What Is a Black Hole?

A black hole is an astronomic phenomenon that no one has ever

actually seen. Nothing can escape from a black hole, even light! How do
scientists know that black holes exist? They have observed that clouds
of gas are quickly moving around invisible objects which are apparently
quite massive. Based on such observations, scientists have concluded
that our own Milky Way galaxy has a black hole at its center.

Centuries ago, two scientists, John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace

developed their own theories that black holes existed, but the term
black hole was not coined until 1967. Many fascinating science fiction
stories have speculated what could happen to a space ship if it got too
close to a black hole. A ship could only escape if it had enough power
and fuel to resist and pull away from the black holes immense
gravitational force. Fortunately, although we have numerous black
holes in our universe, space travel to distant regions would not be that
dangerous as long as people were careful to steer clear of black hole
horizons, the regions from which there can be no escape.
Questions
1. How do scientists know that black holes exist even though they
cannot be seen?

2. How would a space ship avoid being sucked into a black hole?

3. What is the powerful force that draws in everything that enters a

black holes horizon?