Total flux

CiVi + CiUb Underflow flux

Solids Flux, kg/m2 . h

SFL

Limiting flux

SFL = CLVL + CLUb

Ub

CiVi CLUb

Gravity flux
CiUb
CLVL

Ci CL Cu
Solids Concentration, mg/L

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment

and Reuse. 4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 823.
 Supernatant trough

Scraper

Feed Sludge

Supernatant

Rotation

AA PLAN
Figure by MIT OCW.

GRAVITY-TYPE SLUDGE THICKENER

Weir
Supernatant

Inlet Well
Pickets Feed Sludge

Thickened Sludge

B Elevation

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: Reynolds, T. D., and P. A. Richards. Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental
Engineering. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: PWS Publishing Company,1996, p. 631.
 Schematic Diagram of a Dissolved-Air Flotation System

Float Collector

Effluent
Sludge Discharge Flotation Tank

Baffle

Recycle Flow
Influent

Pressure Reducer Pressurizing Pump

Air

Air-Dissoltion
Tank

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adpated from: Viessman, W., Jr., and M. J. Hammer. Water Supply and Pollution Control. 7th ed.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005, p. 678.
 Schematic Diagram of a Centrifuge Used for Sludge Thickening

Thickened Solids
Discharge Port

Rotating Conveyor/Scroll Rotating Bowl

Differential Speed
Gear Box

Main Drive
Sheave

Centrate Discharge
Port (adjustable)

Feed Ports Feed Solids

Cover

Centrate Thickened Solids

Figure by MIT OCW. Adapted from: G. Tchobanoglous, F. L. Burton, and H. D. Stensel. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse.
4th ed. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 1469.
Gravabelt

Komline-Sanderson
12 Holland Av Peapack, NJ 07977-0257
908-234-1000 Fax: 908-234-9487
800-225-5457 info@komline.com
www.komline.com
 GRAVITY BELT THICKENER SCHEMATIC

Belt washwater

Flocculation well Plows Adjustable ramp

Filtrate
Thickened solids
hopper
Belt

Polymer
Thickened solids pump
Variable orifice Belt filtrate
inline mixer & washwater
Solids

Polymer injection ring

Figure by MIT OCW.

Adapted from: WEF. "Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Water Environment Federation."
Alexandria, Virginia, 2003.