C3 Past Trig Questions

1. (a) Show that

sin 2
tan
1 cos 2
(2)

(b) Hence find, for -180 < 180, all the solutions of

2 sin 2
1
1 cos 2

Give your answers to 1 decimal place.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

2. (a) Express 2 sin 1.5 cos in the form R sin ( ), where R > 0 and 0 < < .
2

Give the value of to 4 decimal places.

(3)

(b) (i) Find the maximum value of 2 sin 1.5 cos .

(ii) Find the value of , for 0 < , at which this maximum occurs.
(3)

Tom models the height of sea water, H metres, on a particular day by the equation

4 t 4 t
H 6 2 sin 1.5 cos , 0 t 12,
25 25

where t hours is the number of hours after midday.

(c) Calculate the maximum value of H predicted by this model and the value of t, to 2 decimal places,
when this maximum occurs.
(3)
 (d) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the times when the height of sea water is predicted, by this model,
to be 7 metres.
(6)
(Total 15 marks)

1
3. (a) Express 5 cos x 3 sin x in the form R cos(x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < .
2
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, solve the equation

5 cos x 3 sin x = 4

for 0 x < 2 ,giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 9 marks)

4. Solve
2
cosec 2x cot 2x = 1

for 0 x 180.
(Total 7 marks)

2 2 2 2
5. (a) Use the identity cos + sin = 1 to prove that tan = sec 1.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 < 360, the equation

2 2
2 tan + 4 sec + sec = 2
(6)
(Total 8 marks)
6. (a) Use the identity cos(A + B) = cosA cosB sinA sinB, to show that
2
cos 2A = 1 2sin A
(2)

The curves C1 and C2 have equations

C1: y = 3sin 2x

2
C2: y = 4 sin x 2cos 2x

(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points where C1 and C2 intersect satisfy the equation

4cos 2x + 3sin 2x = 2
(3)

(c) Express 4cos2x + 3sin 2x in the form R cos(2x ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90, giving the value
of to 2 decimal places.
(3)

(d) Hence find, for 0 x < 180, all the solutions of

4cos 2x + 3sin 2x = 2

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(4)
(Total 12 marks)

7. (a) Write down sin 2x in terms of sin x and cos x.

(1)

(b) Find, for 0 < x < , all the solutions of the equation

cosec x 8 cos x = 0

giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 6 marks)
8. (a) (i) By writing 3 = (2 + ), show that
3
sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin .
(4)

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, for 0 , solve
3
3
8 sin 6 sin + 1 = 0.

Give your answers in terms of .

(5)

(b) Using sin( ) sin cos cos sin , or otherwise, show that

1
sin 15 ( 6 2 ).
4
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

9. (a) Express 3 cos + 4 sin in the form R cos( ), where R and are constants, R > 0 and 0 < <
90.
(4)

(b) Hence find the maximum value of 3 cos + 4 sin and the smallest positive value of for which
this maximum occurs.
(3)

The temperature, f (t), of a warehouse is modelled using the equation

f(t) = 10 + 3 cos(15t) + 4 sin(15t),

where t is the time in hours from midday and 0 t < 24.

(c) Calculate the minimum temperature of the warehouse as given by this model.
(2)
 (d) Find the value of t when this minimum temperature occurs.
(3)
(Total 12 marks)

10. f(x) = 5cosx + 12sinx

Given that f(x) = Rcos(x ), where R > 0 and 0 ,
2

(a) find the value of R and the value of to 3 decimal places.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

5 cosx + 12sinx = 6

for 0 x < 2.
(5)

(c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5cosx + 12sinx.

(1)

(ii) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

2 2 2 2
11. (a) Given that sin + cos 1, show that 1 + cot cosec .
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 < 180, the equation

2
2cot 9cosec = 3,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)
12. (a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity

cos(A + B) cosA cosB sin A sinB

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(4)

(b) (i) Prove that

cos x 1 sin x
2 sec x, x ( 2n 1) .
1 sin x cos x 2
(4)

(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2, all the solutions of

cos x 1 sin x
4.
1 sin x cos x
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

13. (a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin(x + ) where R > 0 and 0 < < .
2
(4)

4
(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x) .
(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2, the equation

3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1,

giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(5)
(Total 11 marks)
14. (a) Prove that

sin cos
2cosec 2 , 90n.
cos sin
(4)

(b) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = 2 cosec 2 for 0 < < 360.

O 90 1 8 0 270 3 6 0

(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < < 360, the equation

sin cos
3,
cos sin

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 12 marks)

15. (a) By writing sin 3 as sin (2 + ), show that

3
sin 3 = 3sin 4sin .
(5)
 3
(b) Given that sin = , find the exact value of sin 3.
4
(2)
(Total 7 marks)

16.

The diagram above shows an oscilloscope screen.

The curve shown on the screen satisfies the equation

y 3 cos x sin x.

(a) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = Rsin(x + ), where R and are constants, R > 0

and 0 < < .
2
(4)

(b) Find the values of x, 0 x < 2, for which y = 1.

(4)
(Total 8 marks)
17. (i) Prove that
2 2 2 2
sec x cosec x tan x cot x.
(3)

(ii) Given that

y = arccos x, 1 x 1, and 0 y

(a) express arcsin x in terms of y.

(2)

(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of .

(1)
(Total 6 marks)

2 2 2 2
18. (a) Using sin + cos 1, show that cosec cot 1.
(2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that

4 4 2 2
cosec cot cosec + cot .
(2)

(c) Solve, for 90 < < 180,

4 4
cosec cot = 2 cot .
(6)
(Total 10 marks)

3
19. (a) Given that cos A , where 270 < A < 360, find the exact value of sin 2A.
4
(5)

(b) (i) Show that cos 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x
3 3
(3)
 Given that

y 3 sin 2 x cos 2 x cos 2 x ,
3 3

dy
(ii) show that sin 2 x
dx
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

20. (a) Show that

cos 2 x
(i) cos x sin x, x ( n 14 ) , n
cos x sin x
(2)

(ii) 1
2
(cos 2 x sin 2 x) cos 2 x cos x sin x 12
(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation

cos 2 1
cos
cos sin 2

can be written as

sin 2 = cos 2.
(3)

(c) Solve, for 0 2,

sin 2 = cos 2,

giving your answers in terms of .

(4)
(Total 12 marks)
21. (a) Differentiate with respect to x
2 3x+2
(i) xe ,
(4)

cos(2 x 3 )
(ii) .
3x
(4)

dy
(b) Given that x = 4 sin(2y + 6), find in terms of x.
dx
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

22. f(x) = 12 cos x 4 sin x.

Given that f(x) = R cos(x + ), where R 0 and 0 90,

(a) find the value of R and the value of .

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos x 4 sin x = 7

for 0 x 360, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(5)

(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x 4 sin x.

(1)

(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this minimum value
occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

23. (a) Given that 2 sin( + 30) = cos( + 60), find the exact value of tan .
(5)
 (b) (i) Using the identity cos (A + B) cos A cos B sin A sin B, prove that

2
cos 2A 1 2 sin A.
(2)

(ii) Hence solve, for 0 x < 2,

cos 2x = sin x,

giving your answers in terms of .

(5)

(iii) Show that sin 2y tan y + cos 2y 1, for 0 y < 1

2 .
(3)
(Total 15 marks)

2 2 2 2
24. (a) Given that sin + cos 1, show that 1 + tan sec .
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 < 360, the equation

2
2 tan + sec = 1,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)
(Total 8 marks)

25. (a) Using the identity cos(A + B) cosA cosB sinA sinB, prove that

2
cos 2A 1 2 sin A.
(2)

(b) Show that

2 sin 2 3 cos 2 3 sin + 3 sin (4 cos + 6 sin 3).

(4)
 (c) Express 4 cos + 6 sin in the form R sin( + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 12 .
(4)

(d) Hence, for 0 < , solve

2 sin 2 = 3(cos 2 + sin 1),

giving your answers in radians to 3 significant figures, where appropriate.

(5)
(Total 15 marks)

26.

B G F C

2 cm 2 cm

D E

2 cm 2 2 cm

This diagram shows an isosceles triangle ABC with AB = AC = 4 cm and BAC = 2 .

The mid-points of AB and AC are D and E respectively. Rectangle DEFG is drawn, with F and G on BC.
The perimeter of rectangle DEFG is P cm.

(a) Show that DE = 4 sin .

(2)

(b) Show that P = 8 sin + 4 cos.

(2)

(c) Express P in the form R sin( + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < .
2
(4)
 Given that P = 8.5,

(d) find, to 3 significant figures, the possible values of .

(5)
(Total 13 marks)

27. (a) Sketch, on the same axes, in the interval 0 x 180, the graphs of

y = tan x and y = 2 cos x,

showing clearly the coordinates of the points at which the graphs meet the axes.
(4)

(b) Show that tan x = 2 cos x can be written as

2
2 sin x + sin x 2 = 0.
(3)

(c) Hence find the values of x, in the interval 0 x 180, for which tan x = 2 cos x.
(4)
(Total 11 marks)

3
28. (i) Given that sin x = , use an appropriate double angle formula to find the exact value of sec 2x.
5
(4)

(ii) Prove that

n
cot 2x + cosec 2x cot x, (x ,n ).
2
(4)
(Total 8 marks)
29. (i) (a) Express (12 cos 5 sin ) in the form R cos ( + ), where R > 0 and
0 < < 90.
(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos 5 sin = 4,

for 0 < < 90, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.

(3)

(ii) Solve

8 cot 3 tan = 2,

for 0 < < 90, giving your answer to 1 decimal place.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)

30. (a) Prove that

1 tan 2
cos 2 .
1 tan 2
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove

2
tan = 3 22.
8
(5)
(Total 9 marks)
 3
31. (i) Given that cos(x + 30) = 3 cos(x 30), prove that tan x = .
2
(5)

1 cos 2
(ii) (a) Prove that tan .
sin 2
(3)

(b) Verify that = 180 is a solution of the equation sin 2 = 2 2 cos 2.

(1)

(c) Using the result in part (a), or otherwise, find the other two solutions, 0 < < 360, of
the equation sin 2 = 2 2 cos 2.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

32. (a) Express sin x + 3 cos x in the form R sin (x + ), where R > 0 and 0 < < 90.
(4)

(b) Show that the equation sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form

sin x + 3 cos x = 2 sin 2x.

(3)

(c) Deduce from parts (a) and (b) that sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 can be written in the form

sin 2x sin (x + 60) = 0.

(1)

X Y X Y
(d) Hence, using the identity sin X sin Y = 2 cos sin , or otherwise, find the values
2 2
of x in the interval 0 x 180, for which sec x + 3 cosec x = 4.
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

33. On separate diagrams, sketch the curves with equations

(a) y = arcsin x, 1 x 1,

(b) y = sec x, x , stating the coordinates of the end points
3 3
of your curves in each case.
(4)

Use the trapezium rule with five equally spaced ordinates to estimate the area of the region

bounded by the curve with equation y = sec x, the x-axis and the lines x = and x = , giving
3 3
your answer to two decimal places.
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

34. (a) Prove that for all values of x,

sin x + sin (60 x) sin (60 + x).

(4)

(b) Given that sin 84 sin 36 = sin , deduce the exact value of the acute angle .
(2)

(c) Solve the equation

4 sin 2x + sin (60 2x) = sin (60 + 2x) 1

for values of x in the interval 0 x < 360, giving your answers to one decimal place.
(5)
(Total 11 marks)

35. Find, giving your answers to two decimal places, the values of w, x, y and z for which

w
(a) e = 4,
(2)

(b) arctan x = 1,
(2)
 (c) ln (y + 1) ln y = 0.85
(4)

(d) cos z + sin z = 1

3 , < z < .
(5)
(Total 13 marks)

36. (a) Using the formulae

sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B,

cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B,

show that

(i) sin (A + B) sin (A B) = 2 cos A sin B,

(2)

(ii) cos (A B) cos (A + B) = 2 sin A sin B.

(2)

(b) Use the above results to show that

sin( A B ) sin( A B )
= cot A.
cos( A B ) cos( A B )
(3)

Using the result of part (b) and the exact values of sin 60 and cos 60,

(c) find an exact value for cot 75 in its simplest form.

(4)
(Total 11 marks)

37. In a particular circuit the current, I amperes, is given by

I = 4 sin 3 cos , > 0,

where is an angle related to the voltage.

Given that I = R sin ( ), where R > 0 and 0 < 360,

 (a) find the value of R, and the value of to 1 decimal place.
(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation 4 sin 3 cos = 3 to find the values of between
0 and 360.
(5)

(c) Write down the greatest value for I.

(1)

(d) Find the value of between 0 and 360 at which the greatest value of I occurs.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)

2 sin cos
38. (a) M1
1 2 cos 2 1

2 sin cos
tan (as required) AG A1 cso 2
2 cos cos
Note
M1: Uses both a correct identity for sin 2 and a correct identityfor cos2 .
2
Also allow a candidate writing 1+cos2 =2cos on the denominator.
Also note that angles must be consistent in when candidates apply
these identities.
A1: Correct proof. No errors seen.
 1
(b) 2 tan 1 tan M1
2
1 awrt 26.6 A1

2 awrt 153.4o A1 3
Note

st 1
1 M1 for either 2tan = 1 or tan = , seen or implied.
2
A1: awrt 26.6
A1ft: awrt 153.4 or 2 = 180 + 1

Special Case: For candidate solving, tan = k, where, k 12 , to give

1 and 2 = 180 + 1, then award M0A0B1 in part (b).
Special Case: Note that those candidates who writes tan = 1, and
gives ONLY two answers of 45 and 135 that are inside the range
will be awarded SC M0A0B1.
[5]

39. (a) R 6.25 or 2.5 B1

tan 1.5
2
3
4
awrt 0.6435 M1 A1 3
Note
B1: R = 2.5 or R = 6.25 . For R = 2.5, award B0.
1.5
M1: tan = or tan = 12.5
2
A1: = awrt 0.6435

(b) (i) Max Value 2.5 B1ft

(ii) sin 0.6435 1 or their

2 ;
awrt 2.21 M1; A1ft 3
Note
B1 : 2.5 or follow through the value of R in part (a).
M1: For sin ( their ) = 1
A1 : awrt 2.21 or 2 + their rounding correctly to 3 sf.
(c) H Max 8.5 (m) B1ft
4 t 4 t
sin 0.6435 1 or their (b) answer ;
25 25
t awrt 4.41 M1; A1 3
Note
B1 : 8.5 or 6 + their R found in part (a) as long as the answer is
greater than 6.
4t 4t
M1: sin their = 1 or = their (b) answer
25 25
1
A1: For sin (0.4) This can be implied by awrt 4.41 or awrt 4.40.

4 t
(d) 6 2.5sin 0.6435 7 ;
25
4 t 1
sin 0.6435 0.4 M1; M1
25 2.5
4 t
0.6435 sin 1 (0.4) or awrt 0.41 A1
25
Either t awrt 2.1 or awrt 6.7 A1
4 t
So, 0.6435 0.411517... or 2.730076...c ddM1
25
Times 14 : 06, 18 : 43 A1 6

Note
4t
M1: 6 + (their R) sin their = 7, M1:
25
4t 1
their =
25 their R
1
A1: For sin (0.4). This can be implied by awrt 0.41 or awrt 2.73 or other
values for different s. Note this mark can be implied by seeing 1.055.
A1: Either t = awrt 2.1 or t = awrt 6.7
c
ddM1: either their PV . Note that this mark is dependent upon the
two M marks.
This mark will usually be awarded for seeing either 2.730 or 3.373
A1: Both t = 14 : 06 and t = 18 : 43 or both 126 (min) and 403 (min) or
both 2 hr 6 min and 6 hr 43 min.
[15]
40. (a) 5cosx 3sin x = R cos(x + ), R > 0, 0 < x< 2
5cosx 3sinx = Rcos x cos R sin x sin
Equate cos x: 5 = R cos
Equate sin x: 3 = R sin

R 5 2 3 2 ; 34 5.83095...
2 2 2
R =5 +3 M1;

34 or awrt 5.8 A1

tan = 3
5
0.5404195003...c tan = 53 or tan 53 or

sin = 3
their R
or
cos = their5 R or M1
= awrt 0.54 or = awrt 0.17 or

or A1 4
awrt 5.8

Hence, 5cos x 3sin x = 34 cos x 0.5404

(b) 5cos x 3sin x = 4

34 cos x 0.5405 4
cos(x + 0.5404) =
4 4
0.68599... cos(x their ) = M1
34 their R
c 1
(x + 0.5404) = 0.814826916... For applying cos
4
M1
their R
c c
x = 0.2744... awrt 0.27 A1
c
(x + 0.5404) = 2 0.814826916...
c
{ = 5.468358... } 2 their 0.8148 ddM1
c c
x = 4.9279... awrt 4.93 A1 5
Hence, x = {0.27, 4.93}
Note
If there are any EXTRA solutions inside the range 0 x < 2,
then withhold the final accuracy mark if the candidate would
otherwise score all 5 marks. Also ignore EXTRA solutions
outside the range 0 x < 2 .
[9]
 2
41. cosec 2x cot 2x = 1, (eqn *)
0 x 180
2 2
Using cosec 2x = 1 + cot 2x gives Writing down or using
2 2
cosec 2x = 1 cot 2x M1
2 2 2
1 + cot 2x cot 2x = 1 or cosec = 1 cot
2
cot 2x cot 2x = 0 or
2 2
cot 2x = cot 2x For either cot 2x cot 2x{=0}
2
or cot 2x = cot 2x A1
cot 2x(cot 2x1)= 0 or
cot 2x = 1 Attempt to factorise or solve a
quadratic (See rules for
factorising quadratics) or
cancelling out cot 2x from both
sides. dM1
cot 2x = 0 or cot 2x = 1 Both cot 2x = 0 and cot 2x = 1. A1

cot 2x = 0 (tan 2x )
2x = 90, 270
Candidate attempts to divide at least
one of their principal anglesby 2.
This will be usually implied by ddM1
seeingx = 22.5 resulting from
cot 2x = 1.
x = 45, 135
cot 2x = 1 tan 2x = 1 2x = 45,
225
x = 22.5, 112.5
Overall, x = {22.5, 45, 112.5, 135} Both x = 22.5 and x = 112.5 A1
Both x = 45 and x = 135 B1
If there are any EXTRA solutions inside the range 0 x 180
and the candidate would otherwise score FULL MARKS then
withhold the final accuracy mark (the sixth mark in this question).
Also ignore EXTRA solutions outside the range 0 x 180 .
[7]
 2 2 2
42. (a) cos +sin = 1 ( cos )
cos 2 sin 2 1 2 2
Dividing cos +sin = 1 by M1
cos cos cos 2
2 2

2
cos to give underlined equation.
2 2
1 + tan = sec
2 2
tan = sec 1 (as required) AG Complete proof. A1 cso 2
No errors seen.

2 2
(b) 2tan + 4sec + sec = 2, (eqn *) 0 < 360
2 2
Substituting tan = sec 1
2 2
2(sec 1) + 4sec + sec = 2 into eqn * to get a M1
quadratic in sec only
2 2
2sec 2 + 4sec + sec = 2
2
3sec + 4sec 4 = 0 Forming a three term one sided M1
quadratic expression in sec .
(sec + 2)(3sec 2) = 0 Attempt to factorise M1
or solve a quadratic.
2
sec = 2 or sec = 3

1 1 2
2 or
cos cos 3
cos 12 ; or cos 32 cos 12 ; A1;

= 120 or = no solutions
1 = 120 120 A1
2 = 240 240 or 2 =360 1 when B1ft 6
solving using cos = ...
= {120, 240} Note the final A1 mark has been
changed to a B1 mark.
[8]
43. (a) A = B cos (A + A) = cos2A = cosAcosA sinAsinA Applies
A = B to cos(A + B) to give the
underlined equation or M1
2 2
cos 2A = cos A sin A
2 2 2 2
cos 2A = cos A sin A and cos A + sin A = 1
gives
2 2 2
cos2A = 1 sin A sin A = 1 2sin A (as required)
Complete proof, with a link between LHS and RHS. A1 AG 2
No errors seen.

C1 = C2 3sin 2x = 4sin x 2cos 2x

2
(b) Eliminating y correctly. M1
Using result in part (a) to
2
substitute for sin x as
1 cos 2 x 1 cos 2 x 2
3 sin 2 x 4 2cos2x or ksin x as
2 2
1 cos 2 x
k to produce an
2
equation in only double angles. M1
3sin 2x = 2(1 cos2x) 2cos2x
3sin 2x = 2 2cos2x 2cos2x
3sin 2x + 4cos2x = 2 Rearranges to give correct result A1 AG 3

(c) 3sin 2x + 4cos 2x = R cos(2x )

3sin2x + 4cos2x = Rcos2xcos + Rsin2xsin
Equate sin 2x: 3 = R sin
Equate cos 2x: 4 = R cos

R 3 2 4 2 ; 25 5 R=5 B1

tan 34 36.86989765... sin 34 or tan 43 or M1

sin their3 R or cos their4 R
awrt 36.87 A1 3
Hence, 3sin 2x + 4cos2x = 5cos(2x 36.87)
 (d) 3sin 2x + 4cos2x = 2
5cos(2x 36.87) = 2
2 2
cos(2x 36.87) = cos(2x their ) = M1
5 their R
(2x 36.87) = 66.42182... awrt 66 A1
(2x 36.87) = 360 66.42182...
Hence, x = 51.64591...o, 165.22409... One of either awrt
51.6 or awrt 51.7 or awrt A1
165.2 or awrt 165.3 Both awrt 51.6
AND awrt 165.2 A1 4
If there are any EXTRA solutions
inside the range 0 x < 180 then
withhold the final accuracy mark.
Also ignore EXTRA solutions
outside the range 0 x <180.
[12]

44. (a) sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x B1 aef 1

 (b) cosec x 8 cos x = 0, 0 < x <
1 1
8 cos x 0 Using cosec x = M1
sin x sin x
1
8 cos x
sin x
1 = 8 sin x cos x
1 = 4(2 sin x cos x)
1 = 4 sin 2x
sin 2 x 14 sin 2x = k, where 1 < k < 1 and M1
k0
sin 2 x 14 A1

Radians 2x = {0.25268..., 2.88891...}

Degrees 2x = {14.4775..., 165.5225...}
Either arwt 7.24 or 82.76 or 0.13
Radians x = {0.12634..., 1.44445...} or 1.44 or 1.45
or awrt 0.04 or A1
Degrees x = {7.23875..., 82.76124...} awrt 0.46.
Both 0.13 and 1.44 A1 cao 5
Solutions for the final two A
marks must be given in x only.
If there are any EXTRA solutions
inside the range 0 < x < then
withhold the final accuracy mark.
Also ignore EXTRA solutions
outside the range 0 < x < .
[6]

45. (a) (i) sin 3 = sin(2 + )

= sin 2 cos + cos 2 sin
2
= 2sin cos.cos + (1 2sin )sin M1 A1
3
= 2sin (1 sin2) + sin 2sin M1
3
= 3sin 4sin cso A1 4
 3
(ii) 8sin 6sin + 1 = 0
2sin3 + 1 = 0 M1 A1
1
sin 3 = M1
2
5
3 ,
6 6
5
, A1 A1 5
18 6

(b) sin15 = sin(60 45) = sin 60cos 45 cos 60sin 45 M1

3 1 1 1
M1 A1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
6 2 ( 6 2) cso A1 4
4 4 4

Alternatives
1 sin15 = sin (45 30) = sin 45cos30 cos 45sin 30 M1
1 3 1 1
M1 A1
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
6 2 ( 6 2) cso A1 4
4 4 4
2 2
Using cos 2 = 1 2sin , cos30 = 1 2sin 15
2

2 3
2sin 15 = 1 cos30 = 1
2

2 2 3
sin 15 = M1 A1
4
2
1 1 2 3
( 6 2) (6 2 2 12 ) M1
4 16 4
1
Hence sin15 = ( 6 2) cso A1 4
4
[13]
 2 2 2
46. (a) R =3 +4 M1
R=5 A1
4
tan = M1
3
= 53... awrt 53 A1 4

(b) Maximum value is 5 ft their R B1 ft

At the maximum, cos( ) = 1 or = 0 M1
= = 53 ... ft their A1 ft 3

(c) f(t) = 10 + 5cos(15t )

Minimum occurs when cos (15t ) = 1 M1
The minimum temperature is (10 5) = 5 A1 ft 2

(d) 15t = 180 M1

t = 15.5 awrt 15.5 M1 A1 3
[12]

2 2 2
47. (a) R = 5 + 12 M1
R = 13 A1
12
tan = M1
5
1.176 cao A1 4

6
(b) cos(x ) = M1
13
6
x = arccos = 1.091 A1
13
x = 1.091... + 1.176 2.267 awrt 2.3 A1
x = 1.091 accept = 5.19 for M M1
x = 1.091 + 1.176 0.0849 awrt 0.084 or 0.085 A1 5

(c) (i) Rmax = 13 ft their R B1ft

(ii) At the maximum, cos (x ) = 1 or x = 0 M1
x = = 1.176 awrt 1.2, ft their A1ft 3
[12]
 2 2
48. (a) sin + cos = 1
2 sin 2 cos 2 1
sin M1
sin sin sin 2
2 2

2 2
1 + cot = cosec * cso A1 2

Alternative

2 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 1

1 + cot = 1 + M1
sin
2
sin
2
sin 2
2
cosec * cso A1

2
(b) 2 (cosec 1) 9 cosec = 3 M1
2 2
2cosec 9 cosec 5 = 0 or 5 sin + 9 sin 2 = 0 M1
(2 cosec + 1) (cosec 5) = 0 or (5 sin 1) (sin + 2) = 0 M1
1
cosec = 5 or sin = A1
5
= 11.5, 168.5 A1A1 6
[8]

49. (a) cos (2x + x) = cos 2x cos x sin 2x sin x M1

2
= (2 cos x 1) cos x (2 sin x cos x) sin x M1
2 2
= (2 cos x 1) cos x 2(1 cos x) cos x any correct expression A1
3
= 4cos x 3cosx A1 4

cos x 1 sin x cos 2 x (1 sin x) 2

(b) (i) M1
1 sin x cos x (1 sin x ) cos x
cos 2 x 1 2 sin x sin 2 x
A1
(1 sin x) cos x
2(1 sin x)
M1
(1 sin x) cos x
2
2 sec x (*) cso A1 4
cos x

1
(c) sec x = 2 or cos x = M1
2
5
x= , accept awrt 1.05, 5.24 A1, A1 3
3 3
[11]
50. (a) Complete method for R: e.g. R cos = 3, R sin = 2, R = (3 2 2 2 ) M1
R = 13 or 3.61 (or more accurate) A1
2 3
Complete method for tan = [Allow tan = ] M1
3 2
= 0.588 (Allow 33.7) A1 4
st
1 M1 for correct method for R
nd
2 M1 for correct method for tan
No working at all: M1A1 for 13, M1A1 for 0.588 or 33.7.
N.B. R cos = 2, R sin = 3 used, can still score M1A1 for R,
but loses the A mark for .
cos = 3, sin = 2: apply the same marking.

4
(b) Greatest value = ( 13 ) = 169 M1, A1 2
4
M1 for realising sin(x + ) = 1, so finding R .

1 1
(c) sin(x + 0.588) = (= 0.27735...) sin(x + their ) = M1
13 their R
(x + 0.588) = 0.281 (03...) or 16.1) A1
(x + 0.588) = 0.28103... M1
Must be their 0.281 or 180 their 16.1
or (x + 0.588) = 2 + 0.28103... M1
Must be 2 + their 0.281 or 360 + their 16.1
x = 2.273 or x = 5.976 (awrt) Both (radian only) A1 5
If 0.281 or 16.1 not seen, correct answers imply this A mark

Alt (i) Squaring to form quadratic in sin x or cos x M1

2 2
[13 cos x 4cosx 8 = 0, 13 sin x 6sinx 3 = 0]
Correct values for cos x = 0.953.... 0.646;
or sinx = 0.767, 2.27 awrt A1
For any one value of cos x or sin x, correct method for
two values of x M1
x = 2.273 or x = 5.976 (awrt) Both seen anywhere A1
Checking other values (0.307, 4.011 or 0.869, 3.449)
and discarding M1
 Alt (ii) Squaring and forming equation of form a cos2x + bsin2x = c
2 2
9sin x + 4cos x + 12sin2x = 1 12sin2x + 5cos2x = 11
Setting up to solve using R formula e.g. 13cos(2x 1.176) = 11 M1
11
(2 x 1.176) cos 1 0.562(0... () A1
13
(2x 1.176) = 2 , 2 + ,................ M1
x = 2.273 or x = 5.976 (awrt) Both seen anywhere A1
Checking other values and discarding M1
[11]

sin cos sin 2 cos 2

51. (a) M1
cos sin cos sin
M1 Use of common denominator to obtain single fraction
1
= M1
cos sin
2 2
M1 Use of appropriate trig identity (in this case sin + cos = 1)
1
= 1 Use of sin 2 = 2sin cos M1
sin 2
2
= 2cosec2 (*) A1cso 4

sin cos 1 tan 2 1

Alt. (a) tan M1
cos sin tan tan
sec 2
= M1
tan
1 1

= cos sin 1 M1
sin 2
2
= 2cosec2 (*) (cso) A1
If show two expressions are equal, need conclusion such as QED, tick true.
 (b)
y

O 90 180 270 360

Shape (May be translated but need to see 4 sections) B1

T.P.s at y = 2, asymptotic at correct x-values
(dotted lines not required) B1dep 2

(c) 2cosec2 = 3
2 2
sin2 = Allow 3 [M1 for equation in sin2] M1, A1
3 sin 2
(2) = [41.810..., 138.189...; 401.810..., 498.189...] M1; M1
st nd
1 M1 for , 180 ; 2 M1 adding 360 to at least one of values M1; M1
= 20.9, 69.1, 200.9, 249.1 (1 d.p.) awrt
st nd
1 A1for any two correct, 2 A1 for other two A1, A1 6
Extra solutions in range lose final A1 only
SC: Final 4 marks: = 20.9, after M0M0 is B1; record as M0M0A1A0

1
Alt. (c) tan 3 and form quadratic, tan2 3tan + 1 = 0 M1, A1
tan
(M1 for attempt to multiply through by tan,
A1 for correct equation above).
3 5
Solving quadratic [tan = 2.618... or = 0.3819...] M1
2
= 69.1, 249.1 = 20.9, 200.9 (1 d.p.) M1, A1, A1
(M1 is for one use of 180 + , A1A1 as for main scheme)
[12]

52. (a) sin 3 = sin (2 + ) = sin 2 cos + cos 2 sin B1

2 2
= 2 sin cos + (1 2 sin ) sin B1B1
3 3
= 2sin 2 sin + sin 2 sin M1
3
= 3 sin 4 sin * cso A1 5
 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 9 3
(b) sin 3 3 4 or exact M1A1 2
4 4 4 16 16

equivalent
[7]

2 2 2
53. (a) R = (3) +1 R = 2 M1A1

tan = 3 = accept awrt 1.05 M1 A1 4
3

1
(b) sin(x + their ) = M1
2
5 13
x + their = , A1
6 6 6
11
xi = , accept awrt 1.57, 5.76 M1 A1 4
2 6
The use of degrees loses only one mark in this question.
Penalise the first time it occurs in an answer and then ignore.
[8]

2 2 2 2
54. (i) sec x cosec x = (1 + tan x) (1 + cot x) M1 A1
2 2
= tan x cot x * cso A1 3
Alternatives
2 2 2 2
sec x tan x = 1 = cosec x cot x M1A1
2 2 2 2
Rearranging sec x cosec x = tan x cot x * cso A1 3
1 1 sin 2 x cos 2 x
LHS
cos 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x
sin 2 x

sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 4 x cos 4 x (sin 2 x cos 2 x)(sin 2 x cos 2 x)
RHS = M1
cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x
A1
cos 2 x sin 2 x
= LHS * or equivalent A1 3

(ii) (a) y = arccos x x = cos y B1

x sin y arcsin x y B1 2
2 2
Accept arcsin x = arcsin cos y

(b) arccos x + arcsin x = y y B1 1
2 2
[6]

2 2 2
55. (a) Dividing sin + cos 1 by sin to give M1
sin 2 cos 2 1

sin sin sin 2
2 2

2 2 2 2
Completion: 1 + cot = cosec cosec cot 1 AG A1* 2

4 4 2 2 2 2
(b) cosec cot (cosec cot )(cosec + cot ) M1
2 2
(cosec + cot ) using (a) AG A1* 2
2 2 4 4
Using LHS = (1 + cot ) cot , using (a) & elim. cot M1,
conclusion {using (a) again} A1*
(1 cos 2 )(1 cos 2 )
Conversion to sines and cosines: needs for M1
sin 4

2 2
(c) Using (b) to form cosec + cot 2 cot M1
Forming quadratic in cot M1
2 2
1 + cot + cot 2 cot {using (a)} M1
2
2cot + cot 1 = 0 A1
Solving: (2 cot 1)(cot + 1 = 0) to cot = M1
1
cot or cot = 1 A1
2
= 135 (or correct value(s) for candidate dep. on 3Ms) A1ft 6
Ignore solutions outside range
Extra solutions in range loses A1ft, but candidate may possibly have
more than one correct solution.
[10]
56. (a) Method for finding sin A M1
7
sin A A1 A1
4
7
First A1 for , exact
4
Second A1 for sign (even if dec. answer given)

Use of sin 2A 2 sin A cos A M1

3 7
sin 2A = or equivalent exact A1ft 5
8
f.t. Requires exact value, dependent on 2nd M

(b) (i) cos 2 x cos 2 x
3 3

cos 2 x cos sin 2 x sin cos 2 x cos sin 2 x sin M1
3 3 3 3

2 cos x cos A1
3
[This can be just written down (using factor formulae) for M1 A1]
= cos2x AG A1* 3

M1 A1 earned, if 2 cos 2 x cos just written down, using factor
3
theorem
Final A1* requires some working after first result.

dy
(b) (ii) 6 sin x cos x 2 sin 2 x B1 B1
dx

or 6 sin x cos x 2 sin 2 x 2 sin 2 x
3 3
= 3sin2x 2sin2x M1
= sin 2x AG A1 4
First B1 for 6 sin x cos x ; second B1 for remaining term(s)
[12]
 2 2
57. (a) (i) cos 2 x cos x sin x M1
cos x sin x cos x sin x
(cos x sin x)(cos x sin x )

cos x sin x
= cos x sin x AG A1 2

(ii) 1 (cos 2x sin 2x) = 1 (2 cos2 x 1 2 sin x cos x) M1, M1

2 2
2 1
= cos x 2 sin x cos x AG A1 3

cos cos 2 1
(b)
cos sin 2

cos (cos sin) = 1 M1

2
2 1
cos cos sin = 2

1 1 1
(cos 2 + 1) sin 2 = M1
2 2 2
1
(cos 2 sin 2)= 0
2
sin 2 = cos 2 AG A1 3

(c) sin 2 = cos 2

tan 2 = 1 M1

2 =
, 5 , 9 , 13 A1 for 1
4 4 4 4

=
, 5 , 9 , 13 M1 (4 solns)
8 8 8 8
A1 4
[12]

d 3x+2 3x+2 2 3x
58. (a) (i) (e ) = 3e (or 3e e ) At any stage B1
dx
dy 2 3x+2 3x+2
= 3x e + 2xe Or equivalent M1 A1+A1 4
dx
 d 3 2 3
(ii) (cos(2x )) = 6x sin(2x ) At any stage M1 A1
dx
dy 18 x 3 sin(2 x 3 ) 3 cos(2 x 3 )
= M1 A1 4
dx 9x 2
Alternatively using the product rule for second M1 A1
1 3
y = (3x) cos(2x )
dy 2 3 2 1 3
= 3(3x) cos(2x ) 6x (3x) sin(2x )
dx
Accept equivalent unsimplified forms

dy dx
(b) 1 = 8 cos(2y + 6) or dy = 8cos(2y + 6) M1
dx
dy 1
= 8 cos(2 y 6) M1 A1
dx

1 1
dy ( )
= 2 M1 A1 5
dx 8 cos arcsin x 2 (16 x )
4
[13]

59. (a) R cos = 12, R sin = 4

2 2
R = (12 + 4 ) = 160 Accept if just written down, awrt 12.6 M1 A1
4
tan = , 18.43 awrt 18.4 M1, A1 4
12

7
(b) cos (x + their ) = ( 0.5534) M1
their R
x + their = 56.4 awrt 56 A1
= ... , 303.6 360 their principal value M1
x = 38.0, 285.2 Ignore solutions out of range A1, A1 5
If answers given to more than 1 dp, penalise first time then
accept awrt above.

(c) (i) minimum value is 160 ft their R B1ft

 (ii) cos (x + their ) = 1 M1
x 161.57 cao A1 3
[12]

60. (a) 2sin( + 30) = cos( + 60)

2sincos30 + 2cossin30 = coscos60 sin sin60 B1B1
2 3 2 1 3
sin + cos = cos sin M1
2 2 2 2
1
Finding tan, tan = or equiva. Exact M1,A1 5
3 3

2 2
(b) (i) Setting A = B to give cos 2A = cos A sin A M1
2 2 2
Correct completion:= (1 sin A) sin A = 1 2sin A A1 2
Need to see intermediate step above for A1

2
(ii) Forming quadratic in sinx [2 sin x + sin x 1 = 0] M1
Solving [(2 sin x 1)(sinx + 1) = 0 or formula] M1
[sin = or sin = 1]
5
= , ; A1,A1ft
6 6
A1ft for
3
= A1 5
2

sin y 2
(iii) LHS = 2siny cosy + (1 2 sin y) B1M1
cos y
sin y
B1 use of tany = , M1 forming expression in siny,
cos y
cosy only
2 2
Completion: = 2 sin y + (1 2 sin y) = 1 AG A1 3
sin 2 y sin y cos 2 y cos y
[Alternative: LHS = B1M1
cos y
cos(2 y y )
= = 1 A1]
cos y
[15]
 2 sin 2 cos 2 1
61. (a) Dividing by cos : M1
cos cos cos 2
2 2

2 2
Completion: 1 + tan sec A1 2
(no errors seen)

2 2 2
(b) use of 1 + tan = sec : 2(sec 1) + sec = 1 M1
2
[2sec + sec 3 = 0]
Factorising or solving: (2 sec + 3)(sec 1) = 0
3
[sec = or sec = 1]
2
=0 B1
2
cos = ; 1 = 131.8 M1 A1
3
2 = 228.2 A1 ft 6
[A1ft for 2 = 360 1]
[8]

2 2 2 2
62. (a) cos 2A = cos A sin A (+ use of cos A + sin A 1) M1
2 2 2
= (1 sin A); sin A = 1 2sin A (*) A1 2

2
(b) 2sin 2 3cos 2 3sin + 3 4sin; 3(1 2sin ) 3sin + 3 B1; M1
2
4sin cos + 6sin 3sin M1
sin(4cos + 6sin 3) (*) A1 4

(c) 4cos + 6sin Rsincos + Rcos sin

Complete method for R (may be implied by correct answer)
2 2 2
[R = 4 + 6 , Rsin = 4, Rcos = 6] M1
R = 52 or 7.21 A1
Complete method for ; = 0.588 M1 A1 4
(allow 33.7)

(d) sin(4cos + 6sin 3) = 0 M1

=0 B1
3
sin( + 0.588) = = 0.4160.. (24.6) M1
52
+ 0.588 = (0.4291), 2.7125 [or + 33.7 = (24.6), 155.4] dM1
= 2.12 cao A1 5
[15]
63. (a) Complete method for DE [e.g. split triangle ADE and sin,
or sine or cos rule] M1
DE = 4 sin (*) ( c.s.o.) A1(*) 2

(b) P = 2 DE + 2EF or equivalent. With attempt at EF M1

= 8sin + 4cos (*) ( c.s.o.) A1(*) 2

(c) 8sin + 4cos = R sin ( + )

= R sin cos + R cos sin
Method for R, method for M1 M1
nd
need to use tan for 2 M

[R cos = 8, R sin = 4 tan = 0.5, R = (8 2 4 2 ]

R = 4 5 or 8.94, = 0.464 (allow 26.6), A1 A1 4

awrt 0.464

1 8.5
(d) Using candidates R sin ( + ) = 8.5 to give ( + ) = sin M1
R

1 8.5
Solving to give = sin , = 0.791 (allow 45.3) M1 A1
R

1 8.5
Considering second angle: + = (or 180) sin ; M1
R
= 1.42 (allow 81.6) A1 5
[13]

5
4
3
2
1
64. (a) 45 90 135 180
1
2
3
4
5

Tangent graph shape M1

180 indicated A1
Cosine graph shape M1
2 and 90 indicated A1 4
Allow separate sketches.
 sin x 2
(b) Using tan x = and multiplying both sides by cos x. (sinx = 2cos x) M1
cos x
2 2
Using sin x + cos x = 1 M1
2
2 sin x + sin x 2 = 0 (*) A1 3

1 17
(c) Solving quadratic: sin x = (or equiv.) M1 A1
4
x = 51.3 (3 s.f. or better, 51.33) A1
x = 128.7 (accept 129) (3 s.f. or better) 180 ( 90n) B1ft 4
[11]

65. (i) A correct form of cos 2x used M1

2 2 2 2
3 4 3 4 7
1 2 or or 2 1 A1
5 5 5 5 25
1 25 4
sec 2 x ;= or 3 M1A1 4
cos 2 x 7 7

cos 2 x 1 1 1
(ii) (a) or (b) M1
sin 2 x sin 2 x tan 2 x sin 2 x
Forming single fraction (or ** multiplying both sides by sin2x) M1
Use of correct trig. formulae throughout and producing expression
in terms of sinx and cosx M1
2 cos 2 x cos x
Completion (cso) e.g. = cot x (*) A1 4
2 sin x cos x sin x
[8]
66. (a) (i) 12cos 5sin = Rcoscos Rsinsin.

R
5

12
2 2 2
R = 5 + 12 , R = 13 M1, A1
5
tan = , = 22.6 (AWRT 22.6)
12
C C
or 0.39 (AWRT 0.39 ) M1, A1 4
2
M1 for correct expression for R or R
M1 for correct trig expression for

4
(b) (i) cos( + 22.6) = M1
13
+ 22.6 = 72.1, M1
= 49.5 (only) A1 3
4
M1 cos( + ) =
R
M1 + = ft their R

8
(ii) 3tan = 2 M1
tan
2
i.e. 0 = 3tan + 2tan 8 M1
0 = (3tan 4)(tan + 2) M1
4
tan = or 2
3
4
tan = = 53.1 A1
3
[ignore not in range e.g. = 116.6] A1 5
1
M1 Use of cot =
tan
M1 3TQ in tan = 0
M1 Attempt to solve 3TQ = 0
A1 For Final A mark must deal with tan = 2
[12]
 sin 2 sin 2
1 1
1 tan 2
cos or
2
cos or equivalent
2 M1
67. (a)
1 tan 2 sin 2 sec 2 M1
1
cos 2
cos sin cos 2
2 2
= cos2 (*) M1 A1 4
cos 2 sin 2 1
cso

1
(b) = , cos2 = M1
8 2
2
1 t 1
2
M1
1 t 2
2 2 1
t = M1
2 1
2 1 2 1
= . = 3 2 2 (*) M1 A1 5
2 1 2 1
cso
[9]
Alternative to (b)
2t
= tan2 = 1 M1
1 t2
2
t + 2t 1 = 0 M1
t= 2 1 M1
2 2
t = ( 2 1) = 3 2 2 (*) M1 A1 5
cso

68. (i) cos x cos 30 sin x sin 30 = 3(cos x cos 30 + sin x sin 30) M1
Correct use of cos(x 30)
3 cos x sin x = 33 cos x + 3 sin x M1, A1
Sub. for sin 30 etc
decimals M1, surds A1
3
i.e. 4 sin x = 23 cos x tan x = (*) M1, A1cso 5
2
sin x
Collect terms and use tan x =
cos x
 1 (1 2 sin 2 )
(ii) (a) LHS = M1; A1
2 sin cos
Use of cos 2A or sin 2A; both correct
sin
= = tan (*) A1 cso 3
cos

(b) Verifying: 0 = 2 2 (since sin 360 = 0, cos 360 = 1) B1 cso 1

2(1 cos 2 )
(c) Equation 1 = M1
sin 2
1 cos 2
Rearrange to form
sin 2
tan = 1
2 or cot = 2 A1

i.e. = (26.6 or 206.6) AWRT 27, 207

st
1 solution M1
1
must be tan = or 2
2
(both) A1 4
[13]

Alt 1
2
(c) 2 sin cos = 2 2(1 2 sin ) M1
Use of cos 2A and sin 2A
0 = 2 sin (2 sin cos )

(sin = 0) tan = 1
2 etc, as in scheme A1
 Alt 2
2
(c) 2 cos 2 + sin 2 = 2 cos (2 ) = M1
5
= 22.6 (or 27) A1
2 = 2, 360, 360 + 2
= , 180 + i.e. = 27 or 207 (or 1 dp)
= or 180 + M1
A1 both

69. (a) sin x + 3 cos x = R sin (x + )

= R (sin x cos + cos x sin ) M1
R cos = 1, R sin = 3 A1
Method for R or , e.g. R = (1 + 3) or tan = 3 M1
Both R = 2 and = 60 A1 4

1 3
(b) sec x + 3 cosec x = 4 + =4 B1
cos x sin x
sin x + 3 cos x = 4 sin x cos x M1
= 2 sin 2x (*) M1 3

(c) Clearly producing 2 sin 2x = 2 sin (x + 60) A1 1

3 x 60 x 60
(d) sin 2x sin (x + 60) = 0 cos sin =0 M1
2 2
3 x 60
cos = 0 x = 40, 160 M1 A1 A1 ft
2
x 60
sin = 0 x = 60 B1 5
2
[13]
70. (a)
y

(1 , 2 )
2

1
O x

(1 , 2 )

y = arcsin x
(a) Shape correct
passing through O: G1;
end-points: G1 2

y
( 3 , 2 ) (3 , 2)

O
(b) x

y = sec x

Shape correct,
symmetry in Oy: G1
end-points: G1 2

(c) x 0
3 6 6 3
sec x 2 1.155 1 1.155 2

22
1.155 1 1.155
3
Area estimate = sec x dx = M1 A1 A1
3 6 2
= 2.78 (2 d.p.) A1 4
[8]
71. (a) LHS = sin x + sin 60 cos 60 sin x M1

3 1
= sin x + cos x sin x A1
2 2

RHS = sin 60 cos x + cos 60 sin x M1

3 1
= cos x + sin x = LHS A1 4
2 2

(b) From (a), sin (60 + x) sin (60 x) = sin x

x = 24 sin 84 sin 36 = sin 24 M1
= 24 A1 2

(c) 3 sin 2x + sin 2x + sin (60 2x) = sin (60 + 2x) 1 M1

Using (a), 3 sin 2x = 1 A1
2x = 199.47 or 340.53 M1
x = 99.7, 170.3 A1
or 279.7, 350.3 A1 ft 5
[11]

w
72. (a) e = 0.25 w = 1.39 M1 A1 2
(b) arctan x = 1 x = 0.79 M1 A1 2
y 1 y 1 0.85
(c) ln = 0.85 =e M1 A1
y y

1
= 2.340 1 y = 0.75 M1 A1 4
y

(d) Putting cos z + sin z in the form 2 cos z or equivalent M1 A1
4

1
cos z =
4 3 2
attempt for z M1
z = 2.12, 0.55 A1, A1 ft 5
[13]
73. (a) (i) sin (A + B) sin (A B)
= sin A cos B + sin B cos A sin A cos B + sin B cos A M1
= 2 sin B cos A (*) A1 cso 2
(ii) cos (A B) cos (A + B)
= cos A cos B + sin A sin B cos A cos B + sin A sin B M1
= 2 sin A sin B (*) A1 cso 2

sin A B sin A B 2 sin B cos A

(b) = M1
cos A B sin A B 2 sin A sin B

cos A
= A1
sin A
= cot A (*) A1 cso 3

(c) Let A = 75 and B = 15 B1

sin 90 o sin 60 o
cot 75 o M1
cos 60 o cos 90 o
3
1
cot 75 = 2 =2 M1 A1 4
3
1
0
2
[11]

74. (a) 4 sin 3 cos = R sin cos R cos sin

sin terms give 4 = R cos
cos terms give 3 = R sin
tan = 0.75 M1
o
= 36.9 A1
2 2 2
R = 4 + 3 = 25 R = 5 M1 A1 4
 o
(b) 5 sin ( 36.9 ) = 3
o
sin ( 36.9 ) = 0.6 M1
o o
36.9 = 36.9 , 143.1 A1 M1
o
= 73.7 , 180
awrt 74 A1 A15
(c) Max value 5 B1 1
o
(d) sin ( 36.9 ) = 1 M1
36.9 = 90

= 90 + 36.9 = 126.9 A1 2
[12]