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22
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23
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24
 :dG QOe cGe eJ dG eG eN gCG
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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34
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35
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36
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.cG ej jdG dG SG-1
.cG GSH Zj jdG dG SG-2
.G VQ SG -3
.MCG H LQN ja J -4
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. G G hCG QeCG AdhCG AGQBG SG -6
.cG eGd dG JGdG dG -7

:dG W
:dEG dG QOe cGe dG W J
.ITG MG h ,fdG bQCG Lh ,HGh ,fSG
.efH hCG eN d H edG h dG H dG g J

37
 dG QOe ce SdG UGG aJ
: dG QOe ce SdG UGG aJ ie d SG Ud e
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.dG UY Y "" TCdG j eY :(CGj ) Lj -1
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.UGG UY Y "f" TCdG j eY :e -3
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:dhCG UGG
:cG a -1
.IQGRdG dG a e aGJ He a cG id aj
.cG a IQY -: ddG
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:ddG UGG.GgCG h jdG Kh : ddG
( ddH aG eG GQe Y OYG ) -: OTQEG h LdG -3
:TG OTQEG h LdG :e
38
 :GQe dG cG edG h FNCG Lj h Tj
Hc) eG fEG h ,QOG Jh ,QOG GSGh ,QOG QNGh ,QOG OLh e
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: dG id ddG GQG jJ j
dEG UdG dS e ddG h IQb) .dG / GhOCG h QOG GSG h j t
.(H eG
. QOG QNG h J h LGe t
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.eG YhCG GfCG h TCG e iG a t
.eG IQGOEG h LSG t
.lifelong learning IG ie dG VGZC IAGdG GOY jJ t
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: HGdG UGG
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. dGh SQG o J
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:dOCG
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( dGh ,jhdG -: YG J SS ) YG jJ je Kh
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d SQe c ac Me h Se H aJ Y dG aG J : dG -6
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39
 .bG
. SdG eSdG
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.edGh eCG UGe
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ch J ae c N dEG aVEG cG MGf L d eT N aJ IQGRdG Y
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dEG SQGG e aJ dG jQhdG jQdG GAMEG h ,J SSh ,d He N :dOCG
. IQGRdG dEG aG eh aG
dG QOeh Y J
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:j QOG h Yd dG dG -1
aG jhJ Y OYG jh cGd e fGe LJ ) Se fGe OLh -CG
.(IQGRdGh
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.QOG IQYEG h AGdG h QNd VGh Y -
:IaG QOG h YG J -O
f M e h G BG dG e LGSG h :cG IaG YhCG OY t
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IG OGGh ,jdG h dG OGGh ,FGGh ,jQhdGh ,LGGh ,dGh ,dG Z c
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40
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:e h ,dGh AGdG Y J h QNG SS OJ e IOY dG
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h dG IOQGdG QaCG Mf e ( eG ) G Qd G Se ie -
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Gh dG J
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41
 .SGQdG Y e h je Y L t
.IaG GhOCG h adG M e IaG eCG ie t
.jdG dG adG Se ie t
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GSG J
:e GgCG IY dEG GSG J ODj
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.AGdG
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. IG HGdG ah J dG jhdG J h OSG -5
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42
 .cG NGO
eG eN jJ J
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(4) e

43
 hCG G
dG QOe ce e Jh J
dGh HdG IQGRh
... a dGh Hd edG jjG
.................. IFGO
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dG QOe ce IY Jh SG
: SG SCG
U ce
feG VGZCG
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............................. SGQdG dG

SG QGbEG
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44
 J QGbEG
d SH G e dG QOe ce IY SG CH SQH QOe ce FQ fCG bCa
: JG MG Lh CGh , G Gg
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45
 dG OG AMEG
MG OdG dG
dG
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N
bQh
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46
 dG G
IdG Qb UG SG
:SSCG J
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.(4) dG
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. dG bdG -2 . IdG -1

47
 ddG G
dG QOe cG ffEG d eBG GSG dO
:ffEGh eG eCG
eCG G j a ,SCG e dh ,adG ATCG e d Ne a ,jM hP S ffEG
AHEd H AYG LGdG eCG FG e jdG Kh .RL dEG Nd jPDG ATCG e dG
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:ffEG jJ
dGh G dGh JdG ILCG e jG J e s J fEG PEG ,dG T g
International Network EG G e ffEG e TG bh .SGdG
QfGh SdG
o INBG gh ,BG M SGdG dG ShCG g ffEGh .dG dG j dG
e fh .j KEG ej Fg GkOjORG OGOj ffEG eN cG OY CG c ,Ic YH
hCG J CG e L hCG cT J Qh
q ,Go dG hCG cdG iME ep d ffEG CG dP
Y ffEG J J L hCG cT CG dg d dh ,e qn e ffEG eN
.iNCG dG J j ffEG q J dG dG iMEG J EG PEG ,cCH dG ie
:eG eCG jJ
e dPh Y AGYG hCG gOJ dG WG e ed jG aJ Y j dG dG fCH
jG .LQG hCG NGdG WG e eG j gaJ RdG FSdGh GhOCG aJ N
dUCG dh JG Y de Z UTCG jCG dEG eG Uh IG GAGLEGh
.JG g Uh
eCG Jjh ,LddG QJ jGH e a H eGSG CGH dh b eCG g eG eCG EGh
:dEG eG
dG f jM fCG
.dGh eGdG jM fCG
.fdG YGb jM fCG
.fCG dEG NdG hCG ddG jM fCG

48
 :YLG dG jJ
JegG a dOj dG gZ hCG AbUCG hCG gCG H YLG M g YLG dG
jah QUh Hc e eYh UN VGe J gh ,ffEG Y J fCG MdG dGh ,cG
.QJh TOQOh
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.G eCG Feh e H SG aZ JdG Vh
.d J dG aBGh ffEG FGa M AHCG YJ
Y e CG H ej M d Vj dGh RG d Vj dG WG Y J
. e hCG Sha
k j b ffEG
bQh Y Hch ffEG a DhHCG j Ie c GgCG Y hCG Oe g j
. hO bdG j M eeCG j
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eCG J M M bCc YS K dEG YdG Rhj dG e e bh j
.SQG LGdGh G e H hCG he jd j Cc
.bGd TdGh IdG W J e dG
e bGe HGhQ Y b dGh dG AKCG G aGdG QX dG dG J
.fYEG hCG Fa H d
J hCG AYEG Yh .J J dG bGG Qe SG GSG IQhV M AHCG J
Y GY hCG ,JGdG bQCG hCG ,G GY AGS ,JSCG Jh J T ee CG
.ISCd dG eG e gZ hCG ,jdGdG
MCG e PEH EG .HQbCG hCG JSCG OGaCG MC hCG d T QU SQEG H AHCG J
.jdGdG
.ffEd eGSG AKCG FHC Ihb Gfj CG gCG Y
a N e ,QhO H gGG gDhHCG gQhj dG bGH Y Y Gfj CG gCG Y
.dG efH RG Y M j dG bDG Gh cdGh QdG e
TGh T He ffEG Y Y GaJ jU C FHCG He Y IQhV Y OT
. bGdG dG H d
eh ,hOSGh e J GPeh ,ffEd eGSG AKCG JWf Y jG Y AHCG T p
49
 .ffEG a ej Ie c h e
dH dch ,e aG EG ffEG Y AGT Y CG AGLEG H AHCG Y cCdG
.e AGLEG CGh ,dG d
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.Me
k k ffEG We FHCG e bf
k YJ jk M Tf
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hCG e hCG jH e QeCH MJ dG TdGh FSdG e CG Y OdG H YJ
.Gh dG Y J GRk GSG hCG ,G kjJ hCG ,fGhY
iste HdG d dhdG G QUCG
:ddG dG Jh ,HdG ffEd eBG GSG Ff
VJ hCG ,SH ddG J QU VJ h ,ffEG Y SQG be J Yh Y c
.eCG h PEG hO QdG
.JcQe q J dG HGhd fG
.V j b ffEG J e c CH c Yh Y c
.bGG d VG dG HG
.jNBG b e jd dG VJ Y e J
YLG dG hCG fhG e ed jW MCGh ,jdG Ua ffEG J GhOCG YC p G
.dGh dG fCG Te H eGSG G S Y
:j dGh ,ffEd eBG GSG Ff Hd bh p k JGP ck GQOEG q c
.SQe SG hCG Jg bQ hCG JQU ffG Y VJ H ,UG Y G -
.bGG HM bQCG jM -
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.jNBG AGjEG Y -
.jdG G Heh QOG eS e cCdG -
.jdG hCG dG SQ Y -
?eG eCG g e
UdG feEG Y CG ,edGh ITG JS Jee AHEG eG eCG j
e d dG Y JG WH Y Y J CGh ,e PEG hO NBG T CG b e d
50
 .UG Jee dEG UdH
UTCG e CG VGdG eh .UG Je k Ne jNBd j CG ZJ cCdH fCG
QhG c e SG Jee UN Y G Zj
cQj UTCG e dGh ,dEG UdG e jNBG Yh fFG bdG eeh
jNBG SfC dG J b fEa d dH d e hCG aJ hJ b dG eG H CH
ZGdG cd ,G S a .eG e iNCG AGLCG e e GPEG k UNh
k
j T e eG g J CG jJ VGZC Y T ee Y G
.YT Z H Jc RL dEG UdG N e H
j a ,ffEG Y T C Jee AYEH J dh M fCG J CG dc G eh
hCG Y hO fLj dG eG Y d jd JdG f dEG UdG e UTCG H
.e PEG
ffEG T dG WGe
ANCG Y k Lf dG Gg j bh .JYaO dGh d VY ffEG T J
,fd WG NOEG dEG dG f H S Ojh .dG J dGh dG
dG eG j fMCGh .SQL d GQY hCG ITG eGhCG H j e dZ CG M
We hCG SG Oa j dGh ;fdG e a dEG dP ODj M ,fG fdG M e
.IcGdG FdG IdG
hCG ,UdG feEG a RhH efdG Y jdG feEG Ld dG WGe J e dZh
.efdG Gd G dG Y eGhCG J
ANCG g YT gcCG eh .d VY T hCG RL j dGh dG f e OY g
edGh ,dG RedG J Y LdG dG ANCG e fdG NOEG U bJ
SQL GQY NOEGh ,RedG g J j ddh efdG d IG RedG e WG
FdG dG f eh .jdG J NGO bG VQe dG UdG Jh
jedG HGhdG e dEG aVEH bDG jdG IcGP fdG ah SG jCG
.(Symlinks)
:ffEG T We
M e G JG FSh e IMGc Gk c ffEG T Y OYG UCG d
We g a .GSG dP AGL J b dG WG Y cdG gCG RHCG H GSG
51
 WG J hGJh .jL bCG NBG dGh ,L H WG e jdG g ?ffEG T
d GNGh ,SG Y fG eGh fd IeG ShdH HUEG H
fG H dG fdG bS dEG ,jNBG dEG IASEG H HSM SG hCG ,G
WG e jd ec fV g d fCG e ZdG Yh .FG bH bSh .RGHG hCG
.HUEG N e G Fbh GN g CG EG
:ffEG Y edG
.ee jCG Y dG b eJ e e G kL YG
.jGh KOG c ,G cQG eN T ee jCG Y aEG
.jG hCG KOG cQG Y a hCG SG GSG Y UMG
,hcEG jdG Y FG bH bQCGh dG c SM ee jCG SQEG Y Y UMG
.hdEG jdG Y eG J J SdG G CG YGh
JGdG hCG GQdG bQCGh OG jQGc edG eG h dG U S c SG
.RedGh bQCGh IdGh IdG MCG H G hMh ,AHCG ASCGh
.fCG Gbe a j e IOY dGh ,dG jH ahGh gG jG
.eGSG M J dG SGG Y dG ed FdG jdG UN
.iNCGh Ia H (cookies) e e H b
k SGh ,SG RL Y dG eGh QdH MG
IcGP dd VY
.dG jdG
.eGSG Y M jdG Gec H b
.SG d S c SG
.gG hdEG jdG FSQ Y OdG
:ffEG eCG
Y YGh ,SG RL eCd (firewalls) jQdG GQGh ShdG ae eGH SG
.QGSH j
Y J dG Gh FYdG Gh dG c ,G G Y dG eGH SG
.ffEG e
jdG jW Y IOQGdG hCG G cQe eN hCG ahG Z bGG e dG G aG
.hdEG

52
 .QG dG hdEG jdH aG G J
.(files encryption) G J eGH SG
a ZG Z jdG ae eNh , (filters) hdG jdG FSQ Te SG
.(anti-spam)
.QhO H d WMG f H b
.a b SGH OJ dG G aGh ,jQdG KOG eGH GSG AKCG GQk M c
J Jh ,bd Me ae OLh Y e cCd ;(ports) aG a bGe SG
.(online port scanners) SH bGG
.eCG GdG d eG dG d jQhdGh jQhdG jdG H b
SdG dG Y FG bH bQCG SQEG hCG ,dG Y aG JHM a
.G S Y gGh GQG IOLc eBG Z (wi-fi)
:WCG eSh eCG
.JaJ e k jb J d ffEG eN GSGh J e WCG QT
.FdG aZ ffEH G SG RL V
.gCH dG j M d hTh HGV Vh GSG Y bf
SG ILCG Y G Gh ,dG eh ,ShdG e jG eGH OLh e cCJ
.WCG ej dG
.dG Y dG Je dG Y Y WCG pQO
.FSQh JKOe bGQh ,dG Y dWCG AbUCG YG
J dGh, (parental control) SH J dGh dG bGeh dG eGH SG
.IGh G OGG eh H
GQN IOLGh HZG Z bGG G (privacy) UG Ie SG
.(tools) GhOCG Fb (internet options) ffEG
Y d k e Hk M GSH b ,dP QJ M h ,WCG GS k e GRk L SG
HUEG We d RG f

53
 HGdG G
MG AGOCG GTDe Fb
eG IGOCG / dOG MG GTDG #
SG .cG ej jdG dG SG 1
SG .cG GSH Zj jdG dG SG
2
SG .G VQ SG 3
SG .IQGOEG CGQ SG 4
:dG dG :cG QOeh Y J 5
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OY f M e h ,G BG dG e
.dG jO J
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,LGG ,dG ,dG Z iNCG c) : eG AYh f M IaG jhdG OYh
,jQhdG ,LGG ,dG ,dG Z c
......jQhdG IG OGG ,jdG h dG OGG ,FGG
.G QOe Y ,dGh CDs
.YdG dG :cG QOeh Y J 6
SG .YG M dG AGQBG SG 1-6
SG .YG M dG dG AGQBG SG 2-6
cG U H j e ae :GSG J 7
:dG GTDG h jG :k hCG 1-7
:IQYEG GAMEG h fH -1
=IQYEG f :dG GSG ee 1-1
IQYEH JG YG AL f

54
f M) YG AL YhCG OY =IQYEH (G) JG YG AL f
(LEG G) LEG OdG / (jO edG fdG hdEG P j
Yd Excel Sheet IQYEd
SQG dG OY / jdG IQYEG M -: dW d IQYEG -2-1
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((SGQdG dG jCG OY) * (cd
(Yd LEG G)/(jdG IQYEG M) -:IQYEG GQhO e 4-1
:QOd NGdG GSG d W IY g QOd NGdG GSG TDe -5-1
eG cj dG QOG J jW Y (-1
.gZ h dG HY h hdG Y
dG QO`` G `` Y `` dGDS h `` eG `` He (-2
.cG gOLh AKCG geSG
YhCG / dG `` Y J h fSG `` J (-3
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.cG
: QGhdG GAMEG -6-1
= (...,SCG ,j) e Ia QGhdG OY
( BG f hCG ,P) QGhdG c GSH : OY Jh ,`` dGh G `` a dEG QGhdG `` J
.dG M a dEG dG
(d LEG OdG) / (S QGhdG) = dW d GQjdG
jCGQ NC d fSG J jW Y j h : YdG dG :fK
.cd eGSG ie M 2-7
dG h cG QN f dG G J J :G e J dG ShQdG OY 8
d (MG) SGQdG OGG M
.Gh dG d SG j Gh dG J 9

55
 AGOCG GTD UG fSGh dG GQSG
.HdG SGQdG dG d IQYEG GAME "dhCG fdG" J P

SQG SG SQG eQ
fdG L jQJ dG jQdG IdG
G j
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dG d IQYEH UG (dhCG fdG) adG e ITe fdG d PdG Gg j
.HdG SGQdG dG N
.dG TCG e T d P j
GPEG (dG) SGQdG MG Mh fOCG IOQGdG dG M IQYEG GAMEG jJ j
. c
.G kL e (dG) AYdG J bQ J j
"d IQYEG GAMG" M P" G PdG dEG dG Gg e "dhCG fdG" jJ j
."HdG SGQdG dG
....Ggh HdG dG = 2 ,SOdG dG = 1 :k e :SGQdG MG d "e" Vh Lj
hG Ia jf b fdG Lh ,e AfGh PdG Gg H FNCG e Y J
.jdG
:j c fdG L jW J
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e ITe hCG ,hdEG dG e IaG " SHELF LISTdG Fb" e FGY Y NCG j
.adG
AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh 5000 hj hCG e bCG YG M) IdG YG dM
jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh , dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 5 bQ (dG)
.fOCG dG jJ
(dG) AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh 10000 h 5000 H YG M) SG YG dM
56
 jJ jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh ,dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 10 bQ
.fOCG dG
(dG) AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh20000 h 10000 H YG M) IdG YG dM
jJ jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh ,dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 20 bQ
.fOCG dG
J j ;(HdG SGQdG dG) HdG IdG N JQYEG J (dG) AYdG c dM
.e c (dG bQ ,dG GY) JfH
.(c) AYh 500 = HG d YCG G

.d hCG dG e fdG L CGj

.dW d IQYEG -2-1 .dG GSG ee 1-1 GTDG / TDG SG
.IQYEG GQhO e 4-1 .YS d IQYEG -3-1
FdG TDG bQ
GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
:IQYEG
.(IQYEG) LQN cG Y GSG ie J c GTDe dG

jQdG (IQYEG GAMEG) OdG #

dG
LEG dG bQ
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1
2

57
 d IQYEG GAME "dhCG fdG" J P

SQG SG SQG eQ
fdG L jQJ dG jQdG IdG
G j
XdG G .fdG eL SG

:J
dG d IQYEH UG (dhCG fdG) adG e ITe fdG d PdG Gg j
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.SCG jCG e j d P j
GPEG (dG) SGQdG MG Mh fOCG IOQGdG dG M IQYEG GAMEG jJ j
. c
.GL e (dG) AYdG J bQ J j
"d IQYEG GAMG" M P" G PdG dEG dG Gg e "dhCG fdG" jJ j
" jdG hG
....Ggh HdG dG = 2 ,SOdG dG = 1 :e :SGQdG MG d "e" Vh Lj
hG Ia jf b fdG Lh e AfGh PdG Gg H Yeh cG FNCG j
.jdG
.d hCG dG e fdG L CGj

.dW d IQYEG -2-1 .dG GSG ee 1-1 GTDG / TDG SG

.IQYEG GQhO e 4-1 .YS d IQYEG -3-1
FdG TDG bQ
GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
:IQYEG
.(IQYEG) LQN cG Y GSG ie J c GTDe dG

58
 jQdG (IQYEG GAMEG) OdG #
dG
LEG dG bQ
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1
2
.HdG SGQdG dG "d IQYEG GAMEG" M P

SQG SG SQG eQ
fdG L jQJ dG jQdG IdG
G j
XdG G jdG e SG
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.HdG SGQdG dG N dG d IQYEG GAMEG PdG Gg j
.dG TCG e T d P j
GPEG (dG) SGQdG MG Mh fOCG IOQGdG dG M IQYEG GAMEG jJ j
. c
."/" IQTEH IQYEG cM Y dG
Excel Sheet dG dG FdG fdG jJ j
....Ggh HdG dG = 2 ,SOdG dG = 1 :e :SGQdG MG d "e" Vh Lj
hG Ia jf b fdG Lh e AfGh PdG Gg H FNCG e Y J
.jdG
:j c fdG L jW J
.FGdG dG SCG j
e ITe hCG ,hdEG dG e IaG " SHELF LISTdG Fb" e FGY Y NCG j
.adG

59
AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh 5000 hj hCG e bCG YG M) IdG YG dM
jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh , dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 5 bQ (dG)
.fOCG dG jJ
(dG) AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh 10000 h 5000 H YG M) SG YG dM
jJ jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh ,dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 10 bQ
.fOCG dG
(dG) AYdG bH NCG j :(AYh20000 h 10000 H YG M) IdG YG dM
jJ jh IQYEG fH NDJ K eh ,dH YG jf Mh hCG dG jGH e 20 bQ
.fOCG dG
J j ;(HdG SGQdG dG) HdG IdG N JQYEG J (dG) AYdG c dM
.e c (dG bQ ,dG GY) JfH
.d hCG dG e fdG L CGj

.dW d IQYEG -2-1 .dG GSG ee 1-1 GTDG / TDG SG

.IQYEG GQhO e 4-1 .YS d IQYEG -3-1
(4-1 Mh 1-1) 1 1 7 FdG TDG bQ
GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
:IQYEG
.(IQYEG) LQN cG Y GSG ie J c GTDe dG

(IQYEG GAMEG) OdG #

dG
LEG YG
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
dG Z iNCG c 1
eY Qe 099-000 2
SG
60
 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 edG YSG
edG QG Y H 1
dG 199-100 2
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
GOBG 899-800
GGGh jQdG 999-900
dG
jQhdG
FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
`` Lj) i`` NCG `` a
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61
 "d IQYEG GAMEG" M P
SQG SG SQG eQ
fdG L jQJ dG jQdG IdG
G j
XdG G jdG e SG
:J
.(SCG) jdG hG Me N dG d IQYEG GAMEG PdG Gg j
.SCG jCG e j d P j
.(dG) SGQdG MG Mh fOCG IOQGdG dG M IQYEG GAMEG jJ j
."/" IQTEH IQYEG cM Y dG
Excel Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jJ j
....Ggh HdG dG = 2 ,SOdG dG = 1 :k e :SGQdG MG d "e" Vh Lj
.dW d IQYEG -2-1 .dG GSG ee 1-1 GTDG / TDG SG
.IQYEG GQhO e 4-1 .YS d IQYEG -3-1
FdG TDG bQ
:IQYEG GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
.(IQYEG) LQN cG Y GSG ie J c GTDe dG

(IQYEG GAMEG) OdG #

dG
LEG YG
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
dG Z iNCG c 1
eY Qe 099-000 2
SG 3
62
 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 edG YSG 4
edG QG Y H 5
dG 199-100
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
GOBG 899-800
GGGh jQdG 999-900
dG
jQhdG
FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
`` Lj) i`` NCG `` a
(...:gj
63
 "d IQYEG GAMEG" M P

SQG SG SQG eQ
fdG L jQJ dG jQdG IdG
G j
XdG G jdG e SG
:J
.(SCG) jdG hG Me N G d IQYEG GAMEG PdG Gg j
.SCG jCG e j d P j
.G SQj dG G Mh ,fOCG IOQGdG dG M IQYEG GAMEG jJ j
."/" IQTEH IQYEG cM Y dG
Exce Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jJ j
.LG M G SQj dG (G f ,VGG) MG J

GTDG / TDG SG

FdG TDG bQ
:IQYEG GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
.(IQYEG) LQN cG Y GSG ie J c GTDe dG

% dG LEG e
jO EG HY YG #
dG Z iNCG c 1
eY Qe 099-000 2
SG
64
 edG YSG
edG QG Y H 1
dG 199-100 2
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
GOBG 899-800
GGGh jQdG 999-900
dG
jQhdG
FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
`` Lj) i`` NCG `` a
(...:gj
65
 "cG Y dG J" ``SG
"cG Y dG J" ``SG GTDG / TDG SG
FdG TDG bQ
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.dW d P j
.dd SCG T j
.SG cP Y dd
.SG SCH CGj dGh ,KdG g e a dG AG dd q j
.Excel Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jH FNCG j

:dG SG
ddG/ddG
SQG SG SQG eQ
:bdG :jQdG
:SG SCG
:fOCG IOQGdG dG ah cG IaG QOG h dG Y H dG ALdG -1

Me dG
QOG h dG YG
V e L R #
dG Z iNCG c 1
dG 2
jQhdG 3
66
 FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
`` Lj) i`` NCG `` a
(...:gj
LGG
ffEG QOe
:ddG GQdG Y aGe ie Y HLEH dG ALdG -2
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GQdG
IH aGhCG aGhCG aGhCG IH aGhCG #
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dH eG
eG QOe CG iQCG 2
jM cH
eG QOe G iQCG 3
.HGL cH
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Y cG aJ 5
.ac
67
 (dDG SG hCG ,VGG hCG ,jhdG cPG) -:? FGH UJ dG QOG h dG e -3
............. ............................. ..................
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"cG Y G J" ``SG

GTDG / TDG SG
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.e d P j
.SG cP Y d
.SG SCH CGj dGh ,KdG g e a dG AG d j
Excel Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jH FNCG j

IOG SG SG
G/G
SQj dG dG
G
SQG SG SQG eQ
:bdG jQdG

68
 :SG SCG
.eRdG GjdGh dG AGLE UdG aS YVeh aH LGdG jdG aJ EG
:fOCG IOQGdG dG ah cG IaG QOG h dG Y H dG ALdG 1
Me dG
QOG h dG YG
V e L R #
dG Z iNCG c 1
dG 2
jQhdG 3
FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
`` Lj) i`` NCG `` a
(...:gj
LGG
ffEG QOe

69
 :ddG GQdG Y aGe ie Y HLEH dG ALdG -2
Me dG
GQdG
IH aGhCG aGhCG aGhCG IH aGhCG #
QOe dEG UdG SCG 1
dH eG
eG QOe CG iQCG 2
jM cH
eG QOe G iQCG 3
.HGL cH
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Y cG aJ 5
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jhY GbG gS 6
.cd IjL
jhdG aH eYEG j 7
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"cG YG M J" P
GTDG / TDG SG
FdG TDG bQ
:IaG QOGh YG M J :dG dG :cG QOeh Y J TDG a
:cG jhdG OY
.cG YG M j c TDe dG
70
 :J
.cG Y M d PdG Gg j
.(SCG) jdG hG Ia N PdG Gg fH SG j
.fOCG IOQGdG dG M fdG jJ j
Excel Sheet dG dG dEG FdG fdG f j
. efdG N e fdG J J

Me % dG OdG
YG #

dG Z iNCG c 1
dG 2
jQhdG 3
FGG
jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
(..:gj Lj) iNCG a
LGG
ffEG QOe
71
 G QOe Y
:`` gj `` Lj) `` Ye `` Y
(... ,U Ub
LGG
eY Qe 099-000
SG
edG YSG
edG QG Y H
dG 199-100
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
GOBG 899-800
aGGh jQdG 999-900
LGG Y M LEG
cG Y M LEG

QOd NGdG GSG fH M P

GTDG / TDG SG
FdG TDG bQ
:IQYEG GAMEG h fH :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
.cG Y (cG NGO) NGdG GSG j c TDe dG
72
 :J
.(cG NGO) QOd NGdG GSG fH PdG Gg j
.(SCG) jdG hG Ia N PdG Gg fH SG j
.fOCG IOQGdG dG M fdG jJ j
.Excel Sheet dG dG dEG FdG fdG f j
.jQdG dG e AYCGh FNCG hCG ,PdG Gg fH SH FNCG e Y J

Me % dG OdG
YG #

dG Z iNCG c 1
eY Qe 099-000 2
SG 3
edG YSG
edG QG Y H
dG 199-100
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
GOBG 899-800
aGGh jQdG 999-900
dG
jQhdG
FGG
73
 jHh S H/OGe
ja
S WTCG
FGT
GSH
charts VJ TCG
maps FGN

``a OGe
Jc eGH
(..:gj Lj) iNCG a
G QOe Y
:gj Lj) Ye Y
(...,U Ub
LGG
eY Qe 099-000
SG
edG YSG
edG QG Y H
dG 199-100
fjdG 299-200
YLG dG 399-300
dG 499-400
dG dG 599-500
dG dG 699-600
dG 799-700
74
 GOBG 899-800
aGGh jQdG 999-900
LGG Y M LEG
dG cG Y M LEG
.(cG NGO) NGO eGSG

"dG e QGhdG FMEG" M P

SG
SQG SG ddG/ddG
fdG L jQJ `` dG `` jQdG I`` dG
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SGQdG MG Mh ,fOCG IOQGdG dG M d jOdG GQjdG GAMEG jJ j
.(dG)
."/" IQTEH MGdG dd IQjdG cM Y dG
Exce Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jJ j
....Ggh HdG dG = 2 ,SOdG dG = 1 :k e :SGQdG MG d "e" Vh Lj
QGhdG GAMEG GTDG / TDG SG
FdG TDG bQ
QGhdG GAMEG :dG GTDG h jG :GSG J TDG a
jCGh bhCG e N cd jOdG GQjdG M j c TDe dG
SGQdG SCG

75
 :jQdG
(IQYEG GAMEG) OdG
dG SGQdG dG Ga
dG LEG #
% 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
(dhCG MGSG b) MdG IdG 1
dhCG MGSG N 2
fdGh dhCG MGSG H 3
fdG MGSG N 4
fdG MGSG H 5

"cd eGSG M dG CGQ" ``SG

QGhdG GAMEG GTDG / TDG SG
FdG TDG bQ
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:J
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.dW d P j
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.SG cP Y dd
.SG SCH CGj dGh ,KdG g e a dG AG dd q j
Excel Sheet dG dG dG jf edG fdG jH FNCG j

76
 :SG SCG
? dG Gg cG GSH b g (1
(cCG h 7 GDd fG ) f
( 6-2 e SC a LCG )
? cd eGSG Y SCG e (2
.MCG eY e cG -CG
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dG -`g ffEG -O
gCG M k JJ YC
p G ?de ee QOe hCG iNCG eGSG S e -5
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gCG HLEG
.cG aJ c dEG MCG
.cG aJ dEG MCG
. GSd SCG iNCG e CG LCG
cG GS SGQdG dG N bh d Lj

77
 : (gcPG ) iNCG SCG
------------------
------------------
?cG jJ / c -6
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
: dG QOe ce SCG -7
SCG Ie - SCG Ge IY - k ej -CG
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.jdG dG OGG J SG -
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.gcPG... iNCG-h
: cG IaG eG QOe IOL ie e -9
V e Se L GL L R YG #
G 1
dG 2
dG 3
e UGbCG 4
ffEG 5
jdG dG OGG 6

78
 : ddG UdG ah cG e / H IOL ie e -10
V e Se L GL L R YG #
YG 1
IAVEG 2
IQGG 3
AVdG ie 4
jOTQEG MdG 5
adG 6
KCG 7
jdG h dG BG 8
SG SdG 9
YdG BG 10
dG QOe cG eG QOe J fSG

:eY fH
QNG .........................................:SG
...............................:dG gDG
.............................:dG aG
............... SQG eQ.................................:SQG SG
.......................:cG aG jQJ
..................................:dG f
ce :SQG Lj
e
......:G/cG ej dG dG
............cG IH G QOG OY
.................................:jQGOEG OY
..................................:G OY
.....................................:dG OY

79
 ?cG dM IaGG LCGh HdG dG OY cPG
(FG hdG) fdG UG hCG (IdG bCG )dhCG UG GSG FNCG eEH l

eGbh Le YSG dG bQCG VG

LCG HY LCG HY
000-099 edG QG
100-199 dG Yh dG
200-299 jdG
300-399 YLG dG
400-499 d
500-599 H Y
600-699 J Y
700-799 G dG
800-899 OBG
900-999 LGJh aGLh jQJ
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dG QOe ce UQ dEG jk S aG dG OY cPG
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jdG aG dG aEG

.cG IY e Nh dG e J hCG a e :Gl

.G dG M SQG aG jQJ e IdG :GdG OYl
jc ie H e ,fhdEG OGG M Lj

80
 dG LMG H ac ie
jhdG OY dG
Me ac Z e M dEG ac cG
UGbCG
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OGG
dG
OGG
jdG

...............................H : / f : IOLe cH ffEG eN

............. / f : jd Me
.( dEG... AGgEG , JGdG AGdG , aG IQGRdG) YG eG QOe Y G QOe
f T Y VJ
.....................................................................................
....................................................................................
.( dEG... AGgEG , JGdG AGdG , aG IQGRdG) fhdEG OGG Y G QOe
....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
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?GPh ?G/cG Y OGYCG e gOGYCG SJ g.(.....) IaG aQCG OY
...............................................................................................................
.....................
......................................................d SGh aVEG G aQCG OY
:JLMh jG a e e cH YG SJ ie
G kL Se ( )
Se ( )
81
 : ddG SCd Se Z ( )
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.SGQdG GQGh gH JG YVG J RGdG IaG YG ( )
d edG egG cGJ dG dG QOGh OGG e Se Y cG aj ( )
.adGh dG fCG AGKEG gJ dGh ,SQG
.eG dG Qd cGe Zh KGH e Z IaG YG ( )
...............................(gcP Lj k a) iNCG SCG ( )

82