PROBLEMS 2.1 Calculate the vertical sag allowable with level supports for a 500 ft span of copper wire, 0-4 in. in diameter, under the following Conditions: ice, fin. thick; wind pressure, 8 Ib/f\? of projected area. Ice weighs 571b/f1®; copper weighs 555 1b/f?; and the safe tensile strength of copper is 2,400 Ib/in.* Fig. 29 Dimensions are in inches Solution. A cross-section of the conductor and its covering of ice is shown in Fig. 2.9. Cross-sectional area of conductor = Td? = 30-4 = 0:1257 in? Volume of conductor material per foot run = 0:1257 x 1I2= L5in3 1-51 x 555 Weight of conductor per foot run = 13h = 0-485 1b Weight of ice per foot run = 1-25R(R + D) 1:25 x 0-375 x 0-775 = 0-363 Ib i) Vertical weight of conductor per foot run == 0-485 + 0:363 = 0-848 Ib (Fig. 2.10) O77 1b 0-848 ib 20Horizontal wind pressure on conductor per foot run 118 Sortie aay oe Effective weight per foot run, w, = /(O-848® + 0-772) = 1-15 Ib Safe stress = 24,000 x 0-1257 = 3,017 Ib Therefore 1:15 x 500 x 500 Sap fee a ERX 20 5 = 19 ft 1L-9 x 0-878 Vertical sag = d cos 0 = = = 88M (Ans.) 2.2 Calculate the minimum sag permissible for a 200-metre span, l-cm diameter copper conductor, allowing a maximum tensile stress of 2,000 kg/em*, Assume a horizontal wind pressure of 4 g/cm? of Projected area, and take the specific gravity of copper as 8-9. Solution 7=200m d® x 2,000 = 5007 = 1,570 kg Weight of conductor per metre length: sat aa cee ae wea qd AOD x6 BOX hag OT Ke Wind pressure per metre length: =1x 100 x 4 x Fig = Od kg Effective pressure on conductor per metre length: w= V(w?2 + 12) = V(0-7? + 0-42) = 0-805 kg w,P 0-805 x 200 x 200 S98 d= BF = ext a9 «= 256m Minit = 2:56 cos 0 = 2°56 x = 2.23 m (A inimum sag = 256 cos 9 = 256 x Gays = 2:23 m (Ans.) 2.3 Asingle span of transmission line is $00 ft in length, the support- ing structures being level. The conductors have a cross-sectional 21area of 0-169 in.2, Calculate the factor of safety under the following, conditions: Vertical sag permissible, 8! Breaking stress, 60,000 Ibjin? Wind pressure, 0-8 Ib per foot run Specific gravity of conductor material, 8-9 Solution Specific gravity = 8-9 g/em? 89 x 254 oe SO DOM in’ = pag Ilia: = 03215 Ibjin3 = 0-3215 x 0:169 Ib per inch length = 03215 x 0-169 x 12 Ib per foot length = 0-65 Ib per foot length Wind pressure = 0-8 Ib per foot run Effective weight, w, = (0-65? + 0-82) = 1-03 Ib _ 8 x 1-03 wa = 27K Ve Actual sag, d =— 60,000 f where f is the factor of safety. Safe stress = Ibfin.® i 000 x 0-169 _ 10,140 Tension on conductor, T = 60,000 x 0:169 ag tt 2 Sf But d = w,?/87, so that T = w,l?/8d, and 10140 9 140 8% = = MOF 10,140 x 8 x 12-7 = hes x 250000, A (4ns) 2.4 A transmission-line conductor, crossing a river, is supported from two towers at heights of 100 ft and 200 ft above the water level. If the horizontal distance between the two towers is 800 ft, find the clearance between the water level and the conductor at a point midway between the towers under fair-weather conditions. ‘Assume the maximum tension to be 4,000 Ib. and the weight per foot run to be 0:5 Ib.