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    Elastic Stability Timoshenko

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    Elastic Stability Timoshenko

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    4 views5 pages

    Elastic Stability

    Uploaded by

    JaredSagaga
    Elastic Stability Timoshenko

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 5
    16 ‘THMORY OF ELASTIC STABILITY ‘For & bar with hinged ends (Pig. 2438), by substituting 4/2 for fy and 1/2 for t : 220) ‘Comparison ofthe results obtained from Eq, (2-60) with values of m from Table 2-10 ‘howe thet this approximate eoluton gives very aatiafactory result ifthe rato T/T fs not very lange. Taking, for instance, 1y/fy = 04 and oft = 02 and 06, ‘we obtain from Eq. (2-60) m= 6.14 acd 861, respectively, instead of the numbers 4500 and 8.51, as given in Table 210, whichis suficiently acurate forall practical orposes.* "This sume procedure can bo used fr bar consisting of several portions of diferent eroatsections. In ach cases addtional integrals appear in Eq. (), one for each portion of the bar, But thee integrals are readily evaluated numerically. "The use ofthe method of mucoesive approximations for buckling problems of this type is decribed in the next article. 2.16, The Determination of Critical Loads by Successive Approxima- tions, The method of successive approximations is used to determine critical loads in eases where the exact solution is unknown or very eom- plicated. Whereas the energy method always gives a value for the critical load which is higher than the true value (see p. 90), the method of successive approximations provides a means of obtaining both lower and upper bounds to the critical load. Thus the accuracy of the approximate solution is known, and the suocessive approximation procedure can be ‘continued until the desired accuracy is obtained. ‘In the determination of eritieal buckling loads by this method, a deflee- tion curve for the buokled bar is first assumed. Based upon these assumed deflections, the bending moments in the bar are calculated in terms of the axial foree P. ‘Then, knowing the bending moments, we ean determine the deflections of the bar by any of the standard methods of strength of materials, such as the conjugate-beam method or double- intogration method. ‘Equating the originally assumed deflections to the latter values gives an equation from which the critical load is calculated. ‘This process is now repeated, using the final set of deflections from the first calculations a2 a new approximation to the true values. The result of this second approximation will be another equation for the critical load, giving a more accurate value than the first equation. ‘The process is continued until there is very little difference between the assumed and calculated deflections, in which caso the critieal load is nearly exact. ‘The assumed deflections and the corresponding calculated values can bbe equated at any point along the axis of the bar in obtaining the equation {or the critical load, ‘The lowest value of the critical load found in this + Golution of several examples of this kind can bé found in the book by H Elwits, “Dig Leb von der Knickfongheit” vol. 4, p. 222, Dosseldorf, 1918 BLASTIC BUCKLING OF BARS AND FRAMES ur ‘way represents a lower limit, and the highest value represents an upper limit. ‘Thus, at each step of the calculations the critical load is known to be within certain limits. A more accurate value of the critical load is obtained by using average values of the deflections, as will be shown in. the examples to follow." In order to illustrate the method of successive approximations, we shall begin with the simple ease of a bar with hinged ends (Fig. 2-440) for o Fro, 244 which the exact solution is known, Asa first approximation, assume that, the deflection curve for the buekled bar is a parabola: wat») @ ‘This equation gives an assumed defiection curve which has zero valueat, the ends and maximum deflection at the center equal to &. The bending. ‘moment at any section of the bar is Mf, = Pys, and the deflection caused by these moments can be found readily by the conjugate-beam method.* ‘The conjugate deam is shown in Fig. 244 and is considered to be "The procedure for determining ertial loud described in this article ia equivalent to an intogration by anccesive approximations of the diferential equation for buckled bar. This method of solving difeentil equations hes been used widely. Tt vas originated by ll. A. Schwarz, “Gesemmelto Werke," vol. 1, pp. 241-265. See slo P. Funk, Mat, Haptereinesdevt, Ingr. Tchecholowati, Nos. 21 and 22, Bruna, 1931, The application ofthe method to buckling problems is due to P. Engessr, 2. Guer. Inge. . Archilek. Verines, 1903. "The graphical method ia due to L. Vianello,Z. Ver. dus Ingr, vol. 42, . 1486, 1898. A mathomatical prof of the convengonoe of the methed was given by E. TreSts, Z. Angas. Math. Mec. vol. 3, 'p. 272, 1025; ste slso the book by A. Schleusner, “Zar Konvergens des Kngessor ‘Viaucllo-Verfabrens," Berlin, 1988. * See, for exampls, Timoshenko, “Strength of Materials,” 3d ed, part I,p. 185, D. ‘Van Nostrand Company, Ine, Prineton, NJ, 1965. 8 ‘THEORY OF ELASTIC STABILITY Ioaded with the fictitious load M;/EI. ‘The desired deflections are numerically equal to the bending moments in the conjugate beam. ‘The fictitious reactions of the conjugate beam are in © R= i and the bonding moment st any section 2 is Rar [CRP 2a © Substituting Eqs. (a) and (6) into expression (@), we find the second approximation for the deflection to be Paz (, _ det, we > Bhe (1- 3 +B) ® ‘he ete loa i found by equating the deletion ys and th dale tion. at some nection along the beam, For example, atthe ouater of the beam we have Wdmin = Gein = = Her © ‘and equating these expressions gives hich is about 2.7 per cent emaller than the true critical load. ‘To obtain ‘a more seourate result, we can calculate average values of the deflections ya and ys a8 follows: onan} [nse es PP n=} [ines = Fer 282) Equating the average values of yx and ys gives 108r Pee which is about 1.8 per eent higher than the correct value. Finally, ifit is desired to determine upper and lower bounds on P., we need to find the ‘maximum and minimum values of the ratio y:/y» From Eqs, (a) and @ we obtain vs ET d= 2) _ we PP B+ LASTIO BUCKLING OF BARS AND FRAMES 19 which hase maximum value at-2-=-O-aud a minimum value at z = 1/2. ‘The successive approximation cycle can now be repeated, using t+ from Eq. (€) a the assumed deflection. This expression can be written in the forma v= He (3248) where 5, equals the deflection at the center of the bar [sce Hq. (¢)|. ‘The bending moment in the bar (Fig. 2-44a) is then Pys, and the load on the ‘conjugate beam is M,/ET = Pyx/EI. Calculating the fictitious bending ‘moments in the conjugate beam gives the third approximation for the deflection a8 BPPb (gz _ 524, gz 2 n= eer (94-5 +37 -F) Equating the deflections y: and ys at the center of the boam gives ip = OPP "= SOOT from which P= SS308E which in about 035 percent below the corect value, I che average als of and save equated, we nd that sear - sich is approxinaily 0.12 percent above the tue value, The ratio of the deflections is mu Pe = Determining marimum and minimum values of this ratio leads to the sae 10EI

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