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Introduction

Genetic engineering is the science which deals with the

selective alteration of the genetic make-up of organisms by
the introduction of foreign genes. The formation of new
and artificial combinations of DNA originating in quite
different organism is referred to as recombinant DNA and
the technique is called recombinant DNA technology or
genetic engineering. This kind of gene multiplication is also
called gene cloning since this technique involves
introduction and cloning of desired genes in to the vector.

Application in field of agriculture

1.Creation of resistant varieties of plants: Transfer of
specific genes from one species genes from one species
to another species play great significance in exploiting
diseases, insect and pest resistance mechanism more
efficiently.

2.Biofertilization:Molecular nitrogen is converted in to

Biologically usable form by nitrogen fixing micro-organism
e.g. Rhizobium.

3.Creation of transgenic animals: animals that have foreign

genes inserted into their germ lines are called transgenic.
They can pass the gene on to their offsprings, and it can
be inherited as a mendalian trait.

Possible dangers of genetic engineering: There is a risk of

creation of drug resistance germs and out-break diseases
against which there is known prevention. Accidental
escape of laboratory strains may create havoc on earth
which causes contaminate a large population. Introduction
of genes like that of viral cancer into bacteria through
plasmids may involve the risk of introducing these harmful
genes into man when these bacteria infect human. Hybrid
genomes may create some serious ecological problems,
the nature of which is still unknown.

Possible dangers of genetic

engineering
There is a risk of creation of drug resistance germs and
out-break diseases against which there is known
prevention. Accidental escape of laboratory strains may
create havoc on earth which causes contaminate a large
population. Introduction of genes like that of viral cancer
into bacteria through plasmids may involve the risk of
introducing these harmful genes into man when these
bacteria infect human. Hybrid genomes may create some
serious ecological problems, the nature of which is still
unknown.