K bi: Cng Thng tin in t Chnh ph

Email: thongtinchinhphu@chinhphu.vn
C quan: Vn phng Chnh ph
Thi gian k: 25.03.2016 09:47:39 +07:00

CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 3

PHN VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT

B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG

B TI NGUYN CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

V MI TRNG c lp - T do - Hnh phc

S: 03/2016/TT-BTNMT H Ni, ngy 10 thng 3 nm 2016

THNG T
Ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng

Cn c Lut tiu chun v Quy chun k thut ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006;

Cn c Lut bo v mi trng ngy 23 thng 6 nm 2014;
Cn c Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 01 thng 8 nm 2007 ca Chnh ph
quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut tiu chun v Quy chun k thut;
Cn c Ngh nh s 21/2013/N-CP ngy 04 thng 3 nm 2013 ca Chnh
ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng;
Theo ngh ca Tng Cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, V trng V Khoa
hc v Cng ngh, V trng V Php ch;
B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Thng t ban hnh Quy
chun k thut quc gia v mi trng.
iu 1. Ban hnh km theo Thng t ny Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi
trng: QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht
thi rn sinh hot.
iu 2. Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 5 nm 2016.
iu 3. Tng Cc trng Tng cc Mi trng, Th trng cc n v thuc
B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Gim c S Ti nguyn v Mi trng cc tnh,
thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v cc t chc, c nhn lin quan c trch nhim
thi hnh Thng t ny./.

B TRNG

Nguyn Minh Quang

4 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI RN SINH HOT
National Technical Regulation
on Domestic Solid Waste Incinerator

H NI - 2016
 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 5

Li ni u
QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT do T son tho Thng t ban hnh Quy chun k
thut quc gia v mi trng i vi l t cht thi rn sinh hot bin son, Tng
cc Mi trng, V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, V Php ch trnh duyt, B Khoa hc
v Cng ngh thm nh v c ban hnh theo Thng t s 03/2016/TT-BTNMT
ngy 10 thng 3 nm 2016 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.
6 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI RN SINH HOT
National Technical Regulation on Domestic Solid Waste Incinerator

1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut i vi l t cht thi rn sinh
hot v gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t cht
thi rn sinh hot.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi cc t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh
doanh (phn phi), s dng l t cht thi rn sinh hot trn lnh th nc Cng
ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng v cc t
chc, c nhn lin quan.
1.3. Gii thch thut ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1.3.1. Cht thi rn sinh hot (cn gi l rc sinh hot, sau y vit tt l CTRSH)
l cht thi rn pht sinh trong sinh hot thng ngy ca con ngi.
1.3.2. L t CTRSH l h thng thit b x l CTRSH bng phng php t
km theo h thng x l kh thi.
1.3.3. Vng t (hoc bung t) l cc khu vc s dng nhit t CTRSH,
gm c:
a) Vng t s cp l vng t chuyn ha CTRSH thnh th kh v th rn
(tro x, bi);
b) Vng t th cp l vng t cc thnh phn ca dng kh thot ra t vng
t s cp.
1.3.4. Thi gian lu chy l thi gian dng kh lu chuyn t im vo n
im ra ca vng t th cp iu kin nhit quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy
chun ny.
1.3.5. Kh thi l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng
khng kh t l t CTRSH.
1.3.6. Tro x l cht rn cn li sau khi t CTRSH trong l t CTRSH.
1.3.7. Cng sut l t CTRSH l kh nng x l ca l t CTRSH, c tnh
bng khi lng ti a CTRSH m l t CTRSH t c trong mt gi (kg/h).
1.3.8. Mt khi kh thi chun (Nm3) l mt khi kh thi nhit 250C v p
sut tuyt i 760 mm thy ngn.
 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 7

2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Yu cu k thut c bn i vi l t cht thi rn sinh hot
2.1.1. L t CTRSH phi c quy trnh hot ng theo nguyn l t nhiu cp,
bo m c vng t s cp v th cp. Th tch cc vng t, cng sut v thi
gian lu chy ca l t CTRSH c xc nh theo hng dn ti Ph lc km
theo Quy chun ny.
2.1.2. C bin php hn ch kh thi thot ra ngoi mi trng qua ca np CTRSH.
2.1.3. ng khi ca l t CTRSH phi bo m nh sau:
a) Chiu cao ng khi c tnh ton bo m yu cu v cht lng mi
trng khng kh xung quanh khi pht tn vo mi trng, nhng khng c thp
hn 20 (hai mi) m tnh t mt t. Trng hp trong phm vi 40 (bn mi) m
tnh t chn ng khi c vt cn c nh nh hng n qu trnh pht tn kh thi
th ng khi phi cao hn ti thiu 03 (ba) m so vi im cao nht ca vt cn;
b) ng khi phi c im (ca) ly mu kh thi vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu t 90 (chn mi) mm n 110 (mt trm mi) mm, c np y iu
chnh m rng, km theo sn thao tc bo m an ton, thun li khi tip cn v
ly mu. im ly mu phi nm trong khong gia hai v tr sau:
- Cn di: Pha trn im cao nht ca mi ni gia ng dn t h thng x l
kh thi vi ng khi mt khong cch t nht 08 (tm) ln ng knh trong ln
nht ca ng khi;
- Cn trn: Pha di ming ng khi mt khong cch t nht 02 (hai) ln ng
knh trong ln nht ca ng khi tnh t ming ng khi.
2.1.4. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, cc thng s k thut c bn ca
l t CTRSH phi p ng cc quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny.
Bng 1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t cht thi rn sinh hot
Gi tr
TT Thng s n v
yu cu
1 Cng sut ca l t CTRSH(1) kg/h 300
2 Nhit vng t s cp(2) C 400
3 Nhit vng t th cp C 950
4 Thi gian lu chy s 2
5 Nhit kh thi (o ti im ly mu) C 180
6 Lng oxy d (o ti im ly mu) % 6 - 15
Nhit bn ngoi v l t CTRSH (hoc lp chn
7 C 60
cch ly nhit)
Kh nng hot ng lin tc (m vn bo m v
8 h 72
bn c kh v cc thng s k thut)(3)
8 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

Ch thch:
(1)
Cng sut 300 (ba trm) kg/h tng ng th tch ti thiu ca vng t s
cp l 2,4 (hai phy bn) m3.
(2)
Trng hp c th (nh t nhit phn ym kh) th vng t s cp c th
vn hnh nhit thp hn 400 (bn trm) 0C vi iu kin vn hnh th
nghim t yu cu ti Mc 2.2 Quy chun ny v c s chp thun ca c
quan c thm quyn xc nhn bo m yu cu bo v mi trng i vi c s
x l CTRSH.
(3)
Vic nh gi thng s ny ch p dng trong qu trnh kim tra, xc nhn bo
m yu cu bo v mi trng i vi c s x l CTRSH.
2.1.5. Khng c trn khng kh bn ngoi vo pha long kh thi k t
im ra ca vng t th cp n v tr c cao 02 (hai) m pha trn im ly mu
kh thi.
2.1.6. L t phi c h thng x l kh thi vi quy trnh hot ng bao gm
cc cng on chnh sau:
a) Gii nhit (h nhanh nhit );
b) X l bi;
c) X l cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi.
Cc cng on nu trn c thc hin ring trong tng thit b hoc kt hp
ng thi chung thit b.
2.1.7. Trng hp l t CTRSH c khong cch t ca np cht thi n im
xa nht ca vng t s cp ln hn 02 (hai) m th phi lp t thit b c kh ha
cho vic np, o trn CTRSH trong vng t s cp (tr trng hp cng ngh
c th khng yu cu o trn nh kh ha) v h thng c kh ha ly tro x.
2.1.8. L t CTRSH phi c van x tt (by-pass) x kh thi trc tip ra ng
khi m khng qua h thng x l kh thi khi c s c i vi h thng x l kh
thi. Van x tt phi c cn iu khin bng tay hoc t ng cao va vi
ngi ng, bo m thao tc thun li, kp thi khi c s c m khng phi tro
ln l t CTRSH. Phi ngng np CTRSH ngay sau khi s dng van x tt.
2.2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
cht thi rn sinh hot
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s
nhim trong kh thi l t CTRSH c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Cmax = C K v
Trong :
- Cmax l gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim;
- C l nng ca cc thng s nhim c quy nh ti Bng 2 ca Quy
chun ny;
- Kv l h s vng, khu vc c quy nh ti Bng 3 ca Quy chun ny.
 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 9

Bng 2. Nng (C) ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t

cht thi rn sinh hot
TT Thng s nhim n v Nng (C)
1 Bi tng mg/Nm3 100
2 Axit Clohydric, HCl mg/Nm3 50
3 Cacbon monoxyt, CO mg/Nm3 250
4 Lu hunh dioxyt, SO2 mg/Nm3 250
5 Nit oxyt, NOx (tnh theo NO2) mg/Nm3 500
6 Thy ngn v hp cht tnh theo thy ngn, Hg mg/Nm3 0,2
7 Cadimi v hp cht tnh theo Cadimi, Cd mg/Nm3 0,16
8 Ch v hp cht tnh theo ch, Pb mg/Nm3 1,2
9 Tng ioxin/furan, PCDD/PCDF ngTEQ/Nm3 0,6
Hm lng xy tham chiu trong kh thi l 12%
Bng 3. H s vng, khu vc Kv
Phn vng, khu vc H s Kv
(1) (1)
Ni thnh th loi c bit v th loi I ; rng c
Vng 1 dng(2); C s t l t CTRSH c khong cch n 0,6
ranh gii cc khu vc ny di 02 (hai) km
Ni thnh, ni th th loi II, III, IV(1); vng ngoi thnh
th loi c bit, th loi I c khong cch n ranh
Vng 2 gii ni thnh ln hn hoc bng 02 (hai) km; C s t 0,8
l t CTRSH c khong cch n ranh gii cc khu vc
ny di 02 (hai) km
Khu cng nghip; th loi V(1); vng ngoi thnh, ngoi
th th loi II, III, IV c khong cch n ranh gii ni
Vng 3 thnh, ni th ln hn hoc bng 02 (hai) km; C s t l 1,0
t CTRSH c khong cch n ranh gii cc khu vc
ny di 02 (hai) km (3)
Vng 4 Nng thn 1,2
Vng 5 Nng thn min ni 1,4
Ch thch:
(1)
th c xc nh theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 42/2009/N-CP ngy 07
thng 5 nm 2009 ca Chnh ph v vic phn loi th.
(2)
Rng c dng xc nh theo Lut bo v v pht trin rng ngy 14 thng 12
nm 2004 gm: vn quc gia; khu bo tn thin nhin; khu bo v cnh quan;
khu rng nghin cu, thc nghim khoa hc.
(3)
Trng hp ngun pht thi c khong cch n 02 (hai) vng tr ln nh hn
02 (hai) km th p dng h s vng, khu vc Kv i vi vng c h s nh nht.
10 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

3. QUY NH V VN HNH V GIM ST

3.1. Vn hnh l t cht thi rn sinh hot
3.1.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin quy trnh vn hnh an ton l t CTRSH,
trong lu cc ni dung sau:
a) Quy trnh khi ng l t CTRSH phi theo trnh t nh sau (tr nhng
trng hp l t CTRSH c quy trnh hot ng c bit do nh sn xut quy nh
v c xem xt, chp thun bi c quan xc nhn bo m yu cu bo v mi
trng i vi c s x l CTRSH):
- Bc 1: Khi ng h thng x l kh thi;
- Bc 2: Khi ng v sy nng tt c cc vng t;
- Bc 3: Chnh thc np CTRSH vo l t CTRSH.
b) Quy trnh kt thc hot ng l t CTRSH phi c thc hin theo trnh t sau:
- Bc 1: Ngng np CTRSH;
- Bc 2: Ngng h thng x l kh thi khi nhit vng t s cp xung
di 200 (hai trm)0C.
3.1.2. CTRSH phi c kim sot trc khi c np vo l t CTRSH
khng nh hng n vic vn hnh bnh thng ca l t CTRSH; khng a
vo l t CTRSH: cht thi c nguy c gy n; cht thi c tnh n mn; ha cht
v bao b ha cht bo v thc vt; cht thi c cha thy ngn, ch, cadimi vt
ngng cht thi nguy hi.
3.1.3. C bin php k thut ly tro x ra khi vng t s cp trong qu trnh
vn hnh mt cch thun li bo m l t CTRSH hot ng lin tc, khng
gin on.
3.1.4. Phi lp nht k vn hnh l t CTRSH, trong ghi r s lng, thi
gian vn hnh v tn ngi vn hnh, nhit ti cc v tr c lp t thit b o
nhit .
3.2. Gim st l t cht thi rn sinh hot
3.2.1. L t CTRSH phi lp thit b o, hin th nhit trong cc vng t.
i vi l t c cng sut ln hn hoc bng 500kg/h phi lp thit b o, hin th
nhit dng kh thi ngay sau b phn gii nhit.
3.2.2. Vic gim st mi trng nh k i vi l t CTRSH phi c thc
hin theo quy nh hin hnh v yu cu ca c quan qun l mi trng.
4. PHNG PHP XC NH
4.1. Phng php ly mu v xc nh gi tr cc thng s c thc hin theo
cc tiu chun trong Bng 4 di y.
 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 11

Bng 4. Phng php ly mu v xc nh

TT Thng s Phng php phn tch, s hiu tiu chun
- TCVN 5977:2009 S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh
nng khi lng ca bi bng phng php th cng.
1 Bi tng - EPA 5 (Determination of particulate matter emissions from
stationary sources) - Xc nh bi tng trong kh thi t ngun
c nh.
- TCVN 7244:2003 L t cht thi y t - Phng php xc
nh nng axit clohydric (HCl) trong kh thi.
Axit Clohydric,
2 - EPA 26 (Determination of axit clohydric emissions from
HCl
stationary sources) - Xc nh axit clohydric trong kh thi t
ngun c nh.
- TCVN 7242:2003 L t cht thi y t - Phng php xc
nh nng cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi.
Cacbon
3 - EPA 10 (Determination of cacbon monoxit emissions from
monoxyt, CO
stationary sources) - Xc nh cacbon monoxit trong kh thi
t ngun c nh.
- TCVN 6750:2005 S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng
khi lng lu hunh ixit - Phng php sc k kh ion.
- EPA 6 (Determination of sulfur dioxide emissions from
Lu hunh stationary sources) - Xc nh lu hunh ixit trong kh thi
4
dioxyt, SO2 t ngun c nh.
- TCVN 5976:1995 Kh thi ngun tnh - Xc nh nng
khi lng ca lu hunh ixit (SO2) - c tnh ca cc
phng php o t ng.
- TCVN 7172:2002 S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh
nng khi lng nit xit - Phng php trc quang dng
Nit oxyt, NOx
naphtyletylendiamin.
5 (tnh theo
- EPA 7 (Determination of nitrogen oxide emissions from
NO2)
stationary sources) - Xc nh nit xit trong kh thi t
ngun c nh.
Thy ngn v - TCVN 7557-2:2005 L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php
hp cht tnh xc nh kim loi nng trong kh thi.
6
theo thy Phn 2: Phng php xc nh nng thy ngn bng phng
ngn, Hg php quang ph hp th nguyn t k thut ha hi lnh.
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php
Cadimi v hp
xc nh kim loi nng trong kh thi.
7 cht tnh theo
Phn 3: Phng php xc nh nng Cadimi v ch bng
Cadimi, Cd
quang ph hp th ngn la v khng ngn la.
12 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

TT Thng s Phng php phn tch, s hiu tiu chun

- EPA 29 (Determination of metals emissions from stationary
Ch v hp sources) - Xc nh kim loi trong kh thi t ngun c nh.
8 cht tnh theo - EPA 12 (Determination of inorganic lead emissions from
ch, Pb stationary sources) - Xc nh ch v c trong kh thi t
ngun c nh.
- TCVN 7556-1:2005 L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh
nng khi lng PCDD/PCDF - Phn 1: Ly mu.
Tng ioxin/
- TCVN 7556-2:2005 L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng
9 furan, PCDD/
khi lng PCDD/PCDF - Phn 2: Chit v lm sch.
PCDF
- TCVN 7556-3:2005 L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng
khi lng PCDD/PCDF - Phn 3: nh tnh v nh lng.
4.2. Chp nhn cc phng php phn tch hng dn trong cc tiu chun
quc gia v quc t khc c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn so vi cc
tiu chun vin dn mc 4.1.
5. T CHC THC HIN
5.1. L t CTRSH chnh thc hot ng trc ngy Quy chun ny c hiu
lc c tm thi min p dng quy nh ti Mc 2.2 trong thi gian 06 (su) thng
v cc quy nh khc ti Quy chun ny vi thi gian 03 (ba) nm k t ngy Quy
chun ny c hiu lc.
5.2. Trong thi gian cha c Quy chun ring, l t CTRSH mi vi cng ngh
tin tin hn (v d nh l t plasma) c min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2)
ti Quy chun ny nu c xem xt, chp thun trong qu trnh thm nh cng
ngh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v c xc nhn bo m
yu cu bo v mi trng i vi c s x l CTRSH theo quy nh ca php lut.
5.3. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn, kim
tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny.
5.4. Trng hp cc quy nh vin dn ti Quy chun ny sa i, b sung hoc
thay th th p dng theo quy nh mi./.
 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016 13

PH LC
CCH TNH MT S THNG S K THUT CA L T
CHT THI RN SINH HOT
(Km theo QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia
v l t cht thi rn sinh hot)

1. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t s cp

Th tch ca vng t s cp c tnh theo cng thc:
Q Ctk
Vsc =
q
Hoc:
0,040 Ctk Vsc 0,014 Ctk
Trong :
- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);
- Ctk: Cng sut thit k ca l t CTRSH (kg/h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca CTRSH (kcal/kg) (CTRSH sau khi phn loi c m
30% c nhit tr trong khong t 1.200kcal/kg n 1.700kcal/kg);
- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (kcal/m3h) (i vi l t CTRSH vn hnh
lin tc th gi tr mt nhit th tch vng t trong khong t 80.000 kcal/m3h
n 150.000 kcal/m3h).
2. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t th cp
Th tch ca vng t th cp c tnh theo cng thc:
Vtc = ttk Q
Trong :
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp (m3);
- ttk: Thi gian lu chy thit k ( 2 s);
- Q: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s).
3. Cch tnh cng sut thc t ca l t cht thi rn sinh hot
Cng sut thc t ca mt l t CTRSH c th khc vi cng sut thit k v
thay i ty theo tnh cht ca loi cht thi c np vo l t CTRSH. Cng sut
thc t c tnh theo cc cch di y:
3.1. Cng thc tnh ton khi bit nhit tr ca cht thi rn sinh hot
Cng sut thc t (S) ca l t CTRSH khi bit nhit tr ca cht thi c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
Vsc q
S=
Q
14 CNG BO/S 245 + 246/Ngy 24-3-2016

Trong :
- S: Cng sut thc t ca l t CTRSH (kg/h);
- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);
- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (kcal/m3h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca tng loi cht thi trn thc t (kcal/kg).
3.2. Cch tnh cn c vo thc t hot ng ca l t cht thi rn sinh hot
Gim st v iu chnh ti lng np CTRSH vo l t CTRSH cho n khi l
t CTRSH vn hnh n nh, tun th cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2
ca Quy chun ny v CTRSH c t hon ton trong l t CTRSH trong mt
thi gian nht nh (v d 24 gi) bo m kt qu tin cy.
4. Cch tnh thi gian lu chy thc t
Trng hp khng c phng php o chnh xc nh o thi gian di chuyn
ca vt liu (ht) ch th trong vng t th cp, thi gian lu chy thc t ca l t
CTRSH c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Vtc
t=
Q
Trong :
- t: Thi gian lu chy thc t (s);
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp o trn thc t (m3);
- Q: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s). Lu
lng Q c th c tnh ton ngoi suy da trn lu lng ca dng kh thi o
ti im ly mu trn ng khi hoc cn c vo lu lng ca qut ht sau vng
t th cp.