Name: Devon Coker
Chapter Name: Cold War
DAY 1
Essential Question: Analyze how the start of the Cold War altered the Unites States foreign policy.
Heading AND Summary
Question
Heading: Origins of the Cold War Sources of Soviet-American Tensions
Summary Question: How did the
goals of United States and the
Soviet Union differ?
Summary Question Answer: The Wartime Diplomacy
goals of the United States and
Soviet Union differed in many
ways. The Soviets wanted to
control areas that could
potentially be needed and
America wanted nations to leave
military alliances and use
democracy.
Heading: The Collapse of Peace
Summary Question: Describe
specific postwar United States
foreign policies AND actions.
Summary Question Answer:
After the war the United States
wanted to have an open world
policed by the major powers and
wanted China with them.
America wanted to provide all
European nations with
humanitarian help. However the
United States militarized in an
attempt to become stronger.
Lasty, The Soviet Union now had
atomic missiles along with the
United States as tensions were
now rising.
Paste each section. Read and Annotate each section. Answer the
Summary Question. (Add or Subtract Rows as Needed)
-Rivalry emerged b/c of difft visions of postwar world: US
foresaw world where nations shed military alliances and used
democratic international bodies as mediators; Soviet Union
sought to control areas of strategic influence
-Tensions began in 1943 b/c of Allied refusal to open second
front w/ French invasion, dispute over governance of Poland
unresolved at Tehran Conference
Yalta
-Meeting of Big Three at Yalta in 1945 led to plan to create
United Nations (w/ General Assembly and Security Council w/
permanent members)
-Disagreement existed over future of Polish govt (independent +
democratic vs Communist); US wanted to German
reconstruction, Stalin wanted heavy reparations- finally agreed to
commission and each Ally given German zone
The Failure of Potsdam
-After Roosevelts death in April 1945, new Pres Truman
decided US needed to Get Tough w Soviets to honor Yalta
accords
-Potsdam Conference in July ended w/ Stalin receiving increased
land w/ new Polish-German border, US refusing to allow
German reparations from Allied zones but US recognizing new
communist Polish govt under Soviet influence
The China Problem
-US had vision of open world policed by major powers; vision
troubled by unpopular + corrupt Chinese govt under Chiang
Kai-shek (supported by US aid during civil war) who battled
communists under Mao Zedong
-B/c Kai-shek govt sure to collapse, US sought to create new,
Pro-West Japan by encouraging industrial development, lift trade
restrictions
The Containment Doctrine
-US no longer sought open world but rather containment of

Heading: American Society and
Politics After the War
Summary Question: Describe
specific Trumans domestic
policies.
Summary Question Answer: The
Fair Deal was a big idea for
Truman's domestic policies This
opposed republicans who gained
the majority in both houses. The
Soviet expansion; new Truman Doctrine sought aid for those
forces in Turkey + Greece opposing takeover of Communist
forces under Soviet influence
The Marshall Plan
-Sec of State George Marshall 1947 plan to provide aid to all
European nations (for humanitarian reasons, to rebuild to create
markets for US goods, and to strengthen Pro-US govts against
communists); 1948 created the Economic Cooperation
Administration to channel billions of $ to aid economic revival
Mobilization at Home
-US maintained wartime military levels, established Atomic
Energy Commission to continue nuclear research
-National Security Act of 1947 restructured military by creating
Department of Defense to combine all armed services, create
National Security Council in White House and Central
Intelligence Agency to collect information
The Road to NATO
-Truman merged German Western zones into the West German
republic; Stalin responded by blockading Western Berlin,
Truman responded w/ airlift to re-supply inhabitants; Federal
Republic became govt of west Germany, Democratic Republic of
east
-To strengthen military position US and Western Eur nations
1949 created North Atlantic Treaty Organization as alliance to
protect all members against threat of Soviet invasion
(communists 1955 formed similar Warsaw Pact)
Reevaluating Cold War Policy
-1949 saw Soviet Union explode atomic weapon and collapse of
Nationalists in China to Maos Communists
-To reevaluate foreign policy, National Security Council released
report NSC-68 that held US should lead noncommunist world
and oppose communist expansion everywhere it existed, also
expand US military power dramatically
The Problems of Reconversion
-After end of war Truman attempted to quickly return nation to
normal economic conditions, but problems ensued
-No economic collapse b/c of increase in spending on consumer
goods from savings, Servicemens Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI
Bill) provided education + economic aid to returning soldiers that
further increased spending
-Problems arose w/ high inflation, union strikes in RR + mining
industries, and displacement of some minorities and women b/c
of returning soldiers to labor
Fair Deal would expand social
security. Nuclear weapons at this
time were looked at with fear
because of their possession from
both the Soviet Union and the
United States.
Heading: The Korean War
Summary Question: What were
the causes and effects of the
Korean War?
Summary Question Answer: The
Korean War was caused by
separations between the
Communist North Korea and the
The Fair Deal Rejected
-After Japanese surrender Truman proposed Fair Deal to enact
liberal reformsincluded raising minimum wage, enacting Fair
Employment Practices Act, expanding Social Security, and
creating national health insurance plan
-Fair Deal opposed by Repubs who gained majority in both
Houses of Congress in 1946 elections; Repubs sought to reduce
govt spending and economic controls, cut taxes for wealthy,
refused to raise wages
-Repubs wanted to decrease powers unions gained in 1935
Wagner Act by passing 1947 Labor-Management Relations Act
of (Taft-Hartley Act)- made closed-shop illegal; limited efforts
help those not yet organized (minorities)
The Election of 1948
-Truman sought to make re-election about liberal reforms but
electorate saw him as weak; Southern Dems (Dixiecrats) +
progressives refused full support
-Repubs nominated Thomas Dewey and seemed to be in strong
position to win, but intense campaigning by Truman and his
platform to reduce inflation + help common man allowed him to
win Pres; Dems also won both Houses of C
The Fair Deal Revived
-New Dem Congress allowed for minimum wage increase +
Social Security expansion, but hostile to Fair Deal programs
expanding education aid, national healthcare, and civil rights
-Truman did end govt hiring discrimination, desegregated armed
forces; Supreme Court in Skelley v. Kraemer rules community
covenants preventing movement of blacks unenforceable by
courts
The Nuclear Age
-Nuclear weapons viewed w/ fear b/c of threat from Soviet Union
(expressed in pop culture,film noir, and govt preparations for
nuclear attack), but public also awed by technological potential
of nuclear power (Dreams of prosperity and unlimited + cheap
electricity)
The Divided Peninsula
-Korea divided at 38th Parallel into Communist North and
Southern government of capitalist Syngman Rhee (supported by
US)
-Nationalists in North invaded S in 1950 in effort to reunite
countries; US won UN resolution calling for support of S. Korea
armies (Russia unable to veto b/c boycotting Security Council at
time)containment but also liberation
democratic South Korea. The
Chinese government feared
American forces and turned this
into a conflict. People were
concerned about communism at
home because of this since the
US could not quickly end this sort
of small war.
Limited Mobilization
of growth of communist at home
Heading: The Crusade Against
Subversion
Summary Question: Describe
specific results of the Second Red
Scare in America.
Summary Question Answer: The
Second Red Scare in America
had direct results for how
Americans felt. McCarthyism
was a period when people were
being tried just because of
suspicions behind people being
Communist. The Korean
stalemate and communist fear led
people to trust Democrats less
and Republicans became
somewhat more popular
From Invasion to Stalemate
-Gen MacArthur (head of UN forces) able to advance far into
North, but new communist Chinese govt feared American forces
+ entered conflict late 1950
-UN armies forced to retreat to 38th parallel long stalemate
ensued until 1953
-Truman wanted peace and not new world war w/ China; Gen
MacArthur publicly opposed peace effort and was relieved of
command by Pres in 1951
-War led to only limited mobilization: Truman created Office of
Defense Mobilization to combat rising inflation; govt seized RRs
+ steel mills during union strikes, increased govt spending
stimulated economy
-Inability of US to quickly end small war led to growth of fears
HUAC and Alger Hiss
-Second Red Scare prompted by fear of Stalin, Communist
growth (loss of China, Korean frustrations) many sought to
blame US communist conspiracy
-Repubs sought to use anti communist feelings to win support
against Dems; Congress created House Un-American Activities
Committee 1947 to investigate communist subversion
-Investigation into former State Dept official Alger Hiss revealed
some complicity w/ communists increased fear of communist
infiltrations
The Federal Loyalty Program and the Rosenberg Case
-Truman began 1947 program to determine loyalty of fed
employees; FBI monitored radicals; 1950 Congress passed
McCarran Internal Security Act forcing communist groups to
register w/ government
-Explosion of atomic bomb by Soviets led to famous Rosenberg
trial to find out how Russia had learned of technology so quickly;
Rosenbergs executed
-HUAC, Rosenberg trial, Loyalty program, Hiss ordeal,
McCarran Act all lead to national anti communist hysteria at
national, state, and local level
McCarthyism
-Wisconsin Sen Joseph McCarthy 1951 began leveling charges
of communist agents in State Dept and other agencies; his
subcommittee was at the fore of anticommunist hysteria +
partisan politics
The Republican Revival
 -Korean stalemate + anticommunist sentiments led to Dem
disappointments
-Dem nominated Adlai Stevenson (viewed as liberal and weak on
Communism); Repubs nominated popular Gen Dwight
Eisenhower and VP Richard Nixon (Eisenhower talked of
Korean peace, Nixon of communist subversion)
-Eisenhower won election by huge margin & Republicans gained
control of both Houses of Congress

Write a Thesis for the Although the United States tried to remain isolationist before the war, they
Essential Question changed to trying to police the world. This is mainly because of the strength
gained from the war and the nuclear power.

DAY 2
Essential Question: Describe American foreign policy during the Cold War.
Heading AND Summary Notes/Vocabulary/Key Facts/Key Events/People/Dates/Etc...
(sentence, main idea of topic) (Add or Subtract Rows as Needed)

Heading: Origins of the Cold
War
Summary: The Cold War was
caused by US-Soviet tensions
The Soviet Union wanted a buffer zone after World War 2. The US and
Britain delayed opening a European front which killed Soviets. Stalin agreed
to free elections in Eastern Europe. Promised elections in Poland but this
never happened.

Heading: The Collapse of Peace
Summary: Peace was destroyed
after the Soviet Union blockaded
Berlin and America was forced to
give food and supplies to the
people of Berlin.
Japan was given an ultimate surrender. Truman saw the Soviet agreements
with Yalta as a pact. America supported the nationalists in the Chinese Civil
War. Kennan thought the Soviet threat could be contained. Truman paid $480
million to Turkey and Greece. The National Security was then started. Stalin
cut off all roads and trains to Berlin. US provided food and supplies to the
people of Berlin. NATO was then founded for peace. The Soviet Union
responded with the Warsaw Pact. Soviet Union now had nuclear power.

Heading: American Society and
Politics After the War
Summary: American society
changed because of the higher
production after the war.
Consumer demand was high during the war causing huge production after.
Women, blacks, and hispanics were pushed out of work after the war. Truman
proposed increasing Social Security and raising the minimum wage.
Taft-Hartley outlawed the closed shop. Truman won election of 1948. Truman
campaigned via railroad. Truman abolished poll taxes. Truman desegregated
the military.

Heading: Korean War North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950. Eventually North Korea was
pushed back to the 38th. Macarthur wanted to fight a full scale war against the
Summary: The Korean War Chinese and Koreans. Eisenhower agreed to a border on the 38th parallel of
changed the border of Korea Korea.

Heading: The Crusade HUAC was founded. Alger Hiss was accused of sharing documents with
Subversion enemy nations. Many activities were now associated with Communism in
America. Truman wanted all federal employees to swear an oath to the
Summary: This period in government. The Rosenbergs were convicted of giving bombs to the Soviets.
America saw Communist hysteria The prosecution knew the wife was innocent but they went after her anyways.
 with people accusing others of
being communist. McCarthy
claimed hundreds of members of
government were communist
Answer Essential Question in a
PARAGRAPH
DAY 3
Essential Question: How does this information differ from the textbook?
Heading AND Summary
(sentence, main idea of topic)
Heading: France 1947
Summary: As communism
became popular, America
employed the Marshall Plan.
Heading: France 1950
Summary: France was rebuilt to
modern day and Japan was also
rebuilt to modern day levels
however they could not have a
military
Heading: Germany 1945-End
Summary: The Cold War was
mostly a period of militarization.
People started this period of
hysteria as communist and
blamed everything on
communism.
Answer Essential Question in a
PARAGRAPH
DAY 4
Essential Question: Of these documents, which had the biggest impact on America? Why?
McCarthy claimed people in government were communists. Downfall
happened when he attacked the army on TV.
American foreign policy drastically changed during the Cold War. Before the
American entrance into World War 2, America was trying to remain
isolationist. The strength given to them from the second world war made them
much more internationalist and wanted to become the police of the world and
be involved in almost every other nation. This is like when America was
involved in the Chinese Civil War and Korean War.
Notes/Vocabulary/Key Facts/Key Events/People/Dates/Etc...
(Add or Subtract Rows as Needed)
The Marshall plan was the response to economic problems in Europe caused
by a harsh winter that strengthened support for communism in France and
Italy. The plan was meant to use American aid to fight the instability in
Europe. This was almost like a European New Deal.
Production levels in Europe went back to the pre war normal by 1950. Europe
was on its way to becoming a US style consumer society. Japan was also
rebuilt even though it was not part of the Marshall Plan. Macarthur was like a
dictator and forced Japan to adopt a new constitution. Now in Japan women
could vote and they could not go to war. This allowed Japan to spend its
money on industry.
Germany was divided into East and West including Berlin. The East was the
soviet side and the west was the American capitalist side. The Cold War was
west vs east and capitalism vs communism. The Cold War mainly saw a
change in foreign policy and huge militarization. Interventions in other nations
were viewed as necessary to stop communism. The CIA promoted anti soviet
works of art. The American Health Association went against Truman's health
care needs.
This information differs from the textbook in several ways. One of the ways
this information is different is the information that is presented. This source
does not talk very much about things like the Chinese Civil War or Korean
War. However this source spends more time talking about the militarization
and foreign policy change as well as Communist paranoia. Both of these
sources are very informative about the Cold War.
Document, Link, Author, Year
Document Name and Link: Iron
Curtain Speech
http://www.historywiz.com/prima
rysources/ironcurtainspeech.html
Author: Winston Churchill
Year: 1946
Document Name and Link:
Truman Doctrine
http://www.historywiz.com/prima
rysources/trumandoctrinetext.htm
l
Author: Truman
Year: 1947
Document Name and Link:
Marshall Plan Speech
http://www.historywiz.com/prima
rysources/marshallplanspeech.ht
ml
Author: George Marshall
Year: 1947
Answer Essential Question in a
PARAGRAPH
Notes/Vocabulary/Key Facts/Key Events/People/Dates/Etc...
(Add or Subtract Rows as Needed)
Answer 1: Intended Audience, Purpose, Historical Context, Point of View.
(Highlight the one you will answer)
Answer: In this time in history the Soviets were taking over most of
Eastern Europe
Provide proof from document to justify answer.
Proof in own words: The proof of this justification can be found when
Churchill is speaking about what the Soviets in the east are doing
Answer 1: Intended Audience, Purpose, Historical Context, Point of View.
(Highlight the one you will answer)
Answer: Truman wanted to change the American foreign policy to
combat the growing threat of communism
Provide proof from document to justify answer.
Proof in own words: This is evident in the first sentence when the
document states The foreign policy must be involved
Answer 1: Intended Audience, Purpose, Historical Context, Point of View.
(Highlight the one you will answer)
Answer: During this time in America, there was a growing conflict and
tensions between the capitalist west and the socialist east.
Provide proof from document to justify answer.
Proof in own words: The proof of this can be found in the speech on
this document whenever Marshall is talking about combating the
socialist threat.
Of these documents one had the largest impact on America and that document
was the Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine is the most important because
it best shows the fear of the Soviets for the time and it changed almost all of
America's foreign policy. The other documents are also very important for
their historical significance during the cold war, however the Truman Doctrine
had the largest impact of the three.