You are on page 1of 6

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV

Next State Output


520EDVHG 'HVLJQ Present State X=0 X=1 X=0 X=1
([DPSOH %&' WR ([FHVV  6HULDO &RQYHUWHU S0 S1 S2 1 0
S1 6WDWH 7UDQVLWLRQ 7DEOH
S3 S4 1 0
S2 S4 S4 0 1
BCD Excess 3 Code S3 S5 S5 0 1
0000 0011 S4 S5 S6 1 0
&RQYHUVLRQ 3URFHVV 0001 0100 S5 S0 S0 0 1
0010 0101 S6 S0 -- 1 --
%LWV DUH SUHVHQWHG LQ ELW VHULDO IDVKLRQ 0011 0110 Reset
VWDUWLQJ ZLWK WKH OHDVW VLJQLILFDQW ELW 0100 0111
0101 1000 S0
6LQJOH LQSXW ; VLQJOH RXWSXW = 0110 1001 0/1 1/0
0111 1010
S1 S2
1000 1011 1/0
'HULYHG 6WDWH 'LDJUDP
0/1 0/0,
1001 1100
1/1

S3 S4
0/0, 0/1 1/0
1/1

S5 S6
0/0, 0/1
Xilinx FPGAs - 38 Xilinx FPGAs - 39
1/1

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV


520EDVHG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
ROM Address ROM Outputs /6% 06%
X Q2 Q1 Q0 Z D2 D1 D0
7LPLQJ %HKDYLRU IRU LQSXW VWULQJV      DQG     
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 15
CLK 9 CLK
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 QD 14 Z
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 X converter ROM 175 QD10
X Z 13 D 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 12 C QC 11
Q2 D2
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 QC 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
Q1 D1 B 7
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 A QB
Q0 D0 6
0 1 1 1 X X X X QB
2
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 QA
1 CLR 3
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 QA
\Reset
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
               
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 /6% /6%
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
&LUFXLW /HYHO 5HDOL]DWLRQ
1 1 1 0 X X X X
  [ SRVLWLYH HGJH WULJJHUHG ' ))V
1 1 1 1 X X X X

7UXWK 7DEOH520 ,2V

,Q 520EDVHG GHVLJQV QR QHHG WR FRQVLGHU VWDWH DVVLJQPHQW


Xilinx FPGAs - 40 Xilinx FPGAs - 41

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV


3/$EDVHG 'HVLJQ .i 4 (VSUHVVR ,QSXWV .i 4
.o 4 .o 4
6WDWH $VVLJQPHQW ZLWK 129$ .ilb x q2 q1 q0 .ilb x q2 q1 q0
.ob d2 d1 d0 z .ob d2 d1 d0 z
.p 16 .p 9
0 S0 S1 1 S0 = 000 0 000 001 1 0001 0100
1 S0 S2 0 S1 = 001 1 000 011 0 10-0 0100
0 S1 S3 1 S2 = 011 0 001 110 1 01-0 0100
1 S1 S4 0 S3 = 110 1 001 100 0 1-1- 0001
0 S2 S4 0 S4 = 100 0 011 100 0 -0-1 1000
1 S2 S4 1 S5 = 111 1 011 100 1 0-0- 0001
0 S3 S5 0 S6 = 101 0 110 111 0 -1-0 1000
1 S3 S5 1 1 110 111 1 --10 0100
0 100 111 1 ---0 0010
0
1
S4
S4
S5
S6
1
0 129$ GHULYHG 1 100 101 0 (VSUHVVR 2XWSXWV .e
VWDWH DVVLJQPHQW 0 111 000 0
0 S5 S0 0
1 S5 S0 1 1 111 000 1
0 S6 S0 1 0 101 000 1
 SURGXFW WHUP 1 101 --- -
129$ LQSXW ILOH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 0 010 --- -
1 010 --- -
Xilinx FPGAs - 42 .e Xilinx FPGAs - 43
,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV
+ 3$/  LQSXWV  RXWSXWV  SURGXFW WHUPV SHU 25 JDWH
D2 = Q2 Q0 + Q2 Q0
' '  '
D1 = X Q2 Q1 Q0 + X Q2 Q0 + X Q2 Q0 + Q1 Q0
' ; 4 4 4  ; 4 4
D0 = Q0
' ; 4 4  4 4
Z = X Q1 + X Q1 0 1 2 3 45 89 12 13 16 17 20 21 24 25 28 29 30 31
1 X

CLK 9 15 0. Q2 Q0 0
D2
CLK QD 1. Q2 Q0 1
14 Z
1 X
converter PLA 175 QD 8. X Q2 Q1 Q0 Q2

Z 13 D 10 8 D11
X QC 9. X Q2 Q0 9
0 D2 12 C 11
Q2 QC 16. X Q2 Q0 Q1
D1 5 B 7
Q1 QB 17. Q1 Q0
16
D12
D0 4 A 6 17
Q0 QB 24. D11 Q0
2 25. D12 24
1 1 CLR QA D1
3 25
0 QA 32. Q0 D11
\Reset
33. not used 32
D0
33
40. X Q1 D12
41. X Q1 40
Z
41
Xilinx FPGAs - 44 Xilinx FPGAs - 45

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV


5HJLVWHUHG 3$/ $UFKLWHFWXUH %XIIHUHG ,QSXW
0 1 2 3 45 89 12 13 16 17 20 21 24 25 28 29 30 31
RU SURGXFW WHUP
CLK OE
X
0 Q2 Q0 + Q2 Q0
1 D2 Q2 Q0
PAL10H8 Q2 Q0
Q2
X 1 20 D2 Q2+ Q2+
8 DQ
Q2 2 19 D2 D11
9
Q1 3 18 Q
Q0 Q1
4 17 Q2+
16
5 AND 16 D1 17 D12
Gate Q2 Q0 + Q2 Q0
6 15 D0 X
Array Q0
7 14 Z
24
8 13 25 D1
9 12 Q2 Q2 Q0 Q0
D11
10 11
32
33 D0
' 4 4  4 4 1HJDWLYH /RJLF
D12 )HHGEDFN
40
41 Z ' ; 4 4 4  ; 4  ; 4  4 4  4 4

' 4
Xilinx FPGAs - 46 Xilinx FPGAs - 47
= ; 4  ; 4

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV


3URJUDPPDEOH 2XWSXW 3RODULW\;25 3$/V INCREMEN
T
([DPSOH RI ;25 3$/ ([DPSOH RI 5HJLVWHUHG 3$/
INCREMEN
T
1
1 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28

CLK OE FIRST
FUSE
0
40
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

D Q 23
FIRST
FUSE
0
32
64
NUMBER NUMBER 96
80 19
120 S 128
Q 160
192
2 224

2
160
200
D Q 22 256
240 288
280 320
Q 352 D Q
18
384

%XULHG 5HJLVWHUV GHFRXSOH


3 416
448 Q
480
320
360
D Q 21 3

)) IURP WKH RXWSXW SLQ


400
440
512
Q
DQ 4
544
576
608 D Q 17
640

Q 480
520
560
D Q 20
672
704
736
Q

600 4
Q

768
5 800
832
640 864 D Q
680 16
19 896
D Q
720 928
760 960 Q
Q 992

5
6
1024
800 1056
840 18 1088
D Q
880 1120 D Q
15
920 1152
Q 1184
1216 Q
1248
7

$GYDQWDJH RI ;25 3$/V 3DULW\ DQG $ULWKPHWLF 2SHUDWLRQV


6
960
1000
D Q 17 1280
1040 1312
1080 1344
Q 1376 D Q 14
1408
8 1440

ABCD 1120
1160
1472
1504
Q

D Q 16 7

ABCD 1200
1240

A B C D
1536
Q
1568

AB
ABCD ABC D
1600
9 1632 D Q
13
1664
1696
AB
1280

ABCD 1320
1360
1400
D Q 15

8
1728
1760
Q

ABCD 1792

CD 10
1824

ABCD
1856
1440 1888
1480 12

CD 1520
D Q 14 1920
1952
1984

ABCD 1560
Q

9
2016
11
11 13

ABCD INCREMEN
T
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36

Xilinx FPGAs - 48 NOTE: FUSE NUMBER = FIRST FUSE NUMBER +


INCREMENT
Xilinx FPGAs - 49
6SHFLI\LQJ 3$/V ZLWK $%(/ 6SHFLI\LQJ 3$/V ZLWK $%(/
3+ 3$/ module bcd2excess3
title 'BCD to Excess 3 Code Converter State Machine'
u1 device 'p10h8'; 3+ 3$/ module bcd2excess3
title 'BCD to Excess 3 Code Converter State Machine'
u1 device 'p12h6';
"Input Pins
X,Q2,Q1,Q0,D11i,D12i pin 1,2,3,4,5,6; "Input Pins
X, Q2, Q1, Q0 pin 1, 2, 3, 4;
"Output Pins
D2,D11o,D12o,D1,D0,Z pin 19,18,17,16,15,14; "Output Pins
D2, D1, D0, Z pin 17, 18, 16, 15;
INSTATE = [Q2, Q1, Q0];
S0 = [0, 0, 0]; INSTATE = [Q2, Q1, Q0]; OUTSTATE = [D2, D1, D0];
S1 = [0, 0, 1]; S0in = [0, 0, 0]; S0out = [0, 0, 0];
S2 = [0, 1, 1]; S1in = [0, 0, 1]; S1out = [0, 0, 1];
S3 = [1, 1, 0]; S2in = [0, 1, 1]; S2out = [0, 1, 1];
S4 = [1, 0, 0]; S3in = [1, 1, 0]; S3out = [1, 1, 0];
S5 = [1, 1, 1]; S4in = [1, 0, 0]; S4out = [1, 0, 0];
S6 = [1, 0, 1]; S5in = [1, 1, 1]; S5out = [1, 1, 1];
S6in = [1, 0, 1]; S6out = [1, 0, 1];
equations
D2 = (!Q2 & Q0) # (Q2 & !Q0); equations
([SOLFLW HTXDWLRQV D1 = D11i # D12i; D2 = (!Q2 & Q0) # (Q2 & !Q0);
D11o = (!X & !Q2 & !Q1 & Q0) # (X & !Q2 & !Q0); D1 = (!X & !Q2 & !Q1 & Q0) # (X & !Q2 & !Q0) #
IRU SDUWLWLRQHG D12o = (!X & Q2 & !Q0) # (Q1 & !Q0); (!X & Q2 & !Q0) # (Q1 & !Q0);
RXWSXW IXQFWLRQV D0 = !Q0; 6LPSOHU HTXDWLRQV D0 = !Q0;
Z = (X & Q1) # (!X & !Q1); Z = (X & Q1) # (!X & !Q1);

end bcd2excess3; end bcd2excess3;


Xilinx FPGAs - 50 Xilinx FPGAs - 51

6SHFLI\LQJ 3$/V ZLWK $%(/ )60 'HVLJQ ZLWK &RXQWHUV


35 3$/
6\QFKURQRXV &RXQWHUV &/5 /' &17

module bcd2excess3 state_diagram SREG


title 'BCD to Excess 3 Code Converter' state S0: if Reset then S0
u1 device 'p16r4'; else if X then S2 with Z = 0 0
else S1 with Z = 1 )RXU NLQGV RI WUDQVLWLRQV IRU HDFK VWDWH
"Input Pins state S1: if Reset then S0
Clk, Reset, X, !OE pin 1, 2, 3, 11; else if X then S4 with Z = 0 no
 WR 6WDWH  &/5
else S3 with Z = 1 CLR signals
"Output Pins state S2: if Reset then S0 n
D2, D1, D0, Z pin 14, 15, 16, 13; else if X then S4 with Z = 1  WR QH[W VWDWH LQ VHTXHQFH &17 asserted
else S4 with Z = 0
SREG = [D2, D1, D0]; CNT LD
state S3: if Reset then S0  WR DUELWUDU\ QH[W VWDWH /'
S0 = [0, 0, 0]; else if X then S5 with Z = 1
S1 = [0, 0, 1]; else S5 with Z = 0
S2 = [0, 1, 1];  ORRS LQ FXUUHQW VWDWH
S3 = [1, 1, 0];
state S4: if Reset then S0 n+1 m
else if X then S6 with Z = 0
S4 = [1, 0, 0]; else S5 with Z = 1
S5 = [1, 1, 1]; state S5: if Reset then S0
S6 = [1, 0, 1]; else if X then S0 with Z = 1
else S0 with Z = 0
state S6: if Reset then S0
else if !X then S0 with Z = 1 &DUHIXO
&DUHIXOVWDWH
VWDWHDVVLJQPHQW
DVVLJQPHQWLV
LVQHHGHG
QHHGHGWR
WRUHIOHFW
UHIOHFWEDVLF
EDVLFVHTXHQFLQJ
VHTXHQFLQJ
RI
RIWKH
WKHFRXQWHU
FRXQWHU
end bcd2excess3;
Xilinx FPGAs - 52 Xilinx FPGAs - 53

)60 'HVLJQ ZLWK &RXQWHUV )60 'HVLJQ ZLWK &RXQWHUV


([FHVV  &RQYHUWHU 5HYLVLWHG ([FHVV  &RQYHUWHU
Reset Inputs/Current Next
State State Outputs
X Q2 Q1 Q0 Q2+ Q1+ Q0+ Z CLR LD EN C B A
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 X X X
0/1 1/0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 X X X
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 X X X
1 4 1RWH WKH VHTXHQWLDO QDWXUH 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X

0/1
1/0
0/0, RI WKH VWDWH DVVLJQPHQWV 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 X X X
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 X 0 1 0
1/1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 X X X X X
0 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X X
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 X 1 0 0
2 5 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 X 1 0 1
0/0, 0/1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X X
1/1 1/0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 X X X X X
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 X X X
1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 X X X
3 6 1 1 1 0 X X X X X X X X X X
1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X X X
0/0, 0/1
1/1 &/5 VLJQDO GRPLQDWHV /' ZKLFK GRPLQDWHV &RXQW
Xilinx FPGAs - 54 Xilinx FPGAs - 55
,PSOHPHQWLQJ )60V ZLWK &RXQWHUV
)60 ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ZLWK &RXQWHUV
.i 5
.o 7
(VSUHVVR ,QSXW )LOH .i 5 CLK
.o 7 Z
.ilb res x q2 q1 q0 excess 3 PLA 7
.ilb res x q2 q1 q0 1 10
P
163 D Q
.ob z clr ld en c b a Z T
.ob z clr ld en c b a 0
.p 17 X Reset \CLR 2 RCO 15 C Q
.p 10 1
X \LD CLK
1---- -0----- 0-001 0101101 0
Q2 EN
6 D QD 11
00000 1111--- -0-01 1000000 5 C QC 12
Q1 C 4 B
00001 1111--- -11-0 1000000 Q0 B QB 13
3 A 14
00010 0111--- 0-0-0 0101100 A QA
00011 00-----
00100 0111---
([FHVV  &RQYHUWHU -000- 1010000
-0--0 0010000
9 LOAD
1
CLR
00101 110-011 0-10- 0101011
00110 10----- --11- 1000000
00111 ------- -11-- 0010000
01000 010-100 -1-1- 1010000
01001 010-101 .e
01010 1111--- ([FHVV  &RQYHUWHU 6FKHPDWLF
01011 10----- (VSUHVVR 2XWSXW )LOH
01100 1111---
01101 0111---
01110 ------- 6\QFKURQRXV 2XWSXW 5HJLVWHU
01111 ------- Xilinx FPGAs - 56 Xilinx FPGAs - 57
.e

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLHV ,PSOHPHQWLQJ WKH %&' WR ([FHVV  )60


;LOLQ[ /&$ $UFKLWHFWXUH Clk
Clk

,PSOHPHQWLQJ WKH %&' WR ([FHVV  )60 X

4 4 4  4 4
4 ; 4 4 4  ; 4 4  ; 4 4  4 4 CE

4 4 DI
CE A
X DI
CE
X
A
X
Q2 Q2 Q2 Q1
= = 4  ; 4 B Q0
FG
B
Q1
Q0
FG

1R IXQFWLRQ PRUH FRPSOH[ WKDQ  YDULDEOHV


C C
Y X Y
 ))V LPSOLHV  &/%V K Q0
FG
Q0
K Q1
FG
Z

E E
6\QFKURQRXV 0HDO\ 0DFKLQH D RES D RES
CLB1 CLB2
*OREDO 5HVHW WR EH XVHG
3ODFH 4 4 LQ RQFH &/%
4 = LQ VHFRQG &/%
PD[LPL]H XVH RI GLUHFW JHQHUDO SXUSRVH LQWHUFRQQHFWLRQV
Xilinx FPGAs - 58 Xilinx FPGAs - 59

'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\ 'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\


7UDIILF /LJKW &RQWUROOHU 7UDIILF /LJKW &RQWUROOHU
'HFRPSRVLWLRQ LQWR SULPLWLYH VXEV\VWHPV %ORFN 'LDJUDP
&RQWUROOHU )60
QH[W VWDWHRXWSXW IXQFWLRQV
VWDWH UHJLVWHU Reset
short time/
Clk
long time
counter
6KRUW WLPHORQJ WLPH LQWHUYDO FRXQWHU
TS TL ST
controller fsm F
&DU 6HQVRU Reset
Next State 2 Encoded 3
Output Light
C (async) Car 2 Light
Logic Decoders
Sensor C (sync) Signals 3
2XWSXW 'HFRGHUV DQG 7UDIILF /LJKWV Clk 2 H
2 State
Register

Xilinx FPGAs - 60 Xilinx FPGAs - 61


'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\ 'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\
6WDWH $VVLJQPHQW +*  +<  )*  )< 
6XEV\VWHP /RJLF
0 0 1
FG FY FR
3 & 7/ 4  76 4 4  & 4 4  76 4 4
+ /LJKW
'HFRGHUV F0 2 A Y0 4 3 76 4 4  4 4  76 4 4
Cin C
D Q 3 B Y1 5
Present F1 Y2 6
1 G Y3 7 67 & 7/ 4  & 4 4  76 4 4  76 4 4
RQ 139a
1 0 0
\Present \Reset +/>@ 76 4 4  4 4  76 4 4
HG HY HR
+
+/>@ 76 4 4  76 4 4
1H[W 6WDWH /RJLF
H0 1 A Y0 1
CLK 1
4 B 1
2
Y1
1
)/>@ 4
H1 3 Y2
&DU 'HWHFWRU + 1 G Y3 09
5 139b )/>@ 76 4 4  76 4 4

7 P 3$/3/$ ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
10 T 163 TL
CLK 1  LQSXWV  RXWSXWV  SURGXFW WHUPV
,QWHUYDO
2 CLK RCO
6 D
5 3$/ 9   LQSXWV  SURJ ,2V  WR  SURG WHUPV SHU 25
QD 11
7LPHU 5 C
4 B
QC 12
QB 13
3 A QA 14 520 ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
Reset
9 LOAD
 ZRUG E\ ELW 520  ELWV
CLR 1 TS
Xilinx
CLR FPGAs - 62 5HVHW PD\ GRXEOH 520
XilinxVL]H
FPGAs - 63
ST

'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\ 'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\


&RXQWHUEDVHG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ &RXQWHUEDVHG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
 [  08; 'LVSHQVH ZLWK GLUHFW RXWSXW IXQFWLRQV IRU WKH WUDIILF OLJKWV

1 GA 153 :K\ QRW VLPSO\ GHFRGH IURP WKH FXUUHQW VWDWH"


HG
TS 3 A3
TL 4 A2 ST 7
TLC / ST \C YA 7 10 P 163
HG HY HR FG FY FR
5 A1 T
6 A0 15 1 0 0 0 0 1
2 CLK RCO
HY TL
13 6 11 1 G Y3 7
C B3 D QD
12 + 5 12 Y2 6
TS / ST B2 YB 9 C QC
11 B1 4 B QB 13 Q1 Q1 3B Y1 5
10 B0 3 A QA 14 2A Y0 4
Q0 Q0
FG 15 9 LOAD 139a
GB
S1 SO
TL+C / ST 2 14 \Reset 1 CLR

FY
77/ ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ ZLWK 08; DQG &RXQWHU 67 LV D 6\QFKURQRXV 0HDO\ 2XWSXW
TS / ST
&DQ ZH UHGXFH SDFNDJH FRXQW E\ XVLQJ DQ  08;" /LJKW &RQWUROOHUV DUH 0RRUH 2XWSXWV
67 &RXQW
Xilinx FPGAs - 64 Xilinx FPGAs - 65

'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\ 'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\ TL C TS TS

Q1
DI CE A DI CE A
TS B X B X F1
C F0 C
/&$%DVHG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ K
E D R
Y K
E D R
Y Q0
Q0 Q1
'LVFUHWH *DWH 0HWKRG /&$%DVHG

,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ

1RQH RI WKH IXQFWLRQV H[FHHG  YDULDEOHV

3 67 DUH  YDULDEOH  &/% HDFK


3ODFHPHQW RI
Q0 Q1 Q0
IXQFWLRQV VHOHFWHG DI CE A DI CE A
3 +/ +/ )/ DUH  YDULDEOH  &/% HDFK TS B X B X H1
WR PD[LPL]H WKH C Q1 C
XVH RI GLUHFW K Y TS K Y H0
)/ LV  YDULDEOH  &/% E D R E D R
FRQQHFWLRQV TL C
  &/%V WRWDO

Q1
TL DI CE A DI CE A
B X B X
C ST C
TS K Y K Y
E D R E D R
C
Q0
Xilinx FPGAs - 66 Xilinx FPGAs - 67
'HVLJQ &DVH 6WXG\
/&$%DVHG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ
&RXQWHU0XOWLSOH[HU 0HWKRG

 08;  %LW 8SFRXQWHU

08; VL[ YDULDEOHV  GDWD  FRQWURO

EXW WKLV LV WKH NLQG RI  YDULDEOH IXQFWLRQ WKDW FDQ EH

LPSOHPHQWHG LQ  &/%

QG &/% WR LPSOHPHQW 7/ & DQG 7/  &

%XW QRWH WKDW 67&QW LV UHDOO\ D IXQFWLRQ RI 7/ & 76 4 4

 &/% WR LPSOHPHQW WKLV IXQFWLRQ RI  YDULDEOHV

 %LW &RXQWHU  IXQFWLRQV RI  YDULDEOHV  ELW VWDWH  FRXQW

$OVR LPSOHPHQWHG LQ RQH &/%

7UDIILF OLJKW GHFRGHUV IXQFWLRQV RI  YDULDEOHV 4 4

 SHU &/%  &/% IRU WKH VL[ OLJKWV

7RWDO FRXQW  &/%V

Xilinx FPGAs - 68

You might also like