A COMPLETE TEXTBOOK AND REFERENCE GUIDE SPEAK naturally with 40 realistic dialogues using everyday language PRACTICE with clear grammar explanations and plenty of exercises DISCOVER more than language with cultural highlights on society and lifestyleCONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE RUSSIAN ALPHABET AND SOUNDS YPOK 1: 3HakOMcTBO. Getting Acquainted. A. Auanor (Dialogue): Ha BbictaBke aMepUKAHCKOK KomNbIOTepHOn TExHMkH. At an American Computer Show. B. Npou3sHowéunue (Pronunciation): 1. The Consonants 6, 3, K, M, andt 2. Yagapéuue (Stress) | 3, MHTOHAWMA (Intonation) C. fpammatuka 4 cnopoynotpe6néHue (Grammar and Usage): 1. The Absence of “to Be” in the Present Tense 2. Articles 3. Personal Pronouns 4. Simple Negation 5. Asking and Answering Questions D. CnoBapb (Vocabulary) Pycckan Kynbtypa (Russian Culture) YnpamHéHna (Exercises) - YPOK 2: B aaponopty. At the Airport. ' A. Aluanoér (Dialogue): Ha TamoxkHe. At Customs. B. NpousHowénHne (Pronunciation): 1, The Stressed Vowels. 0, a, and bt 2. The Unstressed Vowels. 0, a, A, ande. 3. The Vowels uv, y, 0, and 3 C. [pammatuka “ CnoBoynotpe6néHue (Grammar and Usage): 1. Formal versus Informal Speech 2. The “Umbrella” Spelling Rule 3. The Gender of Nouns 4. Noun Plurals 5. “To Have” D. CnoBapb (Vocabulary) Pyccxaa KyfbtTypa (Russian Culture) YnpaxHénna (Exercises) YPOK 3: B roctiHnue. At a Hotel. A. Auanér (Dialogue): Myx vu xeHd y cTOMKN peructpauun. A Husband and Wife at a Hotel Reception Desk. B. Npou3zHowéxne (Pronunciation): 1. Intonation Pattern AK 3 2. Soft and Hard Vowels 3. The Consonanis a, ft, A, H, and b C. fpammatuka uv cnoBoynotTpebnéHue Grammar and Usage): 1,Intreduction to Verb Conjugation 2. The Present Tense of 7 14 14 15 16 138 18 20 24 25 26 28 28Conjugation | Verbs 3. Cardinal Numbers O-10 4. Irregular Noun Plurals 32 D. CnoBdpb (Vocabulary) 36 Pycckaa KyibTYpa (Russian Culture) 37 Ynpamnéuua (Exercises) 37 YPOK 4: O6méu géHer. Exchanging Money. 39 A. Auanoér (Dialogue): B 64nke «Mocksa». At the “Moscow” Bank. 39 B. Npowu3zsHowéHne (Pronunciation): 1.The Soft Sign (b) 2. Intonation of “Bbl He 3HdeTe... ?” 40 C, [Tpammatuka nw cnopoynotpe6néuue (Grammar and Usage): 1. An Introduction to Cases 2. The Nominative Case 3. The Prepositional (Locative) Case 4. The Prepositional Case of Personal Pronouns 5. Either/Or 6. Cardinal Numbers 11--20 44 D. Cnosdpb (Vocabulary) —— . - - 47 P¥cckas KyAbTypa (Russian Culture) Ok 48 Ynpamuéuua (Exercises) 49 YPOK 5: Ha pa6dte. At Work, | 51 A. Ananér (Dialogue): B yupemaéuun B noHeAeNbHUK YTpom. At the Office on Monday Morning. 51 B. Mpowu3sHowénHue (Pronunciation): 1. Consonant Devoicing 2, Consonant Clusters 3. The Consonants B, 1, p, and c 52 C. [pammatuna nw cnoBoynotpe6néuue (Grammar and Usage): 1. The Verbs xKuTb (fo live) and nucdtb (to write) 2. The Accusative Case and Direct Objects 3. The Days of the Week 4. The Conjunction a 5. Patronymics and Last Names 54 D. CnoBapb (Vocabulary) on 58 Pycckas KynbtTypa (Russian Culture) Bo 59 YnpaxxHeunun (Exercises) eee 59 Népeas nposépka (First Review) 62 YPOK 6: CuAtue kBapTppl. Renting an Apartment. 64 A. flvanor: B uuctutyte. At the Institute. 64 B. fpouzsHowéuue: 1. The Consonants w and uw 2. The Hard Sign b 65 C. Ppammdtuka un cnosoynotpebnéune: . 1. An Introduction to Adjectives 2. Short-form Adjectives 3, The Verb “To.Want” 4. Cardinal Numbers 30-1,000 0.2.0... 66 vi | | ContentsD, Cnopapp re 70 Pycckan KynbTypa Be 7 71 YnpamHénua es 72 YPOK 7: Pazrosdp 0 ade u cembé, Talking About Home and Family. | 74 '. A, Auanor: B nde3ge, y Kpacnospcoro poxsana. On.the Train, Near Krasnoyarsk Station, = 74 B. MpousHowéuue: 1. The Consonants #4, X, UY, and 4 2. Exclamations with AK S 3,.The Sott n - 75 C. [pammatuka vu cnoBpoynotpeG6néuue: 1. The Present Tense of Conjugation Il Verbs 2. Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns - (Special Modifiers) 3. Demonstrative Adjectives (Special... Modifiers) _4. The Prepositional Case of Adjectives and Special Modifiers 5. The Accusative Case of Nouns and Pronouns 6, Family and ¢ Relationship Words 7. Nox6x (Similar) and the Accusative, . Lo: 76 D. CnoBapb 83 PYccKan KyAbTypa , ob 84 YopaKHéeHnn . 85 YPOK 8: Ha Konuépte. At a Concert. 87 A. Alvanor: B bové Jan Punapmonun. In the Foyer at the . Symphony. . 87 B. powu3zHowénne: 1. Questions with AK 4 2. Pronunciation of Complex Sentences 89 - C. Ppammatuna uv cnogoynorpe6néune: 1, The Genitive Case 2. The Genitive Case of Personal Pronouns 3. Het with the Genitive Case 4. Comple eX ‘ Sentences 5. Commands and Requests _ 90 D. Cnopdpb | 94 Pycckaa KyfbTYpa 95 YnpaxkHénua | a 95 YPOK 9: Mpoxkdt aBromo6sina, sanpaBKa GexaviHom, Renting a Car; Getting Gas. | OT A. Ananor: Ha nyHkte npoKata. astomo6iinel B Kviese. At the. Car Rental Agency in Kiev. 97 B. Mpowsnowéuue: 1. Double Letters . 2. Intonatic ion'of.New of Questioned Information ~ 98 C. [pammatuna 1 cnoaoynorpe6néune: 1. Two Verbs of Motion: WaT and 6éxaTb 2. [fe versus Kyga (Location versus Direction) Contents. - aes - Vii3. The Accusative Over Time and Space 4. The Accusative Case of Adjectives and Special Modifiers 5. Reflexive Verbs 6. Emphasis with we D. Cnopaps ‘Pycckaa Kyfbtypa YnpaxkHeHna . YPOK 10: Ha dure, At the Post Office. A. Auanor : B kadberépun yHusepcuréra. At the University Cafeteria. —- B. pousHouéune: 1. The Consonant # 2. The Soft p : C. Tpammatuka vu cnosoynotpebaéuue: 1. The Dative Case (Indirect Objects) _ 2. The Accusative with uépe3 3. The Genitive After the Prepositions y, 40, and ot 4. The Genitive with Numbers 2-4 5. Possibility and Permission: MOMKHO and Henb3f 6. Feminine Nouns Ending in —b 7. Capitalization D. Cnopapp Pycckan KyNbTypa YopaxKnénna Bropda nposépra (Second Review) Texct ana urénua (Reading): Feorpacbua YPOK 11: Floxog B KuHO. Going to a Movie. A. Jluan6r: Ne tenedouy. On the Telephone. . _ B. [pammatuna uw cnosoynotpe6nénve: 1. The Past Tense 2. The Dative Case of Personal Pronouns 3. Expressing “To Like” 4. Telling Time . C. Cnopapb Pycckaa KyAbTYpa Ynpaxxnéuua YPOK 12: floxynka Ounéta Ha nde3g. Buying a Train Ticket. A, Auanor: ¥ GunétHom Kdccbl BoK3dna. At the Train Station Ticket-window. B. Fpammatuka uv cnosoynotpeénéuue: 1. Uni- Versus Multi- Directional Verbs of Motion 2. The Singular Genitive and Accusative Case of Adjectives 3. The Singular Genitive and Accusative Case of Special Modifiers. 4. The Months and 99 105 106 {07 109 109 110 114 115 116 117 1719 121 123 123 125 129 130 131 133 133 Vili Contentsthe Date 5. More on Telling Time (with Genitive) 6. The Instrumental Case of Personal Pronouns 7. Personal Pronouns with Prepositions C. CnoBapb Pycckan kynbTypa YnpaxkHeHua YPOK 13: Cumntompbi “ neKapctBa. Symptoms and Medicine. A, Auanor: B antéxe, At a Pharmacy. B. Tpammartuka u choBoynotpebnénne: 1. The Future Tense with 6biTh 2. The Instrumental Case of Singular Nouns 3. Expressing Obligation with a6mxKeH. 4. Double Negatives 5. Onomatopoeias | C. CnoBdpp PyccKan KyfbTYpa: VnipaKHéHua YPOK 14: Co6cTBeHHoe onncdaune. Describing Oneself. A. Auandr: No teneddouy. On the Telephone. B. C. Fpammatuka 4 cnoBoynotpeénénue: 1. Description of Color and Height (with Genitive) 2. a Versus uw and HO 3. The Instrumental Case of Adjectives and Special Modifiers 4, Verbs That Require the Instrumental Case 5. Each Other (apyr apyra) 6. Nouns Used Only in the Piural or Singular Cnopdpb Pycckan KynbTypa YnpaxHéuua YPOK 15: O6pa3oBaHne u pacnucdyua. Education and Schedules. A. Auanor: B o6uwexdtun yHuBepcutéra., In a University B. C. Dormitory. [pammMattika 4 cnoBoynotpebnénue: 1, The Dative Case of Plural Nouns 2. Greetings and Good Wishes 3. Verbs of Studying, Learning, and Teaching 4. Adverbs of Place, Time, and Frequency 5. YoKé versus ewé CnoBdpb » Pycckan KynbTypa YnpamHéuua . Tpétba npoBépka (Third Review) | Contents 134 141, 142 143 145 145 146 154 152 153 #55 155 156 162 164 - 164 166 166 167 172 174 174 177YPOK 16: B pectopaue. At a Restaurant. 179 A. Auanor: Yoxun'c apy3bamu. Dinner with Friends. - cat 179 B. fpammatuka u cnosoynotpeénénve: — 1. Quantifiers 2. The Genitive and Accusative Case of Plural Nouns 3. Languages and Nationalities (no-pyccKu versus pyccKun) 4.N...n (Both...and...) 5. Some of (The Partitive Genitive) 6. The Verb ecTb (to eat) 181 C. CnoBdpb | es | 187 Pycckan KynbTypa Ce So 188 YnpaxkHeHna “ AS poe oo 189 YPOK 17: Hésoctn no Tenesdzopy. The News on Television. 192 A. Auancr: -fi6ma Béuepom. At Home in the Evening. .. 192 B. Ipammatuka u cnoBoynotpebnéune: 1. Adverbs of Manner 2. impersonal Expressions 3, Reported Speech 4, “One” and “All” 5. To Try (nbitdtbca versus CTapaTbCa versus nonpd6opatb) 6.TheSeasons ©... > 193 C. Cnopapb oe 498 P¥cckan KYAbTYpa | | os | 199 VnpaHéHua oo, D 200 YPOK 18: Mnanvposdnve ndée3zaKn. Planning a Trip. | 202 A. Juanor: B typucti4eckom aréuctee. At a Travel Agency. 202 B. fpammatnka u cnoBoynotpeénéHne: 1. Prepositional Plural Endings 2. Ecnu versus iu -3. “By Means Of” and the Instrumental Case 4. “Some-” versus “any-” (-TO versus -Hu6yab) 5, The Future and the Past with Impersonal Constructions 6. Conjugation of -opaTb/-eBaTb Verbs 7. “Different” versus “Another” a 203 C. choedpe — . 209 Pycckan KymbTypa a 210 Ynpanénna : ett YPOK 19: Boiropbie ycnyru. Domestic Services. 213 A. Auanor: B xumulctke. At the Dry Cleaner’s. mo 213 B. pammdtuka u cnopoynotpebnéHue: = 1. The Instrumental Plural of Nouns 2. Introduction to Verb Aspect 3. Verbal Aspect in the Past Tense 4. mo- as a Perfective Prefix 5. More on Short-form Adjectives© cn 214 X . . i ContentsC. Cnopdpb 220 PyccKaa KynbTypa 221 YnpaxkHeuna . 222 YPOK 20: O6wécrBeHHbIi TpdHcnopt. Public Transportation, 224 A. Ananor: B Cankt-Metep6ypre, Ha ocTaHoBKe asrs6yca. In St. Petersburg, at a Bus Stop. 224 B. Fpammatuka u cnoBoynotpednéuue: 1. Expressing Need with HyKeH and HyKHO/HaAO 2. Prefixes and Verbs of Motion 3, Adjectives Used as Nouns 4, Ordinal Numbers 225 C. Cnopdpb : . 230 Pycckaa KynbTypa | 230 YnpaxHeHna | | 231 YeTBéptaa nposépxa (Fourth Review) oo 233 Tekct Ann uTéHuA (Reading): Beicuiee o6pazoBdnue 235 YPOK 21: fleuénne 3y66s. Dentisiry. | 237 A. Aiuanor: B 6ydbéte. At a Snack-bar. 237 B. Ppammatuka u cnopoynotpe6nénue: 1. Perfective Verbs in the Future Tense 2. Kotoéppli (which, that, who, whom) 3. Irregular Verbs 4. Verbs Ending in-aBatb 5. The Prepositions k, oT, and y_ 6. interjections 238 C. CnoBdpb ~ | | 243 Pycckaa KynbTypa | 244 YnpanHénna 245 YPOK 22: Bbipaxénua GnarogapHoctu u KomnAMMéHTHI, Expressions of Gratitude and Compliments. 247 A. Auanor: B kBaptTvipe nog Hoppin réa. In an Apartment, on New Year’s Eve, 247 B. [pammdatuna u cnonoynorpe6nénne: 1. Aspect Pairs 2. MHOro versus O4eHb 3, The Preposition 3a 4. The Past Tense of Unidirectional Verbs of Motion 5. Aasai(re)...! (Let’s...!) 249 C. Cnopdpp: : oo | 253 Pycckaa KyfbTypa 254 YnpakHeHua 255 ~ YPOK 23: Homawtue pend. Domestic Activities. 257 A. Jluanor; Ndcne o66a, Ha pa6éte. After funch, at work. 257 Contents : . xiB. Tpammdtuka vu cnopoynotpe6néuue: 1. Aspect of Verbs of _ Motion 2. Aspect Pairs with Different Stems ..3. Torgd versus NOTOM versus 3aTéM 4. Word Roots 5. The Verb npoBogavitb 258 C. Cnopadpb 263 Pycckaa KyNbTypa . 7 | 264 YnpawHeHna Oo 265 YPOK 24: 3anonHéHue aHkér. Filling out Forms, a 268 A. Avanor: ¥ spaya. At the Doctor's. 268 B, [pammatuxa u cnopoynotpe6néuue: 1. The Date and the Year | - 2. Collective. Numbers 3. Expressing “To Ask” 4. The Verbs _pactii (To Grow Up) and YyMupate (To Die} 5. Cao versus Mon Do 270 C. Cnoedps a 7 | 274 Pycckan KynbTypa ee BIS YnpaxHénna Be 275 YPOK 25: Moxynkn B yHuBepmare. Shopping in a Department Store. 277 A. Auanor: B ToctiHom ABopé, 6 Nerep6ypre. At Gostiny’ ‘Dvor, in | St. Petersburg. , 277 B. fpammatuxa u cnosoynotpe6néuue: 1. Mo plus the Dative Case 2. “To Fit, To Suit” 3. Expressing Opinions “4. Verbs with Consonant Mutations/Stress Shifts 5. Expressing Proximity ° . . 278 C. Cnopdpb : 282 Pycckan KynbTypa 283 YnpaxHéHna Bo BA Natasa npopépxa (Fifth Review) eens & re 286 YPOK 26: Cpdab6a. AWedding, Sten a 288 A. Auanor: fpxyan nonyudet npurnauiéine Ha cadabby. Judy | Receives a Wedding Invitation. 288 B, fpammatuka w ChoBpoynoTpe6néunue: 1. The Dative Case of Plural Adjectives and Special Modifiers 2. The instrumental After CTaHOBUTbCA/CTaTb and 6bITb 3. Aspect with Henb3a and MOMHO 4. Expressing “Also, Besides” 5. Mout versus uyTb He (Almost) . 289 C. Cnopdps . 294 Pycckan KynbTypa oe ae 295 YnpadkKHeHuna Se als Ee as 296 xii . ce 7 o ContentsYPOK 27: Nori-kynbTypa, HapOaHaa my3blKa. Popular Culture, Folk Music, 298 A. Auanér: Ha seyepvinte. At a Party. 298 B. fpammatuka « cnosoynotpe6néuue: 1. Prepositions Requiring © the Instrumental Case. 2,A Summary of Aspect 3. The Prepositions #3, oT, andc 4. Verbs with an Added Soft a 5. The Four Compass Poi nts 6. The Twelve Signs of the Zodiac . 300 C. Cnopapp Be 305 Pycckan KyAbT¥Ypa 307 . YnpamHénua OO - B07 YPOK 28: Noxynka FpogyKTos. Shopping for Food. 309 A, Auanor: Kona uv Mat nokyndiot npoayutbl Ha poinKe ana yuna cnydato AHA pougénna. Kolya and Pat Shop a at the Farmers’ Market for a Birthday Dinner. 309 _. B. fpammatuna uv cnopoynotpe6néuue: 1. The Genitive and - Accusative Case of Plural Adjectives and Special Modifiers 2. The Comparative. 3. Units of Food 4. Love and Hate 310 C.Cnopdpb | | 314 P¥ccKan KYAbTYpa a 316 YnpaxHénna . : 316 YPOK 29: Ha gocyre. At Leisure. 318 A. Awanor: Ha gaye. At a Dacha. oo 318 — B. Fpammatuka u cnopoynotpe6néHue: 1. The Instrumental 7 Case of Plural Adjectives and Special Modifiers 2. Expressing Similarity 3. Hé- plus Question Words 4. The Verb urpatb (To Play) 5, lrregular Short-form Comparatives 6. Masculine Nouns Ending in vy. in the Prepositional Case 319 C.Cnopapb — | 324 Pycckaa KynbTypa 325 YnpaxkHeHna 326 . YPOK 30: B my3ée, At a Museum. | 328 : A. Auanér: B Ipmutaxe. At the Hermitage Museum. 328 B. fpammatuka u cnoBpoynotpe6néune: 1. The Superlative 2. The Conditional with 6b1 3. Plural Subjects with c 4. Declension and Number of Surnames — 5. (CrosTb versus CTOUTb 329 C.Cnopdpb > oO 333 . P¥cckan KynbTypa Soe 334 YnpakHéHna ~ a ae 335 ~_ Contents _ : oo xiiiWectaa npoBépka (Sixth Review) : 337 TeKcT AA YTéHMA (Reading): paganunu — 339 YPOK 31: FotdBka. Cooking. 341 A. Auandr: fandina Vpdnosna, Kona uv Mat rorésat y>KUH 10 cnydalo AHA pooKAéenua, Galina lvanovna, Kolya, and Pat | Prepare a Birthday Dinner. = 341 B. Tpammatnka u cnopoynotpebméune: 7, The Command Form 2. Ce6s versus cam 3. The Prefix no- (A Little Bit, A While) 4, Expressing “While” co. - . 342. C. CnoBdpb . ae . 347 Pycckaa KynbTypa cet . 348 A3bik B ACMCcTBMN (Language | in Action) BAG YrnipaxkHéHna | . oe B4Q YPOK 32: Meauutina. Medicine. : Co 352 A. Auancr: B nonunnvinune. At the Health Center, eee 352 B. Tpammatuna 4 cnopoynotpe6néune: .1. Perfective and Imperfective Imperatives 2. “Again” 3. The Metric System 4. The Past and Future Tenses with aosKeH 5. Parts of the Body | 353 - C. Cnopapp | . - 358 _ PyccKaa KyAbTypa . 359 YnpaxHéenns oS 359 YPOK 33: Co6ecégosanue npu npvéme na pabory. A Job Interview. 361 A. Amanor: Anexcauapa puro6pbeBua unTepBbiolipyer Bunna. Aleksandra Grigorievna is Interviewing Bill. 361 B. Ppammatuxna u cnopoynotpe6néuue: 1. Both (66a) -2. The Past and Future Tense with Impersonal Expressions 3. The Adverb “Just” 4. Conjugation of -HyTb Verbs 5. “Since” 362 C. Cnopdpb | - 366 Pycckaa KyAbTypa ae 368 YnpaxKHéeHua 369 YPOK 34: Mloxynka nogdpkos u cyBenvipos. Shopping for Souvenirs and Presents. 371 A. [lwanor: Ha Ap6ate. On the Arbat, 371 B. [pammatuka u cnosoynotpebnénue: 1. Tot (That one, Those ones) 2. Verbs of Position 3. Conversational Fillers - 4, OctaHosutp(ca), ocTaBdTbca, and octdeutb 5, The Suffix -@HbE- 372 xiv ‘ Ss ContentsC.Cnopapb =... a Se 378 Pycckan KyAbTypa oo 380 YnpaxkHéHna 380 YPOK 35: Uctopua, naakatoi u ra3érol. History, Posters, and - Newspapers. . | 382 A. Auancr: B 6u6anuoréKe. At the Library 382 B. Tpammatuka u cnosoynotpednéuue: — 1. 3a4ém versus novemy 2. The conjunction 4TOGbI 3. Slogans -4, The Preposition npn 5.Decades rane es 383 C.Cnopdpb - PE ree 386 Pycckan KyAbTYpa 388 YripaxkHeéHua : a | 388 Cenbmas nposépka (Seventh Review) a - ~ 390 YPOK 36: Monvitua. Politics. re 392 A. AManor: Tp cocéga o6cyxgator Bbi6opbI MécTHOro m3pa. Three Neighbors Discuss the Election of the Local Mayor. | 392 B. Tpammatuxa u cnoBoynotpe6néune: 1. Ecnu 6b! (The “Unreal” Conditional) 2. Myctb (The Indirect Imperative) 3. Neither ... Nor... (HH... HM...) 4. “To Talk”. . 393 C. Cnopdpb . 396 Pycckaa KyAbTYpa . - 397 YnpawHénna | 398 YPOK 37: B napukmaxepcron, At the Hairdresser’s. . -. 400 A. Alvanor: B admckom canoue. At a Beauty Salon. 400 B. FpammMatuka 4 cnopoynotpe6nénne: 1. Adverbial Prepositions - 2. “Before” and Other Temporal Conjunctions 3. Prepositions with Time (Summary) 4. Conjugation of -bitb Verbs — 402 C. Cnopapb eo pom — 406 PYccKaa KYbTYpa | . . 408 YnpaxkHéHun | 408 YPOK 38: Cnopr. Sports. | AIG A. Aluanor: Ha cragnoue, K KOHL: BTOpOro Tdima dbyT6dnbHoro. matya, At the Stadium, Towards the‘ End of the Second Half of a Soccer Game. 410 B. fpammatuka “4 cnopoynotpe6néuue: 1. Can: MO4b/CMO4b Contents - . XVversus YMeTb/CyMéTb 2. Particles 3. Expressing “However, Whatever,” etc. 4. Exclamations 411 C. Cnopapb ce, 4714 PYCCKaA KyAbTypa | | 416 VnpamHénna Ee Bo ATG YPOK 39: 3HaKOmcTBO ¢ Fépofom. Exploring the City... 418 _ A. Auanér: B népxe y ndmatuuna. In a Park; by aMonument. © 418 B. fpammatuka uv cnopoynotpednéHue: 1. “To Remember” — 2. Moka He (Until) 3. The Passive Voice with 6bITb (Short- form Past Passive Participles) 4. Aénro versus faBHo 5. The Genitive Case with Prepositions of Time _. | 419 C. Cnopapb - 424 _Pycckaa KynbTypa | 426 YnpamHéHua | 427 YPOK qo: Jiutepatypa. Literature. — 428 A, Nlod3ua: Poetry, , 428 B. fpammatuKa uv cnopoynotpeénéHue: 1. Spoken Versus — Written Russian 2. Gerunds (Verbal Adverbs) 3. Active Participles (Verbal Adjectives) 4. Long-Form Passive Participies or Verbal Adjectives ; | 429 C. CnoBdpb . | . 434 Pycckan KynbTypa 435 ‘YnrpaxkHénua oe 436 Bocbmda nposépka (Eighth Review) . | 438 TekcT ana uTéHua (Reading): Exatepvina Bropaa | i: 440 KMIOY K YMPAMKHEHMAM (Answer Key) 442 MPUAOMEHWA (Appendixes) oo 455 A. Grammar Summary . 455 B. Verb Charts 464 C, Letter Writing 466 CJIOBAPb (Glossary) Py¥ccko-aHraviicKyn (Russian-English) 473 Aurno-pycckui (English-Russian) | 490 Index we as - : a 509 xvi | oe ContentsINTRODUCTION Living Language® Ultimate Russian is a practical and enjoyable way to learn Rus- sian. The complete course consists of this text and. eight hours of recordings. You can, however, use the text on its own if you already know how to pronounce Russian. With Ultimate Russian, you will speak Russian. from the start. Each lesson be- gins with a dialogue about a common situation that you are likely to. experience at home or abroad. You'll learn the most common and useful expressions for every- day conversation. Key grammatical structures introduced i in the. dialogue 2 are clearly explained ina separate section. The lessons build on one another. The material you've already studied is “recycled,” or used again, in later lessons, as you learn new words, phrases, and grammatical forms. This method helps you increase your language skills gradually while reinforcing and perfecting the material learned previously. In addition, notes on relevant cultural topics will add to your understanding of Rus- sian and Russian-speaking people. . COURSE MATERIALS The Manual Living Language® Ultimate Russian consists of forty lessons, eight review sec- tions and four reading sections. The review sections appear after every five lessons, and the reading sections after every ten. Read and study each lesson (yp6K) before listening to the recordings. Or, try listening to the recorded dialogue first to see how much you understand with- out the help of reading the text or looking at the translations. This is an. excel- lent way to test and practice comprehension. Auandér (Dialogue): Each lesson begins with a dialogue presenting a realistic situation in a Russian locale. The dialogue is followed by a translation in collo- quial English. Note that while there are many regional dialects and accents, we will be using standard Russian grammar and vocabulary throughout the course. MpousHowéuue (Pronunciation): In lessons 1-10, you will learn the correct pronunciation of vowels, consonants, and consonant combinations, as well as intonation patterns. Tne Pronunciation chart in the beginning will get you started.Tpammdtuka vu chosoynotpeénénue (Grammar and Usage): This section ex- plains the major grammatical points covered in the lesson, The heading of each topic corresponds to its listing in the Table of Contents. Cnopdps Vocabulary): In this section you can review the words and expres- sions fram the dialogue and learn additional vocabulary. As the vocabulary is arranged in alphabetical order according to the Russian alphabet, you will find it very helpful to memorize the order of the Russian letters as shown in the Al- phabet and Sounds Chart on page 5, Py¥cckaa KynbTy¥pa Russian Culture): These nates put the language and topic of each dialogue in their cultural context. Cultural awareness will enrich your un- derstanding of ‘Russian and your abillty to communicate effectively, YnpamHénua (Exercises): These éxercises test your mastery of each lesson’s essential grammatical structures and vocabulary. You can check your answers in the Kou K ynpaaKHeHnam (Answer Key) section in the back of the book. flpopépka (Review): Review sections appear after every five lessons. Similar to the exercises in format, they integrate materiat from ail the lessons you have studied up to that point, with particular emphasis on the five lessons just com~- pleted. TekcT ans yréuma (Reading): The four reading passages are not translated in order to give you an opportunity to practice your comprehension. However, the material covered in the previous lessons, along with the vocabulary notes that accompany each reading, will enable you to infer the meaning, just as you would when reading a newspaper abroad. Tpunoxénus (Appendixes): There are three appendixes: a Grammar Sum- mary; Vero.Charts; and a section on Letter Writing. Cnosdps (Glossary): Be sure to make use of the two-way glossary in the back of the manual, where you can check the meaning and connotation of new words. As a general rule, however, try not to translate word for word from English to Russian or vice versa—especially with idioms. oe index: The manual ends with an tndex of the grammar points discussed i in the course. The Appendix, Glossary, and index make this manual an excellent resource for future reference and study. RECORDINGS (SETS A & B) This course provides you with eight hours of audio practice, divided into two sets. The first set is designed for use with the text, while the second set is de- signed for review and practice without the manual. By listening to and imitating 2 ok me Introductionthe native speakers on the recordings, you'll improve your pronunciation and ¢ com- prehension while learning | new phrases and structures. RECORDINGS FOR USE WITH THE MANUAL (SET A) This set of recordings gives you four hours of audio practice, all in Rus- sian, with translations in the manual. | All the dialogues, pronunciation sections, and vocabulary sections are featured on these recordings. The words and expressions that are recorded appear in bold- ~ faced italic type in your manual. First, you will hear native Russian speakers read the complete dialogue at nor- mal conversational speed without interruption; then you'll have a chance to lis- ten a second time and repeat each phrase in the pauses provided. Next, listen carefully to learn the sounds from the pronunciation sections. By repeating after the native speakers, you will gradually master the sounds. Finally, the vocabulary words from each lesson will also be modeled by the native speakers for you to repeat in the pauses provided. After studying each lesson and practicing with Set A, you can go on to the second set of recordings (Set B), which you can use on the go— while driving, exercising, or even while doing housework, RECORDINGS FOR USE ON THE GO (SET B) The On the Go recordings give you four hours of audio practice in Russian ~~. and English. Because they are bilingual, Set B recordings may be used without =. the manual, anywhere it’s convenient to learn. The forty lessons on Set B cor- ~. respond to those in the text. A bilingual instructor leads you through the four ~~ sections of each lesson: ~~ The first section presents the most important phrases from the original dia- os logue. You will first hear the abridged dialogue at normal conversational speed. ~ You'll then hear it again, phrase by phrase, with English translations and pauses for you to repeat after the native Russian speakers. ~. Inthe second section you'll explore the lesson’s most important grammatical os structures. After a quick review of the rules, you can practice with illustrative phrases and sentences. You'll also have a chance to review and practice im- portant words and phrases related to the topic at hand. » The exercises in the last section integrate what you've learned and help you _. generate sentences in Russian on your own, You'll take part in brief conversa- ~ Introduction : | 3tions, respond to questions, transform sentences, and occasionally transiate from English into Russian and vice versa. After you respond, you'll hear the correct answer from a native speaker. The interactive approach on this set of recordings will teach you to speak, un- derstand, and think in Russian. As the Russian saying goes, Xopowd Bepéska AAVMHaa, a pedb koporkan. (A good rope is long; a good speech—short.) So, let’s begin! — IntroductionTHE RUSSIAN ALPHABET AND SOUNDS SCRIPT SOUND SOUND IN EXAMPLE LETTER ENGLISH WORD Aa ah father a (a) Bd b boy 6a6yuiKa (BAbooshka) BE Vv voice BogaKa (VODka) Ia 9g go rpom (grom) Dy d day ga (dah) Ce yeh yet ecTb (yest’) Cé yo yoke énna (YOLka) Woo zh measure "eHad (ZheNAH) Su Zz zero 3agaua (zaDAcha) Va ee feel uv (ee) - this y yes, boy Ou! (Oy) TpamBau (tramVAl) Ke k kit _ Kawa (KAsha) - Aa | lamp namna (LAMpa) Hu m map mama (MAma) fy n now Hoc (nos) Oo oh bought OH (on) Tn _ —?p pan non (pol) P p rr (rolled) pot (rot) Cc Ss see cton (stol) mam: t top- tam (tam) 4 y oo boot ypok (ooROK) Pe f fun cbd6puna (FAbrika) La kh Bach x666u (KHOBbee) Uy ts cats ueHTp (tsentr) Y ch chair yau (chai) UL sh she wiK6na (SHKOla) Ui shch fresh cheese win (shchee) AA, hard sign oTbé3q (ot”EZD) lod ae iy (no equivalent) Thi (ty) Bbi (vy) bs: soft sign Matb (maf?) nanbT6 (pal’TO) Do eh pet 310 (Eto) oa yoo unite 106ka (YOOBka) nio6atd é , (lyooBLYOO) - fla La yah yacht a (yah) Note: As you learn Russian, and especially as you go through the first chapter, it is essen- - tial that you pronounce everything out loud. This is the only way to learn the alphabet and be able to understand what you read: by hearing the correspondences between English and Russian and thus connecting the letters with the correct sounds. The Russian Alphabet.and Sounds . 5INTONATION PATTERNS WK 1-5 © UK 1 Is for simple statements. it starts at mid-level then drops down on the stressed syllable of the ‘stressed word, 3To mogem. Ouvenb npnamuo. UK 2 is for greetings and questions with question words. The stress is on the beginning of the sen- tence or greeting and fails from there. “me Sto? 30pdacmayfite! UK 3 is for yes/no questions and requests. It starts at mid-level, rises in the middle, then returns to mid-level or falls. Ou ddma? - Vizsunrcre, nowanyiicta. With questions with ecb or Bbt He 3HdeTe ... ?, the rise in pitch is sharper and goes up much higher. Answers with ecTb also drop lower than usual. Tol He 3HGeulb, rae nora? Y Bac ecb b aBrocepanc? fla, ecmb. ViK 4 is for tag questions with A, It starts at mid-tone, and gradually rises on the last syllable if it is accented, or it dips slightly on the accented syllabie then rises. Away Ha nouty. A moi? Xopowsd. A y Te64? A 3Hdto. A Cdwa? VK 5 Is for exclamations with Kak or KaKGM. It begins on a rising note, and continues high until it drops down on the fast accented syiiable. Kakda Maudua! Kak xopowd! 6 The Russian Alphabet and SoundsYPOK 1 3HAKOMCTBO. Getting acquainted. A. AMAOT (Dialogue) ~ Ha BbICTaBKe AMePUKAHCKOM KOMMbIOTEpHON TEXHUKM. AHA: Ineonopa! 3gpdecteylite! - _/IEOHOPA: Aé6poe ytpo, Ana! Kak edu gend? . - AHA: Xopowd, cnaci6o. A kak bi? | o IE OHOPA: Tonce xopowd. Mount? AWA: Aa. - Ycténma Ha BbicTaBKe. "ETA: Bor. AHA: Yr0 5r0? . : NETA: Bpourépa. AHA: Métal! lpueér! 1o Thi 34ech Aénaeub? META: PaGérato. A TeI? D | AHA: A nuy daxc-méfem. L _3AIEQHOPA: O, sor xopounih HOT6yK komnotoTep! - AHA: 3To MBM? _-[IETA: Her, 3To ne UBM, 3To MaxnuTou. > AHA: Méta, 3To Jneonopa ApKcoHcoH. JneoHopa— ae nporpamMiicr u3 YnKkGro. L TIETA: Tak mei konnerul! | __- JIEOHOPA: fla. - AIETA: Oven npwatuo. Pomanoes, [étp Meduoeny. - 3MEOHOPA: Ouenb npuatuo. First Lesson - “7AHA: Hy, Ham nopd “ArH. ~ (IETA: Hy ndgquo, Aus, noxd! fo cangauna, Ineoxopa! 3/IEQHOPA: flo cavgauua! At an American computer show. ANYA: Eleanor! Hello! ELEANOR: Good morning, Anya! How are you? ANYA: Fine, thank you. And you? ELEANOR: Fine, also. Shall we go? ANYA: Yes. At a booth at the exhibit. PETYA: Here you go. ANYA: What's this? PETYA: A brochure. ANYA: Petya! Hi! What are you doing here? PETYA: Working. And you? ANYA: I’m looking for a modem. ELEANOR: Oh, here’s a good laptop! ANYA: Is it an IBM? PETYA: No, it’s not an IBM; it’s a Macintosh. ANYA: Petya, this is Eleanor Johnson. Eleanor’s a programmer from Chicago. PETYA: So, we're colleagues! ELEANOR: Yes. | PETYA: Nice to meet you. I’m Pyotr lvanovich Romanov. ELEANOR: Nice to meet you. ANYA: Well, we must be going. 8 ppt ypoxL PETYA: OK, Anya. See you! Goodbye, Eleanor! ". ELEANOR: Goodbye! . B. MPOUSHOWEHWE (Pronunciation) In Russian, every letter is generally pronounced, except for the soft sign b (and the hard sign b, which occurs infrequently). Russian vowels frequently mu- *. tate, appear, or disappear, while the consonants change less often. This is help- ful to keep in mind as you try to read the following words which are probably familiar to you. _ fop6auée ' EnbyyH a HeT _ Ao cauAcuua 6opuy | Boplic _Hardéwa 1. THE CONSONANTS 6, 3, K, m, AND T Cognates are words that sound alike and have similar meanings in two differ- ent languages: They are a good way of becoming familiar with the sounds of a new language. All of the cognates in this section begin with the consonants 6,3, K, M, and T, which are easy letters to learn as they look and sound like the corresponding English letters: b, z, k, m, and t. 6Wi3Hec.. . © ~~ KomNGKT-Avick MapkeTHHT rakch . MeTpO. T6HHMC 6ank. 30Ha Cognates are also helpful when becoming familiar with the Cyrillic alphabet. Sounding out cognates is a very good way to associate Russian sounds with letters. BdacTou Kanugoprna Kites Tatim Mocxea ToncTou Muxatin Bappiwnnkos 2. YAJAPEHME (STRESS) In Russian there is usually only one stressed syllable per word. Since there are no simpie rules governing stress, the best way to learn this important part of the language is to let your ear do it for you. To make it easier, throughout this manual, stress will be indicated with an accent mark (° ) over the vowel that is the core of the stressed syllable. Words of only one syllable will not be marked, as that syllable is always stressed. Also, note that the letter é is sim- . First. Lesson - . oo 9ply an accented e. Finally, words beginning with stressed, capitalized vowels will not be marked, so stress the first syllable of any unmarked, two-syllable capitalized words, e.g, AHA. Komnororep TaKcH - KOX .. TeTA 3. UHTOHALMA (INTONATION) Ala. 10 Russian intonation is quite different fram that of American English. Russians often comment that Americans speak in monotone voices without emotion, while Americans perceive regular Russian speech as complaining or argumen- tative, One reason for this difference is the greater vigor used when speaking Russian. oe In order to learn to speak Russian fluently, Americans must open their mouths much wider than they are used to, and exaggerate the highs and lows of their pitch. It is often helpful, when first learning Russian, to speak with an exag- gerated Russian accent. Though this may feel very overdone, it is often just the right amount of added expression. These fluctuations in pitch are known as intonation. Just as each word has a stress pattern, each sentence has an intonation pattern. It is very important to use the appropriate intonation patterns to avoid misunderstandings and en- sure that you have not asked a question when you meant to make a state- ment, or vice versa. There are five intonation patterns in Russian, commonly referred to as VIK (Fe Kah) 1~5. UK stands for MHTOHayMGHHaa KoncTpyKuma, meaning “Into- nation Structure.” We will describe two of them here. UK 1 is used for simple statements. The intonation starts at mid- level and drops at the stressed sylla- bie of the main word, Her. Bor akc. ‘370 npHyrep. VK 2 is used with greetings and question words (who, what, where, when, why, and how). The stress is on the beginning of the sentence—the question word or greeting—and drops from there. . | néppuiii ypoK_ 3apdéecreyute! Aé6ppiii Aeup! YTo 5T0? ¢. TPAMMATHUKA MM CAOBOYNMOTPEBJIEHHE (Grammar and Usage) 1, THE ABSENCE OF “TO BE” IN THE PRESENT TENSE > The present tense forms of the verb “to be” are not used in Russian. Instead, they are understood from context. In sentences that equate a subject and its description, the understood verb is usually indicated in writing with a dash. _ SavHop—nporpammiicr. .~ Eleanor’s a programmer. (Lit. Eleanor a programmer) : ‘Komnbistep—VNBM? - |s the computer an IBM? (Lit. The computer an IBM?) With words such as 3to (this/that/it is) or BoT (here is/there is), or if the sub- ject is a pronoun, the dash is omitted. 370 KomnbisTep. » That's a computer. Here's lvan. - Bol Typlict? Are you a tourist? 2. ARTICLES _ Unlike in English, there are no articles (a, an, the) in Russian. They are implied from context and must be added in accordingly when translating from Russian to English. - First Lesson . : 1Bot mogem. Here’s [a] modem. 3To UnTepHeér. This is [the] Internet. — Bot npvutep. Here is [a/the] printer. 3. PERSONAL PRONOUNS The personal pronouns in Russian are: SINGULAR PLURAL . | we you (familiar) you (plural, polite singular) he . | she they Note that a (I) is not capitalized unless it begins asentence. The pronouns OH (he) and oa (she) mean “it” when they refer to a thing. Oud nporpamMict. She is a programmer. Tye cbakc-mogem? —Bot oH. Where’s the modem? —There it is. OHM 3g eCb. They are here. Mol “3 Unkdro. We're from Chicago. Note that there are two forms of the pronoun “you” in Russian. Tb! (informal “you”) is used to address close ‘friends, family members, long-time acquain- tances, children, and pets. BbI formal “you”) is used to address adults you are meeting for the first time or don’t know well and to show respect to an older 12 . Népepiv ypoKperson, a colleague, or a superior. When in doubt, it is better to use BbI and err on the side of formality. A safe rule of thumb is never to use TbI with adults unless someone addresses you that way first. With children and pets, however, always use TbI. In the dialogue néta and AHA use Tbi with each other because they are long-time acquaintances. S _ UT Thi 3feCb Mtelb? | What are you (informal) looking for here? - ATbi? And you (informal)? However, [léta addresses Eleanor with Bb! because he’s just been introduced _ to her, and Ava uses BbI with Eleanor because she does not know her well. - AKak Bbl? And how are you? In addition, Bbi is the plural “you” and is always used when addressing two or more people, regardless of their status, age, or relationship to you. . = Uro BbI viyeTe? —MbI vitjem mdgem. ~. What are you (plural) looking for? —We're looking for a modem. 4, SIMPLE NEGATION The Russian equivalent of “not” is He. It immediately precedes the part of the sentence it is negating. 370 Kata. | - 3To xe Kata. This is Katya. CO This is not Katya. - Makcim—6n3Hecméu. ~ Makciim ne 6u3Hecmén. Maksim is a businessman. Maksim is not a businessman. Ounv 13 Yukaro. Oud He w3 Unkdro. They are from Chicago. _ They are not from Chicago.5. ASKING AND ANSWERING QUESTIONS English yes/no questions and Russian Aa/HeT questions are similar. Answers with ga often omit the subject and consist only of the word that was ques- tioned, while answers with Het generally repeat the subject. 3Jneonopa—typlict? —fJa, typvict./ Het, ona Nporpammicr. ls Eleanor a tourist? —Yes, she is./ No, she’s a programmer. . 310 Kata? —fja, Kata./ Het, Sto Ana. ls this Katya? —Yes, it is./ No, it’s Anya. 31o npvintep? —Ja, npvntep./ Het, Sto cKSHHep. Is this a printer? —Yes, it is./ No, it’s a scanner. ° Two useful question words in Russian are KTO (who), and 4To (what). You can respond to both using 3to (this/that is). Use the AK 2 intonation pattern when asking questions beginning with KTO or 4TO. Kto 310? —3To SneoHopa APHOHCOH. Who is this? —This is Eleanor Johnson. Uto 3T0? —3To 6powtdpa. What is this? —It’s a brochure. KTo 3t0? —3TO A. Who is it? —lt’s me. D. CHOBAPb (Vocabulary) a and; but amepHkaHcKnkh . American (adjective) 6pouirdpa brochure 8 in; at; to BoT... Here is/are... Aa yes Ao cenadnua! Goodbye! A66poe yrpo. Good morning. Ad6portt Aenb. Good afternoon. 3feCb here 3qpaecreyHite! Helio! (polite) H3 from 14 - flépsoi ypoxmuy; Hhugewss | am looking for; you (familiar) are looking for Kak eau fend? — How are you (polite)? - Konnéra - colleague _ Komnotorep computer - KTO who AGAHO OK, Ham nopé “ari. it's time for us to go.; We must be os going. he: vot HET . no | Hy, «» Well, . O4veHb very Ouedb npuatuo. noncanyvicta _ Nice to meet you, . please; you're welcome See you! (informal) lipueér! Hi nplinrep printer nporpammiicT programmer cnach6o thank you Tak | SO Téxunka technology TOnKCce also dbakc-mégem modem xopoud good; well 4To. ~ what 3To this; that; it is PYCCKAA KY/bTYPA Russian Culture) ~~ Learning the “unspoken language” of a culture is often as important as learn- o ing to speak, as many a politician or diplomat has discovered to his or her dis- may. Cultural faux-pas can be very amusing, but they can be downright C ‘insulting, as well. -_ Russians and Americans differ significantly in the amount of personal space -required for comfort. Americans require more personal space. Russians are used to living in very close quarters and traveling on overcrowded public trans- portation, As a people, Russians tend to be warm, emotional, and passionate. Therefore, when talking with someone, even a business associate, Russians ‘tend to stand very close. If their American friend or colleague steps back to re: establish his or her comfort level, the Russian will often step closer again. The rst Lesson: co 15Russian may thus get the impression that the American is unfriendly or doesn't. feel comfortable. Russians also tend to be more physical. Russian women fre- quently walk arm in arm, and Russian men often put their arms over each other’s shoulders. Friends and family members of both sexes often kiss each other in the European way, a few times back and forth on either cheek, and usually with great enthusiasm. YAPAHKHE HUA (Exercises) | A. fMepesegvite cnosa Ha anraviickui. MpousHecite c pyccKMM aKueHTOM. (Translate the words into English. Pronounce them out loud using a Russian accent.) 1. Kapats 6. 6oKcép 2. 3ur3ar 7. BaHKiip 3.KkoonepaTuB _ . . 8 TéKKe 4, TaWwKéHT oe _ 9. Mapvina 5 . Maccayycetc 10, Kandga B. Mepepegvite 31H npeqnoméHua Ha aMrnvicKun, (Translate these sentences into English.) 1.3TO AHA. 2, Bot dakc-mogem. 3. fpkum—typuicr. 4, Mbt 13 Cah-®panuyicko. 5, 3To MakuntTow? C. Kak o6pariiteca K STUM WIOGAM: Ha Tbl MK Ha Boi? (How would you address these people: with Tbt or with sbi?) . your Russian teacher L 7. someone (your age) on the 1 2. a-five year old girl street 3,-asales clerk | _ 8, your new next-door neighbor 4. your good friend . { 9. a fifteen year old boy .. - 5. your friend's grandmother _-7. 4. your dog | 6. your grandmother 16 Népspis yponD. Nog6epite ytBepgAvtenbHbie. npeanowKéHuaA K OTpPuudTeNbHbIM npeanowéuusam. (Match the sentences with their opposites) OBPA3EL:: = —s- 1. Od “3 Unkdro g. Oud He u3 Unido oS 2. Ito CaH-Mpanuyvicno? —sh. Het, 3To Hbio-idpx. . STO npwHTep. . a. OH He 3f/eCb. 2. Atyptict. b. Het, 5To on. 3. Ou agech. c, Aue typucr. 4... 370 Kata. d. Het, on 6u3Hecmén. . OH TYpHicT. e. 310 He Kata. . 370 ond? f, Het, 3to cKSHHep. | g. Od He 43 UnKaro. _ h. Het, Sto Hpio-Mopk. " Tloctapsre Bonpécbi NO-pYCcKH K nPeanOneHAm. (Ask the appropriate ~ questions in Russian.) SPA3EL 1. 3To mM6gem.—A 4TO $10? . 2. 3To typuict.—A KTO 310? _1.. 310 Kata. . 2. 370 ond. - 3. 310 npAHTep. 4, 310 nporpammiict u3 YuKaro. 5. 310 axe.YPOK 2 B ASPOMNOPTY. At the airport. A. AWVASJOT (Dialogue) Ha TamMouHe. TAMODKEHHHK: Baw nacnopr. BUKH: Bor, nomcanyticra. TAMOJKEHHHK: Bol amepuKauKa? BUKU: Ala. | TAMO2KEHHUK: Fe eb acneére 8 CHI? BUKH: B Mocksé, y monx Apy3en. TAMO}KEHHUK: Monatuo. Yo y aac 8 vemogdne? BUKH: HKypuanpl, kHlirn, oféncga. Ewé y mexA dotoannapar ut HOT6yK KomnbioTep. TAMOJKEHHHKH: Xopowd. 3To scé. Mpoxogvite, noucanyticra. Mdwa sctpeudet Buku. MALIA: C npveé3fom, Buku! BHKH: 34pascteyh, Mawa! MAWIA: Hy, kak Tol? BUKH: Xopouwd, A Tet? MALUA: Téoce HHvers. BHKH: Arae Buta? MALIA: On.Hac »eger Ama. Hy, noéxanu! BHKH: Moéxann! 1. In English: the CIS, or the Commonwealth of Independent States, i.e., the former Soviet Union. 18 | Bropoii ypowCUSTOMS OFFICIAL: Your passport. _VICKI: Here it is. ~ CUSTOMS OFFICIAL: You're an American? : CUSTOMS OFFICIAL: Where are you staying in the CIS? VICK In Moscow, with friends. _ CUSTOMS OFFICIAL: | see. What's in the suitcase? VICKI: Magazines, books, clothes. And | have a camera and a lap-top computer. CUSTOMS OFFICIAL: O.K. That’s all. Go ahead, please. Masha greets Vicki. MASHA: Welcome, Vickil VICKI: Hi, Masha! MASHA: So, how are you? VICKI: Fine. And you? MASHA: Aliso O.K. VICKI: And where's Vitya? MASHA: He's waiting for us at home. So, let's go! VICK: Let's go! | . B. NPOM3HOLWEHME (Pronunciation) 1. THE STRESSED VOWELS o, a, AND bi - “The Russian vowel sounds that cause English speakers the most difficulty are - the accented vowels 0 and a (which look the same as “o” and “a” in English, econd Lesson cS 19.but are pronounced very differently) and the accented vowel bi, which has no equivalent in English.* Stressed a is always pronounced like “a” in “father.” The closest equivalent in English to stressed 0 is “o” in coffee" ‘when spoken with a strong New York accent. 80T O4eHb Aa Ana Thi Mbi 2. THE UNSTRESSED VOWELS 0, a, a, AND e As in English, unstressed vowels in Russian tend to be lessened in length and emphasis (e.g., compare the letters “o” and “a” in “photograph” and “photography”). This is called vowel reduction. In Russian, unstressed a and 0 are both pronounced “uh." However, if unstressed 0 appears just before the stressed syllable, it is pronounced “ah.” Unstressed a and e are pronounced “i,” as in the word “hit,” unless they appear in the fast syllable, in which case they are pronounced as if stressed. 8 Mocxsé Ha TaMOn7KcHe _ xopowd Mawa CMOTPAT Brita 3. THE VOWELS u, y, to, AND 3 The vowels u (ee), ¥ (00), 10 (yoo) and 3 @h) are pronounced the same whether stressed or unstressed. 3/WAK Hy/ypoK ror/6ropo 310/3TAHC C. FPAMMATHUKA HK CAHOBOYNOTPEBJIEHUE (Grammar and Usage) 1. FORMAL VERSUS INFORMAL SPEECH Once you’ve determined whether you should address someone as Bbl or Tbl, _ you must use the appropriate formal or informal forms for greeting, parting, or | asking questions. 2. Try a sound halfway between oo and ee, but pronounced back in the throat. 20 | | os - - | Bropon ypoKPLURAL OR FORMAL INFORMAL (WITH BbI) (WITH tpt) Hello! Hi! 3apascrTByiite! 3apaectayn! Npueét! What is your name? Kak Bac 30BYT? Kak Te68 30BYT? How are you? Kak Bbi nowMBaeTe? Kak Tol? How are things? ~ Kan pdm gend? Kak gend? Where do you live? Fre Bbl KuBEeTEe? Te Tol KYUBEUIb? Do you have... ? Y Bac e€CTb ... ? ' ¥ te6s ectb... ? Nice to meet you. ' OueHb npudtHo . O4eHb ApHATHO. 4 (no3HaKOMNTbCAC BaMN). - Goodbye! See you! flo caugauna! Nona! Cuactnviso! - 2. THE “UMBRELLA” SPELLING RULE This three-part rule will be invaluable to you when learning the grammatical endings of Russian words. RULE 1. The vowels bl, 10, and ”A change to u, vs and a, respectively, after x, HK, F, X, 4, Li, Or Uh. UTS °° ~pyccKnit xafa -4ygo vuUy KHira Mawa to live Russian. --hut - miracle {I} lookfor book ~ Masha RULE a hand A change to y and a respectively after 4. oTua - | ne oTUY OTLUbi unpK . . father’s to the father fathers circus RULE 3. Unstressed o changes to e after , U4, LU, Or UL. cmMyKeM AUG c KNIOUGM Gonbuide .. niwywee . _ with the husband egg with a key big .. writing. This rule is especially useful to remember when forming noun plurals or adding endings of any kind. 3. THE GENDER OF NOUNS Every noun in Russian has grammatical gender, regardless of whether it refers to a person, animal, object, or abstract concept. Russian nouns can be feminine, masculine, or neuter. Feminine nouns usually end in -a or A. -Second-Lesson ee oe 21BbiCTaBKa Aeknapauua .—KHMiTa pyuika TaMOMHA exhibit declaration book ~ pen - customs Masculine nouns usuaily end in a consonani. This is commonly referred to as having a zero-ending. dbakc-mégem npvnTep 63HeCMéH TYpvict _ypoK fax-modem . printer businessman tourist lesson Some common words denoting a male person do not foliow the usual pattern, in that they have feminine endings yet are still considered masculine nouns. ~ MYHUHHa AAgA AéaAyiuna Muiwa? man uncle grandfather Misha Nouns ending in -b can be either masculine or feminine and must be learned on a case-by-case basis. Nouns ending in a husher sound (Qk, wi, Ww, y) and -b can be only feminine. Masculine: A@Hb noptpénb — Feminine: BeLUb TeTpdAb day briefcase thing. notebook Neuter nouns usually end in -0 or -e, However, most foreign nouns are con- . sidered neuter, so this group also inctudes some cognates that end in -# or an- other vowel. yTpo paguo ynpamHeHne TaKch npou3zsHoweuue- morning. radio exercise taxi pronunciation. Note that some grammatically masculine nouns can refer to people of either gender, especially with traditionally male professions. AOKTOp npodéccop nporpamMMuct CTpoviTenb yuéubil doctor professor programmer construction — _—_ scientist worker . In some cases, there is a gender-specific form of a noun for a profession or na- tionality. The masculine forms of such nouns often end in -etf, -eH, or -H. The feminine equivalent is formed by adding -Huua, -Ka, -Winta, or -ila to the mas- culine form as a suffix. While the feminine forms CTYJeHTKa and TYpMcTKa exist, _CTYAéHT and Typiict are also used often to refer to women. 3. And most other male diminutives. 22 . | | Bropoi ypoxnpogaBéu/npogasuya 6u3sHecméH/6u3HecméHkKa yulitenb/yulitenbHulia salesperson - businessman/businesswoman teacher axtép/axrpiica amepukaHeu/amepundnKa aHrnvyaHun /anranyaHKa - actor/actress American , Englishman/Englishwoman _ Inthe vocabulary, noun gender will only be marked when it is not obvious from the ending. 4, NOUN PLURALS To form the plural of nouns, simply drop the final vowel, -b, or -i1 (f there is one) from the singular form and add the appropriate plural ending. The regu- lar plural ending for masculine and feminine nouns is -bI, and for neuter nouns it’s -a. Note-that neuter nouns frequently shift stress in the plural. SINGULAR PLURAL FEMININE MASCULINE NEUTER ~ Remember to apply Spelling Rule #1 with the plural ending -bi: ‘after -F, “K, -K, -X, -4, -LU, or -Ly, the plural ending will be -1. SINGULAR PLURAL car | - MaLlivina |) > MaLuvHb! Cars - book KHMra: KHAPM books aunt TéTA TéTU aunts night HOUb HOUN nights : magazine | %KYpHan *KYPHANbI magazines ‘lesson | ypoK ~-yponu lessons: museum my3én my3én museums driver | BogviTenb - > pomtenu | drivers” letter lMCbM6 nvicbMa letters. The best way to learn which plural endings go with which nouns is to let your ear learn them for you by practicing with the tapes. ee ‘Second Lesson 235. “TO HAVE” The concept of possession, or having something, is expressed quite differently in Russian. In order to say, “I have,” Russian uses the structure y + MeHsA + ectb, which translates literally as “by me there is...” PLURAL SINGULAR we have you (plural or polite singular) have they have - | have you (familiar) have he/it has she/it has y M@HA @CTb y Te6A ecTb y Hero ecb y Heé ecTb y Hac @CTb y Bac eCTb y HX eCTb Y¥ Te6 ecTb cboToannapdt? —Jla, y MeHs ecTb cboroannapar. Do you have a camera? —Yes, | have a camera. Y Bac ecTb Gara? —fla, ect. Do you have luggage? —Yes, | do. “Do you have... ?” is ¥ + Bac/Te6a + ectb ... ? Ectb is only used when the existence of something is being emphasized, not when a quality or location is in question. Y Bac ecTb . . . ? can also be transiated as “Is there a... ?", as ‘in Y Bac ecTb Tyaner? (Is there a restroom’). D. CNHOBAPb (Vocabulary) amepHikaHey American (male) amepuikdHka American (female) a3ponopT airport 6ardnc baggage, luggage e430 visa meneeTe; CHBEW you (plural/formal) live; you (fam.) live BolneToi Departures (air) Tae... ? Where (is)... ? Aexnapayna declaration Aéma at home YPHGA | - "magazine 3apdecreyl! HI 7 | Kak sac 306yT? ~ What is your name? (formal/plural) Kak Te6A 30697? _... What is your name? (familiar) Kak ao! nomwnedete? ~ How are you? (formal/plural) Kak qenda? How are things? (familiar) KuHa book 24 Bropoi ypox_MéecTo » Hwvero. Tipuneér (sg.) | -. [poxogute. _Perucrpdyua CaMOneT CH -. Cnpné3gom! ‘Cnpdexn -TAMOCHA - TaMO2CeHHHK Tenéncka Y eac ecto... ? -Y re6A ect... ? seat; place O.K./Fine. (response to Kak gena?); nothing _HOMep pélica flight number _HOCMIbULNK porter OfGK Aa: clothing nacnopr passport floéxanu! Let’s go! (only when driving) - Hlouatuo.. | see.; Understood. | Arrivals (air) Go ahead.; Pass along. Check-in airplane CLS. (Commonwealth of Independent States) Welcome! (for people arriving from afar) Information customs customs official baggage cart Do you have... ? (formal/plural) Do you have... ? (familiar) Y mena ecto... lhave.., _ g@oroannapar camera 4eMOAGH suitcase J3To scé. That's all, PYCCKAA KYABTYPA (Russian Culture) The most common way to travel to Russia is by air to Moscow’s Sheremyetevo International Airport (UepemétbeBo-2), or St. Petersburg’s Pulkovo Interna- tional Airport (Nyakopo-2). LWepemétpeso-2 is now a fairly typical interna- tional airport, though customs officials are known to be somewhat abrupt, and poriers, luggage carts, and information tend to be a little harder to find than in some other countries that have had service economies for a longer time. Upon entering Russia, you will need to fill out an immigration card and pass through immigration and customs. The only things that might cause a prob- lem are Russian currency in a noticeable amount, or any item in amounts clearly in excess of what one person could need. You will probably have to fill out a declaration of all expensive iterms and any hard currency you are bringing in, which you need to turn in when you leave the country. Although it is no longer ~ Second Lesson a . o 25mandatory to keep records of every single transaction made in Russia, it is a good idea to bring receipts for any expensive items you're bringing in with you, and to keep the receipts of any expensive items you purchase while in Russia, in order to avoid paying excessive duties. She Due to the vastness of the country and the often poor or non- -existent roads in many areas, air travel is still the most common means of transportation within Russia. Aaspodndr (Aeroflot), the national airline, handles domestic‘air travel with regular. flights all over the former Soviet Union. When planning travel within the former Soviet Union, it is a good idea to allow an entire day to get to your destination even if thé flight is not that long. There are frequent delays, and getting on and off the flight often takes longer than you might expect. In gen- eral, when traveling in Russia, be sure to bring a good supply of patience with you! As the Russian saying goes, Tie égetb, fanbume 6yneulb. (Tt he more quietly you go, the farther you'll get.) . | A. flog6epvite sonpocel nn npuBérctBua K Cnéayioumm cuTydunam. (Match the questions or greetings with the situations.) YMPAMKHEHMA (Exercises) 1. Ask your boss how things are. a. [ae Tbl KUBELUb? 2. Ask your friend, Nets, where he lives. b. 3apapcteyite! - 3. Say hello to your friend’s grandmother. c. Kak gena? 4, Ask your teacher how she is. d, Kat Bbi nomnpdete? 5. Ask a little girl her name. e. fipusér! 6, Say hi to your friend. f, Kak pawn aend? g. Kak Te6x 30BYT? h. fo caugdyua! B. Hanuwvite pog KaM{Oro CNOBa: MY KCKOFO, }EHCKOFO MM cpéavero. ‘(Write the gender for each word: masculine, feminine, or neuter) 1. Bia <6, TamOKHA | 2. 6arax 7. qeknapduna _ 3. YTpo 8. a3ponopT . 4, camonét 9. onéuga 5. MécTo 10. 4YemogaH 26 -Bropoi ypox—C. Nlog6epvite mHomecTBeHHoe 4ncnd. N6mMHuTe npaBuna Optorpaduu u | OTHUMAliTe OKOHYAHMA AO TOTO, Kak A06dBuTb HOBbIe OKOHYAHUA. (Give the plurals. Remember the spelling rules, and remove endings before adding new ones.) _ 1. Baa 6. asian 2. KOMNbIOTep 7, CTpOMTenb 3. HOCHNbUIMK 8, ynpanHéHne 4, akTpuca 9. KomndHua -5, mMécTO as 10 . Hpogsaswywiya _D. Nog6eprite cnosd no-pyccku, nogxogsuje no 3Ha4eHMIO K AHFAMCKUM. . (Match the Russian words with the English meanings) | have a visa. Do you have a seat? Yes, | have a suitcase. - Do you have a passport? Yes, | do./Yes, there is. Do you have a customs declaration? Y Te6s ecTb NdcnopT? . fa, eCTb. . Y MeHA eCTb BU3a. , ¥ Bac ecTb MecTO? ~ fla, y Mea ECTb YeEMOAAaH. “op uN = ne aog wo Second Lesson ~~ oo | : ve : 27YPOK 3) 8B FOCTMHMUE. At a hotel. A. AWVANOT (Dialogue) Myx v KeHA y CTOMKM perncrpduymn. @PIHK: 3apdscreyire! Y Mend 30K630H Hémep Ha vima Xdpen. PETMCTPATOP: A66ppiv sévep. OTKyAa ebI? | ADKEHH: Mot 13 CWA. PETUCTPATOP: Bot npwéxanu kak TypiicTei? . @POHK: Het, # pa66Tato—mbI 8 komaHAMpOske. A Haul Homep? PETHCTPATOP: a, Aa. Beemy ceoé @ epema. Tak ... KOTAG BbI yeancéere? ADKEHH: Yépe3 negénno. PETUCTPATOP: Xopowd. AdiiTe, nomdnylicra, nacnopTd “4 sB3o1. Bol 6 HOMepe 501. ADKEHH: Nosdnyiicta. A korgé 3deTpak? PETHCTPATOP: B cemb yacés. PIHK: Torad pas6yalite vac, nomdnyiicra, @ wecTs yacés. C sexy pHon no asTany. ADKEWH: Vseuntire. ByAeTe Ao6psi, kntoy oT HOmMepa 501? AEM YPHARA: Aa, nocdnylicta. @PIHK: Ay Bac ecTs npaveynaa? ALEK VPHAA: Konéuno! @P3IHK: Orahyno. Hy, cnach6o. AEKYPHAAR: Cnokofinon noun! 28 Tpétuit ypoxA husband and wife at a hotel reception desk. FRANK: Hello. | have a reservation under the name of Harvey. DESK CLERK: Good evening. Where are you from? JANE: We're from the U.S. DESK CLERK: Are you on vacation’? FRANK: No, I’m working-—-we’re on a business trip. And our room? ° ; DESK CLERK: Yes, yes. All in good time. So... when are you leaving? _ JANE: In a week, | : DESK CLERK:.O.K. Please give me. your passports and visas. You're in room No, 501, a JAN E: Here you go. And when is breakfast? - DESK CLERK: At seven o'clock. » FRANK: Then please wake us at six. With the woman on duty fon the fifth floor]. _JANE: Excuse me, The key for Room.No. 501, please. WOMAN ON DUTY: Yes, here you go. : : FRANK: And is there a laundry service? “WOMAN ON DUTY: Of coursel - FRANK: Great. Well, thank you. - WOMAN ON DUTY: Good night! -B. MPOWUSHOWEHWE (Pronunciation) — “1. INTONATION PATTERN UK 3 The WK 3 intonation pattern is used with yes/no questions. It starts at mid- level, rises on the stressed syllable of the word in question, then returns to mid- level or drops down, “ThirdLesson ae 29Bol 6 OTnycke? Are you on vacation? Bol aMepvkKaHeL? “Are you an American? When used for questions with ectb, the rise in pitch is much sharper, and goes up very high. The affirmative answer, as with other declarative sen- tences, is of course in UK 1, but it drops lower than regular WK 1 utterances, Y aac ecTe npdyesnaa? —Ja, ecto. is there a laundry service? —Yes, there is. Y Te6A ecTb MarHuTOwOH? —Ectb. Do you have a tape-recorder? —Yes, | do. VK 3 is also used with requests. Aldiire, noscanylicta, nacnopTd uv eBHi3bl. Give me your passports and visas, please. Paz6ynvite Meus, nomanylicta, B wecTb Yacés. . Wake me at six, please.’ 2. SOFT AND HARD VOWELS Russian vowels are either soft or hard. 30 . | Tpétui ypouah yah | eh _ yeh oh yo oo yoo ly ee _ All of the soft vawels, except for u, begin with a “y” sound. The hard vowels sound much like their soft counterparts without the initial “y” : sound, The pres- ence or lack of the “y” sound does not apply to_bi/U, ‘but they are still techni- cally considered a hard/soft pair. The following examples illustrate the hard/soft contrast. O/A Onera/Ona 3To/eré aTdnC/ecTb ‘@paux/HeT —- kapar3/mépe Onera/éaka ypox/mecuser - -ypok/ropicr = scemy/negéno — 8b |/BUiTa AO6poii/xuviru 3, THE CONSONANTS a, r,A, 4, AND ~ Although they may look quite different, the Russian letters a, r, A, H, “and ° sound very similar to the English letters d, g, |, n, and f, respectively, ‘Auanér - “ FOCTb ant o Hegéna Opaxnk The letter r is usually pronounced "g “gq” (as in Hgj sil ). However, when it appears at the end of a word between “o” and.“o” or between “e” and. “o”, it is usu- _ ally pronounced “v” (as in sisi instead. An important exception to this rule ~ iS MHOrO (many), in which the F is pronounced “g” even though it appears be- tween 0 and 0, e.g., MNOga. : ee HM4er6 =—§s cerrOqHA Third Lesson oh | - a 7 >|C. FPAMMATHKA i CHOBOYVITOTPEBAEHNE (Grammar and Usage) 1. INTRODUCTION TO VERB CONJUGATION Verb conjugation is the process of changing a verb to reflect its sub- ject and tense. In English there is little variation between the different forms of a single tense €.g. | eat, you eat, he/she eats, we eat, they eat). In con- trast, Russian verb conjugations are said to be “rich” because the forms change based on person and number, A pa6draw. I'm working. Mp3HK pabdTaer. Frank works. pak u Abkein pabdraior. Frank and Jane are working. Regular Russian verbs fall into ‘one of two groups, known as Conjugation | and Conjugation Hl. The endings within each group are the same for all regular verbs. Also, each verb has a stem which remains the same in all the forms. Always learn the stem of a new verb first, then add the correct endings. The stem for the verb above is pa66Ta+, and it is a regular Conjugation | verb. 2. THE PRESENT TENSE OF CONJUGATION I VERBS Conjugation | verbs usually end in’ -aTb or -”Tb in the infinitive ' form, To form the present tense, simply drop the infinitive ending, -Tb (or -TH or -4b), and replace it with the appropriate personal ending. The personal end- ings are -, -elllb and -eT for the singular forms, and -em, -eTe and -0T for the plural forms. For example, génatb >> néna+ to >> Aénato. Following is a sample Conjugation | verb: 1. The infinitive is the unconjugated form of a verb, e.g., to be. 32 Tpétna ypouAénatb: to do we do you (plural, or polite singular) do they. do Mbt Jé1aeM Bbl AénaeTe | do | a aénaio you (familiar) do | Tbl Aénaeuib he/she does | oH/oHa AénaeT OHM Aénatot stem: Aénat+ UTOo BbI 3f,eCb AénaeTe? —A pabdrato. What are you doing here? —l’m working. ~ Uto génaet Ana? —Hnyerd. What is Anya doing? —Nothing. UTO OHH AgNatoT BEYepOM? What do they do in the evening? The stress in a conjugated form is on the same syllable as in the infinitive for regular verbs. In AénaTb, for example, it remains on the first syllable in every form. Other. common Conjugation | verbs include: NOHUMaTb (to understand), 3HaTb (to know), 34BTpakaTb (to eat breakfast), and o6égaTb (to eat lunch). “ Mbl n634HO 34BTpakaem, U4 MbI He O6éAaem. We eat breakfast late, and we don’t eat lunch. ~ Bat nonumadete no-pyccku? —HerT, A NO-pycckh He NOHMMAWO. . Do you understand Russian? —No, | don’t understand Russian... - Thi He 3HaeWwb? —HeT, A He 3HalO. You don’t know? —No, | don’t. Note that the Russian present tense can be translated into English in three ways: no : sl pa6orato. | work./1 am working./l do work. a Third Lesson | 333. CARDINAL NUMBERS 0-10 Here are the cardinai numbers from O to 10 in Russian. O HONb 4 yeTbipe 1 OAK (masculine) 5 NATb Ofna (feminine) 6 wiecTb OHO (neuter) 7 ceMb 2‘ ga (masculine, neuter) 8 BOCeEMb 4ee (feminine) Qo f@eaTe . 3 Tp 10°. gécata o>. Korg Bbl 3ABTpaKkaete? —B B6cemb 4acés. When do you eat breakfast? —At eight o'clock. . Y Te6A ecTb YeTbIpe AGANapa? Do you have four dollars? Notice that the numbers 1 and 2 have different gender forms that must agree with the nouns to which they refer. When counting, however, only the mascu- line form of 2 is used, and 1 has the special form pa3: pa3, ABa,-Tpyu ... (one, . two, three... ). OAM can also be used to mean “alone,” as in Mbl 34ecb onHM we are alone here), Y Bac eCTb ABE MUHYTHI? Do you have two minutes? Nowanyiicta, OAH anenbcviH u OHO A6noKO. | One orange and one apple, please. 4. IRREGULAR NOUN PLURALS There area number of. noun. plurals that do not follow the regular plural for- mation rules but are nevertheless grouped by type. Which plurals fa fall in which group must simply be memorized, ao a. Neuter nouns Neuter nouns that end in -ma form their plural by dropping the -9, and adding -eHa. For example, ma (first name) >> umena. Amutpun, Hatdwia vu Kupvisnn—pycckue umena. Dmitrii, Natasha, and Kirill are Russian names. 34 oan Tpétnii ypox