Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

C h n g 1 : C n g c c b n
lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
Nu ngi Vit Nam khng c thc t lm ch
th ngi nc ngoi s lm ch chng ta Falleaf.

Ni dung c bn:

Mch hc vi iu khin BOOK1 ca [RP]

Mi trng son tho v cc trnh bin dch

Cc mch np v mch g ri, m phng

S dng MPLAB IDE

Ti sao li cn cng c? Cn cc cng c g?

Hng nghn nm trc, nu n, ngi ta cn phi i lm ci v t thnh mt ng, ri

lm cc cy chng hoc t cc hn gch ln, ri ngi ta phi t p t lm ni, hoc
thm ch khng c ni nu. Cc mn n hi n gin nh l nng mi! Cn n
th ngi ta dng tay!

Nhng ngy nay, ngi ta c th nu ti hng chc nghn mn, nu nhng ba n cho
hng nghn ngi n, lm ra nhng mn n t khng l ti vi chc mt hay thm ch
nhng mn n ch c vi mili mt. Ngay c vic n cng vy, ngi ta c th n bng tay,
bng mung, bng na, bng dao, Mt ba n trong nh hng nm sao c th c n mt
ci thng dng n ung t trn bn. Nhng kt qu t c hm nay ca mt ba
n, chnh l nh cc cng c nu nng, cc loi gia v c bo ch mi, cc mn dng
c chau chut bng loi vt liu, n gip cho ba n ca chng ta c th c lm
nhanh hn, ngon hn, p hn, phong ph hn, tuyt vi hn. chnh l nh cc cng
c, dnh cho vic Nu v n.

Cng tng t nh vy, khi lm vic vi vi iu khin, nu chng ta mun lm ra sn phm

nhanh hn, chnh xc hn, ti u hn, chi ph thp hn, chng ta s cn cc cng c h tr
chng ta ngy cng hiu qu hn v mnh m hn.

Vy Nu v n th cc cng c tng i r rng, v nu ai cha thy r th c th eo

knh vo ri i vo nh bp thy cho r. Vy cc cng c lm vic vi PIC?

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
Gi chng ta cng kho st v tng tng nh, mt sn phm in t s dng vi iu
khin, trn c bn s l mt ci bo mch in, ngi ta c trn cc phn mch ng dng,
ngi ta c trn con vi iu khin, ngi ta bt in v n chy. Nh vy, trn c bn,
vi iu khin cn c nhng phn sau chy:

Phn MCH NGOI VI: y l phn mch dng cho ng dng ca cc bn. V d
nh cc bn mun ng dng iu khin ng c, th cc bn s c cc mch li,
mch kch, mch c encoder, v n c ni trc tip n vi iu khin.

Phn NGUN: nu khng c ngun in th khng c ci g gi l in c. Ngun
in c th c cung cp v c ly t nhiu ngun v nhiu cch khc nhau.
Nhng ni chung, vi vi iu khin PIC, ngun in c bn nm t 2.5VDC n
5.5VDC. Khng cn bit cc bn dng cch no, nhng PIC16F887 chy c, th
cc bn phi cp ngun cho n t 4.5VDC n 5.5VDC.

Phn DAO NG: phn ny l phn c th nm bn trong PIC, hoc c th nm
ngoi PIC, nhng mc ch c bn ca n l g trng nhp cho PIC hot ng. Hy
tng tng rng, PIC hay bt k vi iu khin no cng ch l mt ng cc con
transistor c ghp li vi nhau, chng hot ng n gin bng cch ng m
cc con transistor ny. Th nhng cu hi l khi no ng, khi no m? Phn DAO
NG gip vi iu khin thc hin vic ny bng cch g nhng nhp iu u
n, gn vi vic to ra mt thi gian tham chiu cho vi iu khin vy.

Phn CHNG TRNH: tt nhin ri! Nhng y, cc bn cn phi hiu l
chng trnh c a vo bn trong PIC. phn bit cc thut ng, chng ta
dng t ting anh l FIRMWARE.

Hnh sau y gip cc bn d nh hn v cc thnh phn ca mt sn phm s dng vi

iu khin:

Hnh 1: Nhng thnh phn c bn ca mt bo mch vi iu khin PIC

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
Vy thit k mt sn phm, c ngha l thit k v phi hp cc phn ny vi nhau thc
hin tnh nng (gi tr s dng) ca sn phm . Hiu mt cch n gin nh vy, chng
ta cn c cc cng c thc hin tng phn trn. Tuy nhin, trong gii hn ca cun sch
ny, chng ti khng th trnh by tt c, c bit l phn MCH NGOI VI, v n lin quan
trc tip ti ng dng ca cc bn. Phn NGUN, c l chng ti s khng cp su,
nhng chng ti s a ra mt vi tng thit k cho cc bn. Phn DAO NG, lin
quan trc tip ti PIC, chng ti s trnh by n chi tit hn cc chng sau. Vy, cc bn
thy r rng rng, lm ch c PIC, chng ta cn hc lm ch chng trnh
(firmware) nm trong PIC. Cu chuyn ca chng ta tr thnh, cc cng c no lm c
FIRMWARE cho PIC?

c th a FIRMWARE vo PIC, chng ta s tri qua cc cng on sau:

Hnh 2: Khi qut quy trnh pht trin ng dng vi PIC

Trong cun sch ny, chng ti s khng cp v Bootloader, y l mt vn nng cao

v kh c th, tuy nhin chng ti s ch gii thiu s qua khi nim v bootloader Ph
lc: Tiny Bootloader

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
Mch hc vi iu khin BOOK1 ca R&P

Hnh 3: Mch hc PIC16F887 ca R&P

Bo mch hc PIC khng th tch ri khi cun sch, do vy, chng ti mun cc bn nm
tht r cc thng tin v bo mch ny.

Tn ca bo mch hc l BOOK1. Tn BOOK1 thc ra l m d n ca R&P, nh du d n

vit sch u tin ca R&P.

Cc chc nng ca bo BOOK1:

Phn mch cp ngun s dng 7805. V y l n p tuyn tnh, do vy, cc bn

khng cp ngun vo qu 12VDC.

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Phn mch PICKit 2 c ci li bi anh TS. Nguyn Quang Nam, tuy nhin n rt
hiu qu trong qu trnh hc tp v thc hnh. Chng ti gi mch np ny l
PK2FUN (PICKit 2 Fun), mang ngha l lm ra cho vui.

Module u tin l I/O, v Ngt ngoi

Module Mux I/O thc cht l mt kiu thit k tit kim chn, s dng 4 chn I/O
iu khin 6 LED v 4 nt bm.

Module ADC, cho php ngi dng bin tr iu chnh gi tr ADC, hoc dng 1
knh ADC nhn bit 2 nt bm mt cch c lp. Thit k ny ch l thit k gi
, trong thc t t ngi s dng gii php ny.

Module LCD 16x02, thc cht m ni ch l mt s bin i ca chc nng I/O. Tuy
nhin, do nhu cu ng dng module ny kh cao, chng ti a n vo bi ging,
nhng nu cc bn cm thy khng cn thit lm, cc bn c th b qua.

Module Motor Control, ch yu module ny chng ti mun ngi hc s dng
chc nng PWM.

Module SFR05, ngi hc s hc chc nng Capture

Module RS232, ngi hc s thc hnh v chc nng UART ca PIC

Module EEPROM, y EEPROM 25LC256-I/P ca Microchip, giao tip SPI. Vi
module ny, cc bn s lm vic c vi EEPROM v c vi SPI

Module cm bin nhit , tng t module EEPROM, chng ta s lm vic vi cm
bin nhit ca Microcihp thng qua giao tip I2C.

Cui cng module mTouch, chng ta s dng chc nng Analog Comparator.

S khi nguyn l ca bo mch BOOK1

Do s nguyn l chi tit ca bo mch tng i phc tp, cho vy, nu trnh by ton b
hnh nh ca s nguyn l trn trang giy ny, s s rt nh n khng th nhn
thy c.

Chng ti s trnh by y s khi cc bn c ci nhn tng qut trc, sau

chng ti s trnh by s nguyn l trong mt chng ring.

Cc bn cng c th download v s dng s nguyn l chi tit ti http://books.rpc.vn

(Trang web t hc PIC).

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n

Hnh 4: S khi bo hc PIC BOOK1 ca R&P

Mi trng son tho v cc trnh bin dch

to ra c file m my np vo PIC, chng ta cn lp trnh bng ngn ng thn

thin vi con ngi, sau bin dch ra ngn ng my v np vo PIC.

Chng ta khng ch c mt mi trng son tho duy nht, v khng phi ch c mt trnh
bin dch duy nht dnh cho PIC. Chng ta c rt rt nhiu cc cng c khc nhau, chng
ti s gii thiu vi cc bn theo hai h thng: Mt h thng dnh cho ngi dng
Windows, mt h thng khc dnh cho ngi dng Linux.

Ch : Cc thng tin m chng ti cung cp y ch c th l thng tin mi nht vo thi

im vit sch (nm 2010), hy cp nht cc thng tin mi nht nu c th.

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
Dnh cho ngi dng s dng Windows

Trnh bin dch ASM (hp ng)

Microchip cung cp trnh bin dch MPASM min ph, v i km trong b ci MPLAB IDE.
Tuy nhin, cc bn ng lm ln gia vic ci t MPLAB IDE (mt mi trng son tho),
vi vic ci t MPASM. Sau khi ci t MPLAB, cc bn c th vo th mc ci t
Microchip >> MPASM Suite c th s dng trc tip MPASM.

Khi khng cn s dng trnh son tho chuyn dng cho PIC, chng ta hon ton c th s
dng Notepad, hoc Notepad Plus, son tho chng trnh, v sau trc tip chy
MPASMWIN.exe bin dch.

Hnh 5: Trnh bin dch MPASM trn Windows

Trnh bin dch cc ngn ng cp cao

Ni dung ny s rt phc tp, do vy, chng ti mun cc bn hiu r cch pht trin ca
cc doanh nghip pht trin phn mm. Giai on u, cc doanh nghip ch tp trung
pht trin trnh dch. V sau, cc doanh nghip tip tc pht trin cc mi trng son tho
cho ring mnh. Nhng khi cng pht trin, th cc doanh nghip s m ra cc cng c cho
php ngi dng tch hp cc trnh dch khc vo mi trng son tho ca h. y l mt
xu hng tt yu, bi v mt thc t l cc lp trnh vin khng mun c khi lm vic vi
mt trnh dch mi, h li phi thay i mi trng lm vic. Mt xu hng tt yu ang
xut hin, l nhng nh pht trin trnh dch, s tp trung vo vic pht trin trnh dch,
v chn mt mi trng pht trin chung.

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
i vi dng PIC10/12/16, Microchip khng c trnh bin dch cp cao. Tuy nhin,
Microchip mua li cng ty HiTech Soft v chng ti s dng HiTech PICC trong gio
trnh ny.

Hi-Tech Soft: (www.htsoft.com)

Trnh son tho: HI-TIDE (HiTech IDE)
Trnh bin dch: HTPIC C (ngn ng C)
Bnh lun: C l y l h thng trnh bin dch chuyn nghip nht dnh cho PIC, chng ti
chn trnh bin dch ny s dng trong gio trnh ny.

Microchip MPLAB C (www.microchip.com)

Trnh son tho: MPLAB IDE
Trnh bin dch: C18 (ch dnh cho PIC18), C30 (ch dnh cho PIC24, dsPIC), C32 (ch dnh
cho PIC32).
Bnh lun: Do khng h tr PIC10/12/16, chng ti khng s dng MPLAB C trong cun
sch ny. Tuy nhin, MPLAB C s l mt la chn tt trong nhng dng PIC cao hn.

CCSInfo: (www.ccsinfo.com)
Trnh son tho: CCS IDE
Trnh bin dch: CCS C (ngn ng C)
Bnh lun: y l mt trnh bin dch rt d dng cho ngi dng. Thm ch ti liu hng
dn chi tit ti ch cn bit c ting Anh l c th s dng PIC, thm ch khng cn
hiu g v PIC!? Chnh iu ny gy ra hai kh khn c bn. Mt l to ra s d dng cho
ngi dng, CCS phi tn nhiu thi gian pht trin hn, do vy, cc phin bn CCS C h
tr cc dng chip mi thng rt chm. Hai l i vi ngi dng vic s dng qu d
dng, m khng hiu g v PIC s khin cho ngi hc c ngy cng ch quan i vi vic
thit k. Chnh v vy, i vi mc sn xut va v nh, chng ti khuyn dng CCS C, v
gi thnh phn mm thp, khng tn nhiu thi gian tm hiu, c bit i vi nhng
ngi ang s dng cc h vi iu khin khc, mun chuyn qua s dng PIC. y l mt
c hi tuyt vi th nghim.

Mikro Elektronika: (www.mikroe.com)

Trnh son tho: MikroE IDE
Trnh bin dch: MikroC (ngn ng C), MikroBasic (ngn ng Basic), MikroPascal (ngn ng
Pascal)
Bnh lun: Chng ti nh gi y l mt cng ty pht trin cc nhanh trong lng PIC, ch
mt vi nm, i t vic thit k nhng bo hc PIC n gin, gi y h l mt n v
pht trin c trnh bin dch cho Microchip. c bit, h h tr c C, Basic v Pascal. Gi
trnh dch ca h cc k thp, v c nng cp sut i. i vi nhng doanh nghip va
v nh, vic trang b MikroE thc s khng phi l vn , v so vi vic trang b HTPIC qu
l mt s chnh lch ln.

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
SourceBoost: (www.sourceboost.com)
Trnh son tho: SourceBoost IDE
Trnh bin dch: Boost C (ngn ng C), Boost C++ (ngn ng C++), BoostBasic (ngn ng
Basic), Novo RTOS (h iu hnh), Flowcode (ngn ng flowchart).
Bnh lun: Chng ti tip cn SourceBoost t nhng nm 2004, 2005, khi , SourceBoost
cha pht trin mnh, nhng dng nh l cng ty u tin pht trin trnh bin dch cho
PIC trn nn tng hng i tng C++. Chnh t nh hng t ban u ny, SourceBoost
pht trin thnh cng Flowcode, vic lp trnh tr nn cc k n gin, khi m ngi lp
trnh ch cn c tng, v ln flowchart, th ch cn bin dch ra C v np vo PIC.

BKND (www.bknd.com)
Trnh son tho: khng c
Trnh bin dch: CC5X (ngn ng C), CC8E (ngn ng C)
Bnh lun: Chng ti khng th nghim nhiu vi hai trnh bin dch ny, v hai trnh dch
ny h tr tng i gii hn. CC5X v CC8E c pht trin t rt lu, nhng BKND
dng nh vn khng pht trin g trong sut 5 nm qua, do vy, chng ti khng khuyn
nhng ngi dng mi tip cn trnh bin dch ny.

ooPIC (www.oopic.com)
Trnh son tho: ooPIC
Trnh bin dch: Bn thn ooPIC l mt kiu lm vic hng i tng kh ring bit.
Bnh lun: Ngi ta khng xy dng mt mi trng vit cc on code, v thm ch
khng b ph thuc vo mt loi ngn ng no, ooPIC to ra cc i tng c sn, dng
cho cc ng dng c bn thng gp. Chng ti khng khuyn cc bn s dng trnh dch
loi ny nu mun pht trin chuyn nghip, tuy nhin, nu cc bn mun hng dn cho
cc cp hc sinh ph thng, cch pht trin ny l mt cch pht trin l th.

SDCC Small Device C Compiler (sdcc.sourceforge.net)

Trnh son tho: khng c
Trnh bin dch: SDCC (ngn ng C)
Bnh lun: y l mt trnh bin dch hon ton min ph, c pht trin bi cng ng
m ngun m. Hin nay, SDCC ang hng ti vic pht trin cho Microchip PIC, v
chm dt vic h tr cho AVR v Z80.

Cn rt nhiu trnh bin dch khc na, nhng chng ti e rng khng c iu kin trnh
by ht, chng ti hy vng cc bn s tip tc cp nht thng tin v bnh lun v cc trnh
bin dch trn PIC Vit Nam. Quan im ca chng ti l khng phi lc no trnh bin dch
ngn ng cp cao cng tuyt i tt, trong qu trnh pht trin, s c nhiu vn . c
bit, i vi dng PIC10/12/16, khi mun a ra sn xut hng lot th cc bn nn kim tra
k m ngun ASM (sau khi bin dch t ngn ng cp cao).

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
Dnh cho ngi dng Linux

Ngoi tr vic s dng WINE hoc cc mi trng m phng Windows, chng ta c th

im qua mt s trnh bin dch in hnh phc v trc tip trn Linux.

Trnh bin dch ASM (hp ng)

Chng ti bit rng nu cc bn dng Linux, chng ti s khng cn phi vit hay nh
gi nhiu, bi bn thn cc bn hiu rt r th mnh ca vic dng Linux.

GPUTILS l mt b cng c tng hp, bao gm GPASM, GPLINK, GPLIB, c pht trin t
nm 2001, phin bn u tin ch c th vt qua chng trnh test 53 file trn tng s 500
file cn kim tra. Qu l mt kt qu rt ti. Tuy nhin, cho ti nay, GPULTILS hu nh
pht trin v h tr rt nhiu.

Cc bn c th download ti: gputils.sourceforge.net

Trnh bin dch ngn ng cp cao

Trnh bin dch ngn ng cp cao m ngun m cho PIC l SDCC v GCC. Bn cnh cc
phn mm m ngun m, hai cng ty CCSInfo v HI-TECH Soft cng cung cp cc phn
mm trn nn Linux.

Mi trng son tho

PIKLab (piklab.sourceforge.net) l mi trng son tho m ngun m tt nht dnh cho
PIC, c h tr tng i mnh m.

Cc bn c th trao i v vic s dng Linux v PIC trong din n PIC Vit Nam v in
T Vit Nam. Chng ti khng trao i nhiu v PIC v Linux trong gio trnh ny.

Cc mch np v mch g ri, m phng

Nh chng ta khng nh, mt vi iu khin m khng c chng trnh nm bn trong

n (firmware), th n chng khc no mt cc . Do , mch np l mt phn khng th
thiu. Khng c mch np cng ging nh vic cc bn nu m khng c bp vy.

C rt nhiu mch np trn th trng th gii, cng nh Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, tu chung
li, tt c cc mch np u tp trung phc v 3 th trng ch yu:

Mch np v g ri dnh cho sinh vin: Loi ny ch yu l gi r, chc nng tng

i hn ch, v ch yu ch m nhim chc nng np chng trnh (firmware).

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Mch np v g ri dnh cho cc nh thit k: Loi ny trang b nhiu tnh nng
hn, ch yu tp trung vo tnh nng g ri v m phng. Gi c khng phi l vn
ln. Tuy nhin, i vi th trng Vit Nam, gi thnh lun l vn , v vy, hu
ht cc nh thit k Vit Nam chp nhn b qua tnh nng m phng (emulator)
m ch dng tnh nng g ri (debugger) nhm gim chi ph trang thit b.

Mch np dnh cho sn xut: Ch tp trung vo tnh nng duy nht l tnh nng np,
iu quan trng nht l phi np nhanh, thao tc n gin, bn vng, m bo cho
cng nhn k thut c th s dng.

Mch np v g ri dnh cho sinh vin (Programmer, Debugger)

Hin nay mch np dnh cho sinh vin rt phong ph, c bit vi mc tiu h gi sn
phm ti ti a, cc sn phm mch np t ch (DIY Do It Yourself) tr nn hp dn
trong th trng ny.

Mch np PICKit 2, PICKit 3 ca Microchip

Hnh 6: Mch np PICKit 2 v PICKit 3

Tnh nng: np hu ht cc dng sn phm Microchip PIC/dsPIC, h tr Programmer To

Go (khng cn s dng my tnh, np chng trnh vo PICKit, sau cp ngun v bm
nt np vo PIC), Logic Analyser, cp ngun t USB qua PICKit 2,3 cp cho PIC.
Gi thnh: khong 30$ n 50$
Tham kho: www.microchip.com/pickit2, www.microchip.com/pickit3
Bnh lun: Cho ti nay PICKit 3 c gi r th trng VN, v vy, chng ti khuyn cc
bn nn quan tm ti nhng sn phm mi nht, sn phm cng mi th gi s cng r.

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http://books.rpc.vn T hc PIC
Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
Mch g ri ICD2 LE (phin bn gii hn)
Tnh nng: np v debug hu ht cc dng Microchip PIC/dsPIC, khng h tr cp ngun
t ICD2 LE. Tnh nng ging ht ICD2, tuy nhin c thit k nh gn hn lm qu
tng cho cc k hi tho. B ngoi nhn ging PICKit 2, nhng c mu xanh dng. Do l
phin bn gii hn (Limited Edition), cho nn sn phm khng c ph bin lm.
Gi thnh: khong 60$ n 80$
Tham kho: Ch c th mua ti R&P
Bnh lun: Chng ti nh gi ICD2 LE v PICKit 2 l ngang nhau, nu mt nh thit k
chuyn nghip mun c cc cng c gi r, c th s dng ICD2 km vi PICKit 2, th hu
nh mi tnh nng cn thit u c trong tay.

Mch np PK2FUN ca R&P

Khi cc bn mua cun sch ny, mch PK2FUN sn sng cho cc bn s dng.

Tnh nng: ging PICKit 2, nhng b i 2 tnh nng chnh l tnh nng Programmer To Go
v tnh nng cp ngun t USB. Do vy, khi s dng PK2FUN, cc bn phi cp ngun cho
PIC th mi s dng c.
Gi thnh: khong 10$
Tham kho: www.dientu.rpc.vn
Bnh lun: Chng ti s pht trin chng trnh m ngun m cho PK2FUN, khi cc bn
sinh vin c th t lm PK2FUN. Mch PK2FUN i km vi bo mch BOOK1 (c ng
V-Cut), cc bn c th b mch ny ra s dng sau khi hc xong vi bo BOOK1.

Mch np gUSB ca PDuyTech

Tnh nng: y l mt mch pht trin t mch GTP-USB, s dng vi chng trnh np
WinPIC800. Tuy nhin, sau PDuyTech pht trin li phn mm v pht trin kh tt.
Gi thnh: khong 10$
Tham kho: www.pduytech.com
Bnh lun: Chng ti cng PDuyTech hp tc a sn phm ny ra th trng, bi v
PDuyTech thc s lm ch c firmware v software ca mch np v chng trnh np.
y l mt sn phm c s u t cht xm thc s. N c pht trin khi GTP-USB cn l
mt d n m ngun m, c th coi y l mt sn phm c pht trin hon ton ti
Vit Nam.

Mch np v g ri dnh cho cc nh thit k (Debugger, Emulator)

i vi cc nh thit k, nhng ngi s kim c tin t vic pht trin cc sn phm vi

Microchip PIC/dsPIC, chng ti khuyn cc bn nn s dng cc mch np v g ri ca
Microchip vi nhng l do nh sau:

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Microchip mun bn c dng sn phm PIC/dsPIC ca mnh, h phi tng cng
h tr cc nh thit k t khu thit k sn phm.

Cc dng sn phm ca Microchip hu ht s c thit k cho vic sn xut hng
lot, n cn qua nhiu khu kim tra, nh gi. Cht lng c kim sot s m
bo cho vic pht trin sn phm n nh

Khi lm thit k, cc bn cn lm vic vi nhng dng chip mi nht ca Microchip,
cc mch np v g ri ca Microchip s h tr nhanh nht cho cc bn

Chng ti khuyn cc bn s dng cc sn phm sau:

ICD3 In Circuit Debugger 3

Hnh 7: MPLAB ICD3 - cng c np v g ri

Tnh nng: L mt phin bn ci tin t ICD2, tuy nhin hin nay ICD2 khng cn sn xut
na. ICD3 tng tc np chip ng k, kh nng g ri c tng cng nhiu im
breakpoint.
Gi thnh: khong 200$
Tham kho: www.microchip.com/icd3
Bnh lun: Chng ti khuyn cc nh thit k nn chn s dng ICD3. R&P s dng
ICD3 ngay t khi sn phm ny ra mt, v chng ti thy vic la chn ICD3 l mt gii
php rt ti u v gi/tnh nng. ng thi, tnh nng m bo cho cc nh thit k
pht trin sn phm hiu qu.

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REAL ICE In Circuit Emulator

Hnh 8: MPLAB REAL ICE - In Circuit Emulator

Tnh nng: M phng trc tip trn mch. Ch yu s dng cho cc mch phc tp, thut
ton phc tp.
Gi thnh: khong 550$
Tham kho: www.microchip.com/realice
Bnh lun: Nhng ngi lm vic vi PIC32, hoc dsPIC cn x l cc thut ton phc tp,
chng ti khuyn dng REAL ICE. Tuy nhin, v mt gi thnh REAL ICE cn c gi tng
i cao so vi mc sng Vit Nam, do vy, c th vo lc ny, n ch ph hp dng trong
cc phng th nghim, trung tm nghin cu. D vy, vi kh nng m phng trn mch,
chc chn n l mt cng c c lc nht hin nay cho vic pht trin sn phm trn nn
Microchip PIC/dsPIC.

Mch np dnh cho sn xut (Gang Programmer)

Vn chnh ca cc nh sn xut chnh l t s gia tc np chip v s lng nhn

cng. Mt bi ton rt r rng nh sau, khi nh sn xut sn xut ln ti khong 100.000
sn phm mi nm, vic np chip tr thnh mt vn rt ln.

Gii php bt buc l phi np cng lc nhiu sn phm, v thi gian np cho chip gn
nh l kh c th gim, ty theo dung lng ca chip v kch thc firmware.

Cc loi Gang Programmer trn th trng hin nay cho php np cng lc t 4 chip n 32
chip cng lc. Chng ti gii thiu 2 loi mch np Gang Programmer dnh cho Microchip
PIC/dsPIC sau y:

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
softLog ICP2GANG
Tnh nng: Mi ln np 4 chip, c th ghp ni vi 16 mch ICP2GANG vi nhau np ti
64 chip cng lc.
Gi thnh: khong 1600$
Tham kho: www.softlog.com
Bnh lun: SoftLog l n v th ba (third party ) t nm 1998. Cc sn phm ca SoftLog
hin nay cng ang c bn ti www.microchipdirect.com. Sn phm ny ph hp cho cc
dy chuyn sn xut ln v cc ln (v c th np ln ti 64 sn phm cng lc).

CCSInfo PRIME8
Tnh nng: Mi ln np c 8 chip, khng cn s dng my tnh, ch cn np firmware vo
PRIME8, sau ch cn cp ngun np.
Gi thnh: khong 900$
Tham kho: www.ccsinfo.com
Bnh lun: Chng ti cung cp mt s mch np ny cho cc nh sn xut Vit Nam.
Chng ti cho rng sn phm ny tng i ph hp vi th trng Vit Nam, khi m nn
sn xut Vit Nam cha n mc qu ln, nhn cng Vit Nam gi r. Vi gi ch bng
mt na so vi SoftLog ICP2GANG, sn phm ca CCSInfo c u th v gi. Vic khng s
dng my tnh np chng trnh c mt u th r rt v vic bo mt firmware cho sn
phm.

PICKit 2 v PICKit 3
Tnh nng: S dng tnh nng Programmer To Go, ch np c 1 chip mt ln.
Gi thnh: khong 30$ n 50$
Tham kho: www.microchip.com/pickit2, www.microchip.com/pickit3
Bnh lun: y l mt mo nh dnh cho cc nh sn xut va v nh, khi khng cn sn
xut vi tc cao, nhn cng r, vic s dng PICKit 2 v PICKit 3 xem nh mt m hnh
gim tc 8 ti 10 ln so vi PRIME8 ca CCS Info, v chi ph u t ban u gim i t 10
n 20 ln.

S dng MPLAB IDE

Chng ti thch ni chuyn theo kiu nu v n, khng phi v chng ti c v ri, m

bi v chng ti mun tm ra mi lin h gia nhng g thng ngy nht vi nhng g s
phi tr nn cc k bnh thng i vi nhng nh thit k trong tng lai.

Vic s dng MPLAB IDE s phi c hnh dung ging nh vic bn ra xoong ni, t ln
bp, v ct chng vo chn bp vy. Bt k mn n no, d ngon n my, th cng khng
th b qua nhng bc c bn ny. Mi ngi u bp vi cc thi quen khc nhau, s c
s chun b khc nhau.

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By gi hy xem nh, chng ta s bt u t vic m MPLAB IDE ln u tin, v to mt
project c bn nht.

Ty chn MPLAB IDE

Mc d MPLAB IDE kh mnh m v thn thin, nhng mt nhc im trong cch trnh
by, m c th i ng pht trin MPLAB IDE li cho l hiu qu, l vic t cc ch
mc nh cho mi trng son tho.

Nhng tnh nng hu nh rt quen thuc vi cc lp trnh vin nh m nhiu file m

ngun, ngi ta thng t chc theo dng Tab d chuyn t file ny sang file khc, hoc
nh vic s dng auto indent (t canh l), hay nh cc tnh nng Dockable sp xp cc
ca s lm vic mt cch ngn np.

Du sao th ch mt cng mt ln thi, cc bn c th t trnh by giao din ca MPLAB

theo mun ca mnh. Chng ti ch gii thiu y mt vi ty chn m hu ht mi
ngi u dng, cn cc ty chn khc, cc bn c th t thit k theo mnh.

Ty chn Dockable
Ban u, khi mi ci t, ca s lm vic s n gin nh hnh di y

Hnh 9: MPLAB IDE khi mi khi ng

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Chng ta thy cc ca s lm vic u nm kh chi vi, v tn khng gian. Chng ta c

th a n st vo cc khung workspace bng cch bm chut ln gc tri pha trn ca
ca s, v chn Dockable.

Sau khi chn Dockable, chng ta c th gi chut tri, v r ca s ny st vo cc mp

khng gian lm vic (workspace). N s t ng dnh vo cc l ca workspace nh hnh
di y.

Figure 10: Chuyn cc khi ca s vo v tr

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Ty chn Auto Indent v Tabbed Windows

Figure 11: Cn c tnh nng Tabbed Window v Auto Indent

Tuy nhin, chng ta li thy, nu cc ca s son tho cng chi vi, nht l khi m
nhiu ca s file, chng ta c th chn cc ch cho n bng cch chn Edit >>
Properties

Chng ta chn cc ty chn sau:

Figure 12: Ty chn cho MPLAB IDE

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Phng ln mn hnh lm vic ln, chng ta c Tab m nhiu file, v c auto indent
vit code.

Kt qu, sau khi khi ng li, mn hnh s nh th ny:

Hnh 13: Giao din lm vic MPLAB IDE do ngi dng ty chn

lu li mn hnh lm vic ny, chng ta s chn Window >> Create Window Set

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Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n
t tn cho giao din, v lu li. T sau, khi cc bn m mt Project mi, ch cn chn
Window >> Window Sets > Bn s c ngay giao din thn thin m bn quen lm vic.

Cn rt nhiu tin ch khc, nhng chng ti s cc bn t khm ph thm trong qu

trnh lm vic v tm hiu. iu ny cng s gip ch hn, bi v cc phin bn MPLAB IDE
s c nng cp lin tc, cc bn hy lm quen vi nhng thay i nh ca mi phin bn
mi, v cc bn s thy n ngy cng thn thin hn vi mnh.

Cc bn c th gp v cc phin bn MPLAB IDE bng cch gi email v:

sales.elctronics@rpc.vn, chng ti s gi cc thng tin phn hi ny v cho Microchip v h
tr cc bn nhiu hn.

To d n (Project) vi MPLAB IDE

Chng ta s bt u bng mt project nh, l bt mt n LED trn chn RE1. y cc

bn khng cn ch n vic vit code nh th no, chng ta ch cn xem qua quy trnh
hon tt mt d n m thi.

Chng ta bt u t mn hnh c bn nht bng cch vo Project >> Project Wizard

Hnh 14: To d n mi

Bc u tin, chng ta s phi chn loi PIC m chng ta cn lm vic. y, bo hc PIC

BOOK1 s dng PIC16F887.

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Hnh 15: Bc 1 - Chn dng PIC s dng cho d n

Bc th hai, chng ta cn phi chn ngn ng lp trnh. y, khi ci t sn HTPIC C,

chng ta s thy trong danh sch cc ngn ng c mc HI-TECH Universal Toolsuite. Nu
cha ci t, hy tt MPLAB i v ci t HTPIC C trc .

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Hnh 16: Bc 2 - Chn trnh bin dch (ng ngha vi chn ngn ng lp trnh)

Bc th ba, cc bn t tn cho d n v to th mc cho d n.

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC

Hnh 17: Bc 3 - t tn cho d n bt u vit m ngun

Xem nh mi vic xong xui ri y, cc bn c th bt u lm vic vi PIC.

Sau khi to d n xong, bn c th ti li giao din Window Sets lu c giao din

quen thuc khi lm vic.

By gi, cc bn cn m mt file mi hon ton v lu li dng .c

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Vi iu khin PIC Nu v n

Hnh 18: Lp trnh

By gi cc bn hy th on code vi ni dung nh sau:

#include <htc.h>

__CONFIG(INTIO & WDTDIS & PWRTEN & MCLREN & UNPROTECT &
DUNPROTECT & BORDIS & IESODIS & FCMDIS & LVPDIS);

void main()
{
ANSEL = 0;
ANSELH = 0;
TRISE = 0b11111001;
PORTE = 0b00000010;

while(1);
}

Sau cng, cc bn bm (1) F10 bin dch.

Cm in vo mch hc PIC BOOK1, cm dy USB, cm cp np t PICKit 2 sang phn mch

pht trin.

Bm vo (2) Programmer >> PICKit 2 kt ni vi PICKit 2 trn mch hc PIC

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 Chapter 1: Cng c c bn lm vic vi PIC/dsPIC
Bm vo nt (3) Program np chng trnh bin dch vo PIC.

Nh vy, PIC chy ri, bn ch cn rt dy ni gia PK2FUN v phn mch chy, bn s

thy LED chn RE1 s sng. Qu trnh ny s lp i lp li i vi mi d n ca cc bn.
l cng thc c bn nht.

Nhng im cn lu trong chng ny

Cc cng c lm vic vi PIC bao gm:

o Mi trng son tho
o Trnh bin dch
o Cng c m phng MPLAB SIM
o Mch np, Mch g ri, Mch m phng phn cng
o Bo mch ng dng, y chng ta ang hc v PIC16F887 v s dng bo
mch ng dng BOOK1 ca R&P

MPLAB IDE c nhng tnh nng rt tt, nhng thng khng c kch hot mc
nh, do vy, khi lm vic vi MPLAB IDE, cc bn cn tm hiu thm v trao i
s dng cc ty chn theo thi quen s dng c nhn

Mch hc PIC BOOK1 bao gm mch np PICKit 2 ci li, gi l PK2FUN, cc
bn khng cn thm cng c np no khc. Khi lm vic vi PIC, v c nhiu kinh
nghim, chng ti khuyn cc bn nn trang b ICD3 thit k v pht trin sn
phm.

Trnh bin dch c s dng trong cun sch ny l trnh bin dch HTPIC C, ngn
ng c s dng l ANSI C, cc bn cn bit lp trnh C lm vic vi PIC, tuy
nhin, cc bn c th tham kho Ph lc: Ngn ng ANSI C tm hiu thm nu
bn cha bit lp trnh C.

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