FILE COPY diy Designation: E 92~ 82 (Reapproved 1997)" Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials" Tis san i ued un the aed eign 92s sty fotos sgn indicts the yea of rial sipionce inten of wate, eyo ef it oie. mbes pee ise’ We road rapa A See paca (inden an iol change se a revaceor pp "his sandnd ha een approve fo ee yogis eh Doperon of Defer 1 Nee _Section 27 wes added ediorally @ Ocober 1997 Now=—The term aad was change to fore exttorlly thoughout in My 1999, © Nore Thole 4 Table $ and Table 6 were editoally revised i Apel 2000, 1. Seope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Vickers nardness of metallic materials, using applied forces of 1 ket to 120 kg? the verification of Viekers hardness testing machines (Part B), and the calibration of standardized hardness test blocks (Part ©). Two general classes of standard tests are recognized: LLI Verification, Laboratory, or Referee Tests, where a high degree of accuracy is required. 1.12 Routine Tests, where a somewhat lower degree of accuracy is permissible 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, assoctaied with its use. ft is the responsibility of the user of this standard 10 establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determire the epplica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines? FE 140 Haniness Conversion Tables for Metals (Relaionship Between Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Eardness, Rockwell Soperci| Hardness, Knoop Hard: nest, and Seleroccope Hardness? E384 Test Method for Microhardness of Meterials* 3. Terminology 3.1 Vickers haniness number, HV—a number related to the applied fore nd the surface area ofthe permanent impression nade by 2 square-based pyramidal diamond indenter having included face angles of 136° (see Fig 1 and Table I), computed from the equation: "This tet meio! i tader the jreicion of ASTM Commitee £28 ca ‘Mechanica Tesing and i the dex responsiblity of Subcoramiter E2R06 02 “Indentation Hardon Tein (Corea elton eppeoed Jely 3, 1982. Fubished December 1982. Osginalhy ‘ublshed as 92-52 Last pevius eon E9D—72(97). #9 prvi covering Vikzm ters using app forses of | gm 1000 Jig) may be found 9 Tex Mebod E344, Tex Mehed for Micmbardesss ‘Mater, pearing i te Aral Boot of AST Sandee, VO 1331. “Armicl Bock f ASTM Stadaras, Vl 201 Copan © AST, t99 Sar Harr et Contaocn, PA BIB, Unt Sse FIG. 1 Vickers Hardness Test (see Table 1) HY = 2P sin (@/2V* = LessaPi® a where: P= force, kf, @ = mean disgonal of impression, mm, and @ ~ face angle of diamond = 136°. 32 Vickers hardness iest—an indentation hardness test using calibrated machines to force 2 square-based pyremidal diamond indenter having specified face angles, under a prede- termined force, into the surface of the material under test and fo measure the diagonals of the resulting impression after removal of the force. 32.1 Vickers hardness tests are made at test forces of 1 kef 10 120 kgf. TABLE 1 Symbole and Designations Associated with Fig. 1 Desgraton ‘ge at veto 0 te paral tener ie 2 e Tea force in dograns fae 3 ‘ ‘Athenee mean & be wo dagenas ¢* me?@) E92 3.2.2 For practical purposes the Vickers hardness namber is constant when @ square-based diamond pyramid with a face angle of 136° is used with applied forces of 5 kef and higher TABLE 2 Vickers Hardnees Numbore (Ciamond, 196" Face Angie force of 1 hal) Degen of Vickers Harness Nurber fe Ciagonal Measured to 00001 im = ee a ae a ee ‘aocs vaio 71200 e858 ceca) —«mSS@D~«CSTGOD~CSD Ta) ~—~=CTOBD~«CS IDSC aT 2005 sisio ean a8 7) SZ BEDS) SID OID S838 ‘ova? weo = em 7M BD BD MIO) HAST 08 ed ef coc geo Zw || mew ism © 8D OES) BOYD teri) tosis) te92 oo tes wc 7eDa7atoa71a2 10829 i050) S10 oon sso = is050 14780 tase) agro tage T3 0 13000 oor s2680 © aero izasd team = teeco ete sn neo dors room = oetd=st0e4) foam tom «tory «too gaey rar 08 bast Bar ie = goss 04 waz acm eaet cues 8858 922 a3 gos = 7exs,7etz 7718 7a 7am) as 7e 7288 7156 os 697 ba85 aT G7) eas Sms este Boe eos 108-5125. Gos Sas Sas SaaS 7ar 57 5660 ses Saar Sa Sab S06) S002 S287 S191 517 5053 500 4978 suey, aa bet A778 AT 43 50 $320 45s son gas gata aay ams arms gs Beat as 465 41 = s0er 408) 4012 357s aus, ae Se onze sen Sar 376s 0 S72) S085 Bos 95S} S509 S5a7 358 oes sas sas 34 3619 S387 Bask Sse 35] gas a ooet seis Sis Stes 31) Sis Se) Smt 08 Sats ast oes eee emo em>esr zee auezsautnzete ree ree ona 278 ame 271 = Best, oat owt tet aot aoe ce ooz Bou 2as auc 240370 ase, ask Bat? amet onze ase 2518 aoa 2582s esaet Basi eee Bae one 2208 2190 21s (ie tests thie 2oms Bare 0230 2060 207 20m 20m) aorta) nats tess tae ost tes0 isir 1905 1853 tapi teh t8ST ME tee te ose iat 1800 178874 IMS tree ss 1703 ies je 15mm 4gz tomate] Tata ost 1608 135 es 1578 TST 1881589150381 ons 1516 1508 yaor 3408 tae te7) aes assteaagg piety rat 123 iat yar tam tomar eke ost 13 oer ioe 35500 tsae tne siz 0s tee tat ose 1238 tz tz jee tases TMS aes one 128 120 er 3am ates tte ttt as oe fost toe tos toap dost, doar tame tat tons te ones tos 28 oa 308 es 0 os a 7 2 ones = os as ae as ae ee 2 @ 0 cose os 12 208 0 200 196 92 88 ee 280 ones a as 308 365 331 aE se 350 a7 3 one a 6 a es es me He BS a2 28 ones ss a2 78 75 mm 78 785 me al 75 ones 7. 78 788 753 78 757 758 751 8 78 0050 me na 138 ce 730 rr re mai ne ne 00st nm 70 7 705 me ese oe = oo ces cose oe 03 os ore os os ore ed os 005s oe 58, 355 os eae as 3 oe oa 0s oe os oa oe 2 es rs eo a7 as 0058 os on wo es es ee ee 6 ee 088 a oe or ea 53 oa Ga a me 087 a ceo a7 55 a 5st a 5 ce ose ct ce eer ed et 52 se ss a ost ee, eet = a7 =e 5a 520 59 saa COPYRIGHT american Soctety tor Testing and materiale Eicensed by formation Sandiing servicesip E92 TABLE 2 Cortinued Basen ‘kere Haoness Nur fer agonal eesied te 0001 rm nm eC a 060 ss sis si7 wo sms sms sm sms smn eet sae sser a1 ass ass aang aR es exo ose eae soo aes aa mazar? 47a m2 ter 20s aera tos? sa ezt Seis ahaa ae SS ose fear dens wos wes Gar) Gan asa aes aa Gag ones 08 ware 420 4g ame awe ame ase aess car Dee aay wees ats ame stat tee ea, 087 aia in as ame tte dard naa ata nab ones ao10 ae8 wey sors ame sz a amas aor GeS 0088 mos wea er? eT es aaa? Gas oom wes sma wes oe oR. seo ama oor: era ssa ssa SHE 327 soy 7A? oon ero se? ser 347 308 sos aon oor 30 370 sei St 323 Be SS 88 oor se 17 ses 8855 sont sas ia DS coors waz was sas sae mss ats ST ma oars ate peed Sie Sis sue go Sak oor: e120 Sit 33s sony sors Sor? See SS oor sae sez tes 30s 30g 0 ae es ag oor pat poe Bono pet boa aa 2s Bas 80 zaa0 yes ors 22 2084 aT koa 081 fase a2 as mamas ates 02 st me | m8 ma APA em aa one 28s prs Dara yoo oS tT O(n nee 2528 Be aS BB7 BAST OTS oss er sat Bs po Sash BRA ames sO one 207 2504 pee 280 aaa Darga Das 0387 20 aan ees 283 2B 2S aL] 2200.0 Oe as B38 pee brs stake STR EH ee 2a Bs wel zs zp SSR 2.980 zeae zee ere ark ess testes aaa 4 2001 mae Boa pers omc ames nema ae aes Bet moe por be? ad PBIB. re oase Be a8 pas 2180 sada? aa mien base 208 iad oo | 2085 aoe] OTT ED 088 mss so pos 20s asa mms ames meta 0.088 22 08 pod pots tee] igen tere 107s oe? tera 967 yea 0185S SSS tek] tea testa tans 086 12 1027 twa ists tat, toy teeta ee 2.088 12 888 tga test tetas tastes tees At lower test forces the Vickers hardness may be force Example: dependent. In Table 2 are given the Vickers hardness numbers 440 HV 30 = Vickers hanines of 440 measured under a force of 30 ket fora test foes of Tkgf. For obtaining hardness numbers when 200A foe 1010155. aes other test forces are used, the Vickers hardness number “AV S200 > Gskare barnes: of {40 mennaed wader «fore of obtained from Table 2 is rmultiplied by the test force in . Kilograms-force (Table 3). 33 verification—checking or testing to assure conformance ‘ith the specification. Nort The Vicker bes suber is fllosed by the sym HV : . Cee ee ee eee eee antes 34 calibration—detemination of the values of the signii- Tibedot a aes ofieis, Miura Get tomloweisn cant parameters by comparison with valves inliested by saadgieiep hares Taso arenes ry aot et ease adr COPYRIGNT Anericen Seciety for Teeting and Materials Exeeneed by Zatoemation Handling servicesGb E92 TABLE 8 Decimal Point Finder for Use with Table 2 ‘An example of dotermination of hardness numbers fellows the table Diagonal Length, Vises Parenase GH, 7 ‘kg Fore ‘os 74200 2.008 51500 oon ho 2.008 23.000 D008 2300 oto 16 540 2) 460 0.030 2080 40 1158 a 182 3.080, sts 2.9r0 are 2.030 20 2080. zs Dao ae 3400 st8 2500 742 3.600 %6 270 37 200 250 200 22 1030 tas #00 155 1200 12s 00 oro va0o oe 1300 sre 500 ost 200 each “Beanpie—Uang a Soe! test ace the erage esaured dagenal leh Table @ reac HY = 447 alooestmem sagen lang af hf fren, Using Table 3 catering: HV = 447 @ 08s agen long at ef force, 50x AAT = ZOEHV er Stet fora, A. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND TEST PROCEDURE FOR VICKERS HARDNESS TESTS 4. Apparatus 4.1. Testing Machine—Equipment for Vickers hardness test- ing usually consists of a testing machine which supports the specimen and permits the indenter and the specimen to be brough: into contact gradually and smoothly under 2 prederer- mined force, which is applied for a fixed period of time. The design of the machine should be such that no rocking or lateral movement of the indenter or specimen is permitted while the force is being applied or removed. A measuring microscope is, usually mounted on the machine in such a manner that the Impression in the specimen may be readily located in the optical field. 4.2 Indencer. 4.2.1 The indenter shall be a highly polished, pointed, square-based pyramidal diamond with face angles of 136° = 30 min, COPYRIGHT anericen Society tor res¢ing and materiale Eloensed by seformation Handling servicer 4.22 All four faces of the indenter skall be equally inclined {to the axis of the indenter (within +30 min) end meet st a sharp point, that is, the line of junction between opposite faces shall not be more than 0.001 mm in length as shown in Fig. 2. 4.23 ‘The diamond should be examined periodically and if it is loose in the mounting material, chipped, or cracked, itstould bbe discarded or reconditioned. Nove 2—The condidon of the point of the indenter is of considerable importance were the te force 1 Light and the impression s smal, ts recommended that the point be periodically checked by exeminiag an ‘impression mate ina polished ste! block: Under a magnification of 600% ‘or mor. usinga verca illuminator, any chipping oc rounding of the point fein be deeected ard the extont of the defect measured ith 2 Blar rictometsn It i nssornmended th a iamond pyramid indeter shoald fot be wied for tests in whlch the maximum length of such a defect exceeds 5% of the length of the impression diagonss.Cl aw um maa. FIG. 2 Junction of Indenter Feces 4.3 Measuring Microscope—The divisions of the microme- scale of the measuring microscope or other measuring device shall be so constructed that the length of the diagonals of an impression in 2 properly surface finihed specimen (see section 5.1.2) can be measured to within +0.0005 mm or 0.5%, whichever is larger. 5. Test Specimen 5.1 ‘The Vickers hardness test is alaptable 10 wile variety of test specimens ranging from large bars and rolled sections to rinute pieces in metallographic mounts. In general the backs of the specimens shall be so finished or the specimens shall be so clamped that there is no possibility of their rocking or shifting under the test force. The specimens stall also conform tp the requirements given in the following 5.1.1, 5.1.2, and 5.13. SLL Thickness—The thickness of the St spectnen shal be such that no bulge or marking showing the effect of the force appears on the side of the specimen opposite the impression. In any evert the thickness ofthe specimen shall be * Teast one and one half times che length of the diagonal. When --ainated matecial is tested, the thickness of the individasl component being tested shall be used for the thickness. agonal length relationship. 5.1.2 Finisi—The surface of the specimen should be so prepared that the ends of the diagonals are clearly defined and can be read with precision of 0.0005 mm or +0.5% of the Tength of the diagonals, whichever is larger. Care should be taken in specimen preparation to avoid tempering during srinding. or work-hardening the surface during polishing, 5.13 Alignmient—The specimen should be so prepared or ‘mounted thet the surface is normal to the axis of the indenter within =1° of angle. This can readily be accomplished by surface grinding (er otherwise machining) the opposite side of the specimea to parallelism with the side to be tested. ‘3.14 Radius of Curvatare—Untl further investigative work is accomplished to determine the effect of the radius curvature on readings, due caution should be used in interpret ing or accepting the results of tests made on oylindsi surfaces. Nore 3A mettod recommended by the Ineriational Organization for ‘Standardization for correcting Viekers hardness reaings aie 01 sphen- cal oe oyindsical surfaces is given in Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6 Copyricer anericas Scciety for Tegtiag and Katerie: Elcensed by inforsation Fandling Services E92 TABLE 4 Correction Factors for Use in Vickers Harcness Tests Made on Spherical Surfaces: eo —CoreckonFacir =o Concion oe a5 ane “ane 009 {seo 008 010 ors ses one rots core i) one 1.000 ses css 020 ies ces coe ie 160 ss ost oes 1s o00 2800 Sasi Xoo coo oes ois ey cous ‘0t0 oom 1.280 oss eo eat sees ost e805 fies oe coer css nose 108s tom cs Sst 1070 oo oss Ose ims 08s asco ons 1.080 foes 0995 60 ites ceo a5 oes 1080 exer 095 once 1.098 ae 2088 cert Hes ore ones ear rhe aw oa0 oar 10 ons oss ose 13s tes oe ee 130 ors oss ts? 188 ons sea ceo 10 as 6s ost i 2 oes a $359 "0 = damier of aon. Nore These tables give conection factors tbe applied fo Vickers ‘hardness values obtained when toss are made on sphetcal er cylindrical ‘suis. The correction factors are abulsed in terms Of the rao of he ‘ran Gigonal d of the indentation to the diameter D of the sphere oF cylinder Examples of te use ofthese tables ae: Exargie 1. Conver Sotere: lone =i! 0550 om From Teles 2 and 3, HV se From Table 4, by inlspoation, ‘orseton tater oss ssstonese &sonnre= a2e x 06 = on 10 exangle 2. concave Oyinder One Daganal Paraotto ats: Deemete ot oyiindes © Sem shot ‘Nan agin ot iprvsion mero From Tesla 2 and 3, HV From asl 6, conostien factor Herne of onder = 823 1.075 1078. ur, 6. Verification of Apparatus 6.1 The hardness testing machine shall be verified as speci- fied in Pan B.ih E92 TABLE 5 Correction Factors fot Use in Vichore Hardness Tests Made on Cylindrieal Suriacas (Diagorale at 45" tothe axis) TABLE 6 Correction Factors for Use in Vickers Hardness Tests ‘Made on Cylingrical Surteces (One Gagonal parti! to axis) Gone Satae Concave Sua aver Sen GO Commcton Fact GD! _—_—_— Comin Font ao" Garesien Facer coe os ‘008 ToS ry 085 oor oss oor iso aie 0.90 aces oes nas xis om29 gas oat 980 one os oo 1.220 54 oars eos oar oe ‘ines ) oso oss oa 2380 90 285 oes Oo 2350 00m ves nse tee 20 8 oon 800 Biss tae esa 1390 oer ass fan thee 2.189 tees oe ete com 0950 nee 1.980 oo 0365 2.88 ss 308 O30 00a 460 Pe Sac one 093s 0.104 hss Seat one 0320 one 70 oes eee er ose 0325 one tos ox 0320 over 1980 Ce io oes oar Oise sees bees sea, ase oats oat : ete pois - 090 to 038 12s ors 308 ove 1.106 M 0188 2300 ones vee oot 1090 0200 ase oie Hes 7O sienete ofeyinae ‘rean Sagan eprint iio 0169 ano ore uns O83 125 8. Measurement of Impression 089 tees 8.1 Both diagonals ofthe impression shall be measared and 9198 m0 their mean value used as a basis for caleulation of the Vickers ‘hardness number. It is recommended thet the measurement be 209 wo ‘made with the impression centered as nearly as possible in the oaie ss field of the microscope. z 82 In the case of snibotrepis materials, for example mate- 70 = denied efde: of nnn Fidls that have beea heavily cold worked, there may be a 6.1.1 Two acceptable methods of verifying Viekers hardness testing machines are given in Part B. 7. Procedure TAA Magnitude of Test Force—Test forces of 1 kgf to 120 gf may be used, depending on the requirements of the test. Although tests on bomogeneous materials indicate that the Viekers hardness aumber is nearly independent of the test force, this condition will nt be present in cases where there is hardness gradient from the specimea surface to th intsior of the specimen. The magnitude of the test force should therefore be stated in the tes report Section 11). 7.2 Application of Test Foree—Apply the west forse and release smoothly without shock or vibration. The time of pplication of the full test force shall be 10 to 15 s, unless otherwise specified, 73 Spacing of Indentariens—The center of the impression shall not be closer to any edge of the test specimen or to another impression than @ distance equal to two aad one half times the length of diagonal of the impression. When laminated ‘material is tested, a bond surface shall be considered as an edge for spacing of indentation calculations. Corseior Asericas sootery cor Testing and macerieze Leased ty Infomation Rendlicy Services difference between the lengths of the two diagonals of the impression, In such cases. the test specimen should be reori ented so that the diagonals of a new impression are approxi- aately of equal length. 9. Accuracy 9.1 The accuracy of the Vickers hardness method is a function of the accuracies of the test force, indenter, and measuring device. The condition of the test and support surfaces and support of the test piece during application of the test force also affect accuracy. Under optimum conditions of these faciors the accaracy that can be expected is the equivalent of 4% of the Vickers hardness number of the standardized reference haniness test blocks (see section 18.2). Under less than ideal conditions the reduction in accuracy, whea required, can be established empirically by employing statistical meth- ods. 10. Conversion to Other Hardness Seales or Tensile Strength Values 10.1 There is no general method for convening accurately Vickers hardness numbers to other hardness scales of tensile suength values. Such conversions are, at best, approximationsi) E92 and therefore should be avoided, except for special cases where a reliable basis for the approximate conversions has been obtained by comparison tests. Nore S—Standard E 160 give approximate’ conversion values for specie materials soch <5 steel, niclel and high-nickel alloys, and camridge brass. AL. Report LL1 The report stall include the fotlowing information: 11.1.1 The Vickers hardaess number, 11.1.2 The test force used (se# 32.2, Note 1), andl 11.13 The force application time, if other than 10 to 15s (see 12. Precision and Bias 12.1 Due to the wide variety of materials tested by this method and the possible variations in test specimens, the _recision of this method has act been established. The accepted practie isto utilize the information in 9.1 when esablishing harness tolerances for specific applications. The precision of this method, whether involving 2 single operates, multiple operators, oF multiple Ieboratories, can be established. by employing sauistical methods. B. VERIFICATION OF VICKERS HARDNESS TESTING MACHINES 13, Scope 13.1 Pan B covers two procedures for the verification of Vickers hardness testing machines and a procedure that is recommended for use to confirm that the machine has not become maladjusted in the intervals between the periodical routine checks. The two methods of verification are: 13.1.1 Separate verification of force application, indemes, and measuring microscope, 13.1.2 Vertifcation by standardized test block method, 13.2 The first procedure (13.1.1) ig mandatory for new and rebuilt machines, 13.3 The second procedure (13,1.2) shall be used for veri fying machines in service. 14, General Requirements 14.1 Before 2 Vickers hardness testing machine is verified the machine shall be examined to ensure that 14.1.1 The machine is properly set up. 141.2 The indenter holder 1s mounted normally in the unger 14.13 The force can be applied and removed without shock or vibration in such a manner that the readings are not influenced. 142 If the measuring device is integral with the machine, the machine shall be examined to ensure that! 142.1 The change from foreing «9 measuring docs not influence the seedings. 142.2 The method of illumination does not affect the readings. 142.3 The center of the impression is in the center of the field of view. 15, Verification 15.1 Separate Verification of Force Application, Indenten, and Measuring Microscop 15.1.1 force Application—The applied force shall be checked by the use of dead weights and proving levers, or by an elastic calibration device or springs in the manner described in Practices E4. Such dead weights or other forceing devices shall be accurate to =0.2%. Vickers hardness testing machines shall be verified at a minimum of three applied forces including Coprnreer Am soctecy cor Testing Eiceased by Information Handling ervicae the test force specified. A minimum of three readings should be taken at each force. A Vickers harcness testing machine is acceptable for use over 4 forceing range within which the machine error does not exceed =1%. 15.1.2. Indenter-—The form of the ciamond indenter shall be verified by direct measurement of its shape or by measure- rents ofits projection on « sereen. The engle between opposite faces of the pyramid shall be 136° = 30 min. All four faces shall be equally inclined to the axis of the pyramid within +30 min. The four faces of indenters used for laboratory. or routine tests, shall meet at a point no more than 0.001 mm in length (ec Fig 2). The four faces of indenters used in calibrating standardized hardness test blocks, shall meet at a point in which the line of junction between opposite faces is no more than 0.0005 mm in length (see Fig. 3). The quadrilateral that ‘would be formed by the intersection of the four faces with a plane perpendicular to the axis ofthe indenter shall have angles of 0° = 12 min 15.1.3 Measuring Microscope—The measuring microscope or other device for measuring the diagonals of the impression shall be calibrated against an accurately ruled line scale (stage micrometer). The errors of the line scale shall not exceed 0.05 om (0.00005 mm) or 0.05% of eny interval, whichever is ‘grester. The measuring microscope shall be calibrated through- ut its range of use and a calibration factor chosen such that the ‘error shall net exceed 0.50, It may be necessary to divide the ‘complete range of the micrometer microscope into several (00008 mm mex. FIG. 9 Junction of indenter Faces@h E92 sobranges, cach having its own facion 15.2 Verification by Standardized Test Block Method: 15.21 A Vickers hardness testing machine used only for routine testing may be checked by making a series of impres- sions on standardized hardness test blocks (Part C). 15.22 A minimum of five Vickers hardness readings shall be taken on at Ieast three blocks having cifferent levels of hardness using a test force or forces as specified by the user with the test force applied for 12 s, 15.23 Vickers harcness testing machines stall be consid- ‘ered verified if the mean diagonal for five hardness impressions ‘meets the requirements of 17.2. 16. Procedure for Periodic Checks by the User 16.1 Verification by the standardized test block method (25.2.2) is too lengthy for daily use, Instead the following is “commended: 16.1.1 Make at least one routine check each day that the testing machine is used. 16.1.2 Before malking the check, verify that the zero reading of the measuring apparams Is correctly adjusted. 16.13 Make at least five hardness readings on a siandard- ized hardiness test block on the scale and at the harcness Jevel at which the machine is being used. Ifthe values fall within the range of the slandarcized hardness test block the machine may be regarded as satisfactory: if not the machine should be verified as described in 15.2.2 17. Repeatability and Error 17.1 Repeatability 17.1.1 For each standardized block, let dy, ds, ~ds be the aithmetic means of the two diagonals of the indentations srrangod in increasing order of magnitado. 17.1.2 The repeatability ofthe machine under the particular vetification conditions is expressed by the quantity dy ~ dy, 17.2 Error: 172.1 The enor of the machine under the particular veri ‘ation conditions is expressed by the quantity d~ d, where @ = (a, +d, +-» ds)/5, and d is the reported mean diagonal of impressions on the standardized hardness test block, 18. Assessment of Verification 18.1 Repeatability—The repeatability of the machine veri- fied is considered satisfactory if it satisfies the conditions given in Table 7, 18.2. Error—The mean diagonal for five impressions should not differ from the mean diagonal corresponding to the Vickers hardiness of the standardized test block by more than 2% or 0.5 um (0.0005 mm), whichever is greater. TABLE 7 Ropeatability of itachines: Beg, poate of Suciand —— oiimtine sneat "Most Eesslensin recesaet Mle arsness Unis 700 280, Teo@ Bat 10 HV 1661200 HY Over 240 620, nel Smog? yeatsu Hv-ceateco HV Over600 moles? zest 700 HV 43=(6,0& tn awe hy al cases tha apestatily ik the parantage given: 1 sen (2.694 mm), whichever he greater C. CALIBRATION OF STANDARD HARDNESS TEST BLOCKS FOR VICKERS HARDNESS MACHINES 19. Scope 19.1 Part C covers the calibration of standardized hardness _-St blocks for the verification of Vickers hardness testing machines as described in Part B. 20. Manufweture 20.1 Each metal block to be standardized shall be not less an “in. (6 mm) in thickness, 20.2 Each block shall be specially prepared and heat treated to give the necessary homogeneity and stability of structure. 203 Each block, if of steel, shall be demagnetized by the ‘manufacturer and maintained demagnetized by the user. 204 The lower surface of the test block shall heve « fine ground finish. ‘20.5 The test (upper) surface shall be polished and free of scratches which would interfere with measurements of the iagonals of the impression. 205.1 The mean surface roughness height rating shall not exceed 4 sin. (0.0001 mm) center line average. 2085 ‘To ensure that no material is subsequently removed from the test surface of the standardized test block, an official ruck or the thickness atthe time of calibration shall be marked (on the test surface to an accuracy of 0.005 in(=0.1 mm). coprniax? azertcas Sectety cor resting Licensed dy Zaforaation Yandliag Sexvict 21. Standardizing Procedure 21.1 The standardized hardness test blocks shall be cali- brated on 2 Vickers hardness testing machine verified in accordance with the requirements of 13.1.1 21.2 The meckanism that contrels the application of force should either 21.2.1 Employ 2 device such as a spring to reduce the velocity of indemation of the indenter during the period of indentation, or 21.22 Employ a device to mainain a constant velocity of indentation of the indenter 21.3 The full wst force shall be applied for 12's 22. Number of Indentations ‘22.1 At least five and preferably ten randomly distributed indentations shall be made on cach test block. 23, Messurement of the Diagonals of the Indentation 23.1 The illuminating system of the measuring miccoscope Shall be adjusted to give uniform intensity over the field of ‘view and maximum contrast between the indentation and the undistributed surface of the block. 23.2 The measuring microscope shall be graduated to reed 0.001 mm with estimates made 19 the nearest =0.0002 mm,Gp E92 23.3 The measuring microscope shall be checked by a sage micrometer, or by other suitable means, 10 ensure that the difference berween readings corresponding to any two civi- sions of the instrument is comect within 0.0005 mm. 23.4 It is recommended that each indentation be measured by two observers. 24, Repeatability 24.1 Let di, dz d, be the mean values of the measured \lagonals as determined by one observer, arranged in increas- ing order of magnitude, 24.2 The repeatability of the hiardness readings on the block is defined as (dj. ~d)), when ten readings have been made or 1.32 (ds~d,) when five readings are taken on the block. 28, Uniformity of Hardness 25.1 Unless the repeatability of hardness readings as fed by the mean diagonals of five or ten impressions is withia the limits given in Table & the block cannot be regarded as sufficiently uniform for standardization purposes. 26, Marking 26.1 Each block shall be masked with the following: TABLE 5 Repeatability of Hardness Readings ‘Banos of Standardized Wart: The Rapeatably fo Toa ess of Test Bloc FReacngs Sha! Se Uses Thane “0016 246, ral = nae vor 8401 600, et 2 aoa ve 600 smog" (Gedy dyin a cases the repeatebty the percentage gen or 14m (0.001 mm, eachoroeis ne gear 26.1.1 Arithmetic mean of the hardness values found ia the Standardization test (see also 3.2.2, Note 1). 26.1.2 The name or mark of the supper, 26.1.3 The setial number of the block, and 26.4 The thickness of the test block or an official mark on the top surface (s2e section 19.6). ‘Nore 6—All of the markings except the offcial mark or thickness should be placed ox the side f the block, the markings being upright ‘shen the tet surface isthe upper fice, 27, Keywords 27.1 metallic; Vickers hardrese ‘ns Amencan Sowety or Tasing ane Meerals tates no poston reacactng ine val ol any eatentrighsasseredincomecton van ery ten mentored in wasstanra. 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