Indefinite Integral Table http://www.vertex42.com/edu/kinematics.

html 2005 Jon Wittwer

Note: u, v, and w are functions of x. a, c, n, are constants. All 1 n2 2 1 2
csc x dx = n-----------
- csc n 2x cot x + ------------ csc n 2x dx 2c. -----------------------------
n
trigonometric functions use radians. A constant must be added 4. 1. a + bx dx = ------ ( a + bx ) 3 / 2 dx = ------------------ b 2 4ac = 0
to the result of every integration. 1 n1 3b ax 2 + bx + c 2ax + b

csc 2
1 1
2. x a + bx dx = -----------2 ( 3bx 2a ) ( a + bx ) 3 / 2
5. x dx = x csc x + ln x + x 1 2
General and Basic Integrals
Integrals Involving a 2 b 2 x 2
1. af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx 15b
1 1 1
Combined Trig Functions 2x n ( a + bx ) 3 / 2 2an
3. x n a + bx dx = ---------------------------------- ------------------------ x n 1 a + bx dx - dx = ------ tan bx
1. -------------------- ------ ( a > 0, b > 0 )
2. ( u v ) dx = u dx v dx
1. sin x cos x dx = ( sin x ) 2 a2 + b2x2 ab
2 a
b ( 2n + 3 ) b ( 2n + 3 )
3. u dv = uv v du
dx = ------ tanh ------ = --------- ln ---------------
1 - 1 1 1 a + bx
cos ( a b ) x cos ( a + b ) x bx
2. sin ax cos bx dx = ----------------------------- ----------------------------- 4.
x
------------------
-
2
-------
- ( bx 2a ) a + bx 2. --------------------
g ( x ) 2(a b) 2(a + b) a + bx
dx =
3b 2 a 2 b 2 x2 ab a 2ab a bx
5. ------------ dx = ln g ( x )
g(x) for ( a > 0, b > 0 )
3. sec x tan x dx = sec x 4. csc x cot x dx = csc x xn 2x n a + bx 2an xn 1
5. ------------------- dx = ---------------------------- ------------------------ ------------------- dx
{ [ g ( x) ]r + 1 } ( r + 1 ) r 1 b ( 2n + 1 ) b ( 2n + 1 ) a + bx
a 2 + b 2 x 2 dx = --- a 2 + b 2 x 2 + ------ ln ------ + 1 + ---------
x a2 bx b 2 x 2

m+1 n1 a + bx
6. [ g ( x ) ] r g ( x ) dx = m sin n x cos x n 1
5a. sin x cos x dx = -------------------------------------- + ------------- sin x cos x dx
m n2 3.
2 2b a a2
-
ln g ( x ) r = 1 m+n m+n 1 a + bx a
------- ln --------------------------------- for ( a > 0 )
4. -------------------------- dx = --- ln ------ + 1 + ---------
sin x cos x m 1
m1 n+1 1 1 bx b 2 x-2
xn + 1 a
7. x n dx = ------------ sin x cos x dx = -------------------------------------- + ------------- sin x cos x dx b a a2
m n m2 n
( n 1 ) 1
6. ---------------------- dx =
a + bx + a
a2 + b2x2
n+1 m+n m+n
---------
1
x a + bx 2
- tan a-------------- + bx
- for ( a < 0 ) x a2
5. a 2 b 2 x 2 dx = --- a 2 b 2 x 2 + ------ sin ------
1
bx
6. ------------------------------------------ dx = ----------------------- ln tan --- cx + tan ---
dx 1 1 1 1
8. ----- = x 1 dx = ln x (x 0) b
a
x a sin cx + b cos cx c a2 + b2 2 a a 2 2b a
1 1 1bx
dx
9. ----n- = x n dx =
x1 n
------------ ( n 1 ) 1 a + bx b ( 2n 3 ) 1 6. ------------------------- dx = --- sin ------
7. ------------------------ dx = ------------------------------
a ( n 1 )x n 1 2a ( n 1 ) x n 1 a + bx
x 1n Integrals Involving e x e ax ----------------------- ------------------------------ dx 2
a b x 2 2 b a
x n a + bx
a x ) dx = 1 F (u)
SIN F ( e
a u
--
- ----------- d u , u = ea x a + bx 1
8. ------------------- dx = 2 a + bx + a ---------------------- dx Integrals Involving 2ax x 2
1
1. sin x dx = cos x 2. sin ax dx
= --- cos ax
1. e x dx = e x 2. e ax dx = --- e ax
1
3. xe x dx = xe x e x
x x a + bx xa 1
2ax x 2 dx = ----------- 2ax x 2 + ----- cos 1 ---
a2 x

a 1.
a a + bx ( a + bx ) 3 /2b ( 2n 5 ) a + bx 2 2 a
9. ------------------
a ( n 1 )x n 1 2a ( n 1 ) x n 1
1 1 1 1 sin 2ax
3. sin x dx = x sin 2x 4. sin ax dx = x --- ----------------- - dx = ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------------------- dx
2 2
--
- --
- --
- e ax xn
4. xe dx = -----2- ( ax 1 ) 5. x e dx = x n e x n x n 1 e x dx
1
2 4 2 4 a
2. x 2ax x 2 dx = ---------------------------------- 2ax x 2 + ----- cos 1 ---
a x n x 2x 2 ax 3a 2 a3 x
1--- 3 3--- 3 a 1 2 1
c ( ax + b ) 6 2 a
5. sin x dx = sin x cos x sin x cos x + --- x 10. --------------------------------------- dx = ---------- tanh -----------------------
4
d x x--- ----- 1- a ( cx + d )
4 8 8 6. ------------------
- = ln ( a + be cx ) ax + b cx + d ac 1
2ax x 2 + a cos 1 ---
2ax x 2 x
a + be cx a ac 3. ------------------------ dx =
1 n1 n1
6. sin x dx = --- sin x cos x + ------------ sin x dx
n n2
x a
n n a + ex ax a b
7. -------------x dx = ------ ------------ ln ( b + e x ) Integrals Involving a 2 x 2 a2 x2 1
- dx = ---------------------------- cos 1 ---
b+e b b 2ax x 2 2 2ax x 2 x
7. x sin x dx = sin x x cos x 4. -----------------------
a + be x + ce 2x ax a bd + cd 2 F( a 2 x 2 ) dx = a F ( a cos u ) cos u du, x = a sin u x2 x a
sin ax- x-----------------
cos ax- 8. -------------------------------- - dx = ------ + ce x ------------------------------ ln ( d + e x ) 1 1
8. x sin ax dx = ------------- d+e x d d 1. --------------- dx = ------ ln x-----------
+a 1
5. ------------------------ dx = cos 1 ---
2
- 1 x
a a2 x2 2a x a
a
x 1 ex + 1 2ax x 2 a
9. x sin x dx = x cos x + 2x sin x + 2 cos x
2 2 9. -------------------
- dx = --- ------------- 1
( e x 1 )2
a 2 x 2 dx = --- a 2 x 2 + ----- sin ---
2
2 ex 1 x a x

1
6. ------------------------ dx = 2ax x 2 + a cos 1 ---
2. x x
2 2 a
10. x sin x dx = x cos x + n x a
n n n1
cos x d x 2 1 1 + e ax + 1
10. 1 + e ax dx = --- 1 + e a x + --- ln -----------------------------
a a 1
2ax x 2
1 + e ax 1 3. x a 2 x 2 dx = --- ( a 2 x 2 ) 3 / 2
sin
1 1 1
7. ------------------------ dx = --------------- 2ax x 2 + -------- cos 1 ---
11. x dx = x sin x + 1 x 2 3 x2 x + 3a 3a 2 x
1 2 x
11. -------------------- dx = --- ln ( e x + a 2 a ) --- 2ax x 2 2 2 a
1 a 4 1 x
sin ax dx = x ( sin ax ) + --a- 1 a 2 x 2 a x dx = --- ( 2x 2 a 2 ) a 2 x 2 + ----- sin ---
1 1 x
12. ex + a2 a a 4. x 2 2 2
8 8 a 1 2ax x 2
1--- 8. --------------------------- dx = ------------------------
dx
13. ---------------
- = cot ax Integrals Involving a x xn a2 x2 a + a2 x2 x 2ax x 2 ax
sin ax
2 a 5. -------------------- dx = a 2 x 2 a ln ----------------------------
-
ax xnax n x 1 xa
1. a x dx = -------- 2. x n a x dx = ---------- -------- x n 1 a x dx x 9. ------------------------------ dx = ------------------------------
sin ( a + b )x sin ( a b )x ln a ln a ln a ( 2ax x ) 2 3/2
14. sin ax sin bx dx = ---------------------------- + ---------------------------- 1 a 2 2ax x 2
- dx = --- a 2 x 2 sin ---
a2 x2 1 x
2(a + b) 2(a b) n
xn 3 6. -------------------
x 2 2n 4
3. ------------------ dx = --------------- x n 2 x 3 + 1 --------------- ------------------ dx x2 x a
ax Miscellaneous Integrals
15. ----------------------- dx = --- tan --- ------
1 1 x3 + 1 2n 1 2n 1 x 3 + 1
1
1 + sin ax a 4 2 7. -------------------- dx = sin ---
1 x a+x 2a + x a 2 1 x
1. x ------------ dx = --------------- a 2 x 2 + ----- sin ---
xn xn 3 n 3 xn 4 a
4. ------------------ dx = ------------ x 4 + 1 ------------ ------------------ dx a2 x2 ax 2 2 a
x4 + 1 n1 n 1 x4 + 1
COS x x dx = 2--- ln ( x 3 / 2 + x 3 a )
1. cos x dx = sin x
1
2. cos ax dx
= --- sin ax
8. -------------------- dx = a 2 x 2 2. -------------
x3 a 3
a Integrals Involving ln ( x ) a2 x2
F ( ln x ) dx = F ( u )e du, u = ln x x
1
9. -------------------- dx = --- a 2 x 2 + ----- sin ---
u 2 2
1 1 1 1 sin 2ax x x a x 3. ------------ dx = x 2 + ax a ln ( x + a + x )
3. cos x dx = --- x + --- sin 2x 4. cos ax dx = --- x + --- -----------------
2 2
2 4 2 4 a 2 2 a x+a
1 3 3
1. ln x dx = x + x ln x 2. ln ax dx = x + x ln ax a2 x2
1 + x2 1 2x + 1 + x-4
5. cos x dx = --- cos x sin x + --- cos x sin x + --- x
4 3
3. ( ln x ) n dx = x ( ln x ) n n ( ln x ) n 1 dx
1 1 + a2 x2
10. ----------------------- dx = --- ln a---------------------------- 4. ------------------------------------- dx = ------- ln ----------------------------------
4 8 8 - ( 1 x2) 1 + x4 2 1 x2
x a 2 x2 a x
1 n1 1 1
6. cos x dx = --- cos x sin x + ------------ cos x dx
n n1 n2
4. --- dx = ln x 5. ----------- dx = ln ln x 1 1
n n x x ln x 11. ------------------------
- -------
dx = 2 a x- 2 2
x2 a 2 x 2 a x
7. x cos x dx = cos x + x sin x 1 1
6. x n ln x dx = ------------ x n + 1 ln x -------------------2 x n + 1
( n + 1) 3a 4 1 x
12. ( a 2 x 2 ) 3 / 2 dx = --- ( 2x 2 5a 2 ) a 2 x 2 + -------- sin ---
n+1 x
cos ax x sin ax
8. x cos ax dx = --------------
- + ----------------- ax 8 8 a
e
a2 a 7. e ax sin bx dx = --------------- - ( a sin bx b cos bx )
a2 + b 2 1 x DERIVATIVES
9. x 2 cos x dx = x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x 2 sin x 13. -------------------------
- dx = ------------------------
-
e ax ( a 2 x2 ) 3 / 2 a 2 a 2 x2
8. e cos bx d x = ---------------
ax - ( a cos b x b sin bx ) dw dw du du dx 1
------ = ------ = ----------------
1
10. x cos x dx = x sin x n x ------- = ------- ------ : Chain Rule
n n n1
sin x dx a2 + b2 du
dx du dx dx dx du
Integrals Involving x 2 a 2 x2 a2
cos
1 1
11. x dx = x cos x 1 x 2 Hyperbolic Functions d du d d du dv
1 ------ f ( u ) = ------ ------ f ( u ) ------ ( u + v ) = ------ + ------
Note: ln x + x 2 + a 2 = sinh --- ,
e x ex e x + e x sinh x x
Note: sinh x = ----------------- , cosh x = ----------------- , tanh x = -------------- dx dx du dx dx dx
1 a
cos
1 1
12. ax dx = x ( cos ax ) --- 1 a 2 x 2 2 2 cosh x
d- --
u-
= ----2 v ------ u ------
a d- dv du 1 du dv
1 1 1 1 ----- ( uv ) = u ------ + v ------ -----
1. sinh x dx = cosh x 2. sinh x dx = --- sinh 2x --- x ln x + x 2 a 2 = cosh --- , ln -----------------------------
x a + x 2 + a 2 = sinh -- a- dx v v dx dx
2
dx 1 dx dx dx
13. ----------------
- = --- tan ax 4 2 a x x
cos ax
2 a d du dv
1 1 ------ ( u v ) = vu v 1 ------ + u v ln u ------
3. cosh x dx = sinh x 4. cosh x dx = --- sinh 2x + --- x
2
F( x 2 + a 2 ) dx = a F ( a sec u ) sec u du, x = a tan u
2
sin ( a + b )x sin ( a b )x 4 2 dx dx dx
14. cos ax cos bx dx = ---------------------------- + ----------------------------
2 (a + b ) 2(a b) d 1 d
1 1
5. tanh x dx = ln ( cosh x ) F( x 2 a 2 ) dx = a F ( a tan u ) sec u tan u du, x = a sec u ------ ln x = ---
dx x
------ e x = e x
dx
ax
15. ------------------------ dx = --- tan ------
coth x dx = ln sinh x
1
- dx = --- tan ---
6. 1 1 x 1 1
1 + cos ax a 2 1. --------------- 2. --------------- xa
dx = ------ ln -----------
- d d du
------ ( u n ) = nu n 1 ------
x 2 + a2 a a x2 a2 2a x + a ------ a x = a x ln a
dx dx dx
sech x dx = tan ( sinh x ) sech x dx
1 2
7. 8. = tanh x
sin x x 1 d ( log au )
TAN tan x = ----------- 3. ---------------
- dx = --- ln x 2 + a 2 1 du
cos x 9. sech x tanh x dx = sech x x 2 + a2 2 --------------------- = ( log ae ) --- ------
dx u dx
1 10. csch x coth x dx = csch x x a2
1. tan x dx = ln cos x 2. tan ax dx = --- ln ( cos ax )
a 4. x a dx = --- x 2 a 2 ----- ln x + x 2 a 2
2 2
2 2
d ( sin x ) dx = cos x d ( cos x ) dx = sin x
2 2
1 d ( tan x ) dx = sec x d ( cot x ) dx = csc x
3. tan
2
x dx = tan x x 4. tan
2 1
ax dx = x + --- tan ax
11. csch x dx= ln tanh --- x
2 1
5. x x 2 a 2 dx = --- ( x 2 a 2 ) 3 / 2 d ( sec x ) dx = sec x tan x d ( csc x ) dx = csc x cot x
a 3
e ax
12. e ax sinh bx dx = ---------------
- ( a sinh bx b cosh bx ) d ( sin u )
1

----------------------- = ------------------ ------ for --- sin 1u ---
1 a4 1 du
tan
x dx = ------------ tan x tan x dx
n n1 n2 x
5.
n1
a2 b2 6. x 2 x 2 a 2 dx = --- ( 2x 2 a 2 ) x 2 a 2 ----- ln x + x 2 a 2 dx 2 2
8 8 1 u 2 dx
eax
1 13. e cosh bx dx = ---------------
ax - ( a cosh bx b sinh bx )
6. tan x dx = x tan x --- ln ( x 2 + 1 )
1 1 1 1
a2 b2 x2 + a2
7. -------------------- dx = x 2 + a 2 a sinh ---
a d ( cos u ) 1 du
2 x ------------------------ = ------------------ ------ for ( 0 cos 1u )
x dx 1 u 2 dx
1 1 1 Integrals Involving a + bx
7. ----------------------- dx = --- x + --- ln ( cos ax + sin ax ) x2 a2 1
d ( tan u )
1

8. -------------------- dx = x 2 a 2 a sec --x- ----------------------- = -------------2- ------ for --- < tan 1u < ---
1 + tan ax 2 a 1 1 du
F ( a + bx ) dx = --b- F ( u ) du, u = a + bx x a dx 1 + u dx 2 2
cos x 1 x2 a2 x2 a 2 d ( cot u )
1
COT cot x = ----------- = ----------- 1 1
1. --------------- dx = --- ln a + bx 9. -------------------
- dx = -------------------- + ln x + x 2 a 2 1 du
----------------------- = -------------2- ------ for ( 0 < cot 1u < )
sin x tan x a + bx b x2 x dx 1 + u dx
1 1
cot x dx 2. cot ax dx = --- ln ( sin ax ) 10. -------------------- dx = ln x + x 2 a 2
1 1 1
1. = ln sin x d ( sec u )
2. ----------------------2 dx = ----------------------- = --------------------- ------ 0 sec u < --- sec u < ---
----------------------- 1 du 1 1
a ( a + bx ) b ( a + bx ) x2 a2
1
dx u u 2 1 dx 2 2
cot x dx 4. cot ax dx = x --- cot ax
2 2
3. = cot x x 3.
1 1
- (n 1 ) 1 x2 a 2
-------------------
---------------------
- ----------------------------------------------- 11. ------------------------- dx = +
1
dx = - ( csc u )
= --------------------- ------ 0 < csc u --- < csc u ---
a ( a + bx ) n ( n 1 )b ( a + bx ) n 1 d----------------------- 1 du 1 1
x2 x 2 a 2 a2x
1 dx u u 2 1 dx 2 2
cot x dx = n-----------
- cot n 1x cot n 2x dx
n
5. x 1
4. --------------- dx = -----2 [ a + bx a ln a + bx ] 1
12. ----------------------- dx = --- sinh ---
1 1 1 a
a + bx b d ( sinh x ) dx = cosh x d ( cosh x ) dx = sinh x
x x2 + a 2 a x
1
6. cot x dx = x cot x + --- ln ( x 2 + 1 )
1 1 2 2
x 1 a d ( tanh x ) dx = sech x d ( coth x ) dx = csch x
2 5. ----------------------2 dx = -----2 --------------- + ln a + bx 1 1 1
( a + bx ) b a + bx 13. ----------------------- dx = --- sec --x- d ( sech x ) dx = sech x tanh x
x x2 a2 a a
1 x a + 2bx - d ( csch x ) dx = csch x coth x
SEC sec x = ----------- 6. ----------------------3 dx = ------------------------------ x
cos x ( a + bx ) 2b 2 ( a + bx ) 2 14. -------------------- dx = x 2 a 2 d 1 du
------ sinh 1u = ------------------ ------
x2 a2
1. sec x dx = ln sec x + tan x x2 1 1
7. --------------- dx = -----3 --- ( a + bx ) 2 2a ( a + bx ) + a 2 ln a + bx x2 x 2
dx u 2 + 1 dx
1 a + bx b 2 15. -------------------- dx = --- x 2 a 2 + a----- ln x + x 2 a 2 d 1 du
------ cosh 1u = ------------------ ------ for u > 1 and cosh 1u 0
2. sec ax dx = --a- ln ( sec ax + tan ax ) x2 1 a2
x2 a2 2 2
dx u 2 1 dx
8. ----------------------2 dx = -----3 a + bx --------------- 2a ln a + bx 16.
( a + bx )
sec x dx d
2
b a + bx x 3a 4 1 du
3. = tan x ------ tanh 1u = --------------2 ------ for 1 < u < 1
( a + bx ) n + 1 ( x 2 a 2 ) 3 / 2 dx = --8- ( 2x 2 5a2 ) x 2 a2 + ------- 8
- ln x + x 2 a 2 dx 1 u dx
1 1 9. ( a + bx ) n dx = ---------------------------- ( n 1 )
sec x dx
3
4. = --- sec x tan x + --- ln sec x + tan x b ( n + 1) 1 x
2 2 17. -------------------------
- d x = -------------------------
1 1 ( x2 a2 ) 3 / 2 a2 x2 a2
1 n2
5. sec x dx = ------------ sec x tan x + ------------ sec x dx
n n2 n2 10. ----------------------- dx = --- ln --------------
x -
n1 n1 x ( a + bx ) a a + bx
1 1 b Integrals Involving ax 2 + bx + c
sec 11. ------------------------
1 1
6. x dx = x sec x ln x + x 2 1 - dx = ------ + -----2 ln a--------------
+ bx
- 1
x 2 ( a + bx ) ax a 1
- dx = ---------- tan x a---
1
x 1. ----------------
ax 2 + c ac c
1 1 1 1
CSC csc x = ---------- 12. -------------------------2 dx = ----------------------- + -----2 ln --------------
x
-
x ( a + bx ) a ( a + bx ) a
dx = ------------------------ tan ------------------------
1
sin x a + bx 1 2 2ax + b
2a. -----------------------------
ax 2 + bx + c 4ac b 2
1. csc x dx = ln csc x + cot x
Integrals Involving a + bx
4ac b 2
1 for 4ac b 2 > 0
2. csc ax dx = --- ln ( csc ax cot ax ) 2
a F ( a + bx ) dx = --b- uF ( u ) du, u = a + bx 1
2b. -----------------------------
1 2ax + b b 2 4ac-
dx = ------------------------ ln -------------------------------------------------
ax 2 + bx + c
csc x dx
2 b 2 4ac 2ax + b + b 2 4ac
3. = cot x n
F ( n a + bx ) dx = --b- u n 1 F ( u ) du, u = n a + bx for b 2 4ac > 0