CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc
H Nam, ngy 28 thng 10 nm 2013

BAO CAO
nghi cng nh n sang kin cp tinh nm 2013

Tn sang kin: Tng cng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy
dng trn a bn tnh.
Tn ng tac gia:
- Lai Quang Tuyn: Ky s v t li u xy dng, Trng phong Giam nh
S Xy dng H Nam.
- Nguyn Vn Quyt: Ky s xy dng; Pho trng phong Giam nh S
Xy dng H Nam.
A. Phn m u:
- Khai ni m v cht lng cng trnh xy dng:
Cht lng cng trnh xy dng l nhng yu cu v an ton, bn vng,
ky thut v my thut ca cng trnh nhng phai ph hp vi quy chun v tiu
chun xy dng, cac quy nh trong vn ban quy pham phap lut co lin quan
v hp ng kinh t. co c cht lng cng trnh xy dng nh mong
mun, co nhiu yu t anh hng, trong o co yu t c ban nht l nng lc
quan ly (ca chnh quyn, ca ch u t) v nng lc ca cac nh thu tham
gia cac qua trnh hnh thnh san phm xy dng.
- Ly do cn tng cng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng:
Cht lng cng trnh xy dng khng nhng co lin quan trc tip n
an ton sinh mang, an ton cng ng, hiu qua ca d an u t xy dng
cng trnh m con l yu t quan trng am bao s phat trin bn vng ca t
nc. Do co vai tro quan trng nh vy nn lut phap v xy dng ca cac
nc trn th gii u coi o l mc ch hng ti. Vit Nam, Lut Xy
dng 2003 c Quc Hi Khoa XI thng qua nm 2003, trong o cht lng
cng trnh xy dng cng l ni dung trng tm, xuyn sut. Lut Xy dng v
cac vn ban hng dn Lut v quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng
c hon thin theo hng hi nhp quc t; nhng m hnh quan ly cht
lng cng trnh tin tin cng h thng tiu ch ky thut cng c ap dng
mt cach hiu qua. Tuy vy, sau gn 10 nm, Lut Xy dng 2003 cng cn
c xem xt, sa i, b sung ph hp vi th trng v tao c s thng
nht ca ca h thng phap lut co lin quan n qua trnh u t xy dng.
- Mc ch ca vi c tng cng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh
xy dng l nng cao cht lng cng trnh, phat huy hi u qua vn u t.

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 B. Phn ni dung:
I. Thc trng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trinh xy dng va
giai phap cn nghin cu:
1. Thc trang cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng:
Trong thi gian qua, cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng
c cac c quan quan ly nh nc, cac ch u t v cac n v lin quan
quan tm ch ao thc hin. Nhiu cng trnh xy dng hon thnh, am bao
cac yu cu v cht lng phat huy hiu qua u t, tao ng lc cho phat
trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh. Tuy nhin, vn con nhiu cng trnh xy dng
cht lng thp, ca bit co cng trnh va xy dng xong xung cp, h
hng gy bc xc trong x hi, lm lng ph tin ca, khng phat huy c
hiu qua vn u t. Nguyn nhn ch yu do cac ch u t, cac t chc t
vn, cac nh thu tham gia quan ly v xy dng cng trnh khng tun th
nghim tc cac quy nh quan ly t khu khao sat, lp d an u t n thi
cng xy dng v kim tra chng nhn s ph hp cht lng, nghim thu,
bao hnh, bao tr cng trnh xy dng. H thng quan ly cht lng cng trnh
xy dng t tnh n c s con nhiu bt cp, thiu ng b v cha co s
phi hp cht ch gia cac cp, cac ngnh. iu kin nng lc ca cac t
chc v ca nhn tham gia hoat ng xy dng cha ap ng yu cu.
Thc t hoat ng v nhng vn con tn tai ca cac ch th trc tip
tham gia hoat ng quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng trong cac bc
chun b u t d an (lp d an, lp nhim v, cng...), thit k cng
trnh, thi cng v nghim thu a cng trnh vo s dng.
a) i vi ch u t: Cha chp hnh ng trnh t th tc xy dng,
pho mc cho t vn, nh thu thi cng; Vi vic thc thi phap lut trong thc
t con han ch, c bit i vi d an s dng vn ngn sach, ch u t vn
con d b hiu l ng ch h. H cha b rng buc tht s cht ch v
phap lut v cha thc hin nghim tc ch quan ly cht lng, bit nhng
vn lm (c tnh la mt s n v t vn khng iu kin nng lc hnh
ngh hoat ng xy dng ky kt hp ng; tm nhng nh thu thi cng
khng am bao iu kin nng lc ti chnh, chuyn mn...v li ch ca nhn
no o).
b) i vi cac t chc t vn xy dng:
Hin nay thiu cac t vn cht lng cao tm v m trong vic xut
cac ch trng u t xy dng, quy hoach, lp d an, xut cac giai phap
ky thut cng ngh chnh xac, hp ly, kha thi; Trong nhiu trng hp
xay ra cac sai sot, phai iu chnh cho qua trnh xy dng gy tn km, lng
ph, anh hng ln n cht lng cng trnh.
Nhiu t chc t vn do oi hi bc bach ca cng vic m hnh thnh,
cha co nhng nh hng, chin lc phat trin r rt. Cac Cng ty t vn
xut hin trn lan, bt u co hin tng mt s doanh nghip t vn v

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vic thc hin dch v theo kiu mi gii hoc thu mn, thiu thc lc gy
hin tng canh tranh khng lnh manh trong hoat ng t vn.
Trong 2 nm gn y s lng cac cng ty t vn phat trin trn lan
nhng nng lc th lai yu km, con nhiu han ch v cha lm tron trach
nhim, con vi pham nguyn tc quan ly u t xy dng. Tt ca cac n v t
vn trn a bn u khng co h thng quan ly cht lng; Trn thc t cho
thy hu ht cac sai sot, khim khuyt trong xy dng u co lin quan n t
vn xy dng, nht l trong thit k. Sai sot ca t vn thit k co trng hp
dn n hu qua lu di kho khc phc. Tuy rng kinh ph cho cng tac t vn
xy dng khng nhiu nhng lai co anh hng rt ln. Nhng thiu sot, sai
lm ca cng tac t vn xy dng thuc pham tr cht xam nn kho phat hin
nhng im lai cac nguyn nhn d nhn thy nht o l:
- Vi t vn thit k: Phn ln cac n v t vn thiu cac ca nhn ch tr
thit k theo ng cac chuyn ngnh ph hp, iu kin nng lc hnh ngh
hoat ng xy dng con han ch (vn cn tnh trng mn chng ch: 01 ng
kin trc s c chng ch thit k c trong h s nng lc ca nhiu cng ty
t vn); do thiu v nng lc hnh ngh chuyn mn v vy thit k khng
am bao yu cu ky thut, dn n cht lng san phm h s rt km (v
khng c s u t nghin cu, ch yu l coppy t cc cng trnh tng t,
in hnh; tc gi ch yu l nhng k s mi ra trng, cha c kinh
nghim...); a s cac n v t vn thit k khng co b phn kim tra KCS;
cac n v t vn thit k thng khng co s giam sat tac gia v t trc ti
nay cha co cng trnh no c thit k lp quy trnh bao tr hoc bim phap
thi cng ch ao.
+ Trong bc thit k ky thut (Thit k ban v thi cng): Cng tac khao
sat iu tra a cht, thy vn khng chnh xac (Trong cng tac ny hu ht lai
khng c Ban QLDA nghim thu tai hin trng m ch nghim thu trn h
s). Cac giai phap thit k a ra mt s d an khng ph hp, cac cng
trnh ang thi cng d dang phai thay i giai phap ky thut, phai tam dng
iu chnh thit k hoc thit k b sung
+ Cac biu hin v cht lng khi cng trnh thi cng xong a vo s
dng xay ra hin tng nt, ln, st trt, x ly nc ngm nh cac d
an nu trn. Khng th noi ch do sai sot ca n v thi cng m con l do sai
sot ca thit k gy ra.
- Giam sat tac gia ca t vn thit k:
Mi ch thc hin d an do T vn trong nc thit k, nhng nhn
chung vic giam sat tac gia ca T vn thit k cng cha nghim tc, trach
nhim v san phm thit k cha cao, cha chu trach nhim n cng i vi
san phm thit k ca mnh.
- Vi t vn khao sat: con nhiu bt cp vn mang tnh hnh thc; co
nhiu Kt qua khao sat khng phan anh ng thc t; phng an khao sat hu
nh khng co nhim v khao sat c ph duyt; qua trnh khao sat khng

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c nghim thu; co n v khao sat li dng bao cao khao sat ca cng trnh
ln cn a ra kt qua khao sat hoc ch khao sat mt hai v tr sau o ni
suy cho cac v tr con lai,...
- Vi t vn giam sat: y l khu quan trng trong hoat ng quan ly
cht lng, cht lng cng trnh co c bao am ph thuc nhiu vo i
ng TVGS. T vn giam sat thay mt Ch u t (Ban QLDA) giam sat thi
cng; chp nhn khi lng, cht lng ca nh thu thi cng; chp thun
bin phap thi cng nh thu thc hin; thay mt ch u t xut quyt
nh vic x ly ky thut hin trng. Do vy, nhng d an co cht lng
cao, thi cng an ton l nhng d an T vn giam sat lm ng chc trach
ca mnh v ngc lai.
+ anh gia v lc lng TVGS: Lc lng TVGS tuy ng v s lng
nhng con thiu nhiu chuyn gia gii. Nguyn nhn ch yu do nng lc ca
cac ky s t vn giam sat v ch chnh sach ca Nh nc i vi cng tac
TVGS cha c coi trng, cha co c ch thu ht v ch i ng ph hp
vi trach nhim v quyn han ca TVGS; Cha co bin phap quan ly chng
ch hnh ngh t vn giam sat, kim soat nng lc hnh ngh v ao c ngh
nghip ca i ng t vn giam sat.
+ Hoat ng giam sat cht lng ca T vn c thc hin cha y
, TVGS cha thc hin nghim tc chc trach, nhim v ca mnh, khng
kim soat c cht lng cng trnh trong qua trnh thi cng ca nh thu;
khng bam sat hin trng kp thi x ly cac phat sinh bt hp ly, cha
kin quyt x ky cac vi pham v cht lng trong qua trnh thc hin d an.
c) i vi nh thu thi cng xy dng: Vn con co nh thu khng co
can b ky thut, khng co ch huy trng cng trnh theo quy nh, hoc b tr
can b ch huy trng cng trng khng ng vi h s d thu... a s cac
nh thu cha quan tm n bin phap thi cng, h thng quan ly cht lng
ni b, khng b tr can b giam sat ni b, thm ch khoan trng cho i
thi cng v t vn giam sat; Bin phap thi cng trong h s d thu ch l
hnh thc, cha a ra c cac bin phap sat thc phc v thi cng, ch
ao thi cng mt cach khoa hc.
y l nhng nguyn nhn tim n lm anh hng xu n cht lng
cng trnh xy dng, gy tht thoat, lng ph, giam hiu qua vn u t.
2. Giai phap cn nghin cu:
2.1. Giai phap chung:
- R soat, hon thin khung chnh sach nhm tng cng th ch v cng
tac quan ly cht lng theo hng minh bach, thng nht v chu trach nhim.
- Co k hoach xy dng, b sung cac hng dn, tiu chun, quy trnh,
quy pham thit k thi cng con thiu, nht l i vi cac loai kt cu, cng
ngh mi.

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 - Nng cao nng lc cac ch th tham gia thc hin d an (Ch u t,
T vn giam sat, t vn thit k, nh thu) bng cach tng cng tnh chu
trach nhim ca cac ch th theo cac ch ti, tao iu kin trong hp tac quc
t nng cao trnh quan ly cng nh t vn ca d an.
- Xy dng chin lc, k hoach phat trin i vi doanh nghip T vn
da trn cac nguyn tc c ban (T thn phat trin; Hp tac phat trin; Hon
thin cac ch , chnh sach trong vic s dng v i ng; Xy dng m
hnh t chc T vn, m hnh quan ly v thc hin d an).
- Nghin cu xut cac phng thc hp tac tng cng ngun lc
cho cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng.
- Nng cao nng lc ca Nh thu xy lp, xac nh trach nhim ca cac
nh thu xy lp v cht lng xy dng do mnh am nhn ch trng cng
tac an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng trong qua trnh lp, thm nh,
thc hin d an u t xy dng cng trnh, thc hin nghim chnh Thng t
22/2010/TT-BXD ngy 3/12/2010 ca B Xy dng.
- Cp phat trang thit b bao h y v bt buc s dng. Tng cng
tuyn truyn giao dc cng tac lao ng v v sinh mi trng thc s i
vo y thc ngi lao ng. Co ch ti x ly i vi nh thu vi pham cac quy
nh v an ton, xy ra tai nan. Co h thng kim soat lu tr thng tin v
cac nh thu xy ra tai nan lao ng v s dng nh mt iu kin trong
qua trnh xt thu.
2.2. Giai phap v yu cu c th i vi cac ch th tham gia hoat ng
xy dng nh sau:
a) i vi cac ch u t:
- Chu trach nhim ton din trc phap lut v cp quyt nh u t v
cht lng cng trnh xy dng t giai oan chun b u t, th hin u t
n khi nghim thu bn giao a cng trnh vo khai thac s dng am bao
cht lng hiu qua v tun th cac quy nh ca phap lut (k ca trng hp
ch u t trc tip quan ly d an hoc thu t vn quan ly d an)
- Phai la chn cac t chc, ca nhn co iu kin nng lc theo quy
nh ca phap lut thc hin cac cng vic t vn, thi cng xy dng quy
nh ca phap lut khao sat xy dng, lp d an v thit k xy dng cng
trnh; Trong o, yu cu t vn cung cp h s nng lc gm: Quyt nh
thnh lp doanh nghip hoc Giy chng nhn ng ky kinh doanh ; bao cao
ti chnh c kim toan hoc ban t khai quyt toan thu co xac nhn ca
c quan thu a phng; danh sach Kin trc s, ky s co vn bng,
chng ch hnh ngh v c cng ty ong bao him co xac nhn ca c quan
bao him a phng; cac hp ng tng t thc hin
- Phai ph duyt nhim v khao sat xy dng v phng an ky thut
khao sat; giam sat cht ch v nghim thu cng tac khao sat xy dng;
nghim thu bao cao kt qua khao sat xy dng;

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 - Phai thm nh, ph duyt nhim v thit k, thit k ky thut, thit k
ban v thi cng. Thit k ban v thi cng phai c ch u t hoc ai din
c ch u t y quyn xac nhn ky v ong du vo ban v trc khi a
ra thi cng; nghim thu h s thit k xy dng cng trnh;
- Tng cng quan ly cht lng thi cng xy dng cng trnh. Trong o
yu cu:
+ Kim tra, giam sat iu kin nhn lc, thit b v h thng quan ly cht
lng ca nh thu thi cng xy dng; kim tra phong th nghim nh thu
ngh s dng; nghim thu cht lng vt t, vt liu v thit b khi nh thu
cung cp s dng cho cng trnh; kim tra, giam sat thng xuyn qua trnh
thi cng cng trnh. Kt qua kim tra phai c th hin trong nht ky giam
sat hoc bin ban nghim thu.
+ Nghim thu cng trnh xy dng yu cu: Cac cng vic n du, b
phn kt cu b che khut khi nghim thu phai co ban v hon cng ca nh
thu lp trc khi cho php thc hin cng vic tip theo; kt qua nghim thu
phai ghi chi tit ni dung nghim thu, s lng, quy cach, kch thc kt cu
v mc at c so vi yu cu ca h s thit k duyt.
+ Cac cng trnh xy dng yu cu phai thc hin kim tra, chng nhn
s ph hp v cht lng cng trnh phai la chn t chc chng nhn co
iu kin nng lc t chc thc hin ngay t khi khi cng n kt thc
cng trnh.
+ Ch u t phai chu trach nhim ton din v cht lng cng trnh
xy dng t giai oan chun b u t n kt thc u t d an a cng
trnh vo khai thac s dng, k ca trng hp ch u t y quyn cho Ban
quan ly d an hoc thu t vn quan ly d an.
b) i vi cac n v t vn:
b1) Khao sat xy dng:
- Mi nhim khao sat phai co ch nhim do nh thu khao sat ch nh
- Khao sat xy dng ch c tin hnh theo nhim v khao sat c
ph duyt; Nhim v khao sat phai ph hp vi yu cu tng loai cng vic,
tng bc thit k;
- Khi lng, ni dung, yu cu ky thut i vi khao sat phai ph hp
vi nhim v khao sat, quy chun, tiu chun xy dng v bao am trung
thc, khac quan, phan anh ng thc t.
b2) Thit k xy dng:
- Lp nhim v khao sat xy dng phc v cho cng tac thit k ph hp
vi yu cu tng bc thit k;
- Ni dung thit k cng trnh phai ph hp vi yu cu ca tng bc
thit k, tha mn yu cu v chc nng s dng, bao am my quan, gia thnh
hp ly

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 - C ngi thc hin giam sat tac gia, tham gia nghim thu cng trnh
theo yu cu ca ch u t hoc do yu cu t vn thit k thy cn thit
phai kim tra.
- Phai chu trach nhim v cht lng thit k do mnh am nhn.
b3) Giam sat thi cng cng trnh:
- Yu cu thc hin giam sat ngay khi khi cng xy dng, giam sat
thng xuyn, lin tc trong qua trnh thi cng cng trnh;
- Nghim cm vic thng ng vi nh thu thi cng v ch u t lm
sai kt qua giam sat hoc nghim thu khi lng khng am bao cht lng,
khi lng ngoi thit k. Nu b phat hin s b x ly nghim.
b4) Kim tra chng nhn cht lng cng trnh:
- Yu cu t chc thc hin ngay t khi khi cng cng trnh;
- cng kim tra, chng nhn phai ph hp vi ni dung yu cu;
khng cp giy chng nhn i vi cac cng trnh khng am bao cht lng;
c) i vi nh thu thi cng xy dng cng trnh:
- Phai co h thng quan ly cht lng thc hin ni dung quan ly cht
lng thi cng cng trnh;
- Thi cng xy dng cng trnh theo ng thit k, tiu chun ky thut,
bao am cht lng, tin , an ton v v sinh mi trng;
- Cac loai vt t, vt liu v thit b s dng cho cng trnh do nh thu
cung cp phai ng ngun gc, xut x v am bao cht lng theo yu cu
ca thit k v c ch u t, t vn giam sat chp thun nghim thu trc
khi a vo s dng;
- Phai lp v ghi nht ky thi cng theo ng quy nh;
- Tt ca cng vic, b phn cng trnh n du hoc b che khut phai lp
ban v hon cng v phai c cac bn lin quan nghim thu trc khi cho
thc hin cac cng vic tip theo;
- Phai chu trach nhim trc ch u t v phap lut v cht lng cng
trnh do mnh am nhn; bi thng thit hai khi s dng vt liu khng ng
chng loai, thi cng khng am bao cht lng hoc gy h hng, gy
nhim mi trng.
d) Trach nhim ca cac S ngnh v c quan quan ly nh nc:
- Giao S Xy dng r soat danh sach cac n v t vn tham gia hoat
ng xy dng trn a bn tnh;
- S Xy dng ch tr, phi hp vi cac S, ngnh co xy dng cng
trnh chuyn ngnh theo chc nng, nhim v c giao t chc cac t thanh
tra, kim tra lin ngnh v cht lng cng trnh v tng hp bao cao UBND
tnh kt qua thanh tra, kim tra v bin phap x ly vi pham;

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 - Cac S co xy dng cng trnh chuyn ngnh, UBND cac huyn, thnh
ph, cac Ban quan ly d an phai tng cng kim tra cng tac quan ly cht
lng cng trnh thuc ngnh, a phng mnh quan ly v bao cao kt qua
x ly cac v vic vi pham v S Xy dng tng hp bao cao UBND tnh,
B Xy dng theo quy nh.
D an ny c y ban nhn dn tnh quan tm v c th hoa bng
Ch th s 11/CT-UBND ngy 29/8/2012.
III. Kha nng ap dung:
Ton b cac S, ngnh cac Ch u t, cac t chc t vn xy dng, cac
nh thu thi cng xy dng v cac c quan quan ly nh nc v cht lng
cng trnh xy dng trn a bn tnh H Nam.
IV. Hi u qua cua vi c tng cng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng
trinh xy dng.
Sau m t nm trin khai thc hi n, n nay cng tac cht lng cng
trnh xy dng c ch trng quan tm s lng cng trnh km cht lng
giam ang k; cac ch th tham giam hoat ng xy dng xac nh r
trach nhi m ca mnh v tng cng u t i ng can b , ky s. Vai tro
ca c quan quan ly nh nc c nng cao phat huy hi u qua tch cc. C
th:
Trong cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng, h thng cac vn
ban quy pham phap lut v quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng hon
thin hn v c ban l y t chc quan ly, kim soat cht lng cng
trnh; tach bach, phn nh r trach nhim i vi vic am bao cht lng
cng trnh gia c quan quan ly nh nc cac cp, cac ch u t v cac
nh thu. iu kin nng lc ca cac ch th tham gia hoat ng xy dng;
ni dung, trnh t, th tc trong cng tac quan ly cht lng cng c quy
nh r rng, lm c s cho cng tac kim tra ca c quan quan ly cac cp, tao
hnh lang phap ly tng cng hiu lc v hiu qua cng tac quan ly nh
nc v quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng.
Tnh hnh cht lng cng trnh xy dng trong ca nc c cai thin,
xu hng cht lng ngy mt nng cao v c kim soat tt hn. S c cng
trnh xy dng trong nhng nm gn y chim t l thp. Cac cng trnh, hang
mc cng trnh c a vo s dng trong thi gian qua u ap ng yu cu
v cht lng, quy m, cng sut, cng nng s dng theo thit k, am bao an
ton chu lc, an ton trong vn hnh v phat huy tt hiu qua.
V. Kt lu n:
Vi c tng cng cng tac quan ly cht lng cng trnh trn a bn tnh
em lai hi u qua tch cc trong lnh vc xy dng noi chung v ngnh xy
dng noi ring. an a ra cac yu cu cn thit trong lnh vc hoat
n g xy dng oi hi cac S, ngnh v cac ch th tham gia hoat n g xy
dng phai nghim tc thc hi n .

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 Qua cng tac tng cng quan ly cht lng cng trnh xy dng, vi c
trin khai thc hi n cng tac quan ly cht lng c nng cao, tao ra cng
trnh am bao cht lng, bn vng l gop phn tch cc thc y s phat
trin ca ngnh xy dng c ban ca tnh ta, ap ng tt yu cu phat trin
kinh t x hi ca t nc trong thi k mi, gop phn vo thnh cng ca
s nghip cng nghip hoa, hin ai hoa t nc.

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kin

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