: 87 FACTS 8" GRADE U.S. HISTORY TAKS REVIEW!!! nportant dates e 1. Jamestown _. the first permanent English settlement, was founded in /607 . 2. The Declaration of Zndependence was signed on July 4, 1776. 3. The Gastitution of the United States was written in 1787. ‘ 4, President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Lowstana-_ Territory from France in_1?03 5 7 eee ‘The Civil War was fought from _/€6/-1®65__- Important Places and Events 6. The first shots of the American Revolution were fired at iA. s+ Concord _in April 1775. 7. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the Americah Revolution. 8. The British defeat at ~Sack:tewn_, Virginia by George Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American Revolution, 9. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at_Fre+ Suwdew~, in South Carolina. ; 10, The Battle of ‘was the turning point in the Civil War for the North. Confederate troops. were forced to retreat and riever invaded the North again. n Aran 4‘ox Court House is the small town in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War. Important Vocabulary 12, Mercantil: sy _ isan economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of e gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country. 13. An Abslistionist was a person who wanted to end slavery in the United States. 14.A Jaret is a tax on goods brought into a country. 15._ptaarlest Destiny is the belief that the United States should own all of the land between ihe Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, 16. The “Jémpccance __ Movement was a campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol, 17.A redyblic. isa nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them, 18. The Vicginia House of Bi 19. The Thrée Branches of Govern Didicie! branch 20. Cheek Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches. Free Crefecprige. is the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation. 22, Fe A, is the principle of the constitution in which power is shared between the states and the national government. 23. Separation of Payers is the principle of the constitution in which each branch of government has it’s own powers. 24. Popular Jeoveciegactey is the principle of the constitution in which people have the supreme Political power in government; also the Practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery. 2 means to change. e@ 26.Unali¢nable rights are rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred. Life. liberty and the pursuit of happiness, are some of those rights, Oat ___ means to approve by vote. ity2’ Giclee | eviews is the right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not. 2 cal'sts___ were the supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government. 30. And, - were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the site governments than to the national government. 1. Mul Licata is the idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal. a 2. Friman Sources are the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records credted at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts 3 Sources are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sourees, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary souree M.The —Lidishial — evolytvor~ was the era in which a change from household industries to factory production using powered machinery took place. Important Documents and Policies 35. The Magna Carla. __, signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the rule. 30, The Znghsh Bill of Pigkts protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Billof Rights 37. The_Dechreton of TZ wnlence was a document written by Thomas Jefferson, Geclaring the colonies independence from England. 38. The Articles of Canhedaeactinn was the first American constitution. It was a very \weak document that limited the power of the Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions 39. The Cons£itut on _ of the United States sets out the laws and principles ofthe government the United States. 40. George Washington's Facewsell Af ceafl advised the United States to stay “neutral in its relations with other nations” and to avoid “entangling alliances”. he Monroe Daetein was a foreign policy statement by President James Monroe @ that 1) the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and 2) that the westem hemisphere was ‘osed to colonization_and/ or interference by European nations. 2. The Teel of Pacis of 1763 ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked ¢ French out of North America. Treat, of Far: $s of 1783 ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to ¢ the United States as an independent nation. +.The Alorthuest Dedbinanck ____ was a policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States 45. The Wout Inner Compa was the agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it ¢_ Federalist Papers ___ were aseries of essays written by James Madison, John sd Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of es was founded, _____ was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince me independent from Britain. ke is the first ten amendments to the Constitution and detail the oFindiidvad bores 849. The _Gettysbura— Adfess —__ was a short speech given by Abraham Lincoln to dedicates ceméery for-doldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a profound statement of American ideals. 50, Abraham Lincoln issued the —Ennsccipatins “Peaclaaation on January 1, 1863, setting 51 all slaves in the Confederate states free. The _ Gvieat ramist at the Constitutional Convention created two houses of Congress. One based on population, the other gave equal representation to each state. Important People 60, 61 62 63, 68. 69, 70, . amaie| Ades ‘was a member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence. : abaya Franblin ‘was an inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independénce and delegate to Constitutional Convention. Blas Gocapae. m was the King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the cotonies, refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies. 55. nefhemas Jefbcsan wrote the Declaration of Independence; became the 3" President of the United States and purchased the Louisiana territory, doubling the size of the United States. figs Pa wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage ‘American independence and resolve. jin was the leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the Uhfted States. [a was the leader of the original Democratic Party and a “President of the people”. He was also responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River. . Henry C Lay was a powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the ‘Americah Systeth and the Compromise of 1850. . TeRerson Davi was the President of the Confederacy during the Civil War. was the General of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Ciyil War for the North. was the General of the Confederate Amy. ~ was the 16" President of the United States who successfully put the Union back together only to be assassinated 5 days after the Civil War ended. Alexander He [torn was a leader of the Federalists, first Treasurer of the United States, creator of the Bank of the U.S., and killed in a duel by the Vice President of the United States, Aaron Burr. Padi cle Henry was a passionate patriot who became famous for his fiery speeches in favor: of American independence. His most famous quote included the words, “Give me liberty or give me death!” James M adis an___ is considered to be the “Father of the Constitution”. iB was a former slave who became the best-known black abolitionist in the country Zahn Q Adavas was the author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the westem hemisphere to European expansion or interference. Harriet Th was an escaped slave who became a Conductor on the Underground Railroad and helped over 300 slaves to freedom in the North. h +h organized the Seneca Falls Convention creating the Women’s Rights 7 Movement in the United States Susan 8. Anthony“Amendments to the Constitution — Bill of Rights & Reconstruction Amendments 71. The ist Amendment states that “Congress shall make no law” restricting freedom of speech religion, press, assembly, and petition. é 72. The [32 Amendment abolished slavery. public trial by an impartial jury; the right ZL Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy aaa 7 ta trial to testify toa lawyer; the right to cross examine witnesses; and the right to force witnesses a 74, The_Q™ Amendment guarantees the right of states to organize militias, or armies, and the right of individu to bear arms. 75. The ‘Amendment prohibits crue! and unusual punis! ‘Amendment guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race tizens to allow soldiers to live 76. The. IB* 77. The 34 __ Amendment forbids the government to order private ci in their homes. 78. The _ 4+! Amendment requires that warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized (taken) by the government. 79. The__54* __ Amendment protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself (selffinerimination); bans double jeopardy, and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law 80. The__“B*~_ Amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits. 81. The _ Amendment states that the people have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constjgution. 82. The__/O*™ _ Amendment states that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states. 83. The___/4* _ Amendment guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States. / Supreme Court Cases 84._Madbury _v. Madison was the 1803 Court decision that gave the Supreme Court the righ It set up the principle of judicial review 2 determine whether a law violates the Constitution. Deed Sco _v. Sandel was the Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property ani not citizens. hment and excessive bail or fines. 86.The_ Cotton Gin was an invention by hhitney that speeded the cle: f cotton G Wi i hat led the cleaning of cotto1 87. The successful use of the Cheam. ag, ind. Ss by Robert c" i transportation and trade in the United States. a a