31. Sample Size for Mean IQ of NASA Scientists The Wechsler IQ test is designed so, that che mean is 100 and the standard deviation is 15 for the population of normal adults. Find the sample size necessary to estimate the mean IQ score of scientists currently employed by NASA. We want to be 95% confident that our sample mean is within five IQ points of the true mean. The mean for this population is clearly greater than 100. The standard deviation for this population is probably less than 15 because it is a group with less variation than a group randomly selected from the general population; therefore, if we use 7 = 15, weare be- ing conservative by using a value that will make the sample size at least as large as necessary. Assume then that @ = 15 and determine the required sample size. 32. Sample Size for White Blood Cell Count What sample size is needed to estimate the mean white blood cell count (in cells per microliter) for the population of adults in the United States? Assume that you want 99% confidence that the sample mean is within 0.2 of the population mean. The population standard deviation is 2.5. 33. Sample Size for Atkins Weight Loss Program You want to estimate the mean weight loss of people one year after using the Atkins weight loss program. How many people on that program must be surveyed if we want to be 95% confident that the sample mean weight loss is within 0.25 Ib of the true population mean? Assume that the population stan- dard deviation is known to be 10.6 Ib (based on data from “Comparison of the Atkins, Or- nish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Discase Risk Reduction,” by Dansinger, ct al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 1). Is the re- sulting sample size practical?Using Correct Distribution. In Exercises 5—12, assume that we want to construet a confidence interval using the given confidence level. Do one of the following, as appropriate: (a) Find the critical value zq/x (b) find the critical value ta/> (c) state that neither the normal nor the t distribution applies. 5. 95% 2 — 23; o is unknown; population appears to be normally distributed. 6. 99%; m = 25; «is known; population appears to be normally distributed. 7.99%; n = 6; is unknown; population appears to be very skewed. 8. 95%; n = 40; is unknown: population appears to be skewed. 9. 90%; m = 200; ¢ = 15.0; population appears to be skewed. 10. 959% » = 9c isunknown: population appears to be very skewed. 11. 99%; 2 = 125 is unknowns population appears to be normally distributed. 12. 95%; n = 38; 0 is unknown; population appears to be skewed. Finding Confidence Intervals. In Exercises 13 and 14, use the given confidence level and sample data to find (a) the margin of error and (b) the confidence in- terval for the population mean jt. Assume that the sample is a simple random sample and the population has a normal distribution. 13. Hospital Costs 95% confidence; » — 20, ¥ = $9004, s = $569 (based on data from: hospital costs for car crash victims who wore scat belts, from the U.S. Department of Transportation) 14. Car Pollution 99% confidence; n = 7, % = 0.12, s = 0.04 (original values are nitrogen- oxide emissions in grams/ mile, from the Environmental Protection Agency) A survey of 30 emergency room patients found that the average waiting time for treatment ‘was 174.3 minutes. Assuming that the population standard deviation is 46.5 minutes, find the bbest point estimate of the population mean and the 99% confidence of the population mean. ‘Source: Based on nforation from Pres Ganey Asoc Ie