hin c bi ton thit k sn, do , cn nhn mnh rng vic la
chn tit din ch mang tnh s b, cn thc hin cc bc th xc nh c cc kch thc ph
hp.
6.2. Sn nm (Flat slab)
Sn nm l h thng lm vic mt phng hoc hai

phng vi mt bn dy hn v tr ct v tng
chu lc c gi l m ct (drop panels) nh
Hnh 9. M ct ng vi tr nh dm ch T cc
v tr gi . Chng lm tng kh nng chu lc ct
v cng ca h thng sn di tc dng ca ti
trng thng ng, do lm tng tnh kinh t ca
sn. Dng kt cu ny tr nn t ph bin trong
nhng nm gn y v b gii hn bi tnh kinh t
ca nhp, trong khong 9.5m vi sn b tng v
12m vi sn ng sut trc. Sn nm c th phi
c to mt vng trng hp l (khng qu ln) m bo kim sot c vng.

Kch thc mt bng ca m ct nh nht l 1/3 nhp, v thng c lm trn mc 100mm. B
dy ca m ct thng t 1.75 ti 2 ln chiu dy ca sn, c lm trong ph hp vi vn
khun, hoc mc 25mm.
S c bit ca sn nm l mt phng bn di, d ch to ct pha v d thi cng. Chiu di nhp
kinh t (L) ca sn phng b tng ct thp sp x 28*D i vi nhp n, 32*D vi nhp bin v
36*D i vi cc nhp bn trong. Sn c UST th c th tng nhp ln ln lt l 35*D, 40*D v
45*D. Trong D l chiu dy ca sn cha bao gm m ct.
u im:
Vn khun n gin
Khng dm, khong thng thy ln khong gia cc m ct
dy kt cu nh
Thng khng yu cu ct thp chng chc thng gn ct
Nhc im:
Nhp trung bnh
C th khng ph hp vi sn c tng ngn xy gch
M ct c th gy cn tr i vi cc h thng c in c kch thc ln
Cn trnh cc h thng k thut theo phng ng ti cc v tr xung quanh ct
Vi sn nm BTCT, vng gia sn c th tng i ln
Ch :
Ch s dng chn s b kch thc sn
Hot ti 2.0 kPa i vi sn cn h, 3.0 kPa i vi
sn vn phng, v 5.0 kPa i vi khu vc hi hp
khng c gh gn c nh
Tnh ti tng ng vi tng hot ti:
- Hot ti 2.0 kPa: tnh ti cho php l 0.5 kPa
- Hot ti 3.0 kPa v 5.0 kPa: tnh ti cho php l 1.5
kPa
Ch p dng cho li ct hnh vung, v cho nhp sn
pha trong
i vi sn nm BTCT c nhp ln hn 9m, khi
vng ca di nhp b hn 1/250 chiu di nhp, tng
vng nhp gia thng vt qu 25mm
6.3. Sn phng (Flat Plate)
Sn phng l h thng chu lc theo mt hoc hai

phng c k trc tip ln ct hoc tng chu lc
nh Hnh 10. N l mt trong nhng dng kt cu sn
ph bin nht trong cc ta nh. im c bit ca loi
sn ny l chiu dy khng i hoc gn nh khng
i to ra mt phng pha di ca sn dn ti s n
gin trong vic lm ct pha v thi cng. Sn nay cho
php linh hot trong vic to vch ngn, v c th
khng cn phi s dng trn gi.
Nhp kinh t ca sn phng vi ti trng t nh ti
trung bnh thng b gii hn bi vic kim sot
vng di hn v c th cn phi to vng tng hp
l (khng qu ln) hoc s dng UST. Nhp kinh t i
vi sn phng BTCT l 6 n 8m v vi sn UST l t
8 ti 12m.
Nhp L ca sn phng BTCT xp x 28*D i vi nhp
n, 30*D i vi nhp bin v 32*D i vi nhp
trong ca sn nhiu nhp. Nhp kinh t ca sn phng
c th c tng ln nh UST, ln lt l 30*D, 37*D
v 40*D, trong D l chiu dy ca sn.
u im:
Ct pha n gin v khng gian linh hot

Khng dm, to khong thng thy ln di sn
Chiu dy kt cu nh v t gim c chiu cao tng
Nhc im:
Nhp trung bnh

Kh nng chu ti ngang hn ch
Cn c ct thp chng chc thng xung quanh ct, hoc ct cn c kch thc ln hn
Cn kim sot vng di hn
C th khng ph hp vi sn c tng ngn xy gch
Khng ph hp vi ti trng ln
Ch :
Hot ti 2.0 kPa i vi sn cn h, 3.0 kPa i vi sn
vn phng, v 5.0 kPa i vi khu vc hi hp khng c
gh gn c nh
- Hot ti 3.0 kPa v 5.0 kPa: tnh ti cho php l 1.5 kPa
Sn c coi l lm vic nh sn nhiu nhp ti v tr
vch
cc bin sn cn tng cng do khng c dm bin (theo
yu cu thm m)
Vi sn vt nhp ln, cn lng thp chng chc thng
ln cc v tr gn ct
vng cn b hn 1/250 chiu di nhp hoc 25mm
Ch :
Hot ti 2.0 kPa i vi sn cn h, 3.0 kPa i vi sn
vn phng, v 5.0 kPa i vi khu vc hi hp khng c
gh gn c nh
- Hot ti 3.0 kPa v 5.0 kPa: tnh ti cho php l 1.5 kPa
Ch p dng cho li ct hnh vung, v cho nhp sn
pha trong
vng cn b hn 1/250 chiu di nhp hoc 35mm
6.4. Sn dm
H thng ny bao gm cc dm ni gia cc ct to

thnh khung v sn nh Hnh 11. y l mt kt
cu rt truyn thng. Cc dm cao gip tng cng
ca sn v gip chng li ti trng ngang. Tuy nhin,
cng tc vn khun li phc tp hn, v gc s
dng, chiu dy tng th ca sn ln l mt nhc
im lm gim mc ph bin ca loi sn ny.
Sn dm BTCT truyn thng c nhp kinh t L l
15*D vi nhp n v 20*D vi sn nhiu nhp, trong
D l chiu dy ca sn cng vi dm. Chiu dy
ca ring bn sn thng c chn da trn t l vi
chiu di nhp nh i vi sn phng. UST thng
khng c s dng i vi dng sn ny.
u im:
L dng truyn thng

Nhp ln
Nhc im:
Kh cu to phn sn giao vi dm
Chiu dy sn ln
Chiu cao tng ln
6.5. Sn sn, sn c (Ribbed slab, waffle slab)
Sn sn bao gm cc sng c b tr vi khong cch bng nhau v thng c trc tip bi

ct nh Hnh 12. Cc sn c th ch b tr theo mt phng, gi l sn sn (ribbed slab); hoc b
tr sn theo hai phng, gi l sn c (waffle slab). Dng kt cu ny t ph bin v gi thnh ct
pha cao, v mc chng la thp. Sn 120mm yu cu sn dy ti thiu 125mm i vi sn lm
vic nhiu nhp v yu cu chng la trong 2 gi. Sn ln hn 125mm thng l b tr ct thp
chu ko v ct thp chng ct. Sn sn c th chu c ti trng t trung bnh n ln, chng c
cng ln v u im vt tri v kh nng s dng.
Chiu dy sn t 75 ti 125mm v sn
rng t 125 ti 200mm. Khong cch gia
cc sn t 600 ti 1500mm. Tng chiu
dy ca sn thng t 300 ti 600mm vi
nhp ln ti 15m vi sn BTCT, v c th
ln hn nu c UST. Vic b tr sn c
th lm gim c b tng, ct thp, v
gim c chiu trng lng ca sn.
Vic tit kim vt liu c th b li c
vi s phc tp ca vn khun v ct thp.
Bn cnh , c th gim c mc
phc tp ca vn khun bng cch s dng
cc mu ch to sn, c quy cch c
tiu chun ha; thng s dng bng cc
khun nha dng vt d dng tho lp.
Vi sn c b tr cch nhau 1200mm
tnh t tm (dng ph bin) th chiu di
nhp kinh t L ca sn BTCT sp x 15*D
vi nhp n v 22*D vi nhiu nhp,
trong D l tng chiu dy sn.
Sn mt phng c th thit k nh dm
ch T, v thng c b tr theo phng
cnh di.
Xung quanh ct v vch thng c b
tr cc bn c chng lc ct v m men.
u im:
Tit kim vt liu v gim trng lng

Vt nhp ln
Hnh thc kh tt
Kinh t nu s dng vn khun tiu chun lun chuyn c
D dang b tr cc l k thut theo phng ng xuyn qua gia cc sn
Nhc im:
Chiu dy sn gia cc sn c mc chng chy thp

Yu cu ct pha c chng
Chiu cao tng ln hn
Kh x l cc l k thut ln theo phng ng
Ch :
Hot ti 2.0 kPa i vi sn cn h, 3.0 kPa i vi
sn vn phng, v 5.0 kPa i vi khu vc hi hp
khng c gh gn c nh
- Hot ti 3.0 kPa v 5.0 kPa: tnh ti cho php l 1.5
kPa
Vi nhp n, gi thit l vn lm vic lin tc ti v
tr vch. Vi sn nhiu nhp, th ch xt cho nhp gia.
vng ca sn b hn 1/250 chiu di nhp, hoc
35mm
6.6. Sn v dm bt
Loi sn ny bao gm mt lot cc di dm song song nhau, c b rng ln, v chiu cao dm thp
(cc dm bt hoc cc di sn dy) vi bn sn nm ngang gia cc di dm nh Hnh 13. Sn
c thit k vi s dm lin tc, v cc di dm s chu hon ton ti trng t sn. Dm bt hoc
di sn dy c thit k tun theo Mc 7.5 ca tiu chun AS3600 v khng c tnh ton nh
dm thng thng, tr vic tnh ton v lc ct c th tun theo Mc 8.2 ca AS3600.
Dm bt vi nhp ln hn thng c b tr thm cp UST. Mt s trng hp c th s dng sn
lin hp b tng v vn khun tn thay th cho sn BTCT i vi cc sn c nhp khng qu
ln.
Dm bt c b rng kh ln v chiu cao tit din thp cho php lm gim chiu cao tng th ca
sn nhng vn m bo mc vt nhp ging nh sn truyn thng.
u im:
Ct pha tng i n gin

Dm bt cho php d dng b tr h
thng k thut
B dy kt cu nh v gim chiu cao
tng
Vt nhp ln
Nhc im:
Cn kim sot vng di hn , c th

phi cn ti ng sut trc
Kh x l cc h thng k thut theo
phng ng
Vi nhp n, dm bt c th c b tr trng vi ct, hoc c th b tr cc di gn hn gim
bt chiu dy ca sn. i vi sn BTCT mt nhp, chiu di nhp kinh t L ca di dm l 20*D
n ti 22*D ph thuc vo b rng v khong cch ca dm, y D l b dy ca sn cng vi
dm. Dm bt c UST c th tng chiu di nhp ln khong 24*D n 28*D. Vi sn nhiu nhp,
khong cch gia cc dm thng tun theo khong cch cc gia cc ct.
Tnh ton s b c th s dng t s gia nhp v chiu dy theo Mc 6.3. Vi cc nhp bn trong
chiu dy sn da trn khong thng thy gia cc di dm, i vi cc nhp bin, cn da vo
khong cch t tim ct n mp ngoi ca dm bin. B dy ca dm bt thng c chn t 1.5
n 2 ln b dy ca sn, v nhp kinh t ca dm bt ti thiu khong t 7-8 m.
Vi sn BTCT nhiu nhp, chiu di kinh t L ca dm xp x 22*D vi b rng di dm 1200mm v

26*D vi di dm rng 2400mm. S dng UST c th tng chiu di nhp L ln 24*D v 28*D vi
b rng dm tng ng. D l b dy ca sn cng vi dm.
Chiu di ln nht ca nhp dm BTCT thng khng nn qu 12m. Ln hn nhp ny, nn s dng
UST. B rng di sn nn trong khong 1/3 ti 1/4 khong cch cc dm, nu c th, nn da trn
modul c bn 2.4*1.2m.
Thnh dm thng c lm thng ng n gin cho vn khun, hoc c th lm nghing
tng tnh thm m hoc mun lm dm nhp cho sn.
Ch :
Hot ti 3.0 kPa i vi sn vn phng, v 5.0 kPa i
vi khu vc hi hp khng c gh gn c nh
Tnh ti tng ng vi hot ti 3.0 kPa v 5.0 kPa:
tnh ti cho php l 1.5 kPa
35mm
Ch :
35mm
Ch :
35mm
Bn gc bng ting Anh ca ti liu ny cn gii thiu thm cc gii php sn UST, sn c chn xp,
sn bn lp ghp v.v... Ngi c c th download theo link:
http://www.ketcausoft.com/forum/attachment.php?aid=1828
Hy vng bn dch ny c ch cho cc bn.
Thay mt nhm dch
H Vit Hng

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Guider to Long-Span Concrete Floors CEMENT & CONCRETE

Chapter 6: Insitu concrete floor system ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA

Ti liu ny lc dch phn 6 ca bn gc "Guider to Long-Span Concrete Floors" c xut bn

6.1 Tng quan

C nhiu h thng sn b tng m ngi thit k c th la chn tha mn yu cu v kinh t v

6.2. Sn nm (Flat slab)

Sn nm l h thng lm vic mt phng hoc hai

c to mt vng trng hp l (khng qu ln) m bo kim sot c vng.

6.3. Sn phng (Flat Plate)

Sn phng l h thng chu lc theo mt hoc hai

Ct pha n gin v khng gian linh hot

Nhp trung bnh

H thng ny bao gm cc dm ni gia cc ct to

L dng truyn thng

6.5. Sn sn, sn c (Ribbed slab, waffle slab)

Sn sn bao gm cc sng c b tr vi khong cch bng nhau v thng c trc tip bi

Tit kim vt liu v gim trng lng

Chiu dy sn gia cc sn c mc chng chy thp

Ct pha tng i n gin

Cn kim sot vng di hn , c th

Vi sn BTCT nhiu nhp, chiu di kinh t L ca dm xp x 22*D vi b rng di dm 1200mm v

Hy vng bn dch ny c ch cho cc bn.

Thay mt nhm dch

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