WH 4851903 Ob30155 530 mm INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 7730 Moderate thermal environments — Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort Ambiances thermiques modérées — Détermination des indices PMV ot PPD et spécifications des conditions de confort thermique Reference number ISO 7730-1984(E)or. WH 4851903 OL3015b 477 mm 1SO 7730:1994(6) Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references: nnimmninnnnnnnnnn 1 3 Predicted mean vote (PMV “ vo 4 Prodicted porcontage of cissatistied (PPD) 3 5 Draught rating 4 6 Acceptable thermal environments for comfort 5 ‘Annexes ‘A Metabolic rates of different activities, 6 B Computer program for calculating predicted mean vote (PMV) and. predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) 7 © Tables for determining predicted mean vote (PMV) at 50 % relative humiaity sn Sn 1 D Recommended thermal comfort requirements iunnnnne 20 Estimation of thermal insulation of clothing ensembles... 24 F Bibliography 27 © 180 1988 Al rights reserved. Uniess otherwise specified, no pert of ths publication may be reproduced ‘oc uthzed in any form arby any means, electron oF Mechareal, \CUaINg PMOTOCOBYING BAG fmocofim, wathout parmiaaion in wnting from the publisher International Organization fr Standardization CCaae Postale $8 » CH 1211 Geneve 20 » Swstzelond Pinte in Suatzeand Copyright by the Inernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21.4544 2012Copyrigh by the Inter Wed Apr 18 21.4544 2012 @™@ 48525903 0630157 303 mm ional Organization For Standardization iso 1S0 7730:1994(E) Foreword ISO (the Intemational Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide ‘ederation of national standerds bodies (ISO member bodies). The work Cf preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in 2 subject for Which 2 technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental ‘and non-governmental, in lisison with [SO, also take part in the work, ISO collaborates closoly with the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are Circulated to the member bodies for voting, Publication as an International Stendard requires approval by at least 76 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO 7730 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC_159. Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 5, Ergonomics of the phys- cal environment. This second edition cencels and replaces the first edition {ISO 7730:1984}, of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annoxes A, B and C form an integral part of this International Standard. ‘Annexes D, E and F are for information only.Copy nt by th MH 4851903 Ob30158 24T ISO 7730:1994(E) ©1so Introduction This International Standard is one of a series of standards, specifying metnoas of measuring and evaluating moderate and extreme thermal en- vironments to which man is exposed, This International Standard covers the evaluation of moderate thermal en- vironments Man's thermal sensation is mainly rolated to the thermal balance of his body as @ whole. This balance is intluenced by his physical activity and clothing, as well as the environmental parameters: air tempereture, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and sir humidity When these factors have been estimsted or measured, the thermal sen- sation for the body as a whole can be predicted by calculating the pre- dicted mean vate (PMV) index as described in clause 3. The predicted percentage of dissatistied (PPD) index provides information con thermal discomfort or thermal dissatisfaction by predicting the per- centage of people likely to feel too hot or too cold in a given environment. The PPD can be obtained from the PMV as described in clause 4. ‘Thermal discomfort may also be caused by an unwanted local cooling (or heating} of the body. The most common local discomfort is draught. de- fined as a local cooling of the body caused by air movement. Clause 5 describes how the percentage of dissatisfied due to draught can be pro- dicted from the model of draught rating. Clause 6 deals with specifications on thermal environmental conditions acceptable for comfort. Dissatisfaction may be caused by hot or cold dis- comfort for the body as a whole. Comfort limits can in this case be ex- pressed by the PMV and PPD indices. But thermal dissatisfaction may also be caused by draught and comfort mits may he exprassed hy the mavial of draught rating Recommended comfort requirements are given separately in annex D. If required, wider thermal comfort limits than recommended in ennex D may 'be established following the principles laid down in this International Standard. e Inlernatoral Organization For Slandardlzaton Wed Apr 18 21.4545 2012Copy nt by th MM 4851903 0630359 6b a INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 7730:1994(E) Moderate thermal environments — Determination of the PMV and PPD indices and specification of the conditions for thermal comfort 1 Scope ‘The purpose of this International Standard is a} to present a method for predicting the thermal sensation and the degree of discomfort (thermal dlissatistaction) af people exposed to maderate thermal environments, and b) to specify acceptable thermal environmental con- ditions for comfort. The International Standard applies to healthy men and women. It was onginally based on studies ot North ‘American and European subjects but agrees also wel with recent stucies of Japanese subjects exnosed t0 moderate thermal environments. itis expected to @p- ply with good approximation in most parts of the ‘world, but ethnic and nationalgeogrephic deviations may Occur and require further studies. It applies to people exposed to indoor environments where the aim is to attain thermal comfort, or indoor environ- ments where moderate deviations from comfort oc- cur. In extreme thermal environments other International Standards apply (see clause 2 and annex F). Deviations may occur for sick and cisabled people. This International Standard may be used in the design of new environments or in assessing existing ones. It has been prepared for working environments but can be applied to any kind of environment. 1) Tobe published, e Inlernatoral Organization For Slandardlzaton Wed Apr 18 21.4545 2012 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text. constitute provisions of this International Standard, At the time of publi cation, the editions indicated were valid. All standerds are subject to revision, and parties to agreements bbased on this Internationel Standerd are encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most ro cent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of cur rently valid Intemational Standards. 150 7726:1985, Thermal environments — Instru- ments and methods for measuring physical quantities. ISO 8996:1990, Ergonomics — Determination of ‘metabolic heat production 180 9920-—", Ergonomics of the thermal environ- ment — Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble. 3 Predicted mean vote (PMV) 3.1. Determination The PMV Is an index that predicts the mean value of the votes of a large group of persons on the following ‘7-point thermal sensation scele:Copyright by U Wed Apr 18 21 WH 4851903 OL30260 978 mm 1SO 7730;1994(E) +3 hot 420 warm +1 slightly warm 0 neutral = 1 slightiy coo! -2 cool =3 cold The PMV index can be determined when the activity {metabolic rate) and the clothing (thermal resistance) are estimated, and the following environmental pe- jamelets are measured: air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity and partial water va- pour pressure (see ISO 7726). ‘The PMV index is based on heat balance of the hu: man body. Man is in thermal balance when the internal heat production in the body is equal to the loss of heat to the environment. Ina moderate environment, man's thermoregulstory system will automatically try to modify the skin tem perature and the sweat secretion to maintain he: bbalance, In the PMV index the physiological response of the thermoregulatory system has been related sta- tistically to thermal sensation votes collected from more than 1 300 subjects. ‘The PMV is given by the equation: PMV = (0,303 e"™*™ + 0,028) (a — W) — 3,05 x 10°" x [5 733 - 6,99(M - W) - p,] — 0,42 x [(M— W) — 58,18] - 1.7 = 10° 5(S 867 — p,) = 0,001 4M (34 — 1) - 3.96 « 10% x [e+ 273)* - & +273)‘] — forces - 4) Qa where te= 95,7 ~ 0,028(M ~ W) ~ 1,{3.98 x 107%, x [a+ 273)" = (, +273)4] + foh eu 1} 2) 1 metebolic unit - 1 met ~ $8,2 Win? 3) 1 clothing unit = 1 clo = 0,188 m™-C/w International Organization Por Standardization 46.46 2012 iso 23844 — 4)? for 2.98(¢— 42 > 12,14/ry_ “Yanai for 2.98(iy— 1) < 12.14/05, 1,00 + 1,290fg for fy < 0,078 m?-"C/W Fa 1105 + 0.645%, for fa > 0,078 m?C/W where PMV is the predicted mean vote; Mis the metabolic rate, in walts per square metre of body surface areo?; Ws the external work, in watts per square metre, equal to zero for most activities; Jy is the thermal resistance of clothing, in square metres degree Celsius per watt fa i8 the ratio of man's surface area while clothed, to man's surface area while nude; is the air temperature, in degrees Celsius; is the mean radiant temperature. in de- grees Celsius; ty is the relative air velocity (relative to the human body), in metres per second; Pa is the pertiel water vapour pressure, in pascals; his the convective heat transter coefficient, in watts per square metre degree Celsius; fs IS the surface temperature of clothing, in degrees Celsius. From equation (1) the PMV can be calculated for dif ferent combinations of metabolic rate, clothing, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity and air humidity. The equations for ;, and A, may be solved by iteration. The PMV index is derived for steady-stete conditions but can be applied with good approximation during minor fluctuations of one or more of the variables, provided that time-weighted averages of the variables during the previous 1 h period are applied. It is recommended to use the PMV index oniy for values of PMV between ~ 2 and + 2. Furthermore, it is recommended to use the PMV index when the six main parameters ere inside the following intervals:Copy nt by th e Inter WH 4852903 Ob302b2 834 mm so M = 46 Wir to 282 Wim? (0,8 met to 4 met) Jy = 0 m®CW to 0.310 m*"C/W (0 clo to 2 clol 1,2 10°C to 30°C. i= 10°C 10 40°C vy = 0 mis to 1 mis NOTE 1 During light, mainly sodontary activity, 3 mean velocty inside tis range may be felt asa draught To imit te draught, the mean velocity should be lower than speciied in figure D2 Pato 2 700 Pa ’ NOTE 2 Inside this range it is furthermore rec ‘ommended that the relative humidity be kept between 30 % and 70 % (see annex Di. The metabolic rate can be estimated using table A.1 ‘and the thermal resistance of clothing can be esti mated using tables E.1 and €.2, taking into account the type of work and te lime of year. For varying metabolic rates, it is recommended to estimete 0 time-weighted average during the previous 1 h period, ‘The PMV may then be determined in one of the fol lowing ways: a) from equation (1) using @ computer. A BASIC program is given in annex B; b) directly from annex C, where tables of PMV vak ues are given for different combinations of ac- tivity, clothing, operative temperature and relative veloci NOTE 3. The operative tomporature fis the uniform ‘temperature of a radiantly black enclosure in which an ‘occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual norruniform ‘environment. In most practical cases where the relative ‘velocity is small (< 0,2 mis), of where the difference between mean radiant and sit temperature is small (<4 °C}, the operative temperature can be calculated with sufficient approximation as the mean value of air and mean radiant temperature. For higher precision the following formula may be used aay + (Ale where the value of a can be found from tne values De- low a9 8 function of the relative air velocity, ry, in me- ‘tes per second: tw 502 0.21006 061010 A os os or ional Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21.45.46 2012 1SO 7730:1994(E) The PMV values given in annex C apply for a relative humidity of 80 %. The influence of humidity on thermal ‘sensation is small at moderate temperatures close to ‘comfort and may usually be neglected when datermi Ing the PMY value. €) By direct measurement, using an integrating sen sor 3.2 Applications The PMV index can be used to check whether a given thermal environment compiles with the comfort cri= teria given in clause 6 and annex D. ‘The PMV index may also be used to establish wider limits for acceptability in spaces with comfort re- uirements lower than those given in clause 6 and annex D, By setting PMV = 0, an equation is established which predicts combinations of activity, clothing and en- vironmental parameters which will provide a thermally neutral sensation, ‘As an example, figureD.1 shows the optimal oper- ative temperature as 2 function of activity and cloth. ing, 4 Predicted percentage of dissatis {PPD) The PMV index predicts the mean value of the ther- mal votes of a large group of people exposed to the same environment. But individual votes are scattered around this mean value and itis useful to predict the number of people likely to feel uncomfortably warm 0 coo, The PPD index establishes a quantitative prediction of the number of thermally dissatisfied people. The PPD predicts the percentage of a large group of people likely to feel too warm or cool, i.e. voting hot. (43), warm (+21, cool (= 2) or cold (- 3) on the 7-point thermal sensation scale. When the PMV value has been determined, the PPD. can be found from figure 1. or determined trom the equation PPD = 100 — 96 x @° (000959 PN 02179 «A ‘The PPD-index predicts the number of thermally dis- satistied persons among a large group of people. The rest of the group will feel thermally neutral, slightly warm, or slightly cool. The predicted distri bution of votes is given in table 1WH 4852903 Ob301b2 770 a ISO 7730:1994(E) © 180 WE Doe 8b SSx Preticted percentage of dissatisfied fuces 8 -20 -15 -10 -05 0 O05 10 15 20 Predicted mean vote Figure 1 — Predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) ac a function of prodicted mean vote (PMV) Table 1 — Distribution of individual thermal sensation votes (based ‘on experiments involving 1 300 subjects) for different values of me voto Percentage of persons predicted to vote pmv | PPD ° =1,00re1 = 10, +1 0r+2 +2 | 75 5 25 70 +i | 26 2 % 06 of 5 35 95 100 -1 | 2 27 % 98 -2 | 3% 5 2 % 5 Draught rating 4, is the local air temperature, in degrees Celsius; y is the focal mean air velocity, in metres per Draught is an unwanted local rating cooling of the second, body caused by air movement The draught rating may be expressed as the percentage of people pre~ Tu 8 the local turbulence intensity, in per dicted to be bothered by draught. The draught rating cent, defined as the ratio of the standard (OR) may be calculated by the following equation deviation of the local air velocity to the lo- {model of draught rating): cal meen air velocity. DR = (34 ~1,)(v — 0,05)""(0,37-v-Tu + 3,14) The model of drought rating is based on studies comprising 150 subjects exposed to air temperatures where of 20 °C to 26 °C, mean air velocities of 0,05 mys to 0,4 mjs and turbulence intensities ot (0% to /0% ‘DR Is the raught rating, ie. the percentege The model applies to people at light, mainly sedentary of people dissatisfied due to draught; Copyright bythe Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 214547 2012Copy nt by th M@™ 4551903 0630163 607 mm © 1SO activity, with @ thermal sensation for the whole body close t0 neutral. The sensation of Greught is lower at activities higher than sedentary and for people feeling warmer then neutrel 6 Acceptable thermal environments for comfort ‘Thermal comfort is datinad as that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal en- vironment. Dissatisfaction may be caused by warm or coo} aiscomfort of the body as a whole as ex: pressed by the PMV and PPD indices. But thermel uissatislaction may also be caused by an unwanted cooling (or heating) of one pertioular part of the body, for example draught es exprosced by the model of drought rsting. Local discomfort may also be caused by an abnormally high vertical temperature diterence between head and ankles, by too warm of cool a floor fr by too high a radiant temperature asymmetry. Dis- e Inlernatoral Organization for Standardization Wed Apr 18 214547 2012 ISO 7730:1994(E) comfort may aiso be caused by too high @ metabolic rete, or by heavy clothing, Due to individual differences, it is impossible 10 specify a thermal environment that wil satisfy every- body. There will always be @ percentage of dissatis- fied occupants. But it is possible to specify environments predicted to be acceptable by a certain percentage of the occupants. Comfort requirements are recommended in annex D, predicting an accept- abla thermal sensation for 90 % of the occupants and predicting that 85% of the occupants will not be bothered by draught. In some cases a highor thermal quality than men: tioned above (fewer dissatisfied) may be desired. In other cases a lower quality (more dissatisfied) may be sufficient. In both cases the PMV and PPD indices and the model of draught rating may be used to determine ‘other ranges of environmental parameters than rec- ‘ommended in annex D.MH 4851903 0630164 S43 mm 180 7730:1994(E) Annex A (normative) Metabolic rates of different activities Further information on metabolic rates is given in ISO 8996. Table A.1 — Metabolic ratos exity Motaboi rates wien met Reclining 46 oR Seated, relaxed 68 10 Sedentary activity (office, dwelling, school, laboratory) 70 12 Standing light activity (shopping, laboratory, ight industry) 93 16 Standing, mum ectvty (hop exit, domestic work, Ne 20 Walking on the level: 2 km 10 19 3 keh 140 2 4 keh 165 28 km 200 34 Copyright bythe Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21.4548 2012 ©1s0Copyright by U Wed Apr 18 21.45.48 = iso 4aSL903 Ob301b5 4aT a ISO 7730:1994(E) Annex B {normative} Computer program for calculating predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted The following BASIC program computes the PMV and the PPD for a given set of input variables Variables Symbols in program Clothing. clo clo Metabolic rate, met MET Extemnal work, met WME Air temperature, °C TA Mean radiant tamporature, °C TR Relative air velocity, mis VEL. Relative humctty. % RH Partial water vapour pressure, Pa PA International Organization Por Standardization m2W™ 4851903 OL3036b 31b mm ISO 7730:1994(E) ©1s0 10 ‘Computer program (BASIC) for calculation of 20 "Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatistied (PPD! 30 tin accordance with ISO 7730 40 CLS: PRINT *DATA ENTRY* :'data entry 50 INPUT * Clothing (clo) "; CLO 60 INPUT * Metabolic rate (met)*; MET 79 INPUT * External work, normally around 0 (met) *; WME 80 INPUT * Air Lemperature Coys; ma 90 INPUT * Mean radiant temperature (c¢)*) oR 100 INPUT * Relative air velocity (m/e) *; VEL 110 PRINT * ENTER EYTHER RH OR WATER VAPOUR PRESSURE BUT NOT EOTH* 120 INPUT * Relative humidity C8 dt: RE 130 INPUT * Water vapour pressure ( Pa)t; PA 140 DEF PNPS (T) = EXP (16.6536-4030.183/(T+zZ35)) : ‘saturated vapour pressure, KPa 150 IF PA=0 THEN PA=RH*10*FNPS (TA) ‘water vapour pressure, Pa 160 ICL = .155 * clo “thermal insulation of the clothing in m?K/W 170 mM = MET * 58.35 ‘metabolic rate in W/u? 180 Wo= WME + 58.15 ‘external work in W/m? 190 Mw =M-W ‘internal heat production in the human body 200 IF Ich < .076 THEN FCL = 1+ 1.29 * ICL ELSE FCL=1.05 + .645*ICL 205 ‘clothing area factor 210 HCF~12.1*SQR (VEL) ‘heat trans£. coeff. by forced convection 220 TAA = TA + 273 ‘air temperature in Kelvin 230 TRA = TR + 273 ‘mean radiant temperature in Kelvin 240° CALCULATE SURFACE ‘TEMPERATURE OF CLOTHING BY ITERATION~ 250 TCLA = TAA + (35.5-TA) / (3.54(6.45*ICL+.1)) 255 ‘first guess for surface temperature of clothing 260 Pl= ICL * FeL s "calculation term 270 P2 = Pl * 3.96 ‘calculation term 280 P3 = Pi * 100 ‘calculation term 290 P4 = Pl * TAA ‘calculation term 300 PS = 308.7 - 028 * m+ P2* (TRA/I00)A4 : ‘calculation term 310 xw = TeLA / 100 320, XP = XN 330 N=O “N: number of iterations 340 EPS = .00015 ‘stop criteria in iteration 350 XF=(XP+2N) /2 355 ‘heat transf. coeff. by natural convection 360 HCN#2.38*ABS(100*XP-TAA)A. 25 370 IF HCP>HCN THEN HC=HCP ELSE HC-HCN 380 xN=(P54P4*HC-P2*XFAd) / (100+P3*HC) 390 Nene1 400 IF N > 150 THEN GOTO 550 410 IF ABS(XN-XF)>EPS GOTO 350 420 TCL=100"xN-273 i "surface temperature of the clothing 430° “HEAT LOSS COMPONENTS: 435 ‘heat loss diff. through skin Copyrigh by the Iner Wed Apr 18 21.4548 2012 ional Organization For StandardizationMM 4851903 OL301L7 252 mm © 180 ISO 7730:1994(E) 440 HLL = 3.05*.001*(5733-6.99%MW-PA) 445 ‘heat loss by sweating (comfort) 450 IF MW > 58.15 THEN HL2 = .42 * (W-58.15) ELSE HL2 = 0! 455 ‘latent respiration heat loss 460 HL3 = 1.7 * .00001 * M = (5867-PA) 465 ‘dry respiration heat loss 470 HL - 0014 * M+ (34 TA) 475 ‘heat loss by radiation 400 HLS=3.96*FCL* (XN 4-(TRA/100) 4) 495 ‘heat lose by convection 490 HLS = FCL * HO * (TCL-TA) 500° 505 ‘thermal sensation tran coeff 510 TS = .303 * EXP(-.036°M) + .028 515 ‘predicted mean vote 520 PMV = TS * (MW-HLI-HL2—HLI-HEA-HLS-UL6) 525 'predicted percentage dissat. 530 PPD=100-95*EXP(-.03353*PMV 4-.2179*PMV 2) 540 GoTo 570 550 PMU=999999! “CALCULATE PMV AND PPD- 560 PPD=100 570 PRINT: PRINT*OUTPUT* : output 580 PRINT " Predicted Mean vote (eMv): + ; PRINT USING "#¥.#"; PMV 590 PRINT * Predicted Percent of Dissatisfied (PPD): * 7:PRINT USING "###.#"; PPD 600 PRINT: INPUT “NEXT RUN (¥/N)* 7 RE 610 IF (R§="¥" OR RG="y") THEN RUN 620 END EXAMPLE DATA ENTRY clothing (elo)? 2.0 Metabolic rate (met)? 1.2 External work, normally around 0 (met)? 0 Air temperature (¢)? 19.0 Mean radiant temperature (oc)? 18.0 Relative air velocity (m/s)? 0.1 ENTER EITHER RH OR WATER VAPOUR PRESSURE BUT NOT BOTH Relative humidity (8)? 40 Water vapour pressure (Pay? oureur Predicted Mean Vote (ruy) : -0.7 Predicted Percent of Diseaticfied (Ppp) + 15.3 Copyrigh by the Iner Wed Apr 1 21.4549 2012 ional Organization For StandardizationW@™ 4851903 OL301b8 195 mw ISO 7730:1994(E) © 180 (Blank page) 0 Copyright by the Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 1 21.4549 2012mm 4852903 0630169 025 mm ©1so 1SO 7730:1994(E) Annex C (normative) Tables for determining predicted mean vote (PMV) at 50 % relative humidity ight by the International Organization Por Standardization rd 24 12 vedMH 4851903 0630370 847 mm 180 7730:1994(E) Iso C.1. Activity level = 46,4 W/m? (0,8 met) Toning Operative Relative ai velocity temperature is op _| nto © =010 ors [a0 | 930 | oa | os | 100 e 0 7 255 e a7 -222 2 os = Vaz 20 Tone S080 31 os 021 2 139 4104 a 212 187 3 an 02s | 0038 26 192 -228 | -257 a = 130 Tyr | Zugz | -200 | -26 28 083 S105 | 2126 | =160 | -187 | -210 | -z89 2 = 0.08 =oa2 | “060 | -o89 | -112 | 331 | -397 30 053 21 | ope | -o17 | 036 | —o81 | ~105 2s wie oe | o7s | oss | os | ozs | -a19 2 an was | ovat | tae] iae | 1038 | aso ES 229 zis | 208 | zor | 195 | 190 | 179 oso | 0978 25 se aes | 200 | -208 | -257 % = 104 fv36 | 1 met, Relative humidity = 50 %. Figure D.1 — Optimal operative temperature (corresponding to PMV = 0) as a function of clothing and activity International Organization Por Standardization Wed Apr 18 21.45.54 2012Copy nt by th m™ 4851903 OF30180 756 mm 180 7730:1994(E) Of particular interest in practice is light. mainly sed- entary, activity (70 Wim? = 1.2 met). This activity is characteristic of many occupied spaces. for example offices and homes. For this common case comfort limits for the operative ternperature ere listed in D.1.1 and D.1.2. Subclause .1.1 covers winter conditions where clothing of 1 clo = 0,155 m="CW is assumed. Sub- clause D.1.2 covers summer conditions where cloth- ing of 0,5 clo = 0,078 m**C/W is assumed. ‘The PMV and PPD indices express warm and cool discomfort for the body as a whole. But thermal dis- satisfaction may also be caused by unwanted cooling (or nearing) of one particular part of the body (loca! discomfort). The most common cause of local dis comfort is draught. To limit the draught rating, DR, to 16 %, it is recommended to keep the local mean vel- cocity lower than specified in figure D.2. But local dis ‘comfort may also be caused by an abnormally high vertical temperature difference between head and ankles, by too warm oF too cool a floor or by too high a radiant temperature asymmetry. Limits for these factors are listed for light, mainly sedentary, activity in subciauses D.1.1 and D.1.2. If these limits are met, less than 5 % of the occupants are predicted to fee! uncomfortable due to local cooling (or hesting} caused by each of the three above-mentioned factors, Often it will be the same persons who are sensitive to different types of local discomfort. For instance, @ person sensitive to draught may also be sensitive to @ local cooling caused by raciant asymmetry or by a cold flor. Such a cold-sensitive person may also more easily experience cool discomfort for the body as a whole. Therefore, the PPD. the DR. and the percent ages of dissatisfied caused by other types of local discomfort should not be added. It is recommended that the relative humiity be kept between 30% and /0)%. The imits ara set to de ‘crease the risk of unpleasantly wet or dry skin, eye irritation, static electricity, microbial growth and re- spiratory diseases. If the environmental conditions are inside the comfort limits recommended in this annex, itis estimated that ‘more than 60 % of the occupants wil fing the thermal conditions acceptable. e International Organization Por Slandardlzaton Wed Apr 18 21.45.54 2012 e1so D.1.1. Light, mainly sedentary, activity during winter conditions (heating period) ‘The conditions are the following: a) The operative temperature shall be between 20°C and 24°C {i.e. 22 °C 4 2 °C). b) The vertical air temperature ditterance between 1.1m and 0.1 m above floor (head and ankle level) shall be less than 3 °C. ch The surface temperature of the floor shall normally be between 19°C and 26 °C, but floor heating ayatems may be designed for 29 *C. ) The mean air vetocity shall be less than specified in figure D.2. fe) The radiant temperature asymmetry from wine dows or other cold vertical surfaces shall be loss: than 10°C (relative to a small vertical plane 0,6 m above the floor) ) The radiant temperature esymmetry from a warm (heated) ceiling shall be less than 5 °C (relative to 4 sinall horizontal plane 0,6 m above the tour), 4) The relative humidity shall be between 30 % and 70%. 0.1.2 Light. mainly sedentary, activity during summer conditions (cooling period) The conditions are the following: 2) The operative temperature shall be between 23°C and 26°C (ie, 24,6 °C + 1,5 °C) b) The vertical air temperature difference between 1,1 m and 0,1 m above floor (head and ankle level) shall be less than 3 °C. ‘c} Tho mean air velocity shall be less than specified in figure 0.2. ) The relative humidity shall be between 30 % and 70%.iso 51903 063018) b22 me ISO 7730:1994(E) ‘5 % clesotistied 04 Meanair velocity on ° : . r e mb 2 mw 6 A temperature NOTE — The curves are based onthe model of dauaht for 15 % sated! due to craught. The ue apps fo light. manly sedentary, actvy (70 Wim = 1,2 met) Figure D.2 — Allowable mean air velocity as a function of air temperature and turbulence intensity Copyright bythe Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21:45.55 2012Wm 4851903 Ob30182 S65 ow 180 7730:1994(E) Annex E (informative) Estimation of thermal insulation of clothing ensembles The ciothing insulation {f,) can be estimated directly from the data presented in teble E.1 for typical com binations of garments, oF indirectly, by summation of the partial insulation values for each item of clothing ‘Table E.1 — Thermal insulation for typical combinations of garments ©1so {table E.2). For sedentary persons the chair may con- tribute an additional insulation of 0 clo to 0,4 clo. Fur ther information i given in ISO 9920. 24 Copyright bythe Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21:45.55 2012 Ia ls Work etorning Tok Daily wear clothing = eo | mK co | mK Underpants, baer suit sock, shoes | 070 | 0810 [ Panic, Thin shorts, antsoeks, [080 [0.050 Uindecnants, sir trousers, socks, | 0.75 | 0.178 | Panties, petticoat, stackings. lent | 045 | 0.070 shoes ies with sleeves, sandals Underpants, shin, boll su, socks, | 0.80 | 0,125 | Underpants, shit with short sleoves, | 0.50 | 0,080 shoes light trousers. ant socks. shoes Underpants, shit, wousers woke, | 0.88 | 0,185 | Panties, stockings, shit wath shot | 0.66 | 0085 socks, shoes sleeves, skirt, sandals Underpants, shir, trousers, smock, | 0.90 | 0,140 | Underpants, shin, ight-veight 060 | 0,095 socks, shows trousers, socks, shows Underwear with short sieeves and | 1.00 | 0.155 | Panties, naticnat, stockings. cress, | 0.70 | 0,105 legs, shirt, wousers, jacket, socks, shoes shoes Underwear with short legs ang Tai | 0170 | Underwear, shir, trousers, socks, | 0.70 | 0.110 sleeves, shtl, tousers, boiler sui, shows s0cks, shoes Underwear. with long legs and v.20 | 0.185 | Underwear, track sur sweater and | 075 | 0.116 sleeves, thermoyacket, socks, shoes trousers), long socks, runners Underwear with short sleeves and | 1,25 | 0,190 | Panties, pottcoat, shit, skit, hick | 0.80 | 0,120 legs, shin. wousets jacket. knee-socks, shoes thermojecket, socks, shoes Underwear with short sleeves and | 1,40 | 0220 | Panties, shin, skit, oundneck 0.90 | 0.140 eas, Dollersut, ermoyacket and sweater, thick knee-socks. shoes trousers, socks, shoes Underwear with shor sleeves and | 1.55 | 0.225 | Underpants, singlet with short 09s | 0.145 legs. shirt rouse, jacket sleeves, sin. trousers, V-neck thermojacket and trousers, socks, sweater, socks, shoes shoes Underwea with short sleeves and [1.88 | 0.268 | Panties, shi, wousers, paket soars, | 1.00 | o.1b9 legs, shir, trousers, jacket, heavy shoes ‘quited outer jacket and overals, socks, shoesMH 4851503 Ob30383 4TS mm ©1s0 1SO 7730:1994(E) Work elothi fe Daily wear cloths fe fork elothin - ty waar elothin ‘3 co KW ° eo] KW Underwear with shor sleeves and | 200 | 0.310 | Panties. stockings. shir. skin. vest, | 1.00 | 0.188 legs, shin, trousers, jacket, neavy lacket quilted outer jacket and overalls, socks, shoes, cap, gloves ‘Underwear with long sleeves and 220 | 0,940 | Panties, stockings, blouse, fona skin, | 1,10 | 0.170 legs, thermojacket and trousers, jacket, shoos ‘outer thermojacket and trousers, sacks, shoes, Underwear with long sleeves and 255 | 0,595 | Underwear, singlet with short 110 | 0.170 logs, thermojackat and trousers, sleeves, shin, trousers, jacket, socks, | Parka with heavy quilting. overalls shoes | ‘with heawy quilting, socks, shoes, | 2p, gloves, ‘Underwear, singlet with short 115 | 0.180 sleeves, shirt, trousers, vest, jacket, socks, shoes ‘Underwear with long sleeves and 130 | 0200 legs, shir, trousers, V-neck sweater, facket, socks, shows ‘Underwear with short sleeves and | 1,50 | 0.230 fegs, shit, trousers, vest, jacket, coat socks, shoes Copyrigh by the Inter Wed Apr 18 21:45.55 2012 ional Organization For StandardizationWH 4851903 Ob30184 33] mm ISO 7730:1994(E) © 180 Table E.2 — Thermal insulation for individ _Table £2 — Thermal insulation fo individual paces of garments Garment desertion Terma ieuation Trarwear Cran with noes oto shat Soe Sern eng saves oie Pontes an 08 che — te Sirona ons Convent ona sores 20 ware ahs base oa Pavol st bg Sees 03 "gor tse erg seotes oss Troms Shore 008 rgatveot O20 eat oa Fwe 38 esseg— Shr Oe Sis Soren oe meena aod 2s Ver aes tr sores ae Solera 88 Swenters Seeess ves aye Hheveooor 20 Baer oR Teka Ube smart 095 wes O38 Brock 39 Highs, Ripa seer 020 Sows 038 ‘eae bao en O20 Outdoor dating Coat oso Bonn cet oss Pete ome Farcpok verte os Suis eae aoe Fh ane sacs ose The tng ane one Nylon stockings 0,03 Stoo tn soa oe Shoot te so ot Boe ono Close os 26 Wed Apr 18 21.45.56 2012o1s0 WH 4851903 Ob30285 278 mm ISO 7730:1994(E) Annex F {informative} Bibliography [1] 1SO 7243:1989, Hot environments — Estimation _—_[2] ISO 7933:1989, Hot environments — Analytical of the heat stress on warking man, based on the determination and interpretation ot thermal WB Index (wet bulb globe temperature). stress using calculation of required sweat rate. Copyright bythe Inlernational Organization For Standardization Wed Apr 18 21.45.56 2012MH 4851903 Ob30L86 104 mm ISO 7730:1994(E) © 180 EEE ICS 13,180.00 Descriptors: ergonomics, enwronments, temperature, humidity, hue body, therm comfort, specifications. Price based on 26 pages Organization Por Standardization