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Const
Euro = 6.55957 ;
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Base = 100 ;
Touche = a ;
Message = My name is Bond, James Bond !
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var
a, b, c : REAL ; { dfinit 3 variables de type rel }
x, n, toto : INTEGER ; { dfinit 3 variables de type entier }

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c := 'a' ;
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var c : char ; { Dfinition d'une variable char }

i, j : integer ; { Dfinition de deux variables int }
f : real ; { Dfinition d'une variable float }
begin
c := 'Z' ; { c reoit le caractre 'Z' dont le code ASCII est 90 }
i := 1 ; { la variable i prend la valeur 1 }
c := 'A' ; { c prend la nouvelle valeur : le caractre 'A' }
j := i ; { la variable j reoit la valeur de la variable i donc 1 }
f := -3.14 ; { la variable f prend comme valeur -3.14 }
end.
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program ... ; { en-tte du programme}*
uses ... ; { Utilisation des units / bibliothques }*

const ... ; { Dclaration des constantes }*
type ... ; { Dclaration des types }*
var ... ; { Dclaration des variables}*
procedure ... ; { dfinition des procdures }*

function ... ; { dfinition des fonctions }*
begin { programme principal : OBLIGATOIRE }

instruction ;
...
end. {fin de programme }
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Write(Bonjour) ;
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a := 2+3 ;
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Rsultat de laffichage :
pi := 3.14159 ;
writeln(pi); 3.141590000E+00
writeln(pi:20); 3.141590000E+00
writeln(pi:0); 3.1E+00

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Rsultat de laffichage :
pi := 3.14159 ;
writeln(pi); 3.141590000E+00
writeln(pi:20:5); 3.14159
writeln(pi:0:4); 3.1416
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Write(Entrez un nombre entier : ) ;
Readln(a) ;
Writeln(vous avez entr la nombre ,a) ;
Write(Entrez 3 nombre rels : ) ;
Readln(b,c,d) ;
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C := readkey ; { lit une touche au clavier }
C := upcase(readkey) ; { lit une touche au clavier et si
cest une minuscule, elle sera
convertie en majuscule }

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a > 0 Ecrire
votre nombre est positif
Program exemple_test ;
Uses Crt ;
Var a : INTEGER ;
begin
write(entrez un nombre entier : ) ;
readln(a) ;
if a > 0
then writeln(Votre nombre est positif) ;
end.

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then
begin
instruction_1 ; cond
...
instruction_N ; Instruction_1 Instruction_N
end ;
Program exemple_test_2 ;
Uses Crt ;
Var a : INTEGER ;
b : real ;
begin
readln(a) ;
if a <> 0
then
begin
b := 1 / a ;
writeln(linverse de a est : , b) ;
end ;
end.
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instruction_Bn ;
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Exemple_test_alternative
Ecrire
entrez un nombre entier Lire a VL
a > 0
Ecrire
votre nombre est ngatif
Ecrire
votre nombre est positif
Program exemple_test_alternative ;
Uses Crt ;
Var a : INTEGER ;
begin
readln(a) ;
if a > 0
then writeln(Votre nombre est positif)
else writeln(Votre nombre est ngatif) ;
end.
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etiquette_n : instruction_n ;
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autre_instruction ;
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Ecrire
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a
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voyelle Majuscule dopration
Program exemple_tests_multiples ;
Uses Crt ;
Var a : CHAR ;
begin
write(Tapez une touche: ) ;
a := readkey ;
case a of
0 : writeln(Touche 0 ) ;
1..9 : writeln(Touche 1 9) ;
a,e,i,o,u,y : writeln(voyelle) ;
A..Z : writeln(lettre majuscule) ;
-,+,*,/,= : writeln(symbole dopration) ;
else
writeln(autre touche) ;
end ;
end.
Program exemple_tests_multiples_sans_else ;
Uses Crt ;
Var x : INTEGER ;
begin
write(Entrer un nombre entier : ) ;
readln(x)
case x of
0 : writeln(vous avez entrez 0) ;
1..100 : writeln(vous avez entrez un nombre entre 1 et 100) ;
end ;
end.

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var a : integer ;
begin
a := -4 ;
while a <> 0 do
begin
write(a, ; ); Rsultat :
a := a + 1 ; -4 ; -3 ; -2 ; -1
end ;
end.
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Exemple_repetition_entiere
Ecrire Entrez un Ecrire som

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i : 0 n som som + i*(i+1)/2
Program exemple_repetition_entiere ;
Uses Crt ;
Var i,n : INTEGER ;

Som : REAL ;
begin
write(Entrez un nombre entier > 0 : ) ;
readln(n) ;
som := 0 ;
for i:=0 to n do som := som + i*(i+1)/2 ;
writeln(la somme vaut : ,som) ;
end.

Exemple_repetition_entiere_2
Ecrire Entrez la
table apprendre
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result i * table
Program exemple_repetition_entiere_2 ;
Uses Crt ;
Var result, table : INTEGER ;
begin
write(Entrez la table apprendre : ) ;
readln(table) ;
result := 0 ;
for i:=0 to 10 do
begin
result := i * table ;
writeln(i, * ,table, = ,result) ;
end ;
end.
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instruction_N ;
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Program essai ;
var x : integer ;
begin
x := 10 ;
repeat
write(x); (* affichage des nombres de 10 1 *)
x := x-1 ;
until x=0 ;
end.
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J : array[a..z] of real ;
k : array[-8..2]of integer ;
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var v : array[1..5] of integer ;
begin
v[1]:= 0 ;
v[2]:= 0 ;
v[3]:= 0 ;
v[4]:= 0 ;
v[5]:= 0 ;
end.
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var v : array[1..5] of integer ;
k : integer ;
begin
for k := 1 to 5 do
v[k] := 0 ;
end.
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var v : array[0..2,0..3] of integer ;
begin
v[0,0]:= 0 ;
v[0,1]:= 0 ;
v[0,2]:= 0 ;
v[0,3]:= 0 ;
v[1,0]:= 0 ;
...
end.

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i,j : integer ;
begin
for i := 0 to 2 do
for j := 0 to 3 do
v[i,j] := 0 ;
...
end.
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Program exemple ;

i,j : integer ;
begin
(* Cette boucle permet de remplir les lments du tableau *)
for i:= 0 to 2 do { lignes }

for j:= 0 to 3 do { colonnes }
readln(v[i,j]);
(* Afficher les valeurs sur trois lignes et quatre colonnes *)
for i:=0 to 2 do { lignes }

begin
for j:= 0 to 3 do { colonnes }
write(k[i,j]:5);
writeln;
end ;
end.
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var
S: String[4];
begin
S := ;
Write(S) ; { rien nest affich : la chane est vide }
S := toto ;
S[1] := m ;
Write(S) ; { la chane de caractre contient moto }
end.
var
S: String;
begin
S := 'Honest Lincoln';
Insert('Abe ', S, 8); { S contient Honest Abe Lincoln }
end.
var S: String;
begin
S := 'ABCDEF';
S := Copy(S, 2, 3); { S contient BCD }
end.
var
S: String;
begin
S := Concat('ABC', 'DEF'); { S contient ABCDE }
end.
var S: String;
begin
S := ' 123.5';
{ Convertit les espaces en zros }
while Pos( , S) > 0 do
S[Pos( , S)] := 0;
end.
---------------
var
S: String;
begin
Readln (S);
Writeln(", S,");
Writeln(longueur de la chane = , Length(S));
end.

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Program agenda ;
Uses crt ;
Type personne = record

Nom : string[15] ;
Prenom : string[15] ;
age : integer ;
solde : real ;
sincere : boolean ;
end ;
var x : personne ;
...
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x.nom := De Wyliers ;
x.prenom := Carnage Mazamet ;
x.age := 33 ;
x.solde := -3200.45 ;
x.sincere := false ;

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Const PI = 3.14 ; UN = 1 ; DIX = 10 ;

TVA = 0.196 ; Taux = 19.6E-2 ;
Souligne = -------- ;
titre = rsultats ;
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type
Day = (Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri, Sat);
CharSet = set of Char;
Digits = set of 0..9;
Days = set of Day;
Printemps = (Mars,avril,mai,juin) ;
Longueurmois = 0..31 ;
Lettremajus = A..Z ;
Age = 0..120 ;
Var jour : day ;

alpha : lettremajus ;
age_personne : age ;

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begin
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begin
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Function cube( x : real ) : real ;
begin
cube := x * x * x ;
end ;
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Paramtre formel de la fonction cube

function cube(x:real) : real ;
begin
cube := x * x * x;
end
Transmission du paramtre
{ programme principale } effectif au paramtre formel
X prend la valeur 2.0
begin
...
v := cube(2.0) ;
...
Paramtre effectif de la fonction cube
end.
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Program calcul_volume_cube ;
Var
e : real ; (* longueur de l'arte du cube *)
volume : real ;
{ ----------------------- fonction cube ------------------------------ }
Function cube(x :real) : real ;
begin
cube := x * x * x ;
end ;
{ ----------------------- programme principal ------------------------- }
begin
write(Longueur de l'arte : );
readln(e) ;
volume := cube(e); { Appel de la fonction 'cube' et affectation de }
{ la valeur retourne la variable 'volume' }
writeln(Le volume du cube est : , volume);
end.

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{ Programme calculant le volume dun paralllpipde }
program para ;
Var
long, larg, haut : real ;
volume : real ;
{ ----------------------- fonction cube ------------------------------ }
Function parallel( x, y, z : real) : real ;
begin
parallel := x * y * z ;
end ;
begin
write(Longueur, largeur, hauteur : );
readln(long, larg, haut) ;
volume := parallel(long,larg,haut) ; { Appel de la fonction }
writeln(Le volume du paralllpipde est : , volume);
end.
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Program calcul_volume_cube_version_2 ;
Var volume : real ;
{ ----------------------- fonction cube ------------------------------ }
Function cube : real ;
Var e : real ;
begin
readln(e) ;
cube := e * e * e ;
end ;
begin
volume := cube ; { Appel de la fonction 'cube' et affectation de }
{ la valeur retourne la variable 'volume' }
end.

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{ Programme calculant le volume dun paralllpipde }
program para2 ;
Var
long, larg, haut : real ;
volume : real ;
{ ----------------------- procedure cube ------------------------------ }
procedure parallel( x, y, z : real) ;
begin
volume := x * y * z ;
end ;
begin
write(Longueur, largeur, hauteur : );
readln(long, larg, haut) ; { saisie multiples : 3 mthodes voir ! }
parallel ; { appel de la procedure }
writeln(Le volume du paralllpipde est : , volume);
end.
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Program calcul_volume_cube_version_2_bis ;
Var volume : real ;
{ ----------------------- fonction cube ------------------------------ }
procedure cube ;
Var e : real ;
begin
readln(e) ;
volume := e * e * e ;
end ;
begin
cube ; { Appel de la procedure 'cube' }
end.

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Program exemple ;
Uses crt ;
Var v : real ;
function first : real ; forward ; { dclaration globale }

function second(x :real) : real ; forward ; { des fonctions }
{ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- }
function first ; { dfinition de la fonction 'first' }
var e : real ;
begin
write(Arte ? );
readln(e);
first := second(e) ; (* appel de la fonction 'second' *)
end ;
{ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- }
function second ; { dfinition de la fonction 'second' }
begin
second := x*x*x ;
end ;
{ ---------- programme principal ------------------ }
begin
v := first ;
write(Volume = ,v) ;
end.

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Program Variable_1 ;
Uses Crt ;
Var i, j : INTEGER ;
k : CHAR ;
{ -------------------------- }
Procedure Fait ( a : INTEGER ) ;
Begin Rsultat de laffichage:

j := a + 1 ;
a := a * 2 ;
k := pred(k) ; 5 9 B
Writeln( a , i, j , k ); 10 5 6 A
j := j 1 ; 5 5 A
End ;
{ ------------------------------ }
Begin
i := 5 ; j := 9 ; k := B ;
Writeln( i , j , k );
Fait(i) ;
Writeln( i , j , k );
End.
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Program Variable_1 ; Program Variable_2 ;
Uses Crt ; Uses Crt ;
Var a, b : INTEGER ; Var a, b : INTEGER ;
{ -------------------------- } { -------------------------- }
Procedure calc2 ( x : INTEGER ) ; Procedure calc2 (var x:INTEGER ) ;
Var y : INTEGER ; Var y : INTEGER ;
Begin Begin
y := x * x ; y := x * x ;
Writeln(x,y) ; Writeln(x,y) ;
x := x + 1 ; x := x + 1 ;
y := y + 1 ; y := y + 1 ;
End ; End ;
{ ------------------------------ } { ------------------------------ }
Begin Begin
a := 7 ; a := 7 ;
b := 3 ; b := 3 ;
Writeln(a,b); Writeln(a,b);
Calc2 (a); Calc2 (a);
Writeln(a,b); Writeln(a,b);
End. End.
Rsultat de laffichage: Rsultat de laffichage:
7 3 7 3
7 49 7 49
7 3 8 3
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Program factoriel ;
Uses crt ;
Var nombre, resultat : integer ;
Function fact ( n : integer ) : integer ;
Begin
If n > 1
then fact := n * fact(n-1)
else fact := 1 ;
End ;
{ ** programme principal ** }
Begin
Write(entrer un entier : ) ;
Readln(nombre) ;
Resultat := fact(nombre) ;
Writeln(nombre, ! = ,resultat) ;
End.
Essai avec n = 5 :
Fact := 5 * fact(4)
Fact := 4 * fact(3)
Fact := 3 * fact(2)
Fact := 2 * fact(1)
Fact := 1
Fact = 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5

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Rsum :
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Le type record et la dclaration dun fichier
type
coord = record
nom : string ;
prenom : string ;
age : integer ;
tel : string ;
end ;
var
personne : coord ;
f : file of coord ; { fichier denregistrement }
g : text ; { fichier de caractres (file of char) }
Cration d'un fichier

Attention, si celui-ci existe, il est cras.
Begin
assign(f,'toto.dat');
rewrite(f);
close(f);
end ;
Ouverture d'un fichier

condition quil se trouve dans le rpertoire courant, sinon
le chemin doit tre spcifi du style : C:\DOCS\TOTO.DAT
begin
assign(f,'C:\docs\toto.dat');
reset(f); { Le pointeur de fichier se positionne }
... { automatiquement sur lenregistrement 0 }
close(f);
end ;

Ouverture d'un fichier (2) avec test dexistence
La condition dexistence est ici teste
begin
{$i-} reset(f) {$i+};
if ioresult <> 0 then write(le fichier est absent) ;
...
close(f);
end ;
Ecriture dans un fichier
begin
reset(f); { le pointeur de fichier se positionne 0 }
personne.nom := 'DUBOIS'
personne.prenom := 'David'
personne.tel := '00.00.00.00.00'
write(f,personne) { aprs cette instruction, le pointeur de fichier
s'incrmente automatiquement de 1 }
...
close(f);
end ;
Lecture d'un fichier
begin
reset(f); { le pointeur de fichier se positionne 0 }
read(f,personne) { aprs cette instruction, le pointeur de
fichier
s'incrmente automatiquement de 1 }
write('nom : ', personne.nom) ;
...
close(f);
end ;
fonctions et procdures utilisables avec le traitement de fichier
eof(f) :
fonction qui renvoie le boolen TRUE si le pointeur est en fin de

fichier sinon renvoie FALSE
filesize(f) :
fonction qui renvoie un entier donnant le nombre d'enregistrement du

fichier
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program ... ; { Tte du programme }
uses ... ; { Utilisation des bibliothques }

const ... ; { Dclaration des constantes }
type ... ; { Dclaration des types }
var ... ; { Dclaration des variables}
procedure ... ; { Procdures }

function ... ; { Fonctions }
begin { programme principal }

instruction ;
...
end. {fin de programme }
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procedure NomdelaProcdure ( paramtre1 ; ... )
var nomdevariable : typedevariable ; { dclaration facultative }
begin
instruction ;
...
end;
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function NomdelaFonction ( paramtre1 ; ... ) : typedevariable ;
var nomdevariable : typedevariable ; { dclaration facultative }
begin
instruction ;
...
end;

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exemple 1 : procedure calcul (x : integer ; y : real ) ;
begin
... ;
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end
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exemple 2 : procedure calcul( var x : integer ; y : real ) ;

begin
... ;
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end SURFpGXUH HW FHWWH PRGLILFDWLRQ DIIHFWHUD OD
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Program calcul_interet_simple ;
Uses Crt ;
Const euro = 6.55957 ;
Var c,t,i : Real ;

d : Integer ;
touche : Char ;
{ --- calcul de l'interet -------------------------------------- }
function calcul_i ( capital : Real; duree : integer; taux : real ) :

real ;
Var interet : Real ;
begin
interet := capital * taux / 100 ;
interet := interet * duree / 12 ; { formule arrondie : I=C*t*d/12 }
calcul_i := interet ;
end;
{ --- saisie des nombres ----------- }
procedure saisie ;
begin
clrscr ;
write('Entrez le capital : ');
readln(c);
write('Entrez la duree de placement (en mois): ');
readln(d);
write('Entrez le taux de placement : ');
readln(t);
end;

{ ------------ programme principal ------------------------------- }
begin
repeat
saisie ;
i := calcul_i(c,d,t);
writeln('les interets seront de : ',i,' F');
writeln('ce qui quivaut en Euro : ',i*euro) ;
writeln('Voulez-vous faire un autre calcul (O/N) ? :') ;
repeat
touche := upcase(readkey);
until touche ='N' ;
clrscr ;
end.
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absolute exports label Resident

and external library set
array far mod shl
asm file near shr
assembler for nil string
begin forward not then
case function object to
const goto of type
constructor if or unit
destructor implementation packed until
div in private uses
do index procedure var
downto inherited program virtual
else inline public while
end interface record with
export interrupt repeat xor
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AssignCrt GotoXY NormVideo TextColor

ClrEol HighVideo NoSound TextMode
ClrScr InsLine ReadKey WhereX
Delay KeyPressed Sound WhereY
DelLine LowVideo TextBackground
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DiskFree FindNext GetIntVec PackTime SetVerify

DiskSize FSearch GetTime SetCBreak SwapVectors
DosExitCode Fsplit GetVerify SetDate UnpackTime
DosVersion GetCBreak Intr SetFAttr
Exec GetDate Keep SetFTime
FExpand GetFAttr line SetIntVec
FindFirst GetFTime MsDos SetTime

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Arc GetFillSettins ImageSize SetAllPalette

Bar GetGraphMode InitGraph SetAspectRatio
Bar3D GetImage InstallUserDriver SetBkColor
Circle GetLineSettings InstallUserFont SetColor
ClearDevice GetMaxColor Line SetFillPattern
ClearViewPort GetMaxMode LineRel SetFillStyle
CloseGraph GetMaxX LineTo SetGraphBufSize
DetectGraph GetMaxY MoveRel SetGraphMode
Drawpoly GetModeName MoveTo SetLineStyle
Ellipse GetModeRange OutText SetPalette
FillEllipse GetPalette OutTextXY SetRGBPalette
FillPoly GetPaletteSize PieSlice SetTextJustify
FloodFill GetPixel PutImage SetTextStyle
GetArcCoords GetTextSettings PutPixel SetUserCharSize
GetAspectRatio GetViewSettings Rectangle SetViewPort
GetBkColor GetX RegisterBGIdriver SetVisualPage
GetColor GetY RegisterBGIfont SetWriteMode
GetDefaultPalette GraphDefaults RestoreCrtMode TextHeight
GetDriverName GraphErrorMsg Sector TextWidth
GetFillPattern GraphResult SetActivePage
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Tableau : ARRAY[...] of ... ;
Enregistrement: RECORD...END;
Ensemble: SET OF... ;
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byte : 0..255 (8 bits non sign)
shortint: -128..127 (8 bits sign)
word: 0..65535 (16 bits non sign)
integer: -32768..32767 (16 bits sign)
longint: -2147483648..2147486647 (32 bits sign)
real: 2.9e-39..1.7e38 (64 bits sign) 11-12 chiffres
double 5.0e-324..1.7e308 15 chiffres
boolean : boolen qui vaut true ou False

file...of : fichier de...
string : chane de caractre (maximum 255)
string[num] : chane de caractre de longueur num
char : caractre (les 256 caractres ASCII)
pointer : pointeur ;

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Const
Euro = 6.55957 ;
Com1 = $3f8 ; { valeur hexadcimale }
Type
Lettres = set of 'A'..'Z';
Coord = record
Nom : string[15];
Prenom : string[15];
Age: byte ;
Remarque : string;
End;
Var
Ok : boolean ;
x,y : real ;
maj : lettres ;
i,j,k: integer ;
agenda : file of coord ;
personne : coord ;
c : Char;
chaine : string ;
vecteur1 : array[1..10] of real ;
coule : array[1..10,'a'..'j'] of boolean ;

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DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR
0 00 NULL 32 20 64 40 @ 96 60 '
1 01 SOH 33 21 ! 65 41 A 97 61 a
2 02 STX 34 22 " 66 42 B 98 62 b
3 03 ETX 35 23 # 67 43 C 99 63 c
4 04 EOT 36 24 $ 68 44 D 100 64 d
5 05 ENQ 37 25 % 69 45 E 101 65 e
6 06 ACK 38 26 & 70 46 F 102 66 f
7 07 BEL 39 27 ' 71 47 G 103 67 g
8 08 BS 40 28 ( 72 48 H 104 68 h
9 09 TAB 41 29 ) 73 49 I 105 69 i
10 0A LF 42 2A * 74 4A J 106 6A j
11 0B VT 43 2B + 75 4B K 107 6B k
12 0C FF
44 2C , 76 4C L 108 6C l
13 0D CR 45 2D - 77 4D M 109 6D m
14 0E SO 46 2E . 78 4E N 110 6E n
15 0F SI 47 2F / 79 4F O 111 6F o
16 10 DLE 48 30 0 80 50 P 112 70 p
17 11 DC1 49 31 1 81 51 Q 113 71 q
18 12 DC2 50 32 2 82 52 R 114 72 r
19 13 DC3 51 33 3 83 53 S 115 73 s
20 14 DC4 52 34 4 84 54 T 116 74 t
21 15 NAK 53 35 5 85 55 U 117 75 u
22 16 SYN 54 36 6 86 56 V 118 76 v
23 17 ETB 55 37 7 87 57 W 119 77 w
24 18 CAN 56 38 8 88 58 X 120 78 x
25 19 EM 57 39 9 89 59 Y 121 79 y
26 1A SUB 58 3A : 90 5A Z 122 7A z
27 1B ESC 59 3B ; 91 5B [ 123 7B {
28 1C FS 60 3C < 92 5C \ 124 7C |
29 1D GS 61 3D = 93 5D ] 125 7D }
30 1E RS 62 3E > 94 5E ^ 126 7E ~
31 1F US 63 3F ? 95 5F _ 127 7F
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DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR DEC HEX CHAR
128 80 160 A0 192 C0 224 E0

129 81 161 A1 193 C1 225 E1

130 82 162 A2 194 C2 226 E2

131 83 163 A3 195 C3 227 E3

132 84 164 A4 196 C4 228 E4
133 85 165 A5 197 C5 229 E5
134 86 166 A6 198 C6 230 E6
135 87 167 A7 199 C7 231 E7
136 88 168 A8 200 C8
232 E8
137 89 169 A9 201 C9 233 E9
138 8A 170 AA 202 CA 234 EA
139 8B 171 AB 203 CB 235 EB
140 8C 172 AC 204 CC 236 EC
141 8D 173 AD 205 CD 237 ED
142 8E 174 AE 206 CE 238 EE
143 8F 175 AF 207 CF 239 EF
144 90 176 B0 208 D0 240 F0
145 91 177 B1 209 D1 241 F1
146 92 178 B2 210 D2 242 F2
147 93 179 B3 211 D3 243 F3
148 94 180 B4 212 D4 244 F4
149 95 181 B5 213 D5 245 F5
150 96 182 B6 214 D6 246 F6
151 97 183 B7 ! 215 D7 " 247 F7
152 98 184 B8 # 216 D8 $ 248 F8
153 99 185 B9 % 217 D9 & 249 F9
154 9A 186 BA ' 218 DA ( 250 FA
155 9B 187 BB ) 219 DB * 251 FB
156 9C 188 BC + 220 DC , 252 FC -
157 9D 189 BD . 221 DD / 253 FD

158 9E 190 BE 0 222 DE 1 254 FE 2
159 9F 191 BF 3 223 DF 4 255 FF
'(& 'pFLPDO +(; +H[DGpFLPDO &+$5 &DUDFWqUH

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