Lesson 4:
Network Operations
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Objectives
At the end of this session, you will be able to:
Enumerate the functions of a Network Operating
System (NOS).
Identify the components of a network operating
system.
Identify the elements of client software.
Identify the elements of server software.
Understand the functioning of network services.
Familiarize with the printing procedure on the
network.
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Objectives (contd.)
Develop a solution for interoperability in a multi-
vendor environment.
Differentiate between centralized computing and
client/server computing.
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Network Operating System
Has all the features of a stand-alone operating
system
Offers a lot of facilities in a complex
environment
Is responsible for:
Directing data traffic through the network
Allowing and preventing access to data
Preventing access to data files while they are
being processed
Managing the flow of information between a
variety of workstations
Managing requests for printer services
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Network Operating System
(contd.)
Managing communication and messages
between network user
Managing connections between the network and
remote sites
Has the following components:
Client software
is the network software that is installed on the
clients
Server software
is the network software that is installed on the
servers
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Redirector
Is a component of the client software
Is also referred to as a shell or a requester
Is a small part of the network system that:
Intercepts requests in the computer
Determines if:
the local computer can service the requests
the request needs to be forwarded to another
server
Designator
Makes it unnecessary for the users to know
about the actual location of data
Sends requests to computers or peripherals
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Windows 2000 domain controller ties the network together
Windows 2000
domain controller
Windows 2000 Professional
File and
print server
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Server Software
Allows users on the other machines to share
the server’s data and peripherals including:
Shared directories
Printers
Plotters
Disks
Determines the degree of sharing which
include:
Allowing different users different levels of
access to the resources
Coordinating access to the resources to make
sure that two users do not use the same
resource
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Server Software (contd.)
Assists the network administrator to determine
who will be able to use the network
Can be used to:
Create user privileges
Validate user names and passwords at the time
of logging on
Grant or revoke user privileges on the network
Add or remove users
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Windows Installation
Installation requires the, following parameters to
be followed:
Hardware compatibility
Server naming information
Hard disk partitioning
Network adapter card settings
TCP/IP installation information
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Hardware Compatibility
List
Is the list of hardware components that have
been tested for compatibility with the OS
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Windows 2000 Installation
Requires the user to provide the name of the
network segment
Program prompts the user to specify the
server name
Requires the user to:
Specify the network adapter card
Provide the drivers for the card
Specify the protocol used by the computer
Provide information such as:
IRQ
port addressing
memory addressing
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Domain
Is a logical grouping of computers to simplify
administration
Users log on to a central computer called the
domain controller
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Partitioning
Is the process of dividing the hard disk into
partitions
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TCP/IP
Is the default protocol for a Windows 2000
Server installation
Installation requires the user to provide
information like:
IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway
2000 Server configuration
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IP Address
Is divided into a:
Network ID
Host ID
Has a network ID that:
Identifies all hosts on the same physical
network
Has a host ID that:
Identifies a specific host on a network
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Subnet Mask and Default
Gateway
Subnet Mask
Distinguishes the network ID portion from the
host ID portion
Default Gateway
Is the peripheral to which Internet protocol
sends packets
That are destined for remote machines
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Server Configuration
TCP/IP settings:
Can be specified to configure the server
belonging to a large network that uses:
TCP/IP
DHCP protocols
Indicate that the server must query a central
server for the settings
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Network Services
Are a group of application programs that are
required by the NOS to run the network
Installed by default are:
Alerter services
that notify administrators of various alerts
Event log services that record in the event log
system events
security events
program events
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Network Services (contd.)
Messenger services that manage messages sent
by the::
administrator
alerter services
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Network Printer
Sends the data to be printed to the print server
Where it is stored in a print spooler
Receives the data from the print server
Enables printing which involves:
Redirection of the print job from the local printer
port to the network cable with the aid of the
redirector
Retrieval of the print job by the print server
Sending the job to the print queue with other
items
Can be used by users who have the permission
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Data to be printed goes first to the printer server
Printer
Workstation
Print
Server
RDR
Redirector
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Multi-Vendor Environment
Is created when clients on a network have
various operating systems
Can have interoperability at
Either server end
Or client end
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Windows NT Server supporting clients from multiple vendors
Windows 2000
Server
Windows NT Apple
Novell Macintosh
NetWare
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The Client Solution
Requires different redirectors to be implemented
Which enable different computers to
communicate with different types of servers
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Windows NT Workstation using multiple redirectors
Novell Windows NT
server Windows NT
Server
Workstation
RDR RDR
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The Server Solution
Requires the installation of a service on the
server
Which enables communication in a multi-vendor
environment
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Netware
With Windows 2000 Professoinal-based clients
requires:
NWLINK
which is the Microsoft implementation of the IPX/SPX
protocol
Client Service for NetWare (CSNW)
which is Microsoft implementation of a Netware
requester
With Windows 2000 Server requires:
NWLink
Gateway Services for NetWare (GSNV)
With Windows 95-based client requires:
IPX/IP
Microsoft client for NetWare networks
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Client/Server Networking
Model
Has powerful computers as clients instead of
dumb terminals
With clients and servers can be either:
Centralized computing-based
Or Client/Server-based
Data storage warehouse server off-loads data to
other servers
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Centralized Computing
Has a central computer that executes a program
Permits remote terminal to merely display the
data
Sends data back to the central computer
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Client/Server Computing
Model involves the sharing of work between the
Client
Server
Architecture is an efficient way to provide:
Database access
Database management
Centralized file storage
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A simple client/server network
Clients
Server
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The client is the front end and the server is the back end
Server
Back end
Client
Front end
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Data can be localized on one server or distributed over several
servers
Single Server Client/Server Configuration
Server
Servers
Clients
Distributed Server
Client/Server Configuration Clients
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