Verbs Glagoli

Morfoloki oblici
Glagoli u engleskom jeziku mogu se formirati na 4 naina, tj. postoje 4 morfoloka oblika, a to su:
the present (sadanje vreme), the past (prolo vreme), the present participle (sadanji particip) i
the past participle (proli particip).

The present (sadanje vreme) je osnovni oblik glagola koji traimo u reniku: be, close, love,
go
The past je proli oblik glagola koji objanjava da se radnja dogodila u prolosti, to je prost
glagolski oblik koji stoji sa imenicom ili zamenicom i tako oznaava predmet iskaza: I was, I
closed, I loved, I went

Participles and verbs of sensation (participi i glagoli percepcije)

Participi (sadanji i proli) su glagolski pridevi koji se najee koriste za graenje trajnih i
svrenih vremena. Ali oni se mogu koristiti i u raznim konstrukcijama kao i za skraenje reenica.
Participi se koriste da skrate reenicu kada oznaavaju radnju istovremenu sa
deavanjem radnje glavnog glagola.
She was sitting in an armchair reading a book. (Sedela je u fotelji i itala knjigu.)
He is a man praized by all his friends. (On je ovek hvaljen od strane svih svojih prijatelja.)
Nekada radnja participa moe i da prethodi glavnoj radnji:

Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. (Izvadivi klju iz depa, on je otvorio
vrata.)
It is a novel written a few years ago. (To je roman napisan pre nekoliko godina.)
Sadanji particip moe da objanjava razlog izvrenja neke radnje.

Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (Poto sam bila umorna, otila sam u krevet ranije.)
Takoe se koristi da oznai trajne osobine stvari ili ljudi.

The road joining the two villages is very narrow. (Put koji spaja dva sela je veoma uzan.)
Proli particip se koristi u obrascu
subjekat + glagol + imenica/ zamenica + proli particip sa velikim brojem glagola kao to
su feel, find, get, have, hear, like, make, prefer, see, want
I found the house deserted. (Pronaao sam kuu naputenu.)
John heard his name called. (Don je uo da su prozvali njegovo ime.)
Upotreba glagola have i get u ovakvim konstrukcijama se zove causative have i znai da
radnju nije izvrio subjekat ve neko drugi za njega:
How often do you have your car serviced? (Koliko esto ti rade servis na autu?)
I have just had my hair cut. (Upravo sam ila da mi skrate kosu.)
Ponekad konstrukcija have something done ima znaenje iskusiti, proi kroz neto, na primer:
My brother had his nose broken in a fight. (Mom bratu su slomili nos u tui.)
He had his car stolen last night. (Sino mu je neko ukrao auto.)

Sadanji particip se moe koristiti u obrascu

subjekat + glagol + imenica / zamenica + sadanji particip sa velikim brojem glagola koji
oznaavaju ulne senzacije (verbs of sensations), npr. hear, look at, notice, observe,
perceive, see, smell, watch, a i sa glagolima like, find, get, have, keep, make, want, wish
I thought I heard the telephone ringing. (Mislim da sam ula telefon kako zvoni.)
Did you notice something moving in the bushes? (Jesi li primetio da se neto mrda u
bunju?)
Look at the birds flying south. (Pogledaj ptice kako lete na jug.)
Ponekad u istim ovim konstrukcijama sadanji particip moe biti zamenjen infinitivom bez to.
Razlika je u tome to konstrukcija sa infinitivom oznaava zavrenu trenutnu aktivnost a
sadanji particip oznaava radnju koja traje.
 I saw him cross the road. (Videla sam ga kako je preao put.)
I saw him crossing the road. (Videla sam ga kako prelazi ulicu.)

Pravilni i nepravilni glagoli

Engleski, kao i mnogi germanski jezici, sadri pravilne i nepravilne glagole. Svaki nepravilni
glagol se ui napamet. U zavisnosti od pravilnosti glagoli se dele na etiri grupe: pravilni,
nepravilni, glagoli koji imaju vie oblika i nepotpuni glagoli.

Pravilni glagoli grade prolo vreme i proli particip tako to se im dodaje nastavak d ili ed,
kao to je open, opened, opening, opened.
Nepravilni glagoli imaju sopstvene oblike za prolo vreme i proli particip kao to je drink,
drank, drinking, drunk.
Glagoli sa vie oblika formiraju prolo vreme i proli particip na dva ili vie naina, dakle mogu
biti pravilni i nepravilni u isto vreme, kao to je thrive, thrived ili throve, thrived ili thriven.
Nepotpuni glagoli poput beware, ought, quoth nemaju participe i imaju samo nekoliko oblika ili
vremena.

Funkcije pomonih glagola u engleskom jeziku

Pomoni glagoli u engleskom jeziku su be, do i have, a oni se takoe mogu koristiti i kao
samostalni glagoli. Will i shall se koriste da izraze budue vreme.
U svakom od sledeih primera ovi pomoni glagoli imaju funkciju prostog predikata (nema
dodatnih glagola koji menjaju njihovo osnovno znaenje):

Tamara is a teacher. (Tamara je uiteljica.)

The bowls are in the cupboard. (inije su u kredencu.)
James does this kind of thing frequently. (Don to ini esto.)
My roommates and I do the laundry every week. (Moji cimeri i ja peremo ve svake nedelje.)
I cant complete my task because he still has my notes. (Ne mogu da zavrim moj zadatak
jer su kod njega jo uvek moje beleke.)
They have several kinds chocolate in the store. (Oni imaju nekoliko vrsta okolade u radnji.)
Drugi glagoli koji se takoe smatraju pomonim su can, could, may, might, must, ought,
should, and would. Ovi glagoli se nazivaju modalni glagoli i izraavaju potrebu, obavezu ili
mogunost:
Tom decided that Ana could take several days off.
The girl told her parents that she would finish everything if they gave her money.
John told Maria that she ought to have the car fixed.
The boss told his workers that they might get new uniforms.
According to the instructions, we must keep this cream in a cool and dry place.
Pomoni i glavni glagol ne stoje uvek jedan pored drugoga. Izmeu njih se mogu nai odrene
rece i prilozi:

They have not changed the figures on time. (Nisu promenili cifre na vreme.)
The problem was never discovered. (Problem nikad nije otkriven.)
He has recently decided that all workers should do those reports. (On je skoro odluio da
svi radnici treba da urade te izvetaje.)
Will you walk the dog tomorrow? (Hoe li proetati psa sutra?)
My friend was rapidly and gracefully dancing about the stage. (Moj prijatelj je brzo i
graciozno igrao po pozornici.)

The passive voice (pasiv)

Glagoli imaju dva stanja: AKTIV ili radno stanje i PASIV ili trpno stanje.
Ako subjekat reenice vri radnju, onda je glagol u AKTIVU
Somebody cleans the office every day. (Neko isti ovu kancelariju svakog dana.)
Ako subjekat reenice trpi radnju, onda je glagol u PASIVU
The office is cleaned every day. (Ova kancelarija se isti svakog dana.)
 Objekat aktivne reenice (the office) postaje subjekat pasivne reenice i dolazi na poetak
reenice, a glavni glagol (clean) se stavlja u pasiv (is cleaned).
Pasiv se gradi od odgovarajueg oblika glagola to be i past participle-a (prolog participa)
glavnog glagola.
Tako e u sadanjem vremenu pasiv glagola clean glasiti:

am cleaned, are cleaned, is cleaned (u zavisnosti od lica)

a u prolom vremenu

was cleaned, were cleaned (u zavisnosti od lica)

Reenica koju smo imali u sadanjem vremenu, ovako bi izgledala u prolom:

Somebody cleaned the office yesterday. (Neko je jue oistio ovu kancelariju.) (aktiv)
The office was cleaned yesterday. (Ova kancelarija je oiena jue.) (pasiv)
Primeri pasiva:

Butter is made from milk. (Buter se pravi od mleka)

Oranges are imported into Britain. (Pomorande se uvoze u Britaniju.)
How often are these rooms cleaned? (Koliko esto se iste ove prostorije?)
This house was built 100 years ago. (Ova kua je sagraena pre 100 godina.)
These houses were built 100 years ago. (Ove kue su sagraene pre 100 godina.)
When was the telephone invented? (Kada je izmiljen telefon?)
Upotreba:

Pasiv se koristi u situacijama

1. Kada ne znamo ko je izvrio radnju

The house was built in the 19th century. (Kua je izgraena u 19. veku.)
2. Kada izvrilac radnje nije bitan
Wine is served during the lunch. (Vino se slui tokom ruka.)
3. Ako elimo da oznaimo izvrioca radnje, koristimo predlog by.
These cakes were made by my mother. (Ove kolae je napravila moja majka.)
Napomena: Samo prelazni glagoli (glagoli koji imaju objekat iza sebe) mogu da se stave u pasiv.

Trajni (progressive) aspekt

Pomoni glagol be se koristi sa sadanjim participom za formiranje trajnog aspekta. Reenica
I am driving my car opisuje ta govornik radi u samom trenutku govora, dok je reenica I drive
my car injenica i odnosi se na iri vremenski period.

Svreni (perfect) aspekt

Pomoni glagol be se koristi sa prolim participom da bi se formirao svreni aspekt. Na primer,
reenica Marina has fallen in love se razlikuje od Marina fell in love jer prethodna
podrazumeva povezanost sa sadanou (mogue je da je Marina jo uvek zaljubljena), dok u
drugoj to nije sluaj.

Stative verbs glagoli stanja

Neki glagoli se koriste samo (ili uglavnom) u prostim vremenima, a ne koriste se u trajnim. Primer
prostog vremena je prosto sadanje vreme, ili prosto prolo vreme. Primer trajnog vremena je
sadanje trajno vreme ili prolo trajno vreme. Ovi glagoli se zovu glagoli stanja. Glagol koji nije
glagol stanja zove se glagol zbivanja i obino predstavlja neku radnju. esto se glagoli stanja
odnose na to ta volimo, a ta ne, ili opisuju mentalno stanje, a ne neku radnju.

Pogledajte primere ovih glagola:

Agree:
Correct: Sarah doesnt agree with us.
Not correct: She isnt agreeing with us
 Appear:
Correct: It appears to be snowing.
Not correct: It is appearing to be snowing.
Believe:
Correct: I dont believe her.
Not correct: I am not believing her.
Belong:
Correct: This book belonged to my grandmother.
Not correct: This book was belonging to my grandmother.
Concern:
Correct: This concerns you.
Not correct: This is concerning you.
Consist:
Correct: Bread consists of flour, water and yeast.
Not correct: Bread is consisting of flour, water and yeast.
Contain:
Correct: This box contains a big cake.
Not correct: This box is containing a big cake.
Depend:
Correct: It depends on you.
Not correct: Its depending on you.
Deserve:
Correct: He deserves to pass that exam.
Not correct: He is deserving to pass that exam.
Feel (= have an opinion):
Correct: I dont feel that this is a good idea.
Not correct: I am not feeling that this is a good idea.
Hate:
Correct: Julies always hated cats.
Not correct: Julies always been hating cats.
Imagine:
Correct: I imagine you must be tired.
Not correct: I am imagining you must be tired.

Impress:
Correct: He impressed me with his story.
Not correct: He was impressing me with his story.
Know:
Correct: Ive known George for ten years.
Not correct: Ive been knowing George for ten years.
Like:
Correct: I like reading detective stories.
Not correct: I am liking reading detective stories.
Matter:
Correct: It doesnt matter.
Not correct: It isnt mattering.
Mind:
Correct: She doesnt mind the noise.
Not correct: She isnt minding the noise.
Need:
Correct: At three oclock yesterday I needed a taxi.
Not correct: At three oclock yesterday I was needing a taxi.
Owe:
Correct: I owe you 20.
Not correct: I am owing you 20.
 Prefer:
Correct: I prefer chocolate ice cream.
Not correct: I am preferring chocolate ice cream.
Realise:
Correct: I didnt realise the problem.
Not correct: I wasnt realising the problem.
Sound:
Correct: Your idea sounds great.
Not correct: Your idea is sounding great.
Surprise:
Correct: The noise surprised me.
Not correct: The noise was surprising me.
Wish:
Correct: I wish I had studied more.
Not correct: I am wishing I had studied more.

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