MC LC

1. NI DUNG KHOA HC CN GII QUYT..............................................................................1

2. NHNG CNG VIC THC HIN.............................................................................................1
3. KT QU.......................................................................................................................................1
3.1. Vn hnh mt phng sch: Kim sot s nhim khun.......................................................1
3.1.1. M t................................................................................................................................1
3.1.2. Bc 1: Xc nh ngun v con ng nhim khun......................................................2
3.1.2.1. Ngun nhim khun................................................................................................2
3.1.3. Cch tip cn trong khng kh hoc do tip xc...............................................................2
3.1.4. Xy dng s cc nguy c............................................................................................3
3.1.5. Bc 2: nh gi s quan trng ca tng yu t.............................................................4
3.1.6. Bc 3: xc nh cch thc kim sot mi nguy him................................................5
3.1.7. Bc 4: Nhng phng php mu thm nh ri ro v phng php kim sot.........6
3.1.8. Bc 5: thit lp lch thm nh vi mc thng bo v hnh ng.............................8
3.1.9. Bc 6: Kim tra v nh gi li h thng.......................................................................9
3.1.10. Bc 7: Lp h s..........................................................................................................9
3.1.11. Bc 8: Hun luyn nhn vin.......................................................................................9
3.2. Ni quy phng sch............................................................................................................9
3.2.1. M t................................................................................................................................9
3.2.2. Ngi no c cho php vo phng sch.....................................................................10
3.2.3. Nhng vt dng ca nhn vin khng c php mang vo phng sch................11
3.3. Li vo v ra ca nhn vin............................................................................................20
3.3.1. M t.............................................................................................................................20
3.3.2. Trc khi vo phng sch............................................................................................21
3.3.3. Thay i qun o khi vo phng sch.........................................................................21
3.3.4. Cc th tc ri khi phng sch.................................................................................29
4. TI LIU THAM KHO............................................................................................................30
 DANH SCH H
Hnh 1- Ngun v cch thc di chuyn ca ht v s nhimnhim khun trong phng sch cng vi
cch ngn nga.......................................................................................................................................3
Hnh 2- Ngun v nhng ng nhim khun lin quan n my mc.................................................4
Hnh 3- Ca khng nn m.............................................................................................................13
Hnh 4- thit b h tr ng ca nn c lp t................................................................................13
Hnh 5- s phn tn ht theo chuyn ng...........................................................................................14
Hnh 6- Khng chm trc tip vo sn phm.....................................................................................15
Hnh 7- kp c s dng gim kha nng chm sn phm..............................................................15
Hnh 8-chm trc tip m khng c gng tay.......................................................................................16
Hnh 9- s dng dng c cm sn phm..........................................................................................16
Hnh 10- khng v liu h tr st bn c th...................................................................................17
Hnh 11- Khu trang khng c eo ng cch.................................................................................18
Hnh 12- Khng c chm vo b mt lm vic................................................................................18
Hnh 13- khng s dng khn mi xoa................................................................................................19
Hnh 14- my lm sch giy.................................................................................................................22
Hnh 15- Lt thm Decym ti li i vo phng sch............................................................................23
Hnh 16- Thay qun o trc i vo phng sch..................................................................................23
Hnh 17- ng h v nhn phi tho ra trc khi vo phng sch.......................................................24
Hnh 18- Loi b m phm trc khi vo phng sch.........................................................................24
Hnh 19- Ra tay trc khi vo phng sch.........................................................................................25
Hnh 20- Khu vc thay giy.................................................................................................................25
Hnh 21- Khu vc qun o trong phng sch..................................................................................26
Hnh 22- Cc thit b trc khi vo phng sch...................................................................................26
Hnh 23- ra tay sch trc khi eo gng............................................................................................27
Hnh 24- Hng dn thay qun o.......................................................................................................27
Hnh 25- Bng gh chun b vo phng sch.......................................................................................28
Hnh 26- Knh bo h...........................................................................................................................28
Hnh 27- Kim tra ton thn trc gng............................................................................................29
 DANH SCH BNGY
Bng 1: nhng yu t ph bin c xem l nguy him trong phng sch, ng ly lang, iu khin
v thm nh...........................................................................................................................................7
1. NI DUNG KHOA HC CN GII QUYT

- Tm hiu tiu chun phng sch

2. NHNG CNG VIC THC HIN

- Dch ti liu chng 15, 16 ,17

3. KT QU

3.1. Vn hnh mt phng sch: Kim sot s nhim khun

3.1.1. M t
Phn u ca cun sch m t cch phng sch c thit k v xy dng. Cc chng k
tip ni Chng ny ni v cch kim tra bo m rng phng sch c vn hnh
chnh xc. Trong by chng cui ti s m t cch phng sch hot ng nh th no
gim nguy c b m bo ti thiu ha s nhimnhim khun. Chng ny s m t nhng
ngun v nhng ng i ca s nhim khun trong phng sch v cch no kim sot
chng.

c th kim sot s nhimnhim khun trong phng sch u tin chng ta cn phi
nh gi cc nguy c, ri ro gy ra chngbit tt c cc ngun c th gy nguy him. Mt vi
h thng tn ti xc nh nhng ri ro nhimnhim khun trong qu trnh gia cng nh l
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) v Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA).
Nhng h thng ny vit v cho cc h thng in t v c kh nhng c th p dng cho
ton b cc yu t ri ro. H l nhng chuynchuyn gia trong lnh vc kim sot s
nhimnhim khun. Tuy nhin nhng ngi s dng phng sch cn mt ngn ng d hiu
hn nh h thng Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). H thng ny ngy
nay c s dng rng ri kim sot qu trnh nhimnhim khun trong ngnh cng nghip
thc phm. Tuy nhin h thng ny cn c trnh by v iu chnh li cho ph hp vi tiu
chun phng sch.
HACCP c 7 bc thc hin, nhng c b xung v sp xp li cho ph hp vi
tiu chun phng sch:
-Xc nh ngun gy nhim khun trong phng sch. Xy dng biu ri ro bit c
ngun gc v cch thc nhim khun.
-nh gi mc nghim trng ca cc ngun nhim khun, xem xt yu t c hi c
cn phi kim sot.nhng yu t trn v liu nhng yu t c kh nng kim sot hay
khng.
-Xc nh phng php dng kim sot nhng nguy himyu t c hi.
-Xc nh nhng phng php ly mu ph hp theo di s c gi tr kim sot
nhim khun, hoc ngh ra phng php kim sot n v phng php kim sot chng.

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 -Thit lp k hoch theo di vi cc mcThnh lp mt cch thc c ln lch cnh
bo v hnh ng khc phc ph hp khi vi phm cc mc. C nhng tnh ton v nh gi
ph hp.
-Kim tra li h thng kim sot nhim khun xem phng php s dng c hiu qu hay
khng bng cch xem xt t l sn phm liph thi, nhng kt qu kim tra, phng thc
kim tra, nu khng thch hp th iu chnh ngay.
-Lp thnh ti liu bo tr thch hp.
-o to nhn vin.
3.1.2. Bc 1: Xc nh ngun v con ng nhim khun.
3.1.2.1. Ngun nhim khun
Nhng v d v ngun gy nhimnhim khun c nu ra sau y:

Nhng khu vcphng ln cn phng sch b bn

Kh cung cp khng c lc
Khng kh trong phng
Con ngi
My chy c ti
Ngun nguyn liu th
Kho lu tr
ng gi

Nhng phng ln cn vi phng sch th gn nh l t sch hn phng sn xut. Nhng

khu vc airlock v tr ca m gia phng vt liu v phng thay s b nhimnhim khun
bi cc hot ng din ra cc khu vc ny, v ng i ngoi hnh lang v h thng thng
gi c th kh kim sot. Ngun kh cung cp vo phng, nu khng c lc khng ng
cng l mt ngun cha vi khun. Kh trong phng cng l ni cha vi khun c phn tn
t nhng ngun khc nh t ngi v my.

Sn nh, bc tng, trn nh v nhng b mt khc trong phng sch l nhng v d cho
ngun sn sinh vi khun. S nhimnhim khun c truyn t ngi chm vo chng hoc
c th do pht tn trong khng kh. Nhng b mt l ngun vi khun bi nu nh s dng cc
loiv chng c ch to t nhng vt liu c cht lng thp, khi s dng d b h hng to
ra si, phoi g, bi thch cao.

Qun o s dng trong phng sch, gng tay, mt n l nhng vt dng c th b nhim
cha vi khun do ngi s dng n hay do cc b mt phng sch. Nhn vin trong phng
sch c th pht tn vi khun t da, ming v qun o. S nhimnhim khun ny c th
truyn qua sn phm bi trong khng kh, hoc tip xc trc tip t tay ngi hay qun o.

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 My mc cng l mt ngun vi khun cn c xem st xt bi n c th to ra vi khun
trong qu trnh hot ng, sinh ra do nhit, in. Ngun vt liu th, nh kho, khu ng gi c
th mang vo hoc thi vo trong phng sch vi khun.

3.1.3. Cch tip cn trong khng kh hoc do tip xc.Khng kh v qu trnh tip
xc
Khng ch bit xc nh c ngun vi khun trong phng sch, chng ta cn phi xem
xt n bit cch m chng ly truyn. Hai con ng d nhn ra nht chnh l khng kh
v do tip xc

S nhimnhim khun c th c ln truyn trong khng kh t nhng ngun k trn v

c chuyn n sn phm. Nu l nhng ht nh chng c th khuch tn trong khng kh.
Tuy nhin nu chng ln nh nhng si hoc phoi n s b gi li trong gn khu vc pht sinh
v ri vo bn trong sn phmkhon gn .

Nhng con ng tip xc khi my mc, ti ng gi, vt liu th, gng tay, o qun, mt
n c th trc tip truyn vo cho sn phm. ng tip xc c th xy ra theo nhiu cch,
in hnh nh cm trc tip vo sn phm m gng tay ca h b nhimnhim khun. Hay
trng hp sn phm tip xc vi cc thng cha hoc bao b bn.

3.1.4. Xy dng s cc nguy c

Xy dng s nguy c l mt phng php hiu qu bit c ngun v phng thc
di chuyn ca vi khun n sn phm. Ci cch m sn phm b nhimnhim khun th kh
m hiu c, nhng bng cch xy dng biu th s d hiu hn. S nn biu hin
nhng nguy c c th, ng ly truyn chnh ca n, v cch thc kim sot s
nhimnhim khun ny.
Hnh di y m t m s nguy c trnh by nhng ngun chnh ca vi khun v s
nhimnhim khun dng ht trong phng sch. N cng bao gm nhng ng ly truyn
chnh v cch kim sot n. Phng thc nhim khun xung quanh phng kh l phc tp
bi theo l thuyt, phng sch c th b nhimnhim khun bi mi th. Trong thc t, ta ch
xem xt nhng yu t chnh. Chnh khng kh l mi trng nhn v di chuyn vi khun trong
phng sch.

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Hnh 1- Ngun v cch thc di chuyn ca ht v s nhimnhim khun trong phng sch cng vi
cch ngn nga

Hnh 2- Ngun v nhng ng nhim khun lin quan n my mc

3.1.5. Bc 2: nh gi mc ri ro s quan trng ca tng yu t c hi

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 Khi m nhng ngun pht sinh v ngun con ng ly nhim c xc nh, th bc
tip theo l cn phi nh gi mc ri ro ca nhng yu t . iu ny cng c gi l
bc phn tch ri ro. N gip ta xc nh c ngun no c nguy c nhtl quan trng, nu
c mt yu t nguy him v c nhiu yu t lin quan n n th ta cn nh gi mc khc
nhau.
Thng rt kh xc nh u l yu t nguy him nht. iu ny cng kh hn khi m
phng sch mi c hon thin v cha i vo hot ng bi v cn kt qu thm nh hiu
qu nng sau ny. Tuy nhin vic thiu kt qu thm nh khng nn ngn nga mt bi thm
nh s b c thc hin. bi v bc 6 ta cn kt lun li nhng yu t th nghim lin
quan n thm nh v nu cn thit c th thay i.
xc nh s quan trng ca tng yu t, ti a ra phng php sau. u tin xem
nhng yu t ri ro nh l mt bin s bit.
o Cn xc nh s lng cc yu t gy nhim khun trn, trong ngun c (nh du
l A)
o Gim nh i nhng Nhng yu t b phn tn hoc truyn i c xem xt mc
nh hn (nh du B)
o Ngun ln cn kh m sn phm phi ra trc tip (nh du l C)
o Trng hp d xy ra nht ca vic ly nhim vt qua khi tm kim sotLm th
no nhng yu t nhim bn c th d dng i qua cch thc kim tra (nh du D)

Bng sau trnh by nhng nhn t ri ro v xp sp xp chng theo gi tr c dng

nh gi. Mi nhn t nn c cho im t 0 n 2

S dng cng thc sau nh gi tt c cc yu t

Risk Rating= A . B . C . D
Mc ri ro c th c th hin cho mi ngun nhim V th vic nh gi mt yu
t ri ro c th t c cho mi ngun nhim khun. Bng nh gi ny c th c s dng
xc nh mc ri ros quan trng ca tng ngun v liu n c tc ng nguy him n
sn phm. Nu cn thit, c th nh gi bi k hiu thp, trung bnh hoc cao. V d, nu 1
yu t c nh gi thp hn l 4 c th cn nhc l thp, gia 4 v 12 c xem l trung
bnh v trn 12 l cao. Kinh nghim vi h thng s gip pht trin mt h thng hu dng.

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Vic nh gi ri ro cn c s dng xc nh mc trang b cn thit bao nhiu n lc
c em vo kim sot yu t . Tuy nhin, vic nh gi ny cng phi trn mt mc
thch hp bi n ch c s dng h tr trong phn nh gi ri ro v khng th d
on chnh xc c.
Nhng v d nh gi ri ro
V d 1: vic nh gi ri ro th yu cu thc hin theo nhng cu hi bc tng c
nh gi mc th no l sch. u tin, nhn t s lng nhimnhim khun nh du
l A. Nu nhn t s lng nhim khun l thp, cho 1 im. Mc d dng pht tn hoc
truyn i nh du l B, bi v n dng nh l rt kh, cho 0.5 im. Bi v bc tng l
bin ca phng, 1 im cho yu t tim cn C. V cng cho 1 im i vi yu t iu
khin ngun D nu tng c lm sch thng xuyn, 1.5 nu c lm sch khng thng
xuyn, 2 nu khng bao gi c lm sch. Do , tng im sau khi nh gi nm trong
khong 0.5 n 1V th vic nh gi nhng yu t trong khong 0 v 1 nn c thng dng.
iu ny chng t bc tng khng phi l mt ngun gy nhim khun quan trng.nhn t
nguyn him.
V d2: tay ca ta tip xc trc tip vo sn phm cn c xem xt. Ti a 2 im cho
nhn t A v B bi v bn tay phn tn s lng ln vi khun, mui v nhng vi khun ny d
dng truyn t ngi sang sn phm. 2 im cng cho yu t C bi nu tay khng mang gng
tay, mi nguy him gn nh c nh gi l 16. Nu c mang gng tay th ty thuc vo
mc h hi ca gng tay nh gi. eo 2 gng tay hoc cch li th s d dng kim
sot hn v s c nh gi l 0 im. Ta c th thy bn tay mc nguy him rt cao v
vic kim sot chng rt quan trng.
3.1.6. Bc 3: xc nh cch thc kim sot ngun nhim mi nguy him.
Khi m tt c cc ngun mi nguy him gy nhim khun trong phng sch c xc nh
v n c nh gi mc , sau ta cn xem xt nhng phng php c s
dng. Tm quan trng ca vic xc nh c c mt phng php kim sot hiu qu l
cn nn lin quan da trnn vic nh gi nhng nhn t ri ro bc trn. Ri ro cng
ln, phng php kim sot phi cng hiu qu. Nu c nhiu phng php kim sot th
phng php c hiu qu cao nht. Hnh sau m t phng php c th c s dng
iu khin ng lan truyn ca vi khun. l:
o HEPA hoc ULPA lc kh c th c s dng ngn nga bt k ngun nhim
khun no theo ng khng kh cp vo. Tuy nhin khng kh cha lc c th truyn
vo do dy lc b rch hoc do vic xy dng nh lc km.
o Nhim khun khng kh bn ngoi khu vc phng sch nh khu vc hnh lang, b
thng gi c th ngn nga i vo phng sch bng cch m bo rng khng kh di
chuyn t phng sch hng ra pha ngoi t khu vc sch sang khu vc t sch hn.
Ch kha kh Airlock hoc nhng dng kh khc bit gia cc phng i qua nhng
khung ca s m bo iu ny. S dng sn v trn nh trong phng sch c kh
nng dnh cao v kh nng loi bS dng tm dnh bi tin ch mt sn, bao ph

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 bn ngoi nhng i giy bn ngoi ngn nga s nhim bn nhng b mt b
nhim khun khng sch khi i vo trong phng sch.
o Mt d khng kh trong phng sch l mt con ng vi khun truyn i, n cng
l mt ngun vi khun. Khng kh trn cao c th l mt ngun vi khun, ta c th s
dng h thng qut thng gi lm long n, ta c th c lp hoc gii hn mi
trng lm vic to nn 1 ro cn vi cc ngun khng sch.
o Gim kh Kh nng truyn i ca vi khun thng qua tng, sn nh, mi nh c
gim i bng cch v sinh sch s. V s truyn nhimnhim qua ng khng kh c
th c kim sot bng qut thng gi. trc tip hoc gin tip.
o Con ngi ly truyn vi khun thng qua ming, tc, tay, qun o v da. Qun o v
gng tay trong phng sch s gim thiu s pht tn. Nu nh qun o khng gim
c th ta s s dng h thng thng giNgoi ra cn c s h tr ca h thng thng
gi i vi cc khun vi khun khng th kim sot c bi cc vt dng h tr trn.
o S nhim khun t my mc c th c ti thiu ha bi thit k ca my hoc s
dng h thng ht kh ht vi khun ra bn ngoi. Lm v sinh my sau khi gia
cng.
o Nguyn liu th dng ch to sn phm, hoc lp rp thnh sn phm, cng vi
khu cha v ng gi nn c lm t nhng vt liu khng sinh ra vi khun/bi
bn. N cng nn c sn xut trong mi trng gim thiu s tp trung ca vi
khun. V nn quan tm n qu trnh ng gi m bo rng n khng cha vi
khun trong qu trnh vn chuyn.

3.1.7. Bc 4: Nhng phng php mu thm nh ri ro v phng php kim

sot
Vic kim sot gii hn nhim khun ca nh my trong qu trnh sn xut l v cng
quan trng. Nu chng ta ly khng kh lm v d, vic p dng cc phng php o c
cc d liu v bi v vi sinh trong khng kh l cn thit sau chng ta s thnh lp
nhng phng php tnh ton vic phn tn vi sinh vt v i chiu theo cc tiu ch chp
nhn trong tiu chun ISO 14644. nhng tiu chun nh ISO 14644-1 nn c dng
gii hn. Tuy nhin nu do bn tay nhn vin gy nguy himnguy c ri ro cao th phng
php p dng l eo gng tay, thm nh vic gng tay c b thng l hay rch hoc c th
tnh ton s phn tn vi sinh vt trn b mt gng tay. Bng sau nu nhng yu t ph bin
c xem l nguy c caohim trong phng sch, ng ly lang, iu khin v thm nh
Bng 1: nhng yu t ph bin c xem l nguy himc nguy c ly nhim trong phng
sch, ng ly lang, iu khin v thm nh

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Bc 4 yu cu mt phng php ly mu c gi tr. Thut ng validate c m txem
nh l mt hnh ng nh gi th g cng vic no m bo ph hp cho mc ch
hoc cng vic l ng trong tnh hung ang c s dng. V mt thm nh, nhng
bc sau yu cu c thc hin:
o Thu thpChn la nhng dng cng c ly mu c hiu qu
o Hiu chnh dng c ly mumu

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o Xc nh nguyn nhnngun ly nhim c xem l quan trng thm nh
o Xc nh phng php ly mu l tt nht hin c hay cha
3.1.8. Bc 5: thit lp lch thm nh vi cc mc thng bo v hnh ngkhc
phc
Mt vi h thng thm nh c tnh lin tc, bi v vic gii hn ht bi trong phng
sch cht lng cao. Mc khc, nhng ngun khng ng k nh trn nh th khng cn
phi thm nh. S lnTn sut thm nh phi c ch r trong mi nguy ccho tng ri
ro nhim khun hoc phng php kim sot cho tng tiu chun phng sch khc nhau.
Khi m yu t cng nguy him th s ln ly mu cng nhiu.
Cn c nhng phng n khc phc khi m nhng s liu thm nh khng ttha
mn. Mt phng php hu ch y l thit lpnhng iu kin cnh bo v hnh
ng khc phcthng bo. Trong mt phng sch, n rt l bnhthng thng khi ta ch
xem xt nhng yu t vt qu gii hn trn v b i nhng gii hn di. Nhng cnh
bo c a ra cho nhng khu vc tp trung s nhim khun trn gii hn cho php
nhng vn cn c th kim sot c. Thng thng nu vic cnh bo khng din ra
thng xuyn trong thi gian ngn th cnh bo ch nhm mc nh lu cho cc hot
ng trong phng sch sau ny. Nu mc cnh bo tr nn thng xuyn hn th cn
thit phi c bin php khc phc. Hnh ng c thc hin khi m c mt yu t vt
mc cn phi kim tra ngay. Mt bn nh gi nn c lp ra xem c phi l mt
kt qu gi tokhng chnh xc hay khng, mt s nhm ln trong vic thu thp d liu
hay thc s l mt kt qu ng.
Phn tch thm nh v quyt nh cnh bo hay hnh ng l mt trong nhng yu t
kh khn.
3.1.9. Bc 6: Kim tra v nh gi li h thng
Mt phng php c thit lp kim tra xem h thng c trin khai ng hay
cha. Tnh hu ch ca n c th c ch ra bi s mc loi b t chi sn phm,
min l iu ny tha ng th h thng c xem nh l lm vic tt. Tuy nhin cng c
th tm mt phng php khc gim t l loi b t chi sn phm.
Vic kim tra hiu qu ca h thng thng gi lm vic tt c th c thc hin hin bi
s tnhkt qu m ton ht bi, mc vi khun, mc ca mu trong sn phm cui
cng. Xy dng mt quy trnh tng t nh l to mt mi trng cha vi sinh vt mc
trung bnh v sau xc nh s nhim khun, l mt trong nhng phng php hu
ch trong mt vi trng hp. C th kim chng mc hiu qu ca phng php bng
cch kim tra v thm nh kt qu.
Chng ta c th ti thm nh theo nhng bc sau:
o Mi lin h ca nhng yu t nguy him
o S cn thit v phng php kim tra yu t nguy him
o Tnh hiu qu ca phng php
o Sa nhng li trong lch thm tra
o Liu nhng cnh bo v hnh ng nn c nng ln hay h xung.
3.1.10. Bc 7: Lp h s

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 Mt h thng kim sot s nhimnhim khun mt cch hiu qu s c lp thnh ti
liu. (1)Nhng bc s c nu ra chng trc,(2) nhng bc thm nh, (3)kt
qu ca qu trnh thm nh. Bc (1) v (2) nn c cp nht thng xuyn c
nhng thay i.
Nhng bo co thng xuyn nn c ch ra trong mt phn tch ca kt qu thm nh
v bt k lch no t kt qu mong mun. Khi m mc hnh ng vt qu th nn
c bo co. Tng t i vi mc cnh bo
3.1.11. Bc 8: Hun luyn nhn vin.
Tt c mi n lc kim sot qu trnh nhim khun s tht bi nu nh nhng nhn vin
lm vic trong phng khng hiu cch phng sch hot ng v lm cch no h c th t
mnh gim kh nng nhim khun. H nn c o to nhng yu t gy nn s nhim
khun c khi ln u bc vo phng sch v khong thi gian trong s nghip ca h.

3.2. Ni quy phng sch

3.2.1. M t
Nhn vin phng sch l mt ngun gy nhim phng sch quan trng. Tt c nhng
vi sinh vt nh nht c tm thy trong phng sch n tbt ngun t nhn vincon
ngi. V h cng l mt ngun chnh pht tn ht bi v si. V th rt cn thit m
bo ti thiu ha gim ti a s nhim khun pht sinhc to ra v di chuyn bi nhng
hot ng ca con ngi nhn vin. Bng cch tun th cc quy nh phng sch, s
nhim ca sn phm c th c gim thiu. Bng nhng ni qui c th quan st s nhim
khun ca sn phm c th c ti thiu ha. Chng s c cp trong chng ny.
Khi m phng sch chun b c a vo hot ng m, nh qun l s i mt vi
nhim v tuyn dng nhng nhn vin lm vic trong phng sch, v xc nh cc quy
nh v con ngi qun l s kim tra nhng ngi lm vic trong phng, v xc nh ni
qui cn nhng g (bao gm c bo tr v dch v k thut) nn nn c tun th trong
phng sch. Hy vng rng chng ny s h tr nhiu trong vic .
Nn ghi ch li rng sn phm c sn xut trong phng sch rt nhy cm vi s
nhim khun v ni qui phng sch s phn nh iu ny.
3.2.2.Ngi no c cho php vo phng sch
Con ngi trong khi i b sn sinh ra khong 1 000 000 ht bi 0.5m v mang theo vi
ngn vi sinh vt mang theo trn mi 1 pht. Cng nhiu ngi, s pht tn trong phng sch
cng tngnhanh. V th rt quan trng trong vic ti thiu ha s ngi lm vic. v th Ngi
qun l nn m bo ch c nhng nhn vin cn thit c cho php i vo phng sch, v
ngi qun l nn m bo iu .
Bi v nhiu vn nhim khun b gy ra bi s thiu hiu bit, ch c nhng ngi c
hun luyn lm vic trong phng sch mi c php vonn c bit n phng sch. V
th nhn vin nn c hun luyn chnh thc trong nhng vn ca kim sot phng sch.

10
Nhng ngi n tham quan th khng c khuyn khch v ch c cho php di s kim
sot ca ngi qun l. Nu phng sch c b tr ca s cho khch nhn vo phng sch, iu
ny thng thng l . Cn ch c bit n dch v, bo tr, k thut vin, dng c v vt
liu ca h. Vn ny s c cp trong phn cui ca chng ny.
Nhng ngi bc vo phng sch khng c phn tn s lng ln cht gy nhim
hn ngi bnh thng. Nhng yu t sau y c xem xt l c kh nng gy nhim khun
cao hn bnh thng v v th khng th chp nhn c. S chp nhn ph thuc vo mc
gy ri ro v d nh liu vi sinh vt c gy hi v liu sn phm c phi l loi d nhy cm
vi vi khun hay khng. V th n s ph thuc vo quyt nh ca ngi qun l.
Nhng ngh xut sau cha bao gm nhng yu t c th i vi tngsau c th khc
nhau i vi tng loi nhn vin. Nn m bo rng s phn bit ny th khng phi phm
php cng nh khng cng bng. Danh sch di y cha nhng yu t tm thi. N bao
gm k c khi h c l do cho vic phn b nhn d s tm thi cho nhn vin bn ngoi
phng sch.
o Da c cc mng bong trc ln nh bnh vim da, chy nng, gu.Da b bt thng
mt s lng ln cc t bo da b phn tn nh bnh vim da, chy nng, gu xu.
o Nhng iu kinbnh ng h hp nh l b ho hoc s mi gy ra bi lnh, cm,
bnh phi mn tnh.
o Trong phng sch vi sinhsinh ha, cn phi che chn, bo h ph nhn vin bi s vn
chuyn khi s pht sinh vi sinh vt c th pht trin trong sn phm v c th gy ra
ph phm hoc bnh. Nhng iu kin thch hp trong phng sch nn c cn nhc
vi nhy cm ca sn phm i vi tng dng vi khun.
o Nhng ngi b d ng vi mi trng, gy ra s mi, nga, trc da, chy mi c th
khng thch hp lm nhn vinvic trong phng sch. Nhng ngi hay cm mo c
th cm thy thoi miy trong phng sch bi v h thng lc khng kh s lc nhng
cht gy d ng. Mt vi ngi c th b d ng bi vt liu c s dng trong phng
sch nh l (a) qun o c may t polyester, nha hoc cao su lm gng tay, (c)
cht ha hc c s dng nh acid, dung mi, cht ty ra, v sn phm c sn
xut trong phng v c th l cht khng sinh.
Ty thuc vo mc nhim khun trong phng sch, nhng iu kin c nu ra sau
y cn phi ch i vi tt c nhn vin gim thiu kh nng nhim khun:
o Nhn vin phi c thc v sinh c nhn. H nn tm ra thng xuyn v gi v
sinh u tc. H nn gi u sau khi ct tc trnh tc ri vo sn phm. Trong
trng hp da b kh, h nn s dng kem dng da thay th cht nhn da b thiu,
iu ny s gim s phn tn.
o Cc vt liu nh m phm, bt talcum, thuc xt tc, sn mng tay hay nhng vt liu
tng t th s khng c mang vo phng sch. Tt c nhng th c thm vo c
th ngi th nhn chung c xem nh l mt vt b nhim khun. Nhng loi m
phm c xem nh l mt vn quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut cht bn dn

11
 bi v n cha mt lng ln ion v c nh l titan, st, nhm, canxi, bari, natri v
magie. Trong ngnh cng nghip hnh nh, ion st v Iot sinh ra cc vn . Nhng
ngnh cng nghip khc nu khng c vn vi cht ha hc, vn c th gp vn
v mi ng dng s tch t mt lng ln ht trn da. Mt trong s s ri ra trong
phng sch.
o ng h v n trang khc cng khng c php mang vo phng sch. Nu trang
sc c mang vo th phi nm pha di qun o v gng tay. Nhn c th lm
thng gng tay v ly truyn vi khun t . Nhn vin c th b do d v nhng l do
tnh cm, tuy nhin phi tho nhn nh hn. H c th eo nhn nu vng da di
nhn cng nh nhn c ra sch. Ni m nhn c th lm rch gng tay th c th
dn mt lp keo ln.
o Nhng ngi ht thuc khi ni chuyn s sinh ra nhiu ht hn nhng ngi bnh
thng v nhng ha cht trong c th ca h. Cn phi m bo rng h khng ht
thuc vi gi trc khi vo lm vic trong phng sch. c bo co rng vic ung
nc trc khi vo lm trong phng sch s gim s lng ht xut ra t ming.
3.2.3.Nhng vt dng ca nhn vin khng c php mang vo phng sch
Nh nu t trc, khng c th g c cho php mang vo phng sch ngoi tr
nhng th yu cu trong qu trnh sn xut. Tuy nhin n cn ph thuc vo qun l phng
sch quyt nh xem ci g c xem l c th gy ra s nhim khun. Danh sch nhng th
khng c mang vo phng sch l:
o Thc n, nc ung, ko ngt, sin gum
o Chai hoc lon nc
o Nhng vt liu to khi
o My radio, my nghe nhc, in thoi di ng, giy
o Bo, tp ch, sch v, khn mi xoa
o Vit ch, ty xa
o V tin v nhng th lin quan.
3.2.4.Ni qui trong phng sch
Trong phng sch phi tun th nhiu nguyn tc v hnh vi m bo sn phm khng
b nhim khun. Ban qun l phi ra mt quy trnh ph hp trong phng sch. N s rt l
hu ch khi c nhng thng bo lm v khng c lm trong nhng khu vc thay i hay
khu vc sn xut. Nhng qui trnh thng thng c s dng c nu ra sau y. Nhng
th tc ny khng c xem xt s la chn qun o, gng tay, mt n v nhng dng lin
quan khc trong phng sch.
3.2.4.1. Lung kh di chuyn.
bo m rng khng kh khng c di chuyn t ni c mc nhim cao
sang ni c mc nhimnhim thp (v d nh khu vc hnh lang sang khu vc
sn xut l khng c php), nhng ni qui sau y nn c tun th:
Nhn vin khi vo v ra bt buc phi vo khu vc thay i. khu vc thay i
ny khng ch c xem l ni thay qun o, m l khu vc m gia khng
kh nhim bn ngoi hnh lang v khu vc bn trong sn xut. Nhn vin

12
 khng c php s dng li vo no khc nh li thot him ni m c th
dn trc tip khng kh bn ngoi vo khu sn xut.
Nhng cch ca khng nn m. Nu nh th khng kh s c truyn vo
trong do dng chy ca kh ni chung cng nh do s chnh lch nhit
gia hai phng.

Hnh 3- Ca khng nn m
Nhng ca ny cng khng c ng m qu nhanh, hoc khng kh c
bm t khu vc ny sang khu vc kia.
Nhng ca thng c m hng vo pha trong khu vc sn xut v c
gi kn bi p lc cao hn. Tuy nhin h tr nhng ngi mang vt liu,
nhng cnh ca c th m ra bn ngoi. Nhng ca ra vo nn c trang b
thit b ng ca m bo rng ca lun ng, v lun ng mt cch
chm gim khng kh truyn vo. Ca khng c tay cm s gip ngn nga
s nhim khun t gng tay.

13
 Hnh 4- thit b h tr ng ca nn c lp t.
Khi bc qua phng p sut, nhn vin nn dm bo rng cnh ca th nht
ng trc khi bc qua cnh ca tip theo. Kha in gia ca ra v ca
vo c th gip iu ny tuy nhin phi bo m rng khng c mi nguy
him no gy ha hon. Nhng n bo hiu bo hiu ca ra vo c
ng c s dng. Cc ni i qua phi c s dng theo phng thc
tng t.
3.2.4.2. Hnh vi nhn s
Nhng ngh di y nn c xem xt bo m rng nhn vic s khng
gy ra s nhim khun trong phng.
Nhng hnh vi sai lch th khng c cho php. S nhim khun t l thun
vi hot ng. mt ngi bt ng c th sinh ra 100 000 ht 0.5m/min.
Mt ngi di chuyn u, tay, c th c th to ra 1 000 000 ht 0.5m/min.
Mt ngi i c th to ta 5 000 000 ht 0.5m/min.

Hnh 5- s phn tn ht theo chuyn ng

Nhn vin nn t mnh nh v chnh xc vi sn phm, v th s truyn nhim
s khng lan n sn phm. H khng nn chm vo sn phm theo cch m
ht, vi c th ri vo sn phm. Nu nhn vin lm vic trong dng kh mt
chiu, h phi m bo rng mnh khng ng gia sn phm v ngun kh
sch. Nu nh vy th bi s bm ln b mt sn phm. Phng php lm vic
nn c bn giao t trc ti thiu ha kh nng truyn nhim.
Cn phi xem xt cch sn phm c sn xut v vn chuyn. Thut ng
khng chm nn c a ra ngn nga s truyn nhim t tay c eo
gng ln sn phm. Mc d gng tay c eo trong phng sch. N vn c
kh nng cn ngun gy truyn vi khun. Mt v d trong thut ng khng
chm l s dng mt cy kp thay cho bn tay.

14
 Hnh 6- Khng chm trc tip vo sn phm

Hnh 7- kp c s dng gim kha nng chm sn phm

Mi phng sc nn c qui nh v khng chm ring. Nhng hnh sau m t
nhng hnh vi khng ng trong khu vc sn xut trong phng sch:

15
Hnh 8-chm trc tip m khng c gng tay.

Hnh 9- s dng dng c cm sn phm

16
 Hnh 10- khng v liu h tr st bn c th
Nhn vi khng c vt liu h tr nm st bn c th. Mc d h c mc
qun o trong phng sch nhng n vn c kh nng b nhim khun.
Nhn vin khng nn ni chuyn trong qu trnh lm vic, nh nc bt s
mt i kh nng bo v gia m n v da v s nhim khun n sn phm.
Ni chuyn, ho, s mi c th gii phng s nhim khun t khu trang. Nu
nhn vin b ho hay s mi h nn hng v pha khc ca sn phm. Khu
trang nn c thay th sau khi nhy mi. Khu trang khng c eo di
mi m phi eo pha trn mi bi v nhng ht to c th gii phng t mi
khi b sc.

Hnh 11- Khu trang khng c eo ng cch

17
 Hnh 12- Khng c chm vo b mt lm vic.
Nhn chung nhn vin khng nn chm vo b mt lm vic trong phng sch.
Mt d b mt lm vic trong phng sch th sch hn nhiu so v b mt lm
bn ngoi, tuy nhin mt s b mt my lm vic c th c ht, vi, vi khun
trn . Nu nhn vin chm vo khu trang hoc qun o ca h, h c th
mang vi khun ln gng tay, v sau truyn ln sn phm. tay nm cht
trc mt nhn vin, theo phong cch ca bc s phu thut, s m bo rng
h khng v tnh chm vo b mt sn phm.
Khn tay mi xoa khng c php mang vo phng sch. y r rng l mt
nhn t truyn nhim vi khun.
Ra tay, kh trng l bt buc. Vic ra gng tay c th c s dng trong
phng sch ni m sn phm th c cm bng tay v iu ny c bit kh
m bo gng tay sch. V d khu vc sn xut dc phm v khun,
gng tay c ra vi cht dit khun thch hp vo lc u mi cuc phu
thut quan trng. Cn thng thng c s dng bi v chng khng li
lng d trn bao tay.
Hnh 13- khng s dng khn mi xoa

3.2.4.3. X l vt liu
Nhng yu cu i vi vt liu s dng trong phng sch c nu ra sau y:
Khn lau c t s tp trung nhim khun th c s dng. Dng khn s dng
ty thuc vo ti chnh cng ty v vt liu g c sn xut trong phng sch.
S di chuyn ca vt liu pha trong v ngoi phng sch nn c ti thiu
ha. Mi khi sn phm i ra khi phng sch th c kh nng b nhim khun
cao hn khi i vo khu vc t sch hn. V c c th mang s nhim khun
tr li phng theo cch tng t.
Lun c nhng bin php gim s nhim khun ca sn phm trong tng
gia on sn xut. Tuy nhin nu loi vt liu ch to sn phm d b nhim
khun th ta nn ct gi trong ngn kn, phng cha hay phng cch li. Nu

18
 dng kh trong phng sch l mt chiu, k lu tr cho php dng kh chy
qua l mt la chn tt. Vt liu khng nn trn sn.
Vt liu tha nn c nht vo mt ni d dng nhn ra v loi b n thng
xuyn khi phng sch
Phng sch nn c lm sch cho ng
Phng sch nn c gi gn gang, ngn np. Nu n khng gn gng, n
khng th sc.

3.2.4.4. Nhn vin bo tr v sa cha

Mc d thiu s hun luyn hoc s gim st, nhng ngi i vo phng sch
bo tr hoc sa cha my mc c th c xem l mt mi nguy him ng k.
Nhng k thut vin bo tr, tr khi c hng dn khc, s p dng k thut bn ngoi
phng sach. Nhn vin sa cha bn ngoi cng ty c th hon ton khng c hun
luyn trong k thut kim sot s nhim khun trong phng sch. Nhng qui tc sau
c p dng cho nhn vin bo tr v sa cha:
K thut bo tr v sa cha ch c cho php vo phng sch nu cho php.
K thut bo tr v sa cha nn c hun luyn k thut trong phng sch
hoc c quan st thn trng khi h lm vic trong phn sch.
K thut vin phi mt tng t nhn nhin trong phng sch v dng k
thut i vo v ra trong phng p sut.
K thut vin phi m bo h loi b qun o c hi m d, v phi ra tay
sch trc khi bc vo phng thay .
Dng c thng c s dng bo tr v v sinh phng sch nn c lm
sch (tit trng) v c ct trn k trong phng sch. Dng c bo tr nn
c lm t vt liu khng r
Nu k s dch v v nh thu mang dng c vo phng sch th nht nh
chng phi sch. V sinh dng c bng cn a s c s dng. Nhng dng
c v trang thit b cn thit trong phng sch nn c la chn, loi b vi
khun v cha trong ti thch hp. Khng nn ng vo cc hp dng c
thng thng v chng c th c vt rch, giy l nhng ngun d gy
nhim khun.
Cc ph tng hoc nhng th nh bng n hunh quang c bao b th
nhng bao b y nn c b ngoi khu vc sn xut
Nhng phng php nn c gi cho mi hot ng, m k thut kim
sot nhim khun c th c s dng vi tng c im ring.
Bt k hng dn hoc bn v trn nhng t giy khng phi trong phng
sch phi c ly ra khi phng sch. Chng c th c chp hnh trong
phng sch, giy c p trong nhng tm nha, hoc trong cc ti kn.
Cc hot ng to ra ht nh khoan l, sa trn nh v sn nh nn c cch
li vi phn cn li c th s dng my ht loi b bi.

19
 K thut vin khng c mang nhng vt liu vo phng sch theo qui nh
K thut vin nn dn dp gn gng khi h hon thnh v m bo rng khu
vc c lm sch theo mt ngi c kin thc thch hp. ch c nhng
nhn vin lm sch, vt liu, trang thit b c chp nhn c s dng trong
phng sch mi c s dng.

3.3. Li vo v ra ca nhn vin

3.3.1.M t
C th con ngi c th mang hng triu vi khun, ht bi t qun o, da, Do nhn
vin lm vic trong phng sch cn c thy v qut bi hn ch mang vi khun

3.3.2.Trc khi vo phng sch

Mt c nhn khng sch s th khng c chp nhn vo phng sch. Tuy nhin vic
th khng r nhn vin thng tm nh th no, c rt t h s khoa hc nghin cu vn
ny. R rang vic tm l cn thit nu ai mi ct tc v b rng tc nhiu. Ngi ta bit
rng vic otaams ra c th loi b lp du t nhin ca da v mt s ngi vic phn tn
cc lp sng v vi khun trn da c th tng ln. Nhng ngi da kh th suwrt dng kem
dng da ly li du da mt.
Vic xem xt nn mang qun o nh th no l tt nht trong phng sch. Qun o c
lm t cc si nhn to nh polyester, tt hn vi lm t len v bng v si tng hopwlj t phn
tn ht v si. Cc loi vi dt thong cng l mt thun li, v chng c hiu qu hn trong
vic lc v kim sot cc ht v cc phn t vi khun c th phn tn t da. Vn ny uc
khc phc nu nhn vic c cp pht ca nh my. N c lm t loi vi khng s v
lc s phn tn ca cc phn t t da ngi.
Nhn vin phi cn nhc vic s dng nc hoa, m phm, sn mng tay. nh nu
cn thit, nhng vic ny s b loi b ti nh my. Nhn vic cng phi xem li vic mang
nhn, ng h v c gi tr vo cng vic v nhng c th b thu khi mang theo.
Nhng iu ny v cc vn khc lin quan ti vic nhn vin i vo phng sch c bn
lun mc 16.

3.3.3.Thay i qun o khi vo phng sch

Phng php thay i qun o khi vo phng sch l mt trong nhng phng php
gim thiu nhim t qun o bn ngoi. Nhng th tc c sut th khng cn thit
cc tng d hn phng sch v cc th tc tip theo c a vo phng sch sn xut cc
sn phm rt d b nhim bn. Cn lu rng cc bin php thay th c s dng cc
phng sch trc, v iu ny l hon ton chp nhn min l chng c th kim sot
nhimnhim ph hp vi tiu chun ca phng sch.
Thit k khu vc thay uc tho lun trong chng 5 c gaiir thch rng khu vc
thay c chia thnh cc khu. N c th l cc phng hoc c ngn ra bi cc bang gh.
Vic thay i cc khu vc c th khc nhau trong thit k nhng thng c thy vi 3 khu
vc:

Khu vc trc khi thay

20
 Khu vc thay
Khu vc i vo phng sch

3.3.3.1. Tm hiu khu vc trc khi thay

Trc khi bt u thay qun o vo phng sch, nhn vin phi thi mi ca h, vic ny
khng th lm trong phng sch n rt cn thit tit kim 1 qung ng ra khi phng
sch. H cng cn phi i v sinh trc khi vo v nu vic i v sinh s phi lp li qui trnh
thay khc.
Trogn phng sch giy bn ngoi khng uc tho ra hoc c che ph mt cch hiu
qu v cn s dng cht ty ra giy, cht ty ra c c bit thc hin gi li cc tp
cht phn tn t giy.
Nhng tm thm hoc sn nh sch s c s dng trong li i hng lang ca phng
sch, chng c sn xut c bit s dng trong phng sch. C 2 loi chung: mt loi
c cn mng t cc lp nha dnh, mt mt khc t cc cht do dnh c. C 2 loi iu
lm vic bng cch loi b bi bn t lng bn chn nhn vic khi i qua chng. Sau mt thi
gian chng s b bn, i vi loi bn phim nha ch cn bc lp bn i s l ra lp mi cn
i vi nha plastic c n hi tt nn ch cn ra sch.

Hnh 14- my lm sch giy

Nu s dng tm lt mng, giy nn c p ln thm ba ln m bo loi b c tt
c cc vt bn trn da. Nu s dng loi sn phng sch c tnh n hi, n c th ph ln mt
din tch b mt sn ln m bo rng cc bc c t vo n m bo loi b
bn. y l mc ti thiu ca mt ln cho mi chn, ngha l su trong s tt c.

21
 Hnh 15- Lt thm Decym ti li i vo phng sch

3.3.3.2. Khu vc trc thay

Trong khu vc ny cn thc hin cc cng vic sau:

1. Nhn vin nn ci b qun o ng ph hoc nh my cm thy thoi mi trong
phng sch. Nu cng ty cung cp qun o chuyn dng mc trong phng sch, th tt
c qun o ng ph phi c ci ra v thay th bng ng phc ca nh my.

22
 Hnh 16- Thay qun o trc i vo phng sch
2. ng h v nhn cn c ci b. Chng c th gy bn, gy nhim ha hc v ht, v
c th phi mang gng tay. Nhn ci trn tru c th c gi nu vng c gi sch s.
Nhng chic nhn khng trn c th c gi li. Cc vt dng nh thuc l, bt la, v
v c gi tr khc phi c bo qun an ton.

Hnh 17- ng h v nhn phi tho ra trc khi vo phng sch

3. Loi b m phm, v nu cn, dng kem dng m cho da thch hp. Thnh phn 1 cht
dng m cn c xem xt m bo rng khng c ha cht no c s dng trong
cng thc gy ra cc vn nhim bn trong sn phm ang c sn xut.

Hnh 18- Loi b m phm trc khi vo phng sch

4. Mang mt chic m phng dng 1 ln hoc mt chic m long, iu ny m bo tc bn
khng b ri v dnh trogn phng sch.
5. Mang bread cover khi c th.
6. Mang giy dp dng 1 ln hoc thay th bng giy chuyn dng trong phng sch.
7. Nu my ra tay c t trong khu vc ny th ra tay, lm kh tay v nu cn thit s
dng kem dng da thch hp. Tuy nhin ra tay trc khi thay s tt hn, s dng
gng tay mc qun o sch v sao ra chng y. Trong phng sch, iu s

23
 cn thit ra tay vi vic kh trng ph hp vi da. Tay s c lm kh vi khan mm
hoc my sy tay.

gia 2 khu vc s c ngn cch bng 1 cnh ca hoc 1 bng gh di hoc c hai. Bng gh
c xay dng quanh khu vc nhn vin khng th i vng quanh. Nhn vin phi dng li
ti thm v t chn 3 ln ti thm m bo rng n sch s v mc nhimnhim ti thiu

Hnh 19- Ra tay trc khi vo phng sch

Hnh 20- Khu vc thay giy

3.3.3.4. Khu vc thay

Ton b qun o s dng trong phng sch iu c a n khu vc ny. Cc phng

php thng c s dng theo cc ngh.

24
1. Qun o c la chn mc. Nu s dng qun o ti mt phi c kim tra kch c
v ng gi m bo rng khng c ng hi nc v cht bn.

Hnh 21- Khu vc qun o trong phng sch

2. Mc n, m trm u c mang vo. N xut hin to ra 1 s khc bit nh khi mc n
mang di m trm u l phng php thoi mi nht. khi mang m trm u tc phi
c tm gn vo bn trong v iu chnh sao cho thoi mi.

Hnh 22- Cc thit b trc khi vo phng sch

3. Nu h thng ra tay c t trong khu vc ny th phi ra tay v kh trng nu cn
thit. y l khong thi gian thun tin ra tay khi mc sch uc x l v
trnh lp li.
4. Gng tay tm thi thng c s dng ngn chn cc tc nhn bn ngoi vo qun o
phng sch b nhim bn. vic s dng gng tay th hn ch chng ch c a vo khi
c yu cu.

25
 Hnh 23- ra tay sch trc khi eo gng
5. Bao b cn c ly ra t vic ng gi v m ra m khng chm sn. Thnh thong c th
git qun o phng sch gp li theo phng php s gim thiu qun o chm sn v
kh nng nhimnhim khun t tay nhn vin. iu khng th thc hin nn tao xem
xt cc iu sau y.
V bc c s dng c th loi b khi ng gi v khng cho php n ng sn. N nn
c nn li v xa con ngi. Cc phng php t qun o ln m khng chm sn:
V bao c th c tp trung vi nhau ti 4 im, 2 c tay v 2 mc c chn. Sau
t 1 chn vo ri n chn cn li th s khng chm sn.
Qun o uc gi mc eo, cc phn khc c tp trung li, v cho 1 chn vo
sau chn cn li. phn trn c tho trn qua vai.
C tay tri v dy ko tri c a vo tay tri v tay phi cng vy. V bao
c tp trung phn tht lng sau cho tng chn vo qun.

Hnh 24- Hng dn thay qun o

26
 3.3.3.5. Khu vc vo phng sch

1. C 1 bng gh di l hp l, bang gh ny dng phn ranh gii hn gia vng thay d

v khu vc vo phng sch v cho php mang giy sch.

Hnh 25- Bng gh chun b vo phng sch

2. Nhn vin ngi tren bng gh, mt chn c a ln giy dp phng sch c a vo,
chn chuyn ln bng gh v t xung sn phng sch li hng lang. trong khi ngi
qun o v giy s c iu chnh cho thoi mi v an ton. Sau nhn vin mi c
ng dy.
3. Knh bo h c th cng c s dng, n khng ch v s an ton m cn v long mi s
ri vo sn phm.

27
 Hnh 26- Knh bo h
4. Mc xong cn phi c kim tra qua 1 tm knh ton thn.

Hnh 27- Kim tra ton thn trc gng

28
5. Nu gng tay c s dng th ta phn pht ngay by gi, tuy nhin chng ta c th gi v
1 i gng tay sch lm vic c u tin nhng nhy cc ngn tay s mt.
6. Nu cn thit tay v gng tay c th c ra sch bng cn c cha cht ty u da trong
phng th nghim sinh hc. ngoi hiu qu n cn gim nguy c tng trng vi sinh vt.
7. Gng tay lm vic nn c a vo m khng b nhimnhim khun bn ngoi, trong
phng sch n uc s dng cho nhn vin sn xut

3.3.4. Cc th tc ri khi phng sch

Khi ri khi phng sch, nhn vin phi ci b tt c qun o ca h v ti s dng mt

b qun o mi, b cc vt dng s dng mt ln v ti s dng cc vt dng c th dng li.
Nu cn phi thay i hon ton qun o khi nhp li, sau cc vt dng dng mt ln
nh m trm u, gng tay, mt n v giy dp dng mt ln c t trong mt thng cha
x l. Nu phn cn li ca qun o khng dng mt ln th nn t trong mt thng cha
ring gi n phng git hoc ch bin.
Nu qun o c s dng li khi vo li, nn tho ra bn ngoi qun o b nhim
cng t cng tt. Giy dp phng sch s c tho ra, mi ln mt ln, ti mt bng gh d b
cho, v mi chn c ly qua bng gh d b. Bao b sau s c gii nn v ly ra bng
tay trong o tho ra qua vai v xung n eo. t th ngi, mt chn c tho d. Cnh
tay v chn khng ca qun o nn c gi chng khng chm vo sn nh. Chn khc c
th c g b. Mt n v m trm c th c loi b.
Qun o ti s dng c th uc ct gi trnh nhim khun, vic ny c thc hin bng
nhiu cch:

Mi loi qun o c th c cun li. Trong trng hp giy dp phng sch, nn

lm nh vy giy bn bn ngoi. Giy dp by gi c th c t trong cc
l chim b cu ring bit v m trm v khan bt ming (hoc np v o chong)
khc. Nu cn thit, cc vt c th c t vo ti trc khi a vo l chim b
cu.
Qun o nn c mc v treo ln tt nht trong t, giy dp phng sch nn di
cui, tt nht khng cho qun o chm sn, trnh nhim bn.
C th s dng ti ng qun o, mi loi c mi ti khc nhau v ti c git
thng xuyn.

29
4. TI LIU THAM KHO

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polymethyl methacrylate intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification: a
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2. Shah A, Spalton DJ, Gilbert C, et al. Effect of intraocular lens edge profile on
posterior capsule opacification after extracapsular cataract surgery in a developing
country. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(7):1259-1266.

3. Alio JL, Chipont E, BenEzra D, Fakhry MA. Comparative performance of

intraocular lenses in eyes with cataract and uveitis. J Cataract Refract Surg.
2002;28(12):2096-2108.

4. Farbowitz MA, Zabriskie NA, Crandall AS, et al. Visual complaints associated
with the AcrySof acrylic intraocular lens. J Cataract Refract Surg.
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5. Izak AM, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Loop memory of haptic materials in posterior
chamber intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2002;28(7):1229-1235.

6. Leydolt C, Davidovic S, Sacu S, et al. Long-term effect of 1-piece and 3-piece

hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens on posterior capsule opacification: a
randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(9):1663-1669.

7. Bender LE, Nimsgern C, Jose R, et al. Effect of 1-piece and 3-piece AcrySof
intraocular lenses on the development of posterior capsule opacification after
cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30(4):786-789.

8. Findl O, Drexler W, Menapace R, et al. Accurate determination of effective lens

position and lens-capsule distance with 4 intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract
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9. Frohn A, Dick HB, Augustin AJ, Grus FH. Late opacification of the foldable
hydrophilic acrylic lens SC60B-OUV. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(11):1999-2004.

10. Habib NE, Freegard TJ, Gock G, et al. Late surface opacification of Hydroview
intraocular lenses. Eye. 2002;16(1):69-74.

11. Schmidbauer JM, Werner L, Apple DJ, et al. Postoperative opacification of

posterior chamber intraocular lensesa review. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd.
2001;218(9):586-594.

12. Findl O, Menapace R, Sacu S, et al. Effect of optic material on posterior capsule
opacification in intraocular lenses with sharp-edge optics: randomized clinical
trial. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(1):67-72.

13. Mainster MA. Violet and blue light blocking intraocular lenses: photoprotection
versus photoreception. Br J Ophthalmol. 2006;90(6):784-792.

14. Vass C, Menapace R, Schmetterer K, et al. Prediction of pseudophakic capsular

bag diameter based on biometric variables. J Cataract Refract Surg.
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movement of an accommodative intraocular lens. In: Guthoff R, Ludwig K, eds.
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17. Koeppl C, Findl O, Menapace R, et al. Pilocarpine-induced shift of an

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18. Hancox J, Spalton D, Heatley C, et al. Objective measurement of intraocular lens
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