Foc Onkineingo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info CHAPTER, FLUID 3 A Aabstance that can plow.is cafled Fluid a od Layers Gases . a tovls ™ TATICS g~ Zhe stu Of Properlies oF tals ad west 2 Anown ar hat "eee rf St is based on Newton ss gist and third fav. FLUID DYNAMICS 3. he stuoly of properties of fluids tm molonss Amown a4 Fboitl Dynarnics The A fitda th) motion fs velolively Compbtcated , but analysts Scan be stim plop by the “use of Newtones laws anek conservation’ of mass And Conservation of ergy > @~ The law of Conservation(ep” mass gives us the equalion of Corttruitig b= The law of -comgeryaion of energy fs the hasts of Bernoyll??s theorm 6: Viscous Drag Ano Sroke's Law Viscosizy @)- Deginilien. he inlernal frictional eppeci octusedn Aigperert fayers of a flowing plurd fs elscrtbed inlerms of Wiseostty of the pluide (b). Explanation te CYS Viscosity measures, aw much perce ds veyed to slide one layer 04 the. btyurd over amother layer. Substances that ‘clo not. 4 how easly, Auch as thick tar And honey ele ; ve Lavon coeppicvent of viscositres. Substances. which flow easily, keke waiter ave Amatl coepprefedt og viscosMes, Stace Lyuids and gases have non revo viscosity , a qoree és vequrred 14 an obgect ts te he -moveol through them = PageFee Ontineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info Gi). Examples. when we put aur Aand out of the. window of..0..fast moving car,..dte feel Xhat - aly exerts. a comsiclvable farce oppesite..te our mrTea» Ads. hows that Hhere a frictional force in gluids due to. the. viscosity of fluids. Girl. Sgmbols The coepptctent of viscostly i's denoted hay gueh teller 797, (7 (iv). Unity. Jt” Sot unt is kg mis! (te a) WV) ~ Dimensions :__.Jt climensions ave pM ts) = aRTY 2. Daag Force: An dbfeck moving through a rlurd experience & retardin ree Called a olyag tore. e. the clra ee. ( plurd vestslance ) increases as the peed op the objech. “increases, 3... aSToKe ‘s Law ws Zhe..dliag_forze Fon & sPhere of radius ‘rn? moving. slowly. with speed “v? through a fluid. of viseastig "77" 8" given by the” Stoke's 0... 2A... . oe 6 “poll wry Wiad the spoce 3 os stanly propionate “7 v 6.2, JERMINAL VELOCITY then the magnilade—of..the ~ drag .porce._hecomes equal to caeight op the hed, the met force dling on the body *s 10 Them...dvady will with constant velocity. callek Terminal velocity . Page 2.Fac Ontineinfo| Chapter No.6 enact Sermat | According lab Of Para Tet Book Board For Class XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info 2. Explanclion re. (@d~. Consider a. waiter droplet such as that of fog falling vertically downward under the ingluence of force of quivtty. and hag farce. The aty.olvag on the water dwplt increases with speed, the olrap tat accelerales 1, td by order the Over prowering fore of gau'ty which pulls the choplell downerars Jiowever , the upwoyd avai fore ont increases as the peed ofthe... droplit “increases The met 4orea_ on the olwplt Wet Force = Wleight — Dra: | As The Speed Ap the Trop lt Y Continues te increase, the drag care alsa theveases. and ever oppredeles the watght in the’. magmitidé™ Finally, Cohen , the pile o the diag pore becomes equal ‘te _ the wotg bit » the net Gore acting an the dro 's per. Ther the ‘ahoplid will 4 woth cont velocity called Terininal velocly (ve), Je.gitd dhe Tetritnal velouty 'Y,’ in this case , vy we me Sfakrs Lats the hag. azpvating te the sibight of the chops lat “Height = "Drag Force mg = enqany Moe HT i ene | S fg ation @ shows that the Terminal veloc an ohjeet depends upon mass of the objed ig vaclius t P P + ae elf: Yerains tomsTaub ie Ve Am Comstt ie the massive _ ohpects Pame radius isle Ahrough. xhe pame “Mord 2 _ ee -()- Dependence. on Size Let 9" he. the. olenstly amd “Y’.be the volume oF fog ( eater abeplt) “then pageFee Onkineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hip nonficonlneinf ———hemass_ofthe..cboplat om. = $V. where volume of. spherical chopit = VY = tae i, mos AAP > —-Aiting ths vale. in eqjiation @ Moa 4,8 rtPg ERA Pr Youn. 29h 97 BE = cont. hg A tng water Aroplt op Files 9.010 tm descends through By from high building. Fatale 1 Temiad Ye Given that "9° for Example 19x16 © Kg mm 5" ant dense °. eaailer foi6! Selotion 4 a Tea .0-010em Co Chea niS%m se tent tom So =. 1000 Kg 7 As we haved 19x10° ey oe" S 2 = 249.8% 1000 n(J-0n184) 5! FRIGK IEE hom tls Con you de that 2 A ble Tennis ball can. be. made suspended. t in the stream of 1 ay coming soe. dryer wher on balanced boy theforee pea aces oy) har oper ie Faw Page4-(Fac Onkineinfo Chapter {No. 6 ja According to Syllabus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class X1 aon pprmte Betis | Arig oe eek 6.3. Fruip Frew. FalfodueTion. Moving glurds axe of. great impoitance 7 slady the behaviour of the tlutd in motion ;\ we consider’ their plow through the pipes. When a fluid is in moliion, tts plow conke either eo. Streamline /Lemiinar or -@.. Torbulent . 4. STREAMLINE OR LAMINAR Flow -@- Desinilions. Ae pho ts said To by sheamline or laminar, ip every ppoiticle that pases a - forliealar point, anoves along exactly the) some poth, as followed hy particles whieh ofaiied that pois earkier, ae &. Explanslion :. SSS Se SS Kicimline. Hos ig. @) @)- Line of Flow: 4 . The he zotllowed hy a. prarttele oz the abuic a catted Une eyes. ter Pet Gi). Sfieamn Viney - Jp exh eprtele of the plucd moves alorg a Ameeth rath , then dine “op glow fs called a steam Line as. shown. in Fegure @). Gi). Sfeady Flos Condition :- < - dhe clegerent cteamdines cannot .. cress each ether. Zhi condibron is called . Skady Flow Condilionas Ahown in'pi9.@). ©. The atrectton of . streamlines ts the. same as the. olveclton op the veloelty of pbatd ak that pork ©). Exarnptes a s w). "Dolphins “Aare steamlned hooltes to assist thelr movement. in. ewdler. - : Gi Formula One racing cars fave. a streambed alesrgn . pageFaOntineinfo] Chapter No. 6 enact Sermat | According lab Of Para Tet Book Board For Class XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info +2. TURBULENT FLow:. _@). Introduction: Above a certain. velocity of, the glutd glows,” the.motion of the fluid becomes —_unsieas ow frregulay + —-hb)- Daginifion 12 She frregular or unsteady plow.op the Fluid is called turbuledt plo. ” ~~ @)- anation t- Under thre condifven (unseady or Vrregulay 5 tas) the velodily of the pba a ae changes dlbvuptly as Shown in Fig. &). Jn this case the exact path or. the 1g (ET Tarbulert plows ateel oy the plus ca a oe dteted. @ Sehaviour OF An Teleat Flurod Aglutd is satd to be ap ideal plark chrch salagis the Llawsing fonclieons i. rhe wad i nena vitcous te there ts no internal frrclional force bekiceen adgacent dagers OF. Fluid. ae The plcdnis Weompresstle se it. clenstty 03 constant . 3+. The 7 A. mation ts shady. 6-4 E@QuaTion OF Continuiry i. Deginition ge For a ren viscous And an incompressflle..plufol in steady flow, the met vate flow’ of. mass inward across any closed surface is equal to the met. vate of plas of smmass. outeurd This. isthe _stakement of egysation of. cortimuily. 2. Expressions _ Vey —Consider..a flura. ¢ovoing Sgt * Pe She patlectes in. the “fluid move AQ pageOFee Onkine info. Chapter No. 6 ja According to Syllabus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class X1 mene tintit | hr ee een along Zhe streamlines fn a.steady stat. Flow as.Sshown jn. Figure. 3 we Sn the ‘matt ine fat”). the plud at the Lower end o¢ the tube. moves a ‘dlistance An, ,.c0th velocity v,- dg ‘A's the aveo 25. Cross seclion of This end , then Volume of gluidin Sewer shaded bet olensrly a, Flid be R Theregore Zhe mass of ithe fluid contajnedl in fewer shaded region is x vegian = AL Ax, am = fA, Ax, (mss = ely Volo) As Save ‘ So Arhs= Vi At wi am, = PA VAP rn) Similarly. the plaid” that anoves witth. velocity. "Vy? through. the upper eda the (pe ( Axa OF cys secffon Ay) e same Sa Aa Aas mass Am, 2A, % At Wythe plied *s Bi ieike and. the ee steady the mast op ‘the pluid i's conserved. That 5, the mass that glows into the Lettom of the poppe Through Al in otine At? anust be equal te mass of the Liyuid that glows aud through A, jin the same time, here gore Am = Am. oy, FAN, At LA MAL.. 4A, = sZAds equalion (scaled the equation of continuity, Siisce...densily.s_ cons tont for the. sleady glow. - of-lncomprressibte guia, The equation of combinuily heeomes's Page 7Fee Ontineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info PAM = PAM. v fefef ws s7his, equation. Ik Arathed form of equation.of -continetly. 7Als_equalion shows that © Zhe froduct, of cross secltinal_Aved_.o4 the, pipe the lutd peed ani a a _ohows 2 pope i3a Con, TA chris ods the Ve 12 doer Atco’ cog. the pluid 07 Ads vate,” jee AV = Constant = Volume few vole Nore s- Vo= Gest. A } - > veh sto. pleady .in compressible joo the, oped gf pee varies inversely with the eyoss secional aver, Tih bite s- As_weller _, te peed frewaas toe Fong yavily Gnd Ae Ba eros ‘Sectional area aleeveases as manddlek ey. dhe — Loxtimnutly... eqn Example. 6-2. Awealer hose with an internal - dltawattrof.2.0 mon. at. the eutlb oliicharges. 30 ‘9 a tualerin Gos. Caleulate the water Apeed at the cubes, —Aasume the density of voditer is (200 keg on” Grd pleneis sfeady ." Sout “Mass ja m.30 - ¢ z dows tinder d= Eee =0.5 KS. =Ket pageFoc Ontineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info as oF, FRAY DE CO Lanny ns? t~ ZrivodueTion 4- Bernoutl’*s Equation named. ~ 0G Gst...0.. Swiss physieist Daniel, Berpoutle. a ~--tibo..cliscovered it... Bermoulle +s eqyualiton ds Hhe _fendaonental eauualian in fluid clynansies.. tbat whales qoressuce to. ghuicl “Apeed cad Aeight. 2. Slalement 1. Mot degiad as, Zoran, incompressthle von viscous fluid under Go"9 Aleady. flour | he Aun Cire » Aiinelte! energy prer vnit volume arth potential enogy pe. Unit value! vennainsconstart . 0k priels. on a Alfeambine? 3. Explandlion.- In deriving Btrnoutlts eq valion, - we ashume. that dhe pluid i» incompressible. , mon’ Viscous and Glows in a Stady stale manner, | Ax, ! Let wh tomstele the pee ag pipe i> tine “thas Ahown I As Pa %& gle. 6 SA, when ia ye tows selene ot dove. on the qlatd , by the plaid behind Lb ine movig PageDFoc Onkineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hip nonficonlneinf thigh alse 0 ctl ern __ Werk = 2h = FAL, aR Ad Cid - a “Sinilorly the eserhe deme,..0n the plaid at the. Looser _erd 1's ” * RA AX Phere Ris the pressure ie _ cross. section of the. ower end and Ot.) is “the — clillanee..-moved..by the. gluih tm the sane Tirae- cisterval.‘t’., the work Whe & Laken bp be -ve.- aw this work is clone. against de, buch Garces. 5 _. ..€nerted dy, the. beanie eich I Wek ripht of (ahead: op) Be _ Lower Aboded water. Ghent tinkdlone ee A Mt Wy, % * Obs Wis RAAL, OBA ox, Mand vy. are. the. Cdbloe tes” at — the. dp tind. dour ends.xespectinly., then Ax, =.Vt- 2 and An er ~W_Baryt——. RA yt From cqjuaiin sep continutty _ . Avy = AM = leteme Jeo perscond - Hence. wad e. So we hyd of evatey, Athen psoas ~ Se. equation @) N= Page OFee info Chap ee For Class XI apfroath te Intermediate || According toS) ows . Avalabl Online hptinwwfconneingo “Povt og this work. ts ubshrseck doy the bch i changing iE Kee an a fork Ls whe in chang tag. ie qravttalional RE 2 Change in KE = A(t) = emi tm Change hy RE = Ae) = omgh, amgh, where hy and Ay’ ave the hocghte og. the upper anh flower ends vespectle yr. Applyd conservation of enevgy~ to this ppg 4 RO vetume of the Glut, we get Worle = qok RE , Cr R) Be yng hme, (AR -B)- 4 Gh GA, Pit PhD A = Be bP Sgh, whist Berioulless equilion ank can be epics aA . Potten Livin SOR = Constt ed he Pak my hh = Conttl Pagel 1Fee Onlincinfo Chapter No. 6 ‘404 approach to Intermediate Alabus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class XI Le Online @ hitp:/fwwnefaconline info According to ae all APPLicATIONS._Oe BERNOULLI ES EQUATION — 1. TORRICELLI' Ss TREORM 3. A siinple appkcalion..oF Bernoutlt «s equattan & Ahowon te fgure.. Suppose a farge tank og quud Aas the Smoll ovigrees. A and Bonk Wi as shaon Let us find thespeed wotlk which the. wetter plows fom the Ovigree (A. fn Pyare + Since Ahe ovtpiees are so small, the egelur Speeds v, and Vy wilt he much Larger dhan... Ahe gpeed Ye of eater. ine . y and Ws of - the toe Aurface 4 > We can thereroe Ckake v, Gs Approximate eo, As Bemoulli +s Meqpretlion mp 43 PG vt fgh, = Bab fue fghy As Vso => B+ $gh = Re kote phe P= = Abmospherre. pressure So Rafgh =Rtoes for Soh = bows Poh > \ Statements. Buk As 2as2' This 13 Térrteellecs..theorem whitch states & The speed of tux ts egal to the veloctty ined by the gluid in galling through the distance (A,-4,) Under ‘the fron ‘0. growity” Pagel 2(Fee Onlineinfo. Chapter {No. 6 en cang apache Sade | According ‘oyu Of Pura Text Book Band For Class XI Available Online @ hitp:{ fine fsconlin info ALTE he speed of the epptus. op heard Js. the... some fs the sp eed ot a ait that pls through a fetobt (h,- ? a it tank don moll clown Dae EP, t he Bie das heen Winsgerred into ik. “4 ran @ oe qd. Ay the ge Aad heen seobated ae 2 at “B’ phon bn, Gere >, then the “KE. would allows’ the bapurd (te te te the lanl coat tanh... Jn acleal practtee , couse openly Losses would aller the.."result t Some ehten 2. Relaliz he a wid Pressure, The Fluia A nso op the. Burnoulli «s equation - ts that the pesare wu be ow whee the Apeed the hid 2s high Suppose bd cote globes throvgh - * is TERN ps Le Assuming the glow oped, a A’ fo be d.20mi! and. at" 2B’ oboe 2/0 mi’, we scant’ the pressure at") uith Hat at ‘A’ As Beonitlees equation ret, ah ee he adal ; But the “anciage RE ts “the Same. ot beth ect ste. Sak. = Pgh, ~ ee th of.) DR EE = Rog hig Pulag Yor O20me , YL 2oms! And f = 1000 eg on? Pagel 3Fasc Ontineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hip nonficonlneinf die gel BoB 2 1980 Wl wi® = This Abrowcs Ahat. the Pretere de the . nara pipe, where — Aheambines ar cboser. tog they is anuch Sonatler. Ahan in ‘cley a” PP Conclusion Phere the speed ts Ai the pressure cuilt he Pony Examples :~ F Ql Fhe bgt om. an aeroplane is he to. AAis opel . The air Ground an. abropa ad ag = 2s buctated ae The wig ts doped. te leg lect iy atr Ao. that, Aidam bins axe closer, thgether hove. the voiag Haw heboos tt, SE cam be En iw Figur. that E here. the _Abream fines. ave “yrced closéy Ai. the speed ravettva - upper Arde ng than © on. the. Laser. The. pressure QS at Abe ton 4 he woeg , Gnd the wotey will be porh opeoaia ) Derleclén Force 4b) (s gashy, aes Bel cs ta eyon the Faster air Lovser pressuye Miho 0 Fenmis ball Act Ay. a. ~ vache tne Auch a3, dat it Apiind a —carekt aA_cmoues__..' forwvaral,_ the velocity. Gh the. at _an_one™ pide. the. hall siacrenses deste ~ Api. and att Apeed ba Ahe inte, hie leeovoes jhe geeveteea clecentes, hes fe an era curvature to! hall Anouin Qs fui ¢ of: bowser aty 7 Heghax Pressure Page 14(Fee Onlineinfo. Chapter No. 6 ja According to Syllabus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class X1 aon pprmte Betis | Arig oe eek 3. VENTURI RELATION :. eT one, of the ptpe has a much smaller Deomiter? n Re other Bs Ahevon be pagure Applyiug Bemovlles exolah~ rriig Rabfy +f9h, eh + As fan, = fgh, ( P- 8 Lees As the ess ~ Ssecbichal) Avea “A, is small as Compared to therarea ‘A; , then en eajuation 4% continurly %. = v= ((A)% YoY, hua Gn Fo Pe a. Large pipe go a. Amal ne gue raagtict v7 on the aight Aand..q the quer. Vy eonVy i V0 [Pie Be LP Fhis.elalion ts Aman aA Vertunt yelaLon whith is used ie Verituntméter, a cleuee wed to measure “ped of Ligaid flow. Page 5Foc Onkineinfo Chapter No. 6 av cng aprons Srermaite | Acorn toSlarus Of Panjab Tet Bok Boar or Cass XI Available Online @ hip nonficonlneinf (4) Btroop. Flow _ Bled ts an incompressible turd faving a density Ai Gil Release valve sso f 2 aa, POO Stethoscope. 2x0 300 180 160 140 Bo 00 #0 ce 40) mm a (Torn) early eqral to that evoter, A high concerhalion (~ SoZ) of red lord ‘cells “Tneweases ih viscostly fom thee te fi Times that of wsciler, "Blood vessels are wigid. They Alvelth fohe ‘ O° tuber “Hse ta, Cb) Under nconal ncincs| FAS. tae Cs) the wolume of the blind is ugpreient to keeps the vowels inpltec at ALL Zines, even ih ‘the relened Cakes bation fear heats. his means there is tension in. the walle the dolood vessels and conseqyuert ly the pressure bleed. inside. i. quater thom the extemal atmosppherie: veSsure » . - Figure 6b) shows. the varialien th block pressure as the Aeart heat. For Health The res Se VANES rr Sa) 4 Goer ra hg) 4 About 75-80 ton between f ty Pion. The rumbers Tend Pagel 6Foc Ontineinfo Chapter No. 6 au eaay approach to ‘Jutermediate esaieg i ate ona = Back pean For Class XI —te_inerease with age, _canespending to. athe decrease th the glexilrlity a the i Cape Torr y= he unit rr or mm tid instead of SI unit OF povessure bebuusd 4 & extensive ube tne. _ medical eqptpmert . itor = 183.3) Newt Si anormal HLS an instuoment whch rmeasures. dolocl prarnicatly pressare a Measurement _ Og lock Pressure 2. An inqlababsle toag 2 wsound Qraond the. Orme of a potrert and external pressure on imereased by trflattag the hag Ayoee e the arm i Whe eggect cs ‘lo wh Arrv.Ond Corps the Jolood wssels instde. When the external pressure opphid Foecarmes ching thaw the ae Pressire , thel vessels Collapse, the _ je2,. ‘the Aled . Oper the seat all ve on the. fag. Gent clecreases dened Presure . A. olithoncepe datecle.) the instant. at whreh the. edltvol « prouurt beeuines equal to the sysolre presere. At rah the pst Aunges blood jee Ahyough marrow Abjecla prc a high lao apded . * a reruet the 4 intial ‘Wrbulent. zs As khe yessure. hops _ the eternal pressure everitually equals the oltartobre garemure » From this iat, the vse mo longer cobiapse cluriai portion the gee cyte. She flo atches ome Trbalent "bo lavticar, Canel the urge. tx. the Alethoacope olizappeacs . his 8 the signal to. record ‘chartobre sires _ a Page 17(Fee Onlineinfo. Chapter {No. 6 ja According to Syllabus Of Punjab Text Book Board For Class X1 aon pprmte Betis | Arig oe eek ExaMPLE 6.3. Mabey 3lws down thru a closed verbcat funnel. The glow speed at the ty 12. om.5" The gla speed bt the athe apeed at the 1 the ong! and the pressive ot the te ww. a a“ ketlom ' is Foorce junne’ 6 40 om U5. J O13 KID Naa”, reasure at xhe bottim! a SoLyrioN :- Speed. op waatey ot top SV = ems! =0:ms! Speed of eater at kettom = V, = 2, Mn = 24 em d's 24m] pa Poe 1 OB KI Nw Ro ep Length of funnel. = ha ff OA _ = 40cm = 04D Density. of voter =f = 1008 le Using Bermoulli «5, Sprealion Poa Pg 4,4 4I02 Bi fphot fie BNR AA gh Py py? = Pit f9(R-R) PEI) Pa fhe + FR K). = hordes Ne (000.64 ons. 1803 x04 m) ot £1000 kg of). 0.12 mn!) O24 mel Bos OSKIO Nom | Anserer. Pagel 8