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31 Pump PDF
31 Pump PDF
FLUID MACHINE
2. Rotodynamic group
* Pelton wheel, etc
PUMP
INTRODUCTION
Rotodynamic pump is essentially a turbine
in reverse; which mean that mechanical
energy is transferred from the rotor to the
fluid.
2. Axial flow
3. Mixed-flow type
HEAD OF PUMP
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Velocity triangle
Inlet ;
Tangential velocity of impeller
U1 = r1
Components velocity of V1
Vw1 : whirl velocity
V f 1 : radial flow velocity
Outlet ;
Tangential velocity of impeller
U 2 = r2
Components velocity of V2
Vw 2 : whirl velocity
V f 2 : radial flow velocity
In reality, v = f ( r , , z )
P
Y = gE =
Specific energy, m& (unit : J/kg)
Eulers Head ;
H E = (vw 2 u2 vw1 u1 )
1
g (unit : m)
1 = 90o v w1 = 0 and v1 = v f
vw 2 u 2
HE =
g
relation of 2 and HE
from ;
vw 2 u 2 1
HE = = C1 + C2Q
g tan 2
Eulers head :
2
V
H E = H P + HV = H P + w 2
2g
1
2
HE Vw 2 Vf 2
=1+ = 1 +
HP 2 gH E 2 U 2 tan 2
LOSSES IN PUMP
a. Circulatory Flow
SF : Slip Factor
Vw 2 H actual
SF = =
Vw 2 H ideal = H E
b. Friction losses
h f = k1 Q 2
h f : Friction losses
k1 : Constant
Q : Flow rate
c. Shock losses
hsh = k2 (Q Qo )
2
k2 : Shock losses
Q : Designed flow rate
Qo : Actual flow rate
EFFICIENCY OF PUMP
Overall Efficiency :
gQH m
o =
Pi
Mechanical Efficiency :
g (Q + Q)( 1g [Vw 2U 2 Vw1U1 ])
mech =
Pi
Manometric Efficiency :
gH m
mano =
Vw 2U 2 Vw1U1
Volumetric Efficiency :
Q
v =
Q + Q