]{d;dh gw;wp njspT ngWtJ

vg;gb?

E}yrpupau; :
fyhepjp a+. vy;. V. m\;ug; Ph. D (Al-Azhar)
jiytu; - jhUy; `jP];
cjtpg; Nguhrpupau;
kd;du; fhypj; gy;fiyf;fofk;
rt+jp mNugpah

2003

1
 ]{d;dh vd;why; vd;d?
~]{d;dh vd;w mwGg; gjj;jpw;F ghij> topKiw vd;gJ
fuj;jhFk;. `jP]f
; iy ty;Ydu;fs; (]{d;dh) vd;gjw;F
gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzk; $Wfpd;wdu; :
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; nrhy;>
nray;> mq;ffP huk;> cly; mikg;G Kiw> Fz newp
MfpaitfshFk;. ,it egpatu;fSf;F ~J}J=
fpilg;gjw;F Kd;G epfo;e;jhYk; my;yJ gpd;G epfo;e;jhYk;
~]{d;dh= vd;Nw nrhy;yg;gLk;.
,Nj fUj;ijj;jhd; `jP]; vd;w gjKk;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ~my;fpjhg;>
t];]{d;dh=> mu;Fu;Md;> ty; `jP]; vd;W gpuNahfpg;gJ
,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspd; tof;fkhFk;.
vdNt `jP]; fiy ty;Yzu;fs; egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fisg; gw;wpa rfy tpguq;fisAk;
jpul;Ltij Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;. nrhw;fs;>
nray;fs;> mq;ff P huq;fs; ,itfspy; vij Mjhukhff;
nfhs;tJ vij Mjhukhff; nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gij
NtWgLj;Jk; tiutpyf;fzq;fisj; jUk; Kaw;rpapy;
,tu;fs; ,wq;ftpy;iy. ,e;jg; gzpapy; c]_ypa;a+d;fs;
(,];yhkpa rl;l %y jj;Jt mwpQu;fs;) <Lgl;lhu;fs;.
vdNt mtu;fs; ]{d;dh vd;gjw;Fg; gpd;tUk; tiu
tpyf;fzj;ij Kd;itf;fpwhu;fs; : egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; egpj;Jtk; fpilj;j gpd;G
$wpa> nra;j> mq;fPfhuk; toq;fpa tplaq;fshFk;.
vdNt egpj;Jtj;jpw;F Ke;jpa> egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; nrhy;> nray;> mq;ff
P huk;
Mfpaitfs; Mjhukhf mikahJ. ,t;tplaj;jpy;
mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL fpilahJ. ,jd;
mbg;gilapy; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; egpj;Jtj;jpw;F Kd;G `pwh Fifapy; jpahdj;jpy;
,Ue;jhu;fs; vd;gij Kd;itj;J rpy ]_gpj;Jt thjpfs;
fhLfspYk;> FiffspYk;> kiyfspYk; jpahdj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ
MFk; vdf; $WtJ mwpahikahFk;. NkYk; egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; egpj;Jtk;
fpilj;j gpd;G gy tUlq;fs; kf;fhtpy; jq;fpapUe;jhu;fs;.
2
kjPdhtpw;F `p[;uj; nrd;w gpd; gyjlit kf;fhit
juprpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs; ,e;jr; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fNsh my;yJ
mtu;fspd; ]`hghj; Njhou;fNsh `pwh Fifia
juprpf;fTkpy;iy> mq;Nf vt;tpj tzf;fj;jpYk;
<LglTkpy;iy.
Gf`hf;fs; (khu;f;fr; rl;l ty;Yzu;fspd;) tiutpyf;fzk;.
Gf`hf;fs; ]{d;dh vd;gjw;F tiutpyf;fzj;ijg;
gpd;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;fs; : xU tplak; egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk;>
,y;yhtpl;lhYk; fl;lhaf; flik my;yJ tpUk;gj;jf;fJ>
vd;gjw;F Fu;Md;> `jP]py; Mjhuk; fhzg;gLkhapd; mJ
]{d;dhthFk;.
,t;tiutpyf;fzj;jpd; gb ]{d;dh vd;gJ ~gpj;mj;=
vd;gjw;F vjpu;r; nrhy;yhFk;. Vnddpy; gpj;mj; vd;why;> egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy;
epfohj flik. my;yJ tpUk;gj;jf;fJ vd;gjw;F Mjhuk;
,y;yhj xU tplakhFk;.
vy;yh ~gpj;mj;fSk; topNfLfshFk;. Fu;Md; `jP]{f;F
Kuz;gLk; juj;ijg; nghWj;J me;j gpj;mj;jpd; juKk;
NtWgLk;. mjhtJ gpj;mj; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil
mk;rq;fSf;F Kuz;gLk; NghJ ~gpj;mj; Kfg;gFFuh=
(kjkhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ) vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;.
cjhuzkhf : vy;yhk; mtNd> vy;yhg; nghUl;fspd;
cUtq;fspy; my;yh`; Njhd;wpapUf;fpwhd; my;yJ mtNd
vy;yhk;> (Pantheism) my;yh`; VOthdq;fisf; fle;Js;s
mu;\; vd;w rpk;khrdj;jpy; cs;shd; vd;gij epuhfupj;jy;>
,iwtd; vq;Fk; epiwe;jtd; vd;W ek;Gjy;> kuzpj;j
my;yJ capUld; kiwe;Js;s ey;ybahu;fsplj;jpy;
Njitfisf; Nfl;ly; Nghd;wit (upj;jj;) kjkhw;wj;ij
Vw;gLj;jf; $ba gpj;mj;fshFk;.
,];yhkpa mbg;gil mk;rq;fSf;F gpj;mj;
Kuz;glhtpl;lhy;> mjw;F ~gpj;mj; Kg];]pfh
ghtj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba gpj;mj; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLk;.
3
cjhuzkhf ey;ybahu;fspd; fg;Wfspy; gs;sp thapy;fs;>
ju;`hf;fs; fl;Ljy;> fg;Wfisj; juprpf;f Gdpj ahj;jpiufs;
nra;jy;> jpf;W nra;Ak; NghJ eldk; MLjy;> egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`pt]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; gpwe;j ehisf;
nfhz;lhLjy; Nghd;witfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
vdNt gpj;mj; `]dh (mofpa gpj;mj;) vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy;
fpilahJ. mjw;F gpd;tUgitfis Mjhukhff;
nfhs;syhk; :
1
7962
6694 6692

~vq;fspd; ,e;j tplaj;jpy; (khu;f;fj;jpy;) ahuhtJ Gjpa

tplaj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhy; me;j tplak; epuhfupf;fg;gl;ljhFk;
vd;W egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`pt]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
$wpajhf M,\h (uopay;yh`{ md;`h) mtu;fs;
$Wfpwhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 2697 / K];ypk; : 4467)
,jd; %yk; khu;f;f tplaq;fspy; Gjpa tplaq;fis
Vw;gLj;jf; $lhJ vd;gJk;> Vida tplaq;fspy; Gjpa
fz;Lgpbg;Gf;fs; nra;tJ MFk; vd;gJk; njspthfpwJ.

7007
1722
~rpwe;j thu;j;ij my;yh`;tpd; NtjkhFk;> mofpa
topfhl;ly; K`k;kj; (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fspd; topfhl;ly;fshFk;> jPatplaq;fs; (khu;f;fj;jpy;)
Gjpjhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;litfshFk;> gpj;mj; vy;yhk;
topNfLfshFk;> topNfLfnsy;yhk; eufj;jpy;jhd;= vd egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf

4
[hgpu; gpd; mg;jpy;yh`; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{kh) mtu;fs;
$Wfpwhu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 2002 / e]h< : 1577)

48
~gpj;mj;fis kf;fs; mofhdJ vdf; fUjpdhYk; vy;yh
gpj;mj;fSk; topNfLjhd;= vd;W mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; cku;
(uopay;yh`{ md;`{kh) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;.
(m];]{d;dh Mrpupau; K`k;kj; gpd; e];u; mu;-ku;t]p : 83)

gpj;mj; `]dh cz;L vd thjpg;gtu;fs; gpd;tUk; `jPi]

Mjhukhff; nfhs;fpwhu;fs; :

9266 7864
~ahuhtJ ,];yhj;jpy; ed;ikAs;;s topKiwia
Vw;gLj;jpdhy; mjd; ed;ikAk;> mtiug; gpd;gw;wpr;
nra;fpd;wtupd; ed;ikAk; mtUf;F cz;L= vd egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf [uPu;
gpd; mg;jpy;yh`; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs;
mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 2348 / 6744)
,e;j `jPi] gpj;mj; `]dhTf;F Mjhukhf
vLj;Jf;nfhs;s KbahJ. `jP]py; nrhy;yg;gl;l
ed;ikAs;s topKiw vd;gJ> ,];yhj;jpy; Vw;fdNt
nrhy;yg;gl;l topKiwiaf; Fwpf;FNk jtpu ehq;fshfNt
Vw;gLj;Jk; topKiwfisf; Fwpf;fhJ. Vnddpy;> xU tplak;
ed;ikahdJ> jPikahdJ vd;gij Fu;Md; `jP]; %yk;
jhd; jPu;khdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. vq;fs; rpe;jidahy; jPu;khdpf;f
KbahJ. ,ijg; gpd;tUk; Fu;Md; trdk; typAWj;JfpwJ :
71
~my;yh`; mDkjpf;fhj tplaq;fis rl;lthf;fk; nra;Ak;
,izahsu;fs; mtu;fSf; cz;lh?= vd kWj;J ,iwtd;
$Wfpd;whd;.
5
 (m\;\_uh : 21)
NkYk; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l `jPi] $wpa re;ju;g;gj;ijf; ftdj;jpy;
vLf;Fk; NghJ> ,];yhj;jpy; Vw;fdNt $wg;gl;l ed;ikahd
tplaj;ijj;jhd; Fwpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. mNj
`jP]py; gpd;tUkhW nrhy;yg; gl;bUf;fpd;wJ :
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fsplk; fWg;G>
nts;is Gs;spfs; cs;s fk;gsp Nghu;j;jpa> epu;thzkhd>
fhy;fSf;F ghjul;irfs; mzpahj rpy fhl;lugpfs;
te;jhu;fs;. ,tu;fspd; epiy fz;L ,uq;fpa egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ~]jfh=
(ju;kk;) nra;AkhW kf;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhu;fs; Mdhy;>
ahUk; ju;kk; nfhLf;f Kd;tutpy;iy. rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;J
md;]hupfspy; xUtu;> nts;spfs; epiwe;j ig xd;iwf;
nfhz;L te;J ju;kk; nra;jhu;. ,ijf; fz;l Vida kf;fs;
cw;rhfk; mile;J ju;kk; nra;jdu;. kfpo;tile;j egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ~ahuhtJ
,];yhj;jpy; ed;ikAs;s topKiwia Vw;gLj;jpdhy;> mjd;
ed;ikAk;> mtiug; gpd;gw;wpr; nra;fpd;wtupd; ed;ikAk;
mtUf;F cz;L vdf; $wpdhu;fs;.
,r;rk;gtj;jpd; %yk; kf;fs; ju;kk; nfhLf;ff; jaq;fpa
NghJ md;]hupfisr; Nru;e;j xU kdpju; ju;kk; nra;J
kw;wtu;fSf;F kd;khjpupahf ,Ue;jikapdhy; mtUf;F
mNj Nghy; ed;ik fpilj;jJ vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. ju;kk;
vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l tplakhFk;> mJ xU
Gjpa gpj;mj; my;y. vdNt `jP]pd; njspthd tpsf;fk;
vd;dntdpy; ,];yhk; fw;Wj; je;j ed;ikAs;s tplaq;fspy;
ehq;fs; kw;wtu;fSf;F Kd;khjpupahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijNa typAWj;JfpwJ vd;gjhFk;.
rpy ,khk;fs; gpj;mj;ij Ie;J gpupj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
,t;tifg;gLj;jy;> ghi\ uPjpahdNj jtpu khu;f;f
uPjpahdjy;y. Vnddpy; th[pghd> K];j`g;ghd> Kgh`hd
gpj;mj;fSf;F mtu;fs; nfhz;Lte;j cjhuzq;fs;
gpj;mj;fspd; tiutpyf;fzj;jpy; mlq;fhJ.
(my;gjhth my;`jP]pa;ah - i`jkp : 281)

6
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fSf;F topg;gLtjd;
rl;llk;.
my;yh`{ jMyh Fu;Mdpy; $wpaitfSf;F topg;gLtJ
flikNghy egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fspd; Vty;> tpyf;fy;fSf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtJk;
flikahFk;. ,t;tplaj;jpy; ,khk;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J
NtWghL ,y;iy. ,ij gpd;tUk; Fu;Md; trdq;fs;
typAWj;Jfpd;wd.
67

~my;yh`;Tf;F topg;gLq;fs;> jpUj;J}jUf;F topg;gLq;fs;=.

(my;kh,j`; : 92)

76

~VNjDnkhU tplaj;jpy; ePq;fs; fUj;J Ntw;Wik

nfhz;lhy;> mij my;yh`;> jpUj;J}ju; MfpNahu;fspd;
(jPu;g;Gf;Fj;) jpUg;Gq;fs;=
(me;ep]h : 59)
vdNt t`p (,iwnra;jp) vd;gij ,uz;lhfg; gpupf;fyhk; :
1. tzf;fkhf Xjg;gLk; t`p - mJ my;Fu;Md;.
2. tzf;fkhf Xjg;glhj t`p - mJjhd; `jP];
my;yJ ]{d;dh.
nghUs; tpsq;fpdhYk;> tpsq;fhtpl;lhYk; Fu;Mid XJtJ>
Xjf;fw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ> kddkpLtJ tzf;fkhFk;. mNj
Nghy; Fu;Md; nkhop ngau;g;Gf;fis thrpg;gJ> mjd;
rl;lq;fis mwptJ> fw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ Nkyhd
tzf;fkhFk;.
`jP]; fpue;jq;fis thrpg;gJ> tpsq;FtJ> fw;Wf;
nfhLg;gJ> kddkpLtJ tzf;fkhFk;. Mdhy;>
,e;Nehf;fq;fs; ,y;yhky; ntWkNd XJtJ tzf;fky;y
gpj;mj;jhFk;. cjhuzkhf rpy k];[pj;fspy; tUlh tUlk;
,khk; G`hup (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) mtu;fs; vOjpa

7
~my;[hkpc]; ]`P`;= vd;w E}iy my;yJ ,khk;
K];ypk; (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) vOjpa E}iy
tl;lkhfapUe;J Xjp jkhk; nra;fpwhu;fs;> nghJ kf;fs;
,t;itgtq;fSf;F Neu;r;irfs; rku;g;gpf;fpwhu;fs;> ,jd;
%yk; mtu;fspd; Njitfs; epiwNtWfpd;wd vd
ek;Gfpwhu;fs;> khL> ML> Nfhop Nghd;w Neu;r;irg; nghUl;fs;
gfpuq;f Vy tpw;gidf;F tplg;gLfpd;wd. ,J topnfl;l
gpj;mj; MFk;. `jP]; fpue;jq;fis egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; je;j
rl;lq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> kw;wtu;fSf;Fg; gbj;Jf;
nfhLg;gjw;Fk;> kddk; ,Ltjw;Fk;jhd; Xj Ntz;Lk;. mij
tpLj;J G`hupia ntWkNd XJtij xU tzf;fkhf
epidg;gJk;> mjd; %yk; ~gufj;= Vw;gLfpwJ vd;W
ek;GtJk;> Njitfs; epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wd vd;W ek;GtJk;>
mjw;fhf Neu;r;irfs; nra;tJk;> mitfis rhg;gpLtJk;
topnfl;l gpj;mj; MFk;.
G`hup rlq;Fthjpfsplk; G`hupapy; cs;s rpy `jP]f ; is
mKy; gLj;JNthk; vd;W $wpdhy;> rhl;Lg; Nghf;Ffs; $wp
eOtp tpLfpwhu;fs;. cjhuzkhf egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`pt]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; ukohd; ,uTj; njhOif
(juhtP`;) vt;thwpUe;jJ vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ> egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ukohd;
fhyj;jpNyh> my;yJ ukohd; my;yhj fhyj;jpNyh 11
wf;mj;fSf;F Nky; njhotpy;iy vd M,\h (uopay;yh`{
md;`h) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 1147)
G`hup rlq;Fthjpfs; ,e;j egp topKiwia mtu;fspd;
gs;spfspy; mKy;gLj;jj; jahu?
kj;`g;fs; vd;why; vd;d?
kj;`g; vd;why; Fu;Md;> `jP]; Mfpaitfis Neubahf
tpsq;Ftjw;F Mw;wYs;s Xu; ,khkpd; (mwpQupd;) fUj;J.
,t;thw;wy; cs;stu;fs; ]`hghf;fs;> jhgp<d;fs; fhyk;
Kjy; ,e;etPd fhyk; tiu fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.
jw;NghJ cyfpy; cs;s ngUk;ghyhd K];ypk;fs; ,khk;
mg+ `dPgh> ,khk; khypf;> ,khk; \hgp<> ,khk; m`;kj;
,g;D `k;gy; (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`pk;) Mfpa ehd;F
,khk;fisg; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;.
8
ehd;F ,khk;fspd; rPlu;fs; (khztu;fs;) jq;fs; ,khkpd;
kj;`igg; gug;Gk; Kaw;rpapy; <LgLtJld; jdJ ,khk;
fUj;J njuptpf;fhj tptfhuq;fspy; fUj;J
ntspapLgtu;fshfTk; Fu;Md;> `jP]f ; Sf;F Kuz;gLk;
jdJ ,khkpd; fUj;Jf;fisr; Rl;bf;fhl;b> Fu;Md;> `jP];
jPu;g;Gf;fis vLj;Jr; nrhy;yf; $batu;fshfTk;
,Ue;jhu;fs;. Mdhy; fhyNthl;lj;jpy; kj;`g; vd;gJ jdpegu;
fUj;J vd;w epiyapy; ,Ue;J jdpegu; topghL vd;w epiyf;F
tp];t&gk; vLj;jJ. ,jdhy; ehd;F kj;`GfSk; ehd;F
kjq;fs; vd;w epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;ld.
fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk; Njhd;wpa mwpQu;fs; ,ijf; fz;bj;J
kf;fSf;F Fu;Md;> `jP]; Nghjidfis typAWj;jpdhu;fs;.
jw;fhyj;jpy; ahUf;Fk; Fu;Md;> `jPi] Neubahf tpsq;f
KbahJ vd;w thjj;jpw;F ~Gf`hf;fspd; fUj;J NtWghLk;
nghJkf;fspd; kj;jpapy; mjd; jhf;fKk;" vd;w vkJ muG
E}ypy; kWg;G vOjpAs;Nshk;.
ehd;F kj;`Gfspy; xd;iw KOikahf fl;lhak; jOt
Ntz;Lkh?
Fu;Md;> `jPi] Neubahf tpsq;f Kbahjtu; my;yJ
tpsq;fpatu;fspd; jPu;g;GfSf;Fupa Mjhuq;fis tpsq;f
Kbahjtu; jhd; khu;f;f mwpQu; vd;W fUJgtuplk; khu;f;f
rl;lq;fisf; Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;twpQu; rl;lj;ijf; $Wk;
NghJ mjw;Fupa Mjhuk; vd;d? vJ? vd;gijf; Nfl;Lf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
xU tplaj;jpy; Xu; mwpQiuAk; NtW tplaj;jpy;> kw;nwhU
mwpQiuAk; ehbf; Nfl;f KbAk;. ,jw;F ~jg;yPf;= vdf;
$wg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf T@Tila tplaj;jpy; xU ,khkpd;
fUj;ijAk;> njhOif tplaj;jpy; ,d;DnkhU ,khkpd;
fUj;ijAk; vLf;f KbAk;. ,J ]`hghf;fs; kj;jpapy;
VNfhgpj;j fUj;jhFk;. ,J $lhJ vd;w gpw;fhyj;jpy;
Njhd;wpa rpy Gf`hf;fspd; $w;W Mjhukw;wjhFk;. Mdhy;
xt;nthU kj;`gpypUe;Jk; jdf;F ,yFthdij
vLj;jf;nfhs;tJ kNdh ,r;iriag; gpd;gw;Wk; nrayhFk;.
Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;l VNfhgpj;j ,f;fUj;Jf;F KOikahf
fz;%bj;jdkhf gpd;gw;WtJ fl;lhakpy;iy. fl;lhak; vd;W
thjpLtJ topNflhFk;.
9
nghJ kfd; xU kj;`ig KOikahf gpd;gw;wj;
Njitapy;iy vd \hgp< kj;`igr; Nru;e;j ,khk;fshd
,];]{j;jPd; ,g;D mg;jp]; ]yhk;> ettp> ,g;D `[u;
i`jkp MfpNahu; khu;f;fj; jPu;g;G toq;fpAs;shu;fs;.
(fth,Jy; m`;fhk; : 2/151> ut;sh : 11/117> my;gjht my;Fg;uh :
4/304-305)
vdNt xU tolaj;jpy; ,khk; \hgp<iaAk; NtW tplaj;jpy;
,khk; m`;kj; gpd; `k;gy; mtu;fisAk; gpd;gw;w KbAk;.

kj;`g; `jP]{ld; Kuz;gLk; Nghj vt;thW ele;J nfhs;tJ?

kj;`g; `jP]{ld; Kuz;gLk; NghJ kj;`ig tpLj;J
`jPi] vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jdJ ,khk;
Mjhukhff; nfhz;l `jP]; gyaPdk; vdj; njd;gLk; NghJ
mf;fUj;ij jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg; gpd;tUk;
tplaq;fis Mjhukhff; nfhs;sKbAk; :
m) `jP]; mbg;gilahd Mjhuk;> jdpegupd; fUj;J
Mjhuky;y.
M) ehd;F ,khk;fSk; `jPi] vLf;FkhW
typAWj;jpAs;shu;fs;.
,khk; \hgp< (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) :

94 92
~ehd; $wpa fUj;J Cu;[pjkhd `jP]{f;F Kuz;gl;lhy;>
`jPi] vLq;fs;> vd;id fz;%bj;jdkhfg; gpd;gw;whjPuf
; s;.
(mjhG\; \hgp< - ,g;D mgP`hjpk; : 67 - 68)

628 1
~]`P`hd ]jP]{f;F Kuzhf VjhtJ tplaj;jpy; ehd;
NgrpapUe;jhy; ehd; capNuhbUf;Fk; NghJk;> kuzpj;j gpd;Gk;
mf;fUj;ij tpl;Lk; khwptpl;Nld;=.
10
 (khdfpG\; \hgp< - ig`fP : 1/473)

766 764 716

~ehq;fs; `jP]{f;F kdKuz;lhf khW nra;tjpy;iy
Mdhy;> `jP]; fpilf;fhjjd; fhuzkhf my;yJ
tpahf;fpahdj;jpy; jtWtpLtjd; fhuzkhf xU kdpjd;
`jP]{f;F Kuz;gl;l fUj;ijf; nfhz;L jtW
nra;fpwhd;=.
(mu;up]hyh : 219 gf;fk; 598 - 599)

,khk; mg+ `dPgh (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) :

167
,khk; mg+ `dPgh ~Cu;[pjkhd `jP]; te;jhy; ehq;fs;
vLg;Nghk;=.
(my;,d;jpfh - ,g;D mg;jpy; gu; : 145)

,khk; khypf; (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) :

260 7
,khk; khypf; ~Cu;[pjkhd `jP]{f;F Kuz;gLgtu; Ntjid
my;yJ Mgj;J Vw;gLtijg; gae;J nfhs;sl;Lk;=.
(my;,`;fhk; - ,g;D `];k; : 2/790)
,khk; m`;kj; (u`;kJy;yh`p miy`p) :

476 8

11
,khk; m`;kj; ~Cu;[pjkhd `jP]; te;jhy;> fl;lhak; mij
vLf;f Ntz;Lk;=.
(my; cj;jh - mg+ a/yh 3/859)
,) ,khk;fs; vq;fSf;F vy;yh `jP]f ; Sk; njupAk;
vdf; $wtpy;iy> mg;gb mtu;fshy; $wTk; KbahJ.
67
186

~vy;yh `jP]f
; isAk; njupe;j egiu vq;fSf;Fj;
njupahJ=
(mu;up]hyh`; : 42 - 43)

,khk; ,g;D `[u; m];fyhdp mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;

~K];ypk; ck;kj;jpy; (rKjhaj;jpy;) xUtu; vy;yh
`jP]f; isAk; mwpe;jpUf;fpwhu; vd;W $w KbahJ=.
(md;DfJy; thgpa;ah - gpfh<)
<) kj;`Gld; Kuz;gLk; NghJ `jPi] vLf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd \hgp< kj;`igr; Nru;e;j ,khk;fshfpa
,];]{j;jPd; ,g;D mg;J];]yhk;> ,g;D];]yh`;>
mj;jfp ]{g;fp> ,g;D `[u; m];fyhdp MfpNahu;fs;
typAWj;jpAs;shu;fs;.
c) kj;`g;thjpfs; jq;fSf;Fr; rhjfkhf `jP];
tUk;NghJ ngUk; Mde;jj;Jld; vLj;Jf;
nfhs;fpwhu;fs;> mtu;fSf;Fg; ghjfkhf tUk;NghJ
`jPi]g; Gwf;fzpj;J tpLfpwhu;fs;. ,tu;fisg; gw;wp
gpd;tUk; Fu;Md; trdk; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;wJ.

71 64

12
~mtu;fs; kj;jpapy; jPu;g;gspg;gjw;fhf my;yh`;> mtdpd;
jpUj;J}ju; MfpNahu;fis Nehf;fp miof;fg;gl;lhy;
mtu;fspy; xU rhuhu; Gwf;fzpj;J tpLfpwhu;fs;. rj;jpak;>
mtu;fSf;F rhjfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mij Kw;W KOjhf
Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. cz;ikahd K/kPd;fs; my;yh`;>
jpUj;J}jupd; ghy; jPu;g;Gf;fhf miof;fg;gl;lhy;>
nrtpkLj;Njhk;> mbgzpe;Njhk; vd;W $Wthu;fs;. mtu;fs;
jhd; n[ak; ngw;wtu;fs;.
(md;E}u; : 48 - 51)

Cu;[pjkhd `jP]pd; tiffSk; epge;jidfSk;.

Cu;[pjkhd `jP]; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
(m) Cu;[pjkhd `jP]; juk; i mJ ]`P`hd `jP];
vdf; $wg;gLk;. mjw;Fupa epge;jidfs; Ie;J :-
1. `jP]; mwptpg;ghsu; njhlupy; cs;s midtUk;
ek;gj; jFe;jtu;fshf ,Uj;jy;.
2. mwptpg;ghsu; E}W tPjk; kdd rf;jp cs;stuhf
my;yJ `jPi] Vl;by; gpio ,y;yhky; vOjf;
$batuhf ,Uj;jy;.
3. xt;nthU mwptpg;ghsUk; jdJ `jP];
Mrpupauplj;jpy; `jPi] Neubahfg; ngw;wpUj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
4. mwptpg;ghsupd; mwptpg;G jd;id tpl ek;gj;jFe;j
my;yJ kdd rf;jp $ba xUtUila `jP]{f;F
Kuz;glhjpUj;jy;.
5. mwptpg;ghsu; njhlupy; kiwKfkhd tL my;yJ
Fiw fhzg;glhjpUj;jy;. (cjhuzkhf xU ]`hgpapd;
jdpg;gl;l fUj;ij jtWjyhf egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf upthaj;Jr;
nra;tjhFk;.)
(M) Cu;[pjkhd `jP]; juk; ii ,J `jP]; `]d; vdr;
nrhy;yg;gLk;. ]`P`hd `jP]{f;Fk; `]dhd
`jP]{f;Fk; ,uz;lhk; epge;jidapy; khj;jpuk; tpj;jpahrk;
cz;L. `jP]; `]d; mwptpg;ghsu; E}W tPjk; kdd rf;jp

13
cs;stuhf ,Uf;f khl;lhu;. mij tpl> rw;Wf; Fiwe;jtuhf
,Ug;ghu;.
gy `]dhd `jP]f ; s; Nru;e;J ]`P`; ypifup`p `jP];
epiyf;F juk; cau tha;g;Gz;L.
s<ghd (Cu;[pjkw;w) `jP]; vd;why; vd;d?
]`P`;> `]d; Mfpatw;wpw;F $wg;gl;l Ie;J
epge;jidfspy; xd;iw ,of;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; mij s<g;
(Cu;[pjkw;w) `jP]; vdf; $wg;gLk;.
Mdhy;> ngha;au;fs; vd my;yJ `jP]py; kpf;f $Ljyhf
jtWfs; ,iog;gtu; vdf; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gl;l mwptpg;ghsu;
,y;yhj> gy s<ghd `jP]f ; s; $l;lhfr; Nru;e;J> `]d;
ypifup`P vd;w juj;ij mila tha;g;Gz;L. Mdhy;
,j;juj;ij milaf; $ba gyaPdkhd `jP]f
; s;
mg+u;tkhfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mit kpf EZf;fkhd
Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;baitfshFk;.
s<ghd (Cu;[pjkw;w) `jPi] ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jf;F Mjhukhff;
nfhs;syhkh?
Cu;[pjkw;w `jPi] rl;lj;Jf;F vLj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahJ
vd;gjpy; ,khk;fs; kj;jpapy; VNfhgpj;j fUj;J cs;sJ.
(\u;`{y; K`j;jg; : 1/59> \u`{ ]`P`; K];ypk; 1/85)
s<ghd (Cu;[pjkw;w) `jPi] mky;;fspd; rpwg;Gf;fspy; vLj;jf;
nfhs;syhkh?
mky;fspd; rpwg;Gfspy;> gf;jp my;yJ ,iwtd;
jz;lidapy; gak; Mfpaitfis Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; s<ghd
`jPi] cgNahfpf;f KbAkh? vd;gjpy; ,khk;fs; kj;jpapy;
fUj;J NtWghL cz;L.
KjyhtJ fUj;J :
nghJthf ve;j epiyapYk; s<ghd `jPi] vLf;f
KbahJ. ,f;fUj;ij ,g;D k<d;> G`hup> K];ypk;> mg+
\hkh> \hJgp MfpNahu; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. vdNt>
mky;fspd; rpwg;Gfspy; s<ghd `jPi] vLg;gjpy; ,khk;fs;
kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL fpilahJ vd;w ,khk; ettpad;
thjk; jtwhdJ vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; njspthfpd;wJ.

14
,uz;lhtJ fUj;J :
%d;W epge;jidfSf;F cl;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mky;fspd;
rpwg;Gf;fspy; s<ghd `jPi] vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
,f;fUj;ij gpw;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa rpy `jP]f ; iy
ty;Yzu;fs; Mjupf;fpd;whu;fs;.
me;epge;jidfs; gpd;tUkhW :-
(1) `jP]pd; gyaPdk; fLikahf ,y;yhkypUj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;. vdNt `jP]py; ngha; $Wgtu;fs;>
rhjhuz Ngr;rpy; ngha; NgRgtu;fs;> `jP]py; Vuhskhd
jtWfisg; Gupgtu;fs; Nghd;Nwhu;fspd; `jP];fis
mky;fspd; rpwg;Gf;fspy; $l vLf;f KbahJ.
(2) Vw;fdNt \uPmj;jpy; eilKiwapy; ,Uf;Fk; Xu;
mbg;gilf;Fs;> me;j s<ghd `jP]; mlq;f
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ khu;f;fj;jpy; Gjpa tzf;fj;ijNah>
my;yJ tzf;fj;jpd; Gjpa KiwiaNah> my;yJ
tzf;fj;jpy; Nkyjpf vz;zpf;ifNah me;j s<ghd `jP];
cUthf;ff; $lhJ.
(3) s<ghd `jPi] mky;fspd; rpwg;Gf;fspy; vLj;Jr;
nraw;gLk; NghJ ,ij epr;rakhf egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpapUf;fyhk; vd;w
Iag;ghl;Lld; nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
MjhuKs;s fUj;J :
,t;tpU fUj;Jf;fspy; s<ghd `jPi] mky;fspd;
rpwg;Gf;fspy; vLf;f KbahJ vd;gNj rupahd $w;whFk;.
,jidg; gpd;tUk; Mjhuq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd :
(1) s<ghd `jP]; egpatu;fs; $wpdhu;fsh? vd;w
re;Njfj;ij Vw;glj;Jfpd;wJ. re;Njfj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L khu;f;f tplaq;fis
mikf;f KbahJ.
74
~epr;rakhf re;Njfj;jpd; %yk; rj;jpaj;ij Cu;[pjg;gLj;j
KbahJ=.
(me;e[;k; : 28)
15
 9647 9099
~re;Njfj;ijj; jtpu;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;> re;Njfk; ngUk;
ngha;ahd jftyhFk;= vd egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf mg+ `{iuuh (uopay;yh`{
md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 6066> K];ypk; : 6482)
(2) fu;uhkpah vd;w topnfl;l gpuptpdu; mky;fspd;
rpwg;gpy;> `jPi] ,l;Lf;fl;lyhk; vd;w gaq;fukhd
fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,g;gpuptpd; kiwKfkhd
jhf;ftpisNt mky;fspd; rpwg;gpy; s<ghd `jPi]
vLf;fyhk; vd;w thjkhFk;.
(3) %d;W epge;jidfSld; s<ghd `jPi] vLf;fyhk;
vd;w thjk; eilKiwr; rhj;jpakw;w xd;whFk;.
Vnddpy; %d;W epge;jidfSk; mlq;fpa s<ghd
`jP]; ,y;iy vd;Nw $wNtz;Lk;. NkYk; nghJ
kf;fSf;F s<ghd `jP]f ; isf; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;
NghJ mtu;fs; egpatu;fs; $wpajhf ek;Gfpwhu;fs;.
,jhdy; ngha;ahd `jP]f ; s;> %lek;gpf;iffs;>
gpw;Nghf;Fr; rpe;jidfs;> gFj;jwpTf;F Kuzhd
fw;gidr; rk;gtq;fs;> khu;f;f tplaq;fis kaf;fkhd
epiyapy; mZFk; topKiwfs; Mfpad r%fj;jpy;
gut tha;g;Gz;L.
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
nraw;ghLfspd; tiffs;.
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
nraw;ghLfis RUf;fkhf %d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
1) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
tzf;f uPjpahf nra;jitfs;. mjhtJ th[pg; (flik)
my;yJ K];j`g; (tpUk;gj;jf;fJ) vd;w mbg;gilapy;
nra;jitahFk;. ,it ~]{d;dh jmg;Gjpa;ah= vd;W
nrhy;yg;gLk;. ,tw;iw ehq;fs; rl;lthf;fj;jpw;F vLj;Jf;
nfhs;sf; flikg; gl;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,ij gpd;tUk;
`jP]f ; s; typAWj;Jfpd;wd :

16
 1
1787 981
~vt;thW ehd; njhOtijf; fz;Bu;fNsh mt;thW
njhOq;fs;= vd;W egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; $wpajhf khypf; gpd; `{itup]; (uopay;yh`{
md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
(G`hup : 631> K];ypk; : 1535)

7
8097 8176
~cq;fSila `[; tzf;fq;fis vd;dplj;jpy; ,Ue;J
vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;= vd;W egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf [hgpu; gpd; mg;jpy;yh
(uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 3124> e]h< : 3062)
2) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; xU
kdpj ,ay;G nfhz;ltu;fs; vd;w tifapy; nra;jitfs;.
,it ~]{d;dh [pgpy;ypa;ah= vd;W $wg;gLk;. epw;wy;>
,Uj;jy;> cwq;Fjy;> rthup nra;jy;> gpuahzk; nra;jy;>
jq;Fjy; Nghd;w kdpjDf; ,d;wpaikahj mirTfis
,jw;F cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;.
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; <j;jk;
goj;ijr; rhg;gpl;lhu;fs;> Njd;> ghy; Mfpatw;iw
mUe;jpdhu;fs;> ,uz;L iffSk; ,Wf;fkhd \hk; Njr
[{g;ghit mzpe;jhu;fs;> fWj;j jiyg;ghifAld; kf;fhtpy;
gpuNtrpj;jhu;fs; Nghd;w khu;f;fj;jpy; MFkhf;fg;gl;l
nray;fSk; ,t;tifapy; mlq;Fk;.
,t;tifapy; $wg;gl;litfis Vida kf;fSk;
,NjNghd;W nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ K];jfg;G
(tpUk;gj;jf;fJ) my;y tpUk;gpdhy; nra;ayhk;
tpUk;ghtpl;lhy; tpl;L tplyhk;. vdNt ,t;tif Kgh`;
(mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ) vd;gjpy; mlq;FNk jtpu th[g; (flik)
my;yJ K];j`g; (tpUk;gj;jf;fJ) vd;gjpy; mlq;fhJ.

17
,e;j mbg;gilapy; fuz;bahy; rhg;gplf; $lhJ> ifapdhy;
rhg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. czTfis Nkirapy; itj;J fjpiuapy;
,Ue;J rhg;gplf; $lhJ> rhg;gpLk; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwapy;
,Ue;J rhg;gpl Ntz;Lk; $l;lhf ,Ue;J r`d; Kiwapy;
rhg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. Kbia eLthy; gpupj;J thuNtz;Lk;.
Kbia Njhw;Gak; tiu ePskhf tsu;f;f Ntz;Lk;>
jiyg;ghif mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W thjpg;gJ
mwpahikahFk;. Vnddpy; Nkw;gb tplaq;fis egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; nra;Ak; NghJ
jdp kdpj tpUg;Gf; Nfw;g nra;jhu;fNs jtpu tzf;f
uPjpahfr; nra;atpy;iy.
NkYk; Nkw;gb tplaq;fspy; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fisg; gpd;gw;WfpNwhk; vd;W thjpf;Fk;
egu;fs;> egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; je;j tzf;fkhfr; nra;j tplaq;fisg;
Gwf;fzpg;gJk; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; fw;Wj; juhj gpj;mj;jhd tzf;fq;fisr; nra;tJk;
tpag;Gf;Fupa tplakhFk;.
3) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; jhd;
gpwe;J tho;e;j kf;fh efiur; Nru;e;j kf;fspd; gof;f
tof;fj;jpw;Nfw;g nray;gl;lhu;fs;. ,tw;Wf;F ~]{d;dh
Mjpa;ah= vd;W $wg;gLk;.
,e;j tifAk; ,uz;lhk; tifiag; Nghd;wJ jhd;. ,e;j
tifia Vida kf;fs; nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w th[pNgh
my;yJ K];j`g;Ngh ,y;iy. tpUk;gpdhy; nra;ayhk;>
tpUk;gpdhy; tpl;L tplyhk;.
,jw;Fg; gpd;tUk; `jPi] Mjhukhff; nfhs;syhk;. fhypj;
gpd; tyPj; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs; $Wfpd;whu;fs; :
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fSld;
mtu;fspd; kidtp ik%dh (uopay;yh`{ md;`h)
mtu;fsplk; nrd;Nwd;. md;idatu;fs; neUg;gpy; Rlg;gl;l
cLk;ig egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fSf;Fr; rhg;gplf; nfhLj;jhu;fs; mg;NghJ mq;fpUe;j
ngz;kzp xUtu; ~egpatu;fNs! mJ cLk;G ,iwr;rp= vd;W
$wpdhu;. ,ijf; Nfl;l egpatu;fs; rhg;gpLtjw;F ifia
ePl;batu;fs;> kPz;Lk; ifia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. mjw;F
ehd; ~cLk;G `hwhkhf;fg;gl;ljh?= vdf; Nfl;Nld;. mjw;F
18
egpatu;fs; ~,y;iy> Mdhy; vdJ $l;lj;jpdu; (Fiw\pfs;)
thOk; gFjpapy; cLk;G ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjdhy; vdf;F
mJ tpUg;gkpy;iy= vdf; $wpdhu;fs;. fhypj; gpd; tyPj;
(uopay;yh`{ md;`{) $Wfpwhu;fs; ~ehd; cLk;igr;
rhg;gpl;Nld;. egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; mtu;fs; jLf;ftpy;iy=.
(G`hup : 5537> K];ypk; : 5009)
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; jdf;Fg;
gof;f kpy;yhjjhy; cLk;G ,iwr;rpiar; rhg;gpltpy;iy
vd;gJk;> fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs;
egpatu;fspd; kd;dpiyapy; rhg;ggpl;lhu;fs; vd;gJk;> ehd;
rhg;gplhj xd;iw ePq;fs; vg;gbr; rhg;gpLtPu;fs;? vd
egpatu;fs; fhypj; gpd; tyPj; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{)
mtu;fSf;Ff; $wtpy;iy vd;gJk; ,q;F njspthfpwJ.
,jd; mbg;gilapy; Nfhl;> uT]u;> il vd;gitfis
mzpaf; $lhJ mit fpwp];jtu;fs;> a+ju;fspd; cilfs;
vd;W thjpg;gJ mwpahikahFk;. egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ,uz;L iffs; ,Wf;fkhd
\hk; ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j milis mzpe;jhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 363> K];ypk; : 628)
\hk; ehL vd;gJ rpupah> nygdhd;> gy];jPd; Mfpa
gFjpfisf; Fwpf;Fk; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; \hk; Nuhku;fshfpa
fpwp];jtu;fspd; ehlfapUe;jJ. egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; cl;gl kf;fh> kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j kf;fs;
\hk; ehl;L cilfisNa ngUk;ghYk; ghtpj;J te;jhu;fs;.
md]; gpd; khypf; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs;
$Wfpwhu;fs; ~egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; Nuhku;fSf;Ff; fbjk; vOj tpUk;gpdhu;fs;.
mg;NghJ ~cj;jpNahf g+u;t Kj;jpiu Fj;jg;gl;l fbjq;fs;
kl;LNk Nuhku;fs; thrpg;ghu;fs;= vd ]`hghf;fs;
$wpdhu;fs;. mg;NghJ egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; ~K`k;kj; my;yh`;tpd; J}ju;= vd;W
nghwpf;fg;gl; Nkhjpuk; xd;iwr; nra;J nfhz;lhu;fs;=.
(G`hup : 65> K];ypk; : 5447)

19
gpw kjj;jtu;splk; fhzg;gl;l cyf tplaq;fis egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; vLj;J
gpuNahrdk; mile;Js;shu;fs; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
NkYk; ]`hghf;fs; vfpg;J> \hk;> <uhd; Nghd;w ehLfisf;
ifg;gw;wpa NghJ me;ehl;L kf;fis mtu;fspd; cilfis
khw;WkhNwh my;yJ kf;fh> kjPdh thrpfs; cilfis
cLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nwh> mtu;fisf; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;s
tpy;iy.

vdNt xt;nthU kdpjDk; mtd; trpf;Fk; fhyk; ,lk;

MfpaitfSf;F Vw;g> ,];yhkpa tpjpfSf;fika jdJ
cilfis mzpe;J nfhs;tjw;F ,];yhk; jil tpjpf;f
tpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
,e;j mbg;gilapy; ,];yhj;Jf; nfd;W xU jdp cil
,y;iy vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. NkYk; ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd;>
Mg;fhdp];jhd; Nghd;w ehLfspy; thOk; K];ypk;fs;
mzpAk; cil ,];yhkpa cil vd thjpg;gJk;
mwpahikahFk;.
a+ju;fs;> fpwp];jtu;fSf;F Kuz;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w
`jP]f ; s;> mtu;fspd; tzf;f topghLfs;> jpUehl;fs;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; Kuz;gLtijNa Fwpf;Fk; mjw;F
cjhuzq;fs; gpd;tUkhW :
(m) fpwp];jtu;fs; NaRehjupd; (egp <]htpd;) gpwe;j
ehis tUlhe;jk; nfhz;lhLfpwhu;fs;. mijg; gpd;gw;wp rpy
K];ypk;fs; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fspd; gpwe;j ehis ugPcy; mt;ty; khjk;
nfhz;lhLfpwhu;fs;. ,J topnfl;l gpj;mj;jhFk;.
(M) fpwp];jt ghjpupfs;> Kdptu;fs;> kzpf; Nfhu;itia
Jjpg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;. mijg; gpd;gw;wp rpy
K];ypk;fs; jpf;u; nra;tjw;F j];gP`; Nfhu;itiag;
gad;gLj;Jfpwhu;fs;. cq;fSila ghtq;fis fzf;fpl;Lg;
ghuq;fs;. cq;fSila ed;ikfs; jg;gpg; NghfhJ vd;gjw;F
ehd; cj;juthjkspf;fpd;Nwd;. vd ,g;D k];Cj;
(uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs; nghbf; fw;fshy; j];gP`;
nra;gtu;fis Nehf;fpf; $wpdhu;fs;.
(mj;jhupkP : 204)

20
(,) a+ju;fs;> fpwp];jtu;fs; mtu;fspy; ey;ybahu;fs;
kuzpj;jhy;> mtu;fspd; kz;ziwapy; tzf;f];jyq;fis
Qhgfu;j;j kz;lgq;fisf; fl;bdhu;fs;. mNjNghy; rpy
K];ypk;fs; mt;ypahf;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;w
ey;ybahu;fspd; fg;Wfspy; ju;`hf;fs; fl;Lfpwhu;fs;.

,J midj;J ,khk;fshYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l

`jP]f ; Sf;F Kuzhd nra;ifAk;> K];ypk;fs; kj;jpapy;
\pu;f; vd;w ,iw ,izitg;Gf;F toptFg;gjhFk;.
,it Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; a+j> fpwp];jt fyhr;rhuj;ijg;
gpd;gw;wpf; nfhz;L cilfspy; mtu;fSf;F Kuz;gLfpNwhk;
vd;W $WtJ eifg;Gf;Fupa tplakhFk;.
tzf;fk; NtW> kdpj ,ay;G NtW vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; cz;lh?
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; tzf;f
uPjpahfr; nra;jitfs; th[pg; (flik) my;yJ K];j`g;
(tpUk;gj;jf;J) vd;w rl;lq;fSf;Fs; mlq;Fk;. egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; kdpj ,ay;G
my;yJ gof;fk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; nra;jitfs; Kgh`;
(tpUk;gpdhy; nra;ayhk; my;yJ tplyhk;) vd;w rl;lj;jpy;
mlq;Fk;.
,jw;F Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; Fu;Md; trdq;fs;> `jP]f
; s;
mikfpd;wd.

110 1
~ehd; cq;fisg; Nghd;w kdpjd;jhd;> cq;spd;
tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa ,iwtd; xUtd; jhd;> vd vdf;F t`p
mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W egpNa! ePu; $WtPuhf=.
(my;f`;g; : 110)

7
70
~vd;dplj;jpy; my;yh`;tpd; nghf;fp\q;fs; ,Ug;gjfNth>
kiwKfkhd tplaq;fs; vdf;Fj; njupAnkd;Nwh> ehd; Xu;
mkuu; vd;Nwh $w khl;Nld; vd;W egpNa! ePu; nry;tuP hf.
21
vdf;F t`p (,iwj;J}J) mwptpf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fis
khj;jpuk; jhd; gpd;gw;WNtd;=.
(my;md;Mk; : 50)

9040
~ehd; xU kdpjd;jhd;. cq;fs; khu;f;fj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
xU tplaj;ijf; nfhz;L fl;lisapl;lhy; vLj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. (cyf ed;ikfSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l) xU
tplaj;ij (vdJ) RafUj;Jg;gb cq;fSf;Ff;
fl;lisapl;lhy; (tpUk;gpdhy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk; my;yJ
tplyhk;) Vnddpy; ehd; (cyf tplaq;fspy; jtwpiof;ff;
$ba) xU kdpjd;= vd egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajfh uhgp/ gpd; fjP[; (uopay;yh`{
md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 6080)

6
601
1726
~ehd; cq;fisg; Nghd;w kdpjd;jhd; ePq;fs; kwg;gJ Nghy;
ehd; kwg;Ngd;. vdNt ehd; kwe;jhy; vdf;F
Qhgfg;gLj;Jq;fs;= vd;W egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf ,g;D k];Cj; (uopay;yh`{
md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 401> K];ypk; : 1274)
7
9720
~ehd; xU kdpjd;. Vida kdpju;fs; jpUg;jp miltJ Nghy;
ehDk; jpUg;jp milfpNwd;. Vida kdpju;fs; NfhgkiltJ
Nghy; ehDk; Nfhgkilfpd;Nwd;= vd egp (]y;yy;yh`{

22
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpajhf md]; gpd; khypf;
(uopay;yh`{ md;`{) mtu;fs; $Wfpd;whu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 6570)

9
9772
~ehd; xU kdpjd;. ve;j xU K];ypKf;Fk; ehd;
rgpj;jpUe;jhy; my;yJ VrpapUe;jhy; (,with) mijf;
$ypahfTk;> gupRj;jkhfTk; khw;wp tpLthahf= vd;W egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
gpuhu;j;jpj;jhu;fs;. vd M<\h (uopay;yh`{ md;`h)
mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
(K];ypk; : 6557)

7674
6670
~ehd; xU kdpjd;. xU (ngha;) thjp> jdJ
thjj;jpwikapdhy; mtd; cz;ik $Wfpwhd; vd epidj;J
mtDf;Fr; rhu;ghf ehd; jPu;g;gspf;fyhk; mt;thW ngwg;gl;l
gpwupd; cupik> eufj;jpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l neUg;Gj;
jdyhFk;= vd egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; $wpajhf ck;K ]ykh (uopay;yh`{ md;`h)
mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 2458> K];ypk; 4450)
,e;j Mjhuq;fs; %ykhf egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; kdpj ,ay;G> gof;fq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy;
vq;fisg; Nghd;w kdpju; vd;gJk;> t`p vd;w ,iw J}J
%yk; vq;fistpl;Lk; NtWgl;L my;yh`;tplj;jpy; cau;e;j
me;j];ij mile;Js;shu;fs; vd;gJk; t`p %yk;
md;dhUf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fs; khj;jpuNk vq;fSf;F
khu;f;fkhf;fg;gl;lit vd;gJk; njspthfpwJ. vdNt egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; kdpj ,ay;G>
gof;fq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; nra;j xU tplaj;ij xU egu;
23
tzf;fkhfr; nra;jhy;> ntspuq;fj;jpy; mtu; egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fisg;
gpd;gw;Wtjhfj; Njhd;wpdhYk; ahju;j;jj;jpy; gpj;mj; xd;iwr;
nra;tjhfNt fzpf;fg;gLk;.
71
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
khu;f;fkhf;fg;gl;l tplaq;fspy; vq;fSf;F Kd;khjpupahf
cs;shu;fs; vd;gij ,j;jpUtrdk; czu;j;JfpwJ. ,q;Nf
khu;f;f tplaq;fs; vd;W $Wk; NghJ> flikahff;fg;gl;l
(th[g;)> tpUk;gj;jf;f (K];j`g;) mDkjpf;fg;gl;l (Kgh`;)
tplaq;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;. egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; th[pghd tplaq;fisr; nra;Jk;>
K];j`g;ghd tplaq;fisr; nra;Jk; vq;fSf;F
Kd;khjpupahf ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy;> Kgh`hd
tplaq;fspy; xd;whd> kdpj ,ay;Gfs;> tpUg;Gfisr;
nra;Jk; vq;fSf;F Kd;khjpupahf ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
mofpa Kd;khjpup vd;gjpy; th[pg;> K];j`g; kl;Lky;y>
Kgh`; vd;gJk; mlq;Fk;. Mdhy; egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;l ehd;fpw;F
Nkw;gl;l ngz;fisj; jpUkzk; nra;jy; Nghd;w tpN\l
ryiffs;> (f]hap];) mofpa Kd;khjpup vd;gjpy;
mlq;fhJ.

646
6670

7768 7826
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; xl;lfj;ij
mku;j;jpa ,lj;jpy; ,g;D cku; (uopay;yh`{ md;`h)
jq;fspd; xl;lfj;ij mku;j;jpdhu;fs; vd;gJk;> egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; $wpaJk;
Kgh`; (MFk;) vd;gijf; Fwpf;FNk jtpu tzf;fk; my;yJ
K];j`g; (tpUk;gj;jf;fJ) vd;gjpy; mlq;fhJ.

24
(,g;D cku; : G`hup : 5369> K];ypk; : 5293> md]; G`hup : 1532>
K];ypk; : 3269)
Vnddpy;> Vida Mapuf;fzf;fhd ]`hghf;fs; egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; kdpj ,ay;G>
gof;fk; Nghd;w tplaq;fis mNjNghd;W nra;atpy;iy.
gpugy;akhd ebfu;fs;> ghlfu;fs; mzptJ Nghd;W
thypgu;fSk; mzptJ Nghy; Vd; vq;fs; egpia ehq;fs;
gpd;gw;wf; $lhJ vd rpyu; Nfs;tp vOg;Gfpd;wdu;. ehq;fs;
mzpaf; $lhJ vdf; $wtpy;iy mt;thW mzptJ
tzf;fk;> mJ ,];yhkpa cil vd;W tpthjpg;gijNa
vjpu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. mLj;jjhf ,];yhj;Jf;F mg;ghw;gl;l
egu;fis ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fSf;F Kd;khjpupahff;
nfhs;tJ mofy;y. NkYk;> Fu;Md;> `jP]{f;F Kuzhf
mikAk;> ]`hgpapd; $w;W nray; Mfpaitfis
Mjhuj;Jf;F vLf;f KbahJ vd;gJ ,khk;fs; kj;jpay;
VNfhgpj;j KbthFk;.
tzf;fk; gof;fk; ,uz;Lf;Fk; ,lk;ghd nra;iffs;.
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; nra;j
nray; xd;W> md;dhutu;fs; tzf;fuPjpahfr; nra;jhu;fsh?
my;yJ re;ju;g;g #o;epiyf;Nfw;g nra;jhu;fsh? vd;gjpy;>
rpy Neuq;fspy; mwpQu;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghL
Vw;gLtJ cz;L.

649
cjhuzkhf ~egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; nghUehs; njhOiff;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ> NtnwhU
ghij topahfTk; tUthu;fs;= vd [hgpu; (uopay;yh`{
md;`{) mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 986)
Nkw;gb nraiy egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; tzf;f uPjpahfr; nra;jhu;fs;> ehKk; mJ Nghy
nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd khypf;> \hgp<> m`;kj; (u`;kJy;yh`p
miy`pk;) Nghd;w ,khk;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;. Mdhy;
cwtpdu;fs;> ez;gu;fis ngUehs; jpdk; re;jpg;gjw;fhf>

25
ghijia khw;wpapUf;fyhk;> ehKk; mt;thW nra;a
Ntz;bajpy;iy vd NtW rpy ,khk;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;.
,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; `jP]{ld; njhlu;Gs;s #o;epiy
Mjhuq;fis ikakhf itj;Jj;jhd; tzf;fj;jpy; NrUkh
my;yJ gof;fj;jpy; NrUkh vd;w Kbit vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thwhd Mjuq;fs; fpilf;fhtpby;> ve;j xU KbTk;
vLf;fhky; ,Ug;gJ ed;W.
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; nraw;ghLfspy;
Nru;f;fg;gLgitfs; vit?
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
nraw;ghLfspy; gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; mlq;Fk; :
1. my; ,\hu (ifiaf; fhl;Ljy;).

677 944
~egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
Neha;tha;g;gl;l NghJ tPl;by; ,Ue;j tz;zk; njhOjhu;fs;.
mtu;fisg; gpd;njhlu;e;J rpyu; epd;W njhOjdu;. ,Ue;J
njhOkhW mtu;fis Nehf;fp egpatu;fs; ifiaf;
fhl;bdhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 688> K];ypk; : 925)
2. my; fpjhg`; (vOJjy;). ]fhj; Vida \uPmj;
rl;lq;fs; rk;ge;jkhf egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p
t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; jdJ ftu;du;fSf;F vOjpa
Xiyfs;.

3. mj;ju;f; (nra;ahky; tpLjy;).

7076 646
,g;D mg;gh]; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{kh) mtu;fs;
$Wfpwhu;fs; ~egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fs; Nehd;Gg; ngUehs; jpdk; ntspNawp ,uz;L
26
uf;mj;Jfs; njhOjhu;fs;. (Mdhy;) Ke;jpa> gpe;jpa
(]{d;dj;jhd) njhOiffisj; njhotpy;iy.
(G`hup : 989> K];ypk; : 2054)
4. my; `k; (nra;aKide;J nra;ahky; tply;).

1640 966
mg+`{iuuh (uopay;yh`{ md;`{) $Wfpwhu;fs;
~njhOifia [khmj;Jld; njhohjtu;fspd; tPLfis vupf;f
epidj;Jk; nra;ahJ tpl;L tpl;Nld;=.
(G`hup : 644> K];ypk; : 1480)
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; mq;ff
P huk;
vd;why; vd;d?
egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
mq;ff
P huj;ijg; gpd;tUk; Kiwfspy; mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.
m) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
Kd;dpiyapy; ,t;thW nra;Njd;> ehd; ,t;thW
$wpNdd;> ,d;dhu; egpfshu; Kd;dpiyapy; ,t;thW
nra;jhu;> ,t;thW $wpdhu;> egpfshu; mJ gw;wp
vt;tpj mjpUg;jpAk; njuptpf;f tpy;iy vd xU
]`hgp mwptpg;gjhFk;.

7018 9727
,g;D mg;gh]; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{kh) mtu;fs;
$Wfpwhufs; ~ck;K `{igj; vd;w ngz;kdp egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fSf;F
ghyhilf;fl;b> nea;> cLk;G Mfpaitfis md;gspg;ghf
toq;fpdhu;fs;. nea;> ghyhilf;fl;b vd;gtw;wpypUe;J
27
rhg;gpl;lhu;fs;. mUtUg;ngdf; fUjp cLk;ig rhg;gplhky;
tpl;L tpl;lhu;fs;. Mdhy; mNj kuitapy; Vidatu;fs;
cLk;igr; rhg;gpl;lhu;fs;. cLk;G `uhkhapUe;jhy;
egpatu;fs; kuitapy; ahUk; rhg;gpl;bUf;f khl;lhu;fs;.
(G`hup : 2575> K];ypk; : 5013)
,t;tifahd egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fspd; mq;ffP huj;ij Mjhukhff; nfhs;syhk; vd;gjpy;
,khk;fs; kj;jpay; fUj;J NtWghL fpilhaJ. ,ij rpy
Fu;md; trdq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

72
~my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! ckJ ,ul;rfdplkpUe;J cq;fSf;F
,wf;fp itf;fg;gl;lij vj;jp itg;gPuf
; shf> ePq;fs; mt;thW
nra;ahtpbd; mtdJ J}ij vj;jptij;jtu;fshf khl;Bu;fs;>
my;yh`; cq;fis kdpju;fsplkpUe;J ghJfhg;ghd;.
(my; kh,j`; : 67)

172

~ mtiug; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fis ed;ikiaf; nfhz;L

fl;lisapLgtu;fs;> jPikia tpl;Lk; jLg;ghu;fs;=.
(my; m/uhg; : 157)
my;yh`;thy; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gl;l egp ahUf;Fk; gag;gl
khl;lhu; vd;gJk;> jPikiaf; fhZkplj;jpy; nksdk;
rhjpf;fhky; mijj; jLg;ghu; vd;gJk; ,t;tpU jpU
trdq;fspypUe;Jk; njspthfpwJ.
M) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;j xU tplak; md;dhUf;Fj;
njupate;jJk;> mijg; gw;wp mtu;fs; Ml;Nrgid
njuptpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjhFk;. ,t;tifahd
mq;ff
P huKk; Mjhuj;jpw;F cupajhFk;.

8769

28
~ehq;fs; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;
fhyj;jpy ~m];y;= (fu;g;gg; igapy; tpe;J ,wq;fhky;
jLj;jy;) nra;J nfhz;bUe;Njhk;> ,J egpatu;fSf;F
vl;baJ> md;dtu;fs; vq;fisj; jLf;ftpy;iy=.
(K];ypk; : 3546)
,) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fsd;
fhyj;jpNy ,t;thW ehq;fs; $wpf; nfhz;bUe;Njhk;>
nra;J nfhz;bUe;Njhk;> kf;fs; egp (]y;yy;yh`{
miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,t;thW
nrhy;ypf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;> nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;
vd;W xU ]`hgp $WtjhFk;.
,ijg; ngUk;ghyhd ,khk;fs; mq;ff P hukhff;
fzpj;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. Vnddpy; gutyhf ,lk; ngwf; $ba
tplaq;fs; egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;)
mtu;fSf;F vl;bapUf;f ngUk; tha;g;G cz;L
vd;gjpdhyhFk;.

8977
,g;D cku; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{kh) mtu;fs; $Wfpwhu;fs;
~kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ahu;> ahiutplr; rpwe;jtu; vd;gij egp
(]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs; fhyj;jpy;
Ngrpf;nfhs;Sk; NghJ mg+ gf;u; mtu;fisAk; gpd;G cku;
mtu;fisAk; gpd;G c];khd; (uopay;yh`{ md;`{k;)
mtu;fisAk; Nkd;ikg; gLj;Jgtu;fshf ,Ue;Njhk;=.
(G`hup : 3655)
<) egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
fhyg;gFjpapy; vdf; Fwpg;gplhky;> ehq;fs; nra;J
nfhz;bUe;Njhk;> mtu;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs; vd;W
xU ]`hgp $WtjhFk;.
,ij (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fspd;
mq;ffP hukhff; fzpj;J Mjhukhff; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gJ
G`hup> K];ypk;> `hfpk; Nghd;w mjpfkhd `jP]f ; iy
ty;Ydu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;. Vnddpy;> xU ]`hgp ,J
Nghd;w tplaq;fis \uPmj; rl;lj;jpd; Mjhukhff; $Wk;
gl;rj;jpy;> egp (]y;yy;yh`{ miy`p t]y;yk;) mtu;fs;

29
mitfis mwpe;J mq;ff
P huk; toq;fpapUg;ghu;fs;
vd;gJjhd; kpifg;ghd vz;zkhFk;.
879

ck;K mjpa;a vd;w ]`hgpg; ngz;kdp gpd;tUkhW

$Wfpwhu;fs; ~(khjtplha; Vw;glhj fhyg; gFjpapy;
njd;gLfpd;w) fUg;G> kQ;rSf;F rhilahf cs;s ePiu
ehq;fs; khjtplhahff; fzpf;fhjtu;fshf ,Ue;Njhk;=.
(G`hup : 326)

,d;\h my;yh`; njhlUk; .........

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7008

32