, 2/2012

342.511(497.11)"04/14"
doi:10.5937/zrpfns46-2575

: -
. XI
, , -
, . XI,
XII , ,
. , ,
, .

. , -
,
.
.

: , , , , , , -
, , .

-
, . , -
VII XV ,

1
T
( ), .

23
 , (. 2335)

, ,
.2
-
, , -
.
,
().3 ,
, ,
, , , ,
.4 ,
VII (905-959) 29
, , , , -
, , , ,
, 5 6 (
).7 -
: ... -
, -
.
-
...

2
. , ,
, (
1918) (kirly).
3
-
.
, .
4
.
, ,
, . , , ,
, ,
(), ()
(. ) ( ),
. . , 1999, . 23-25. (-
) (1220) ,
. . , . , -
, CXCIII, 96, 1949, . 1-14.
5
().
6
.
7
De administrando imperio, ed. Moravcsik Jenkins, Budapest 1949. -
, 29-36,
122-164.
.
, II, 1959 ( -
2007). . 14 - 15.

24
 , 2/2012

...8 , , -
.
XI XII
( ) ,
, , megaiupanus, magnus iu-
panus. 9 , VIII -
.10
-
, XII . -
.
(927/8 950), -
, ,
, ,
, .
.
,11
, , -
(Tichomil etiam, defuncto socero, dominabatur terram Rassam, sed nec
regem nec banum ausus est se vocare, sed tantum iupanum maiorem ideo, quo-
niam praeerat caeteris iupanis Rassae).12
, , -
( 1143-1203) (

8
.
, , -
1-2 (1948), . 24-29.
9
, magnus comes.
10
(, , iopan, supannus, iuppanus)
. .
() , -
, -
() ,
(, opa, ioba, supa, xupa, gyuppa, uppa,
).
. (. ) , . 195-198.
. , -
, 1997, . 38-55 ( ).
11
, -
, () .
, , .
12
, , . -
, , , 1988, . 118-119.
Ljetopis popa Dukljanina, uvod i komentar V. Moin, preveli S. Mencin-
ger i V. tefani, Zagreb 1950, str. 67-69.

25
 , (. 2335)

1150 1210 1220) ,

, II -
1150. .13 , , ,
.
XI .
(1083-1148), -
I (1081-1118)
(1093-94), : , -
[, ] (
,
, ),14 -
. , (1093-
1094), : [] ,
( )
(
) , .15
XII .

(
)
.16 -
: ,
( , , -
, )... -
-
...
( ) .17

13
, IV, . -
, . , 1971, . 35 71 ( ) 125
( ). I
II .
14
Anne Comnne, Alexiade, texte tabli et traduit par B. Leib, Paris 1967 (Les Belles Let-
tres), tome II, p. 166. -
. , III,
1966 ( 2007), . 367-394, . 386.
15
Alexiade, ed. Leib, tome II, p. 184; , III, . 388-389.
16
Ioannis Cinnami epitome rerum ab Ioanne et Alexio Comnenis gestarum, rec. A. Meine-
ke, Bonnae 1836, p. 103. , IV, . 28.
17
. , . , . 1928, . 1.
. . , , , -
, , 1986, . 31.

26
 , 2/2012

,
. , -
, .18
-
.
(27. 1186), -
:
(, , ).19
(1198) :
( -
).20
1217. 21 -
. . , -
III 1199. ,
: Stephanus... magnus iuppanus totius Servye (...
).22 ( 1214 1217), -
: ,
go magnus iupanus Stefanus ( ).23 ,
1205. -
.24

18
1 (. ) , . 73.
19
. , XII XV (
), 1926, . 4.
, : -
(, , ).
20
. , . , . 4.
, , -
. . -
. (, . 73)
.
21
, -
, . , ,
(, , , ).
, , -
. ,
.
, .
(1371).
. 2 (. ), , . 73.
22
O , . 14.
23
, . 16.
24
, . 15.

27
 , (. 2335)

1217. 25
III, (1220)
. -
(-
),

(
...).26 ,
27 ,
(1228-1234), (1234-1243) (1243-1276),
.28
1346. , .29

25
()
( IX X , XII XIII )
. , -
(Carolus Magnus, 771-814),
. (896),
( kirly,
). (. ) , . 321-324.
26
, . 17, 18; . , -
( ), 1912, . 136, 571.
27
. -
corona = = , , .
(. -) , . 334-335.
28
4. 1234.
, ... -
(,
... -
). (1234-1237),
, ,
, ... ( ,
, , ...). -
, (
), , -
, : ... ... ,
, ... ( ...
, , ...). -
, . 26; , . 386 593. , -
(4. 1234),
( ; , rex = ),
(). , . 27.
29
( ), ,
-
. ,
(, , ).
(. ) , . 789-792.

28
 , 2/2012

,
(1355) : -
( 1355) -
-, ( 1356)30. -
(1371) ,
( 1371. 1373)
. ,
,
( = ).
1371. ()31
, (1389) -

30
M - , -
. , -
1356.
( ).

,
.
- ,
, -
. . . , (
), 1936 ( 1974), . 228, 238, 256.
31
kuningaz = , , -
kuniggs,
Knig = . P. Skok, Etimologijski rjenik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika, uredili akade-
mici M. Deanovi i Lj. Jonke, priredio za tisak V. Putanec, Zagreb 1972, knjiga II, str. 108-109.
, ,
: ...
, , ... ( ...
, , ). . , 1. , -
1371
. 1077. -
, . , -
. , -
. 27. -
1186, ( 19).
. -
. ,
. ,
: ... (, ...
1237, , . 143).
, , ,
. , , -
. . , , -
. (.
) , . 299-301.

29
 , (. 2335)

( 1402). 32 ,
-
.33 1402. , ,
- VII -
34
(1459).35 1459. 1537. -
,
.36

II

-
. -
, . , -

32
, 1380. -
1387 ( , . 200 449). ( )
1386. . -
J. Darrouzs, Ekthsis na, Manuel des pittakia du XIVe sicle, Revue des tudes byzantines,
Paris 1969, p. 60. Cf. . ,
XII-XIV , -
-1, 1974, . 421-422.
33

:
, (, -
, ). -
(9. 1387), :
(,
). -
, . 449 200. . 515, 761-764, 775-776. -
. , ; . , -
; .
, (1371).
, 1975. Cf. R. Mihalj-
i, Lazar Hrebeljanovi, istorija, kult, predanje, Beograd 1984 = . ,
II, 2001. . -, -
, 1997, . 42-59.
34
VII II . -
. , VII , 1996.
35
i
i (
). dominus despotus Sclavoniae,
dominus despotus dux (Rassie-Raxie), dominus despotus (regni) Rascie. . ,
, 4 (1956), . 89-114,
110-111.
36
. , ,
1960, . 194-204.

30
 , 2/2012

, ( )
( ).37 , -
, -
(Rascia Raxia -
), ( ), -
.38 -
, , ,
, , -
(rex Rassie Raxie).39
( ),
. -
(1198) ( -
) (
).40 ,
.41
1343. , -
, .
:
1)
, 1343. -
1345,42

37
, 1220. , -
(, ). , -
(-
1222. 1228), , -
(,
). , . 137
587, , . 26.
38
( ) -
, 4.
1234. () 1235 (). ,
( , ), -
( 1234. 1237) .
, . 26; , . 138, 139, 386.
39
, -
, : ...
(...qui se cesarem seu regem Rassie facit communiter nominari). Ed. S. Ljubi, Listine o odnoa-
jih izmeu Junoga Slovenstva i Mletake republike III ( Listine), Zagreb 1868-
1870, str. 186.
40
. , . 1.
41
, . 147, 150, 154, 155, 156, 393, 396, 399, 404, 406, 568, 587.
42
. , , -
, XVI-XVII (1970), . 86.

31
 , (. 2335)

(
).43
2) (1343)
: , -
( -
,
).44
3)
, -
, , : -
.. -
(, -
,
45 ).46
4) 1. 1354. ,
, :
,
(
, -
).47
, -
(, . ) -
(15. 1345),
Bulgarie imperii partis non modice particeps et fere totius Romanie dominus
( ).48 -
, -
, ,
( = ) ,
(), 1354. -

43
. , , , 12
(1880), . 137 . . , , 1976, . 278.
44
, . 598-599.
45
( = ).
, () .
. O ,
. , III, 1863, . 463.
46
, . 413.
47
, . 487-488.
48
S. Ljubi, Listine II, str. 192-193.

32
 , 2/2012

(,
).49 , -
,
() (). -
, -
( ), -
.
,
, , -
. , , -
, (), (-
), (, -
) (, ,
).50 ,
,51 ( ) -
( 1235).52
-
( ) ( ; = -
).53 () -
, , (1353),
-.54
1343 -
1354, ( -
). ,
500
,
( -
i).55

49
, . 16.
50
, . 138 386.
51
4. 1234. ,
. 26.
52
... -
(... -
, ), -
, ,
, ( , , -
, ). , . 600 602.
53
, . 424, 508, 720; , . 133 135.
54
, . 701; , . 256.
55
, . 149. -
, 1204. ,

33
 , (. 2335)

-
(1320-1321), ( -
), -
.56 ,
1380. 57 -

2. 1405. .58 (, -
Pataulia, ) -
(28. 1330),
( , ,
,
) :

-
( -

).59
, -
(rex Croatiae), , ,
(Mladen Croatorum et Bosne banus, generalisque dominus tocius
territorii Chelmensis).60
: ,
.61 , -
, .62

. . , -
, 5 (1958),
. 14.
56
, . 105:
, (
, ,
).
57
-
, (, -
, ). , . 449.
, . , , 2003, . 129.
58
, . 218: ... .
59
9. 1330, -
. , . 645; -
, .111.
60
K. , II, 1978, . 14, 86.
61
( ),
.
62
. , , . 16.

34
 , 2/2012

Sran arki, Ph.D., Full Professor

Faculty of Law Novi Sad

Monarchs Titles in Mediaeval Serbia

Abstract

Stefan Nemanja, the founder of Serbian dynasty, carried the title of the
Great upan. In 1217 Nemanjas son Stefan got the royal crown from the Pope
Honorius the Third and the title of King was carried by Serbian monarchs till
1346, when Stefan Duan took the title of Emperor (Tsar). Though the Serbian
Empire did not last very long, it happened that after Duans death two rulers
carried the title of Tsar: Duans son and legitimate successor Uro (since 1355)
and Duans half brother Simon-Sinia, lord of Thessaly and Epiros (since
1356). After 1371 the title of Serbian monarch was Knez (Prince) and since
1402 till 1459 Despot.
Besides the monarchs title the territory that he ruled over was always desig-
nated. Territorial formula had partly permanent, partly variable content. Usually
the Serbian rulers, since Stefan the First-Crowned, called themselfs Serbian King
or King of whole Serbian Land. Later on, after proclamation of the Empire, in
charters written in Serbian language the signature was Tsar of Serbs and Greeks.
However, in documents written in Greek language, there is the permanent formu-
la of Duans signature: Emperor and Autocrat of Serbia and Romania.
Territorial formula of monarchs title in mediaeval Serbia had some varia-
ble ingredients as well, which sometimes appeared and sometimes disappeared.
The author mentioned all cases that he could find in the legal sources.
Key words: Archon, Great upan, King, Tsar, Prince, Despot, territorial
formula, charters, treaties with Dubrovnik.

35