Mathematics Department

Prof. Dr. Gerd Baumann

Discrete Mathematics MATH-501

Quiz 002

Time 20 Minutes

ID:

Group:

Problem: 1

Using only the predicate symbols given below, translate statements a), b), and c) into first-order logic.

a) Unicorns are mythical creatures.

b) Every unicorn has a single horn.

c) No one has ever seen a unicorn.

Uc(x): x is a unicorn.

My(x): x is mythical.

Cr(x): x is a creature.

Hr(x): x is a horn.

Pr(x): x is a person.

Tm(x): x is a time.

Has(x; y): x has y.

See(x; y; t): x sees y at time t.

x = y: x is identical to y.

Solution

Problem: 2

Give a formal proof of the following argument.

H" xL@PHxL QHxLD @H" xL@PHxLD H" xL@QHxLDD.

Show all your steps in detail.

Solution