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    physics 221

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    3 views34 pages

    456

    Uploaded by

    Edie Luong
    physics 221

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 34
    SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD ¥=(8.00x10° m/s)j and F is the vector from the charge to the point where the field is calculated, EXECUTE: (a) F =(0.500 mji,r=0,500 m Boer = vrjxd =r 10010 Cy8.00%10° mis (0.500 m? =-(x107 T-mv/A) Be -0.9rx10% Tk (b) F=-(0.500 mj.r-=0.500m or and B=0. wx} (© F=(0.500 mk, =0.500 m tub evjnkmwd » 6.00x10% C)8.0010° . (0.500 m)* (@) F =-(0.500 m)j + (0.500 mk, r = Y(0.500 my? + (0.500 my? =| BF = (0.500 my— jx j++ jx k= (4.00108 m"/9)3 B= (x10 T-m/A) 4.92«10° TH 7071 m (6.00%10 C¥(4.0010° m/s) (0.7071 my B= (1x10 T- mA) 1 = +(6.79x10° TH EVALUATE: Ateach point B is perpendicular to both ¥ and F. B=0 along the direction of TnENTIFY: A moving char tic field as well as an electric field bo qesind no Ser Ur; The magnetic field caused by and its electric field is woving charge is 5 since q =e. ae EXECUTE: Substitute the appropriate mers into the above equations, pu He gesing _ 42x10" TWA (1.60%10 C2.210° m/s)sin 0 i 137, out of the page. nr in (3x10 m)? Le _(9,00x10°N-m2/C) (1.6010, er (3x10 my E S.1x10!'N/C, toward the electron. EVALUATE: There are enormous fields within the atom! © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al sighs reserved, This materia is protected under copyright laws 2 they custey exit [Noporion of ths materi may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher me 28-2 28.3. 2B. 28S. Chapter 28 TnENTIFY: A moving charge creates a magnetic fleld. Ho qvsing a? EXECUTE: Substituting numbers info the above equation gives qusing _ 4x10 T-mV/A (1.610 CV3.0%10" mvs) sin30" P ” (2.010% my? SETUr: ‘The magnetic field due to a moving charge is (a) p= 10: =H B. (0) B=(1.00%107 T-mvAy(1.60%10- CY3,00%10" mw/sy(2.00%10°° my? B=120x107 T, out of the page (©) B=0T since sin(180°) =0. EVALUATE: Even at high speeds, these charges produce magnetic fields much less than the earth's rmagnotic field ToexTiry: Both moving charges produce magnetic fields, and the net field is the vector sum of the (wo, fields. ser ur ,00%10°*T, out of the paper, and itis the same at point B. Both fields point out ofthe paper so their magnitudes add, giving as a Bsn esis EXECUTE: Factoring out ame and putting in the numbers gives 4x07 Temi (1.60%10- €)(2.50%10" m/s) = (175x107 my B (sin 40° + 2sin 140°) B=2,52x107 T=2,52 iP, out ofthe page. EVALUATE: At distances very close tothe charges, the magnetic field is strong enough to be important, Iwextiry: Apply B= Ser Ur: Since the charge is atthe origin, Execute: (a) ¥=vi,F=ri, ) ab aja k vi, x = vrk,r=0.500 m, ‘My \|ale _ 2.01077 N-s?/C? 4.8010 €(6.80%10" mis) 6 Cr ais mzaive, 50 B=—0 31x10 TH © 0.500 mis, #x# = (0.500 mk r = 0.7071 (1.01077 N-s2/C7)(4,80%10 €(0.500 m\6,80%10" m/s) (0.7071 my 6 Vigineeyn 3 -( £2 aeer 62x107 T, B=-4.62x107 TE. ris 500 (fe) ro 31x10 Ty). EVALUATE: Ineach case, B is perpendicular to both # and 31x10 7, © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit ‘No potion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating from the publisher Sources of Magnetic Field 28-3, B02, eae magn os, apy heels of sal 28. ‘the two charges and velocities are different. 28.6. IDENTIFY: Apply Ser Ur: Inpatt(a), r ‘and 7 is perpendicular imeach case, so For calculating the force between the charges, r=2. BoB Pea a) aha pa lo{ (0%10% CV4.Sx10 mis) | 8.0%10 CV9.0%10° mis) 4n| 0.120 my" 0.120 m)* “The direction of B isnt the page. (0) Following Example 28,1 we can find the magnetic force between the charge: (jw > 10° x10 50x10° m/s) «10° m Bo 0-7 gn) SOOO CHS 00410% CVA S010" m/SH9.00x0° mi ne (210m Fy =1.69%10" N, ‘The force on the upper charge points up and the force on the lower charge points down, The Coulomb force between the charges is (6.99.10 N-m2yc2 80X10 16.0410" ©) (0240 my points up and the force on the Jower charge points down. The ratio ofthe Coulomb force to the magnetic 3.75N 69x10" N (©) The magnetic forces are reversed in direction when the direction of only one velocity is reversed but the ‘magnitude ofthe force is unchanged. EVALUATE: When two charges have the same sign and move in opposite directions, the force between ‘them is repulsive, When two charges of the same sign move in the same direction, the force between them. is attractive EXECUTE: (4) Bey |= 4.38.10" T. 3.75 N. The force on the upper charge 22x10"; the Coulomb force is much larger. 282. wena: Apply B= HO*, Forte magnets fos on we Fy “By: ‘ T 39 mi, into the page, HAWSIN6 hore r= VET nmand ¢=180°—arctan(S/4) =1287", we get (by Using B= 50 41077 T- mA (1,6.10" C)(45,000 nvs)sin 128,72 B 2.58%107 T, into the te (Waixi07 my a. (0) Fag = vB sin HF = (1,60%10""* C)(BS,000 m/s} 2.58x10 T) = 3.4810 (9.00%10°N-m2/C2) (Jatx107m) N, inthe +-direction, 0x10"? C? (V4, )e*Ir 562x10 Fae N, at $1.3° below the ++x-asis measured clockwise, EVALUATE: The electric force is much stronger than the magnetic force. 28.9. IDENTIFY: A moving charge creates a magnetic field, serve: Apply = M2 = 20.200 mi +0300 mj, and r=0.3606 m EXECUTE: ¥x# =[(7.50%10" m/syi + (4.9010 m/s) j}x{(0.200 mi + (0.300 m) (-2.25%108 m°/s)k +(9.80x10" m/s) =(-1.27x10" m?/s)h, (3.0010 OC12710! mg 95,00" Tf (0.3606 m) EVALUATE: We can check the direction of the magnetic field using the right-hand rule, which shows that the field points in the +2-direction ToeNTIFY: Apply the Biot-Savar law ‘which simplifies to (0010-7 T- mA)! Ser Ur: Apply dB Agee [0.730 my? + (0.390 my? =0.8267 m. Execute: dbx =|0 50007 my jx (0.730 m+ (0.590 my] = 43.6810" mek + 41.9810 820A a 6siciot 08276 ny AB = (2.8310 Thi + 5.28x10-" THK. EVALUATE: The magnetic field lies inthe xz-plane. 28.11, IDENTIFY: A current segment creates a magnetic field S11 Ur Tekin fit Sa ges a= Eure: Appin te vo Botan Snags 42x10" T-m/A (10.0 A)(0.00110 m) sin90° ee 00m dB =(1,00x107 T- WA). vk + 0.9Sx104 (@ ap 40107 T, out ofthe paper. © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-5 Y(5.00.em?+c40em) and (b) The same as above, except 16710" T, out of the page (©) dB =0 since ¢ = 0° EVALUATE: This isa very small fleld, but it comes from a very small segment of current Mo ldlx# _ Yo lalxé a uetan(S/14)=1965", giving 28.12, IneNtiFY: Apply dit Sern, Th naginds fe stl ote caret d= Ht ERE, he 9 arg between # and caren ition never ‘The magn elt tho gen pi i cao HtSne C20 AVOO100 m) “4n or i (0.100 m)? 4 (200 (0.00100 m)sin4s® 2.0010 T n) 0.705%10° T. i 20100)" £200 AY000100 09 9p36* 0.1008) Bene scot ar Pde 30.10m> ‘The field vectors at each pont are shown in Figure 28.12, EVALUATE: Incach case dB is perpendicular tothe current direction. Figure 28.12 28.13, IpeNTIFY and Set Ur: The magnetic field produced by an infinitesimal current element is piven by Eq. (286). As in Example 28.2, use this equation for the finite 0,500-mum segment of wire since the Jongth s much smaller than the distances tothe eld pont. dy ISI xe aor Tis in the +z-direction, so Al = (0.50010 mk EXECUTE: (a) Fel point is at x= 200 m,y {at the origin) to the field point is F = (2.00 myi. Adx# =(0500%10° 2.00 myhxi = 41.0010 mj B. (x10 T- nVA(4.00 Ay(1.00107 m?) (2.00 my? 0 so the vector F from the source point 00x10" 1) ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. Nopotion ofthis material maybe reproduced, in uy form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher 28-6 Chapter 28 (0) F=(2.00 m)j,r=2.00 m. ADF =(0.500%10" (2.00 mpkx}j=-1.00%10" m?)i p_ 22107 TWVAY4.00 AY-1.00%0" my 2.00)" (©) #=(2.00 my + Jr = V302.00 m). Al xF =(0,500%107 (2.00 myx} (><10°7 T= mAy(4.00 A1.00310" my [v2.00 m]" (@ F=€.00 mé,r=2.00m ADF = 050010" (2.00 mkxk =0; B= EVALUATE: Atcach point B is perpendicular to both # and Ai. B 28.14, IDENTIFY: A current segment creates a magnetic field ‘bo lasing ae Both fields are into the page, so their magnitudes add, EXECUTE: Applying the law of Biot and Savant for the 12.0-A current gives 2, sen) 8.00 em (5.0010 THE 1.00%109 m?yji) j-=cime! Ha-) along the length ofthe wire. Ser Ur: The law of Biot and Savant gives di «220 ayo.001s0 m/ 4x10" T-wA ” (0.0800 my aB: 79x10 T ‘The field from the 24.0-A segment is twice this value, so the total field is 2.64%10"" , ito the page EVALUATE: The rest of each wire also produces field at. We have calculated just the field from the two segments that are indicated in the problem. 28.15, IDENTIFY: A current segment creates a magnetic field Ho 1ASIN9 poy folds ate into the page, so their Ser Ur: The law of Biot and Savant gives d= 0 ‘magnitudes add, EXECUTE: Applying the Biot and Savant law, where {16.00 em)? +6.00 em? 421077 T-nvA (28.0 AY(0.00200 mysin 45.0" ” (002121 my EVALUATE: Even though the two wire segments are at right angles, the magnetic fields they create are in the same direction 28.16, IDENTIFY: A current segment creates a magnetic field Ho 1806. 91 oa fds of ul magnitude ad 121em, we have dB =2. 1.7610 T, into the paper. SET Ur: The law of Biot and Savant gives di io the page, so their magnitudes add. 4107 T- mv (15.0 A}0,00120 m) sin 90° * 0.0500 m? EVALUATE: A small current clement causes a small magnetic field, TnexTiFY: We can mode! the lightning bolt and the household current as very Jong current-caryi Execure: dB 88x10 T, into the page. Ser Ur: The magnetic fleld produced by a long wire is, antl EXECUTE: Substituting the mumerical values gives p= (4X10 TmW/A)(20,000 A) 215.0 my @ 104 T © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-7 (4x107 T-WAyao A) B ox10" T, o 2 (0.050 m) EvaLuats: The fil rom the lightning bol is sbout 20 times as strong as the fell from the housshold current 28.18, IDENTIFY: ‘The long curent-canying wite produces a magnetic ek Ser Ur: The magnetic field due to. Jong wire is anh Execute: First find the current: / = 3.50x10"* el/s)(L60x10-" Cle (4x10 T-1W/AV(0.560 A) 24(0.0400 m) Since electrons ae negative, the conventional current runs from east to west, so the magnetic field above ‘the wire points toward the north. EVALUATE: This magnetic field is much less than that ofthe earth, so any experiments involving such a ‘current would have to be shielded from the earth's magnetic field, or at least would have fo take it nto consideration. 28.19, IDENTIFY: We can model the current in the hear as that of along straight wire. It produces a magnetic ficld around it "Now find the magnetic field: 2:80%10°° T a My = 42x107 Toma. 1 gauss = 10 T. serur Fora Jong straight wite, B 2arB _ 2x(0.080 my1.0%10- T) Mo 4x10 TWA EVALUATE: By household standards, this isa very small current, But the magnetic field around the heart (1G) isalso very small 28.20, IDENTIFY: The current in the transmission line creates a magnetic field. If this field is greater than 5% of the earth's magnetic field, it will interfere with the navigation of the bacteria, Serr: EXECUTE: Solving for the current gives J = 5x10 A= 25 UA. 42 aos gsi wr Hol for gives EXECUTE: We know the ficld is 8 =(005\Sx10"* T)=2.5x10° T. Solving 3-4 AL e107 hy OA a aT EVALUATE: Ifthe bacteria are within 8 m (=25 ) of the cable, its magnetic Hild maybe tong enowah to affect their navigation. 2821, IENTIFY: The long curent-canying wite produces a magnetic fol SerUr; The nagetic fed due toa fog wie is 8 = Mel Execure: Fits she forthe curren, then subsite the numbers using the above equation (a) Solving forthe cuen gives I = 2arBiityy = 2(0.0200 m)(1.00x10™ Ty/(4x107 T-m/A)= 10.0.4, (0) The canth’s horizontal field points northward, so at al points diet above the wite the fed ofthe ‘wire would point northward (©) Atal pois diety eas ofthe wire, ts feld would point nothwvand Evatuate: Even though the earth's magnetic field is rather weak, it requires a fairly large current to cancel this eld 2 Foreach wire B= Me! (Eq. 28.9). and the dretion of Bis given by the right-hand rule (Figure 286 inthe textbook) Add the ol vectors foreach wire to calle the total fl (a) Ser Ur: The wo fields at this oin have the directions shown in Figure 28 22a 28.22, IneNTIF ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-8 Chapter 28 EXECUTE: At point midway between the two wires te fields. Band By duc to the two currents are in opposite directions, 30 B=B,~B Figure 28.224 Lol But 8, = 8, = 22, 50 B=0. B= By = 80 (b) Ser Ur: The two fields at this point have the directions shown in Figure 28.22. Execure: At poin@ above the upper wire Band B, ae both directed out of ‘the page (+z-direction), so B = By + By. Figure 28.22) aH 5, tol aa TG 1 EXecuTE: At pont & below the lower | #. wine Hand i ae both directed i the age (rection), 99 B= +B, Figure 28.22¢ Holy, _ bol 4 2m(3a) Qna Hol Wo! _— 2bol 5g Ho 1) = Mol gp. 2H 5 Badal Sea Ea EVALUATE: Inthe figures we have drawn, # due to each wire is out ofthe page at points above the wire and into the page at points below the wire, Ifthe two field vectors are in opposite directions the magnitudes subtract © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28.9 28.23. IDENTIFY: ‘The total magnetic field is the vector sum of the constant magnetic feld and the wire’s ‘magnetic Field SHV Forte wi, Bug =A ade hon gen by ei hd al as (1.50106 THE iystated in Figure 28.6 inthe textbook. By ol 0 soyro-® ty} _ Hal 00A) 1 Execute: (a) At(0,0, 1m, B= B24) = ¢.s0x10% yi - HELM; 0x10" Di, cul (a) Att »), By Dar Y 2x(1.00m) ‘( Ti ALCL m,0,0), B= By + MeL = €.50%10° Ty + HOB OOA) MA 4,0), Be dar : : 27(1.00 m) B= (1.50%10°° TH +(.6%10° THK =2.19%<10° T, at 8= 463° fromxtoz An yj + ot. 00 AD 7" (At (0,0,-025 m), B= B+ ML =a soxtor® Ti+ MECN; G9,c10% 7 o : % lar : 2n(0.25 m) : EVALUATE: At point c the two fields are inthe same direction and their magnitudes add, At point a they are in opposite directions and their magnitudes subtract. At point b the two fields are perpendicular 28.24, IDENTIFY: The magnetic Feld is that of a long current-carrying wie, serve; =H dar 1077 5 Execure: p= Hol 20x10" TWVAVIS0 A) _ 5 g,c10- 7. This is 7% ofthe earth’ field. or Evagre_ Sich els much aller het’ ees el woul be xc ne Ion ca 481 Testo Hi aenby te ih ha Serr Calihan sini Fig 24.25. Te mini el ose wat ie i al Js an shown igs 2a aso} ae shone Fie 8258 EXECUTE: (a) At A, B= 8, and the two fields are in opposite directions, so the net field is zero. Holy Sol a,- Hh, 5, -L0 a, 2. ar, 2an, +m aul 4) era" Tanna 1 1 | 2h te os dH are in the same direction so B 67x10 T 0300 m ” 0.200m, B has magnitude 6.67 iT and is directed toward the top of the page. Sem 20 em (©) InFigure 28.25b, B, is perpendicular to £, and B, is perpendicularto %,. tan and B= 14.04", 1, (0.200 my? + (0.050 my? = 0.206 m and B, = By. B= B,c0s0+ Bycos0= 28,050 = (Bong = Ae” F mein wets asst er, ‘has magnitude 755 7 andi directed othe. EVALUATE: AC points diet to the lf ofboth wires the net lis directed toward the bottom ofthe page 27(0.206 m) ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-10 Chapter 28 Figure 28.25 28.26, IbENTIFY: Each segment of the rectangular loop creates a magnetic field at the center ofthe loop, and all these fields are inthe same direction. Ser UP: Thefield due to cach sepmen is #= Mel 22. isto paper sos clockwise around the loop. EXECUTE: omg sides: a= 4.75 em, <= 210 em. Forthe two lng sides, 5107 m) s B=2.00x107 T- WAL 2A sx (1.74210 TIAL. (2.102107 mylooni0 my “(00S my Short sides: @=2.10 cm. x=4.75 cm. For the two shot sides, B 11.0010"? T-MVANL on (475x107 mp(O.0475 my? +(0.0210 my Using the known field, we have B= (2.082%10"S T/A)/ =5.50x10 T, which gives 1=2.64 A. EVALUATE: Thisisa typical household curent, yet it produces a magnetic field which s about the same asthe can's magnetic fed 28.27. Toevriry: The net magnetic field tthe center ofthe square sth vector sum ofthe Fields du to each wire Ser Ur: Foreach wire, patel and the direction of Bis given by the right-hand rule that is illustrated in Figure 28.6 inthe textbook EXECUTE: (a) and (b) 8=0 since the magnetic fields due to currents at opposi (6.408x10 TAY ‘corners ofthe square cancel (©) The fields due to cach wire are sketched in Figure 28.27. B= costs oost8+ DcostS°+Bc0s 4S =A ont 4{ Bao r= Yd0em)? + Goemy? =10V2 em: (4x107 T-m/Ay(100 A) 2#(0.1002 my EVALUATE: Inpart (c), ifall f ‘square would be to the right. 102 m, so. 120s 45°= 40x10 T, to the lef w currents are reversed in direction, the net field atthe center of the © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit ‘No potion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating from the publisher Sources of Magnetic Field 28-11 ® Figure 28.27 28.28, IDENTIFY: Use Eq. (28.9) and the right-hand rule to determine the field due to each wire. Set the sum of the four fields equal to zero and use that equation to solve forthe field and the current of the fourth wie. SerUr: ‘The thee known curens ae shown in Figure 28.28 wolfe fw 5,0. 9, 5,0 ca B= 422, 0.200 m foreach wire . er Figure 28.28 EXECUTE: Let © be the posit B,=1.00x10" T, By By, =~1.00x10° T, By By: + By, + By, + By, =0 Bg = (By, + Byy + Baz) =—2.0x10° T ‘To give By inthe © direoton the current in wire 4 mst be toward the bottom of the page Hl gg, = PBs (0200 mV20410°° 1 dar 9°" Gam (2x10 T-vAy EVALUATE: The fields of wires #2 and #3 are in opposite directions and their net field is the same as due to acurrent 20.0 A-80 A=120 A in one wire. The field of wire 4 must be in the same direction as that of wire #1, and 10.0 A+ J, =12.0 A. 28.29, IDENTIFY: The net magnetic field at any point isthe vector sum of the magnetic flelds ofthe two wires. Foreach wire #401 and the direction of Bis determined by the right-hand ale described in direction. J,=10.0 A, 1 1, and B =2.00%10°° 7, 0.8010 T, By, =42.00x10% T 0A.1,=200 A. Thon 80x10" OA ser ‘the text Let the wire with 12.0 A be wire | and the wire with 10.0 A be wire 2 Hoh _ 4ax107T-m/Ay20 A) _ Execute: (a) Point O° Bi =16x105 7, encores (8) Point Ot B= oe 2x(0.15 m) tal _ax10TT-m/A100 7 ‘The direction of B; is out of the page, = Hata = GAX10 TF WAWOOAY _9 549-47, dar, Zx(080m) ‘The direction of Bis out of the page, Since By and, are inthe same direction, 110° T and B is directed out ofthe page 6x10 T, directed into the page. By 110% 7 and Bis divcted ino the page. 5x10 T, directed into the page. ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. Chapter 28 28.30, 2831, 28.32, 28.33, 28.34, (©) By isthe same as in pat (a), out ofthe page at Q and into the page at P. The diction of is reverse from what twas in (a) so isto the page at © and out ofthe page at P Point Q: Bi and B, are in opposite directions so B= B, ~ fy = 28x10" T—1.6x10° T=9.0.10°° T and Bis directed into the page Point P: By and By ae in opposite directions so B= B,~ 1 =9.0x10° T and Bis directed out ofthe EVALUATE: Points P and Qare the se distances fom te to wis. The only ference is tht the fields point in citer the sume direction or in opposite directions oexrivy: Apply Eq, (28.11) forthe force from each wire SETUP: Two parallel conductors carrying current in the same direction attract eachother, Parallel conductors carrying currents in opposite directions repel each other. 2 2 au) ale Execute: Onthe top wire £-He"(L_ 1) and, On the mide wie the ma curt: Onthetp wie S=AE( Et) Att ypvand Ont the magnetic EF es 1) aa Fores cance othe net force is eo, On the bottom wire = Ha vn forces cancel ote net forces 20, On tebottom wire = AW 1) tl doy nar EVALUATE: The net force onthe middle wire is zero because at the location of the mille wire the net magnetic ied duet the other two wires is zero. Ioexriry: Apply Eq, 28.11). Ser Ue: Two parallel conductors carrying current in the same direction atract each other, Parallel conductors carrying curtents in opposite directions repel each other Hall (00 AV2.00 AX1.20m) 6 xccure: P= Metal. MICO NATE AZIM _6.99.40- N, and te frei epulsve since the currents ar in eed iectons. (b) Doubling the currents makes the force increase by a factor of four to F = 2.4010 N. EVALUATE: Doubling the current ina wie doubles the magnetic field of that wie, For fixed magnetic field, doubling the cutent ina wire doubles the force thatthe magnetic ld exents onthe wire. Inetiry:_ Apply Ea. 28.1), Ser Ue: Two parallel conductors carying current in the same direction atract eachother. Paral conductors carrying cutens in opposite directions repel eachother. daly (0.0250 (0.60 A) execure: (a) © 833 TL dar (b) The two wires repel so the currents are in opposite directions. EVALUATE: The force between the two wires is proportional to the product of the currents in the wires ToeNTIFY: The lamp cord wires are two parallel current-carrying wires, so they must exert a magnetic force on each other. ‘SET Up: First find the current in the cord, Since it is connected toa light bulb, the power consumed by the bulb is =, Thon find the force per unit length using r= Melt ExecuTE: For the light bulb, 100 W=/(120 V) gives /=0.833 A. ‘The force per unit length is et {6x10-5N/m Since the currents ae in opposite directions, the force is repulsive. EVALUATE: This force is too small 10 have an appreciable effect for an ordinary cord, ToeNTHFY: The wire CD rises until the upwand force £7; due to the currents balances the downward force of gravity SET Ur: The forces on wire CD are shown in Figure 28,34, © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-13 ‘Currents in opposite directions so the force is repulsive and £7 is upward, as shown, Figure 2834 Bq, 28.11) says F ‘where Lis the length of wire CD and his the distance between the wires Execute: -me=Alg bolt sl Thus F—me =O says Me — arg and = aa creates EVALUATE: The larger is or the smaller 4 i, the larger h will be 28.38, TENTIFY: We can model the current in the brain as a ring. Since we know the magnetic field atthe center of the ring, we can calculate the current SerU: Atthe comer a ring. B= 422. tn this case, R=8 em, Lemus =1<10™* 2RB_ 28x10"? mya.0x10-? TD EXECUTE: Solving for/ gives J 3.8107 A, Ho 4x10" T-WvA EVALUATE: This current is about a third of a microamp, which isa very smal current by household standards. However, the magnetic field in the brain is very weak field, about a hundreth of the earth's ‘magnetic field Lol 28.36, IoENTIFY: The magnetic field a the center of acteular loop is B= AE. By symmetry each segment of the loop that has length AY contbutes equally othe Field, othe field at the cemtr ofa semicircle is that of ull oop Ser Ur: Since the straight sections produce no field at P, the field at Pig = Hee aR Execure: fl ‘The direction of B is given by the right-hand rule: B is directed into the page. Hol aR + Calculate the magnetic field vector produced by each wire and add these fields to get the total EVALUATE: Fora quarter-circle section of wire the magnetic field at its center of curvature is 28.37, Ser Ur: First consider the field at P produced by the current /, inthe upper semicircle of wire. See Figure 2837 Consider dhe pr of tis wie tc long sgt econ ‘cna ston Figure 28378 by lal ar Apply the Biot Savart law ai to each piece ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-14 Chapter 28 EXECUTE: parla See Figure 28.37, dixr=0, 80 dB=0 Figure 28.37 ‘The same is true forall the infinitesimal segments that make up this piece of the wire, so B'=0 for this piece. Dart.c See Figure 28.376, ‘and B=0 for this pisce Figure 28.37¢ ‘aIL See Figure 28.374 all is directed ito the paper forall infinitesimal segments that make up this semicircular piece, so Hs directed into the paper and. B= [dl (he vector sum of the df is obtained by adding their ‘magnitudes since they are in the same direction) (zt hae (We used that fl is equal to 2R, the length of wire in the semicircle.) We have shown that the 40 straight sections make zero contribution to B, s0 B, = jiyf/4R and i directed imo the page. Ke For current in the direction shown in SZ Figure 28.37e, a similar analysis gives i By = igly/4R, out of the paper. Figure 28.37¢ hh -H 2, and By aren opposite dietions, so the magnitude ofthe et id at? B= —0,|— Me EvaLuare: When J, © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-15 28.38, IDENTIFY: Apply Eq. 28.16), Ser Ur: At the center ofthe coil, x= ‘ais the radius of the col, 0.0240 m. EXECUTE: (a) B, =/N1/2a, so 1 = 248 20.024 m) (0.0880 MN (xx10™ T-VAY(800) (b) Atthe center, B= 4yNI/2a. Ata distance x from the center, Sein) lear 2a { MoNla (2 +4?) 24a, Sinoe «0.024 m,x=0.0184m. EVALUATE: As shown in Figure 28.14 inthe textbook, the field has its largest magnitude atthe center of the coil and decreases with distance along the axis from the center. 28.39, Inevriry: Apply Eq, 28.16) Ser Ue: Atthe center of the coil, x=0. ais the rads ofthe coil, 0.020 m, NI _ (600) (0.500 A) EXECUTE: (8) Foye, = MONE = HalGOO) 0.500 A) NECUTES (8) Boots == 300020 m) (0) B(x) = NE 50.08 my = LOW 50 NYO 020 2 Faye 2((0.080 my? +(0.020 my) EVALUATE: As show n in Figure 28.14 inthe textbook, the field has its largest magnitude atthe center of the coil and decreases with distance along the axis from the center. 28.40, IpeNTIFY and SeT Ur: The magnetic field at a point on th axis of \ circular loops is given by 942x109 T. 13107 T, B= BoM. Soke for amd set x =0.0600 m Tea xscune; y 2802-4020 _ 1639.10 T0500 my? (00500 og ole (an X1 Tay AV2.50 ANO.0600 my? EVALUATE: At the center of the coll the field is, atl 8x10" T, The field 6.00 cm from the cconter is a factor of 1/2" times smaller. 28.41, IDENTIFY: The field at the center ofthe loops is the vector sum of the field due fo each loop. They must ‘be in opposite directions in order to add to zero, Ser Ur: Let wire | be the inner wire with diameter 20.0 cm and let wire 2 be the outer wire with diameter 30,0 em. To produce zero net field, the Fields Bi, and B of the two wires must have equal magnitudes ae ‘The direction of B is given by the right- ‘and opposite directions. At the conter of a wire loop hhand rule applicd to the current direction. Hol Hol Hoh Moh exccue: Ml, pole! = ges Mel MD, sohing for wes eecure: BaaR 2; eon nian eae 5.0m J.-(FE222)20 4)=180 A. Te dst of and ot eld ae shown niga 281 the page, By must be directed out of the page and 1, is counterclockwise. ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-16 Chapter 28 Figure 28.41 EVALUATE: The outer cument, Zs, must be larger han the iner current, , because the outer ing is larger than the inner ing, which makes the outer curen farther fom the center than the inne curren is 28.42, IDENTIFY: Apply Amper’s lw Ser Ur:_Fromthe ihc rl, when going around the path na counterelockwisedietion cues ‘ut ofthe page ae positive and currents ino the page are negative. EXECUTE: Putha: logs =0=> fd =0 40 A$ tal pt hy=AOA+604=20 A= § Bedl = 1402.0 A) 5.0310 Tom, Path fo Pathe: Lag Pathd: fogs “lh fp 15-40 A= §B-dl = 2040 EVALUATE: I we instead went around cach path in the clockwise direction, the sign ofthe Hine integral ‘would be reversed. 28.43. IDENTIFY: Apply Ampere’s law Ser Ur: py = 42x10" T-m/A EXECUTE: (a) dl = gly =389X104 Tm and gy =305 A. Hal 40 A) S1x10°6 Tem = 5.03.10 Tem, () -3.83%107 Tm since at each point on the curve the direction of aif is reversed. EVALUATE: The line imtegral df around a closed path is proportional tothe net curent that is enclosed by the path 2844, Iouvturyand Set Ur: Atte center of along solemid == (0.180 10.40 m) HN Gxx107 T-mAy4000) EVALUATE: The magnetic field inside the solenoid is independent ofthe radius of the solenoid, ifthe ‘radius is much less than the length, as isthe case here IneNTIFY: Apply Ampere’s law Ser Ur: To calculate the magnetic field ata distance r from the center of the cable, apply Ampere’s law to aciculr pth of radius. By symmetry, fB-dl = B(2xr) forsuch path Execure: EXECUTE: (0) For 0<1 c, the enclosed current is zero, so the magnetic feld is also zero. EVALUATE: A useful property of coaxial cables for many applications is that the current carted by the cable doesn't produce a magnetic field outside the cable, © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-17 28.46, IDENTIFY: Apply Ampere’s law to calculate B. (a) Ser Ur: For a<, Both ‘currents are in the positive direction. Figure 28.460 execu: GB: dl ples $B dl = BOR logs ly ‘Thus B(2Ar)= potty + >) and B soe) EVALUATE: For a¢ both currents contribute tothe total fel. 28.47. IDENTIFY: The largest value ofthe field oocurs atthe surface of the cylinder. Inside the cylinder, the field increases inca fom ave lth cone, sed oud the Bel eceacsvrcly with toe fom Be ental xs ofthe cylinder. Serr Atte suticot he etn =A, ne extn Eq 2821 anes B= Mel and bol, ‘outside the field is 2ar ee aan Execure: For points inside the cylinder, the field is half ts maximum value when Mol 1 bol hich shes r= 272. Ouse the etn, we hve (Mil) which hes = 2 chaos r=. Ont ene none (ati ge EVALUATE: The field has half its maximum value at all points on cylinders coaxial with the wire but of radius R/2 and of radius 22. ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 2818 Chapter 28 2848, Aner =p = serUr: £=0150m pavers; pu HiOOE00A) 5 Gury (0.150) EVALUATE: ‘The il near he center ofthe solenoids independent ofthe radius ofthe solemoid, s ong. as the rads much es than the lng, ats ee, 28.49, (a) IDENTIFY and Ser Up: The magnetic field near the center of a long solenoid is given by Eq. (28.23), B= hp 2 oom T Bxecore: Tans poruntiength ne 2-082 __ 96 ran - a Mol (Aax10™ T-mVA12.0 A) (b) NV =nl, = (1790 tums/m)(0.400 m) = 716 turns Each tumof rads has length 217 of wie. The total Tength of wie required is N(QaR) = (716)(22)(1.40%10 m) = 63.0 m. EvaLoare: A lrg length of wires required. Dus tothe length of wire the solenoid wll have appreciable sistance 2850, TeNTiFy: Knowing the magnetic eda the ener ofthe ood solenoid, we can inthe current causing tat fel serur, <2, p<0.140m iste dane he cn of hens poi wir iso be calculated. This pint mst be between the ime and outer radio the solenoid, but otherwise he kd doesn't depend on those radi, Lar Lr )m)(3.75% 107° EXECUTE: Solving for N gives N= 2272 - 210.180 18.75%107 71799, Mgt (Ax10™ TnA)(1.50 A) EvatuaTe: Withan outer aus of 15 om, the outer ceumferece of the trod is about 100 em, or ‘outa nek. His easonable tht he toroid coud ve 1750 ares Spread vera covumereae of ne meter, 2851, Torry and Ser UP:_Use the appropriate expression forthe magnetic Feld produced by cach current configuration execure: (a) = Heh gy 12278 242.004107 G72) 579,106, ir a a so pa 2RB__ MONOIGTAD _yaycrgs a Nd” G00\ex10"?T aA) dN wp pole. G72 10320) 7! 175 ~ Giex10™ T-avAN40.000) EVALUATE: Mach es uments needed forthe solenoid, because ofits large munber of tums pr unit tenth 2852, Toei. Example 28.10 shows that outside a toroidal solenoid ther is no magnet field and inside it se semantic ieenty 0A SETUP: The tomus extends from 7 = 15.0 cm to 75 =18.0.¢m, EXECUTE: (a) r=0.12m, whichis outside the torus, so MF 280,830) ‘ 720.16, s0 B= ONE. Hal28ONBSOAD > 519-3 7 w *° dar 240.160 m) (© r=020m, wich s ouside the tors, 50 5 =0 EVALUATE: The magnetic field inside the orus is proportional to Ur, soit varies somewhat over the ‘cross-section of the torus © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-19 2453. Tore amp 28 1stow tte ai emi 2 A sere: 070m HoNT _ $4(600\0.650 A) “Der 2x(0.070 my EVALUATE: If the radial thickness ofthe torus is small compared to its mean diameter, B is approximately uniform inside its windings. 254, IENTIFY: Use Eq. 28.24), with ip replaced by {= Kyflp, With Ky =80. Ser Ur: The contribution from atomic currents isthe difference between B calculated with 41 and B calculated with 4, Execute: Lao T, INI _ KyhtoNT _ Ho(B0¥S00W025 A) _ 9 on g9 7 ar ar 24(0.060 m) 29 p-79.0.026 (b) The amount due to atomic currents is B= £5 B= 4) (0.0267 T) EVALUATE: Theses oft oe gal tans te mags: el rode hoe toevr ant ser: Ail eg 2524, wos S Kus) Execute: (a) B: 0.0263 EXECUTE: (a) Ky =1400 2.90107 my0.350 TD) (2x107 Tm A)(1400)500) =0.075 A, (2.90%107 my0.350T) (2107 T-nVAy(52001500) EVALUATE: If the solenoid were air-filled instead, a much larger current would be required to produce the same magnetic field, =0.0198 ase toes Ap Aa! Sern ithe pomenlp ad 7g Kt th apm spi 2arBh —2n(0.2800 myQ.940 1 Ho(S00V2.400 AY EXECUTE: (a) Ky = 2021 He ©) %q=Kqy~1=2020 EVALUATE: Without the magnetic material the magnetic field inside the windings would be B/2021=9.6%10~ T. The presence of the magnetic material greatly enhances the magnetic field inside ‘the windings 28.57, IpeNTIFY: The magnetic field from the solenoid alone is fy = drt. The total magnetic field is B= KgBy. Mis given by Eq, 28.29) Ser Ur: =6000 tumsim EXECUTE: (a) i) By = Moi! = 44 (6000 m™}(0.15 A)=1.13x10° T, y= 4.68%10" Alm. (ii) B= Kg By = ($2000.13 10 1) = 5.887, (b) The directions of B, B, and Mf are shown in Figure 28.57, Silicon steel is paramagnetic and By ‘and Mf are in the same direction. EVALUATE: The total magnetic field is much larger than the field due to the solenoid current alone, ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-20 2858, 28.59, 28.60, Chapter 28 Figure 28.57 The presence of the magnetic material causes the net fild to be slightly stronger than serUr: K, Bite Bousite: = Ku Ho EXECUTE: (a) Ky = 1.5000 () [= Ky Mo = .0015)(40x1077 T-WVA) = 1.259x10°°T A EVALUATE: 1 is not much different from 44) since this isa paramagnetic material InexTIFY: Moving charges create magnetic ficlds, The net field isthe vector sum of the wo ficlds. A ‘charge moving in an extemal magnetic field feels a force. (#) Ser Ur: The magnetic field due toa moving charge is 3 = i feet oe) sing Both fields are into the paper, nagnitudes add, giving Bye, = B+ EXECUTE: Substituting numbers gives anf sinscosmat oie crycyt see mea (0300 my (0.400 my" Bye =1.00%10° T=1.00j/7, into the paper. (W)Ser Ur: The magnetic force ona moving charge is F=ge%B, and the magnetic Held of charge 4/ atte ston of ris ino th gs The fos ons I gy in{ OSE) by fescmy whore ¢ is the angle between # and 7 EXECUTE: Substituting numbers gives 44 | 8.00%10~ CYS.00%10~ C(9.00%10" ms)(6.50%10" m/s) (0.400) |; an| (0.500 my 0.500 49X10 NY}. EVALUATE: These are small fields and small forces, but ifthe charge has small mass, the force can affect its motion. TneNTIFY: Charge 4, creates a magnetic field due to its motion. This field exerts a magnetic force on 3, which is moving in that field, xr ap Serr: Find fi, the field produced by gate lsation of gy B 02015 m, 9.205108 m9 (-0.250 mk (4.8010 €)(9.20%105 m/s)(-0.250 m) » (0.2915 m)> (0.150 m)i +(-0.250 m)j, so (9.20% 10° mw/s)i}x<[(0.150 myi + (0.250 mj] ~(4.457x10 Th. 1.00107 T- mv): © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-21 “The force that Bh exenson «is F, = 458g XBy = (2.90210 OK-530%10° misy 4.45710 T) ck =-(6850%10° Ny EVALUATE: If we think of the moving charge q as a current, we can use the right-hand rule for the direction of the magnetic feld due fo a curtent to find the direction of the magnetic field it creates in the vicinity of gp. Then we can use the cross product right-hand rule to find the direction ofthe force this fedexers on gy, which iin he con in agrecen With ors 2861, tnrwruns, Use E283) an hei hand ao dtomine pus whos eli of be wo wis ace (a)serUr: hens place whee he nage ssa th ero ns hops dicans Scteezn th wies ne pan ote wes Conssra yim avances fone wi canyng eTSOA Re willee em ote Bye By Moly Hol Cradmmea pied +=0.300 0 along ane 0.0m rom he wt caryng 75.0 A and. 100m fom the wie canying caro 25.0 A Garr Ur" Lette wie with /;=250 A be0400mahove te wie with /,=75.0 A. The magnetic felis ofthe wo wis sein oppor deco nthe lan ofthe wie anda ins above bth wis o teas aaa aes eg aseae oete nts cia ee ee oe at pois tv both wins, Consider apna tee x fom th wie caring f= 250 A. Be, willbe se ule B= Dy xvcure: Hol, fils tr xpd ee el Execute: ‘Be =0 along a line 0,200 m from the wire carrying current 25.0 A and 0,600 m from the wire carrying ‘current fy =75.0 A. EVALUATE: For parts (a) and (b) the locations of zero field are in different regions. In each case the points of zero field are closer to the wire that hus the smaller current 28,62, TeNTIFY: The wire creates a magnetic field near it, and the moving electron feels a force due to this fel. SHrUr The mapmt ld dette win i =, a er on ming ha i jasing. Execute: F=|q|yBsing=(evjg!singy2.er. Substituting numbers gives F = (.60%10"! €(6.00%10" mvsyrx10™ T-WVAYS.20 Aysin90°)/[24(0.0450 m)} F = 2.2210" N, From the sigh-hand rule for the cross product, the direction of # is opposite to ‘the curent, but since the electron is negative, the force is in the same direction as the curent EVALUATE: This force is small at an everyday level, but it would give the electron an acceleration of| about 10!'mis 28.63, IDENTIFY: Find the force thatthe magnetic field of the wire exerts onthe electron. SErUr: The force ona moving charge has magnitude F° =|ghBsing and direction given by the right- 2h secon B 9 yenty een rsace: (aE lH) sing aes shes 1.610" CV(2.50%108 m/s)4rx1077 T-mVAY(13.0 A) (9.11107 kx} (0.0200 my hhand rule. Fora tong straight wire, 5.710! nvs?, away from the wire. ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-22 28.64, 28.65, 28.66, Chapter 28 (b) The electric force must balance the magnetic force. e “Hal _ (250,000 mis 107 T- m/AV3.0.A) 2er 224(0.0200 m) away from the wire so the force from the electric field must be toward the wire. Since the charge ofthe clectron is negative, the electric field must be directed away from the wire fo produce a force in the desired direction. EVALUATE: (©) mg. vB, and E 52.5 NIC. The magnetic force is directed <1 N, 9.11510 kg 9.8 mis Fy eB =(1.6x10" CVG25NC)=$x10"! N. Fy =Sx10!" Fag, $0 We can neglect gravity Toevriry: The net magnotic field isthe vector sum ofthe fields due to each wie He. The direction of is given by the right-hand mle EXECUTE: (a) The currents are the same so points where the two fields are equal in magnitude are ‘equidistant from the two wits. The not ili zero along the dashod lin shown in Figure 28.64a (b) For the magnitudes ofthe two fields tobe the same at a point, the point must be 3 times close to the ‘wire wth the smaller current. The net field is zo along the dashed line shown in Figure 28 64. {) As in a, the points ate equidistant from both wires, The net Field is vero along the dashed ine shown, in Figure 28.64¢ EVALUATE: The lines of zero na fild consist of point at which the feds of the wo wires have opposite dlioctions and equal magnitudes Ser Ur: Figure 28.64 ToeNTIFY: Find the net magnetic field due to the two loops atthe location of the proton and then find the force these fields exert on the proton Ser Ur: Fora circular loop, the field on the axis, a distance x from the center of the loop is Jol? a Be 2 +ey R=0,200 m and x= 0.125 m, Execure: The fields add, so Bomar boll Aol |, Putting in the numbers gives Pred (4xx107 T-W/A)G.80 AY(0.200 m 10.200 my? +(0.125 my vBsing = (1.610 2.400.000 mvsy(146%10" T)sin90? = 5.5910" N, 46x10" T. The magnetic force is EVALUATE: The weight of a proton is, than the gravity force on the proton. mg = 1.6107 N, so the force from the loops is much greater Toextiry: B= 40: 4 i and r=0.250 m, 50 ig? serur: Viyh. © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-23 recom: Le 416.0010 T\0.25 m) Mo(-7.20%10 C) voc 8 8 ae = A800 m5)" — 521 ws) 0.250 m, B= Ao PoXF . Ho a ae by 2.20%107 ©), te (0.250 EVALuaTe: The magnetic field in part (b) doesn’t depend on the sign of 28.67. IDENTIFY: Use Eq. (28.9) and the right-hand rule to calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at? produced by each wire. Add these two field vector to find the nt field. (a) Ser Ur: The directions ofthe fields at point ? due to the two wires are sketched in Figure 28.67a, j—vojb)= (60010 1}. 010° and (0, Yor 21 ms. 4607 mis, The sign of vp, isn't determined, (Now Fj and (oh Woe 800 mis =9.20%10°° 1, nesony fT Execute: Bj and fy mast be equal and 6-—-o—> ‘opposite forthe resultant field at P to be zero. a By isto the right 0 /> is out ofthe pase. Figure 28.67a Hoh, _ (6.00 A ann icom) dhs wns (SD) tol) b= Bs ss Fel som) em 050m 6.00 A) = 2.00. iar (b) Ser Ur: The directions ofthe fields at point Q are sketched in Figure 28.67. Execute: 240x10°° B= Qx107 T. war smn) 0.507m Figure 28.67 4B, and i, aren opposite directions and B, > By 50 B= B,—By=240x10-8 T—267 107 T= 2.13% 10° T, and Bs to the ri (©) SerUrt The directions of the field at point Sate sketched in Figure 28,67c, ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. Nopotion ofthis material maybe reproduced, in uy form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher mt chaper F ites Execure: 5, =H. « a ta oof Js, sons Tier By = Hoe 2ary + romng(22°4)- spoear? a0? Tomay(22°4)s00e107 7 ¢ (cir) Fire 2847 28.68, 28.69, B, and B, are right angles o each other, so the magnitude of their resultant is given by fap +B = J2.00x10* TP +(3.00%107 06x10 7, EVALUATE: The magnetic field lines for a long, stright wire are concentric circles with the wire atthe center. The magnetic field at each point is tangent to the field line, so Bis perpendicular tothe Hine from the wire to the point where the field is calculated ToeNTIFY: Find the vector sum of the magnetic Fields due to each wire. bal Ser Ur: Foralong stig wire 40. The direction of Hs givenby the right-hand mule and is perpendicular to the line from the wire tothe point where the field is calculated EXECUTE: (a) The magnetic field vectors are shown in Figure 28.68a. Hel sing for pt Held inte positive ar Wesa Vesa? meta’) ie sirection (© The graph of B versus xa is given in Figure 28.68b. EVALUATE: (d) The magnetic field isa maximum at the origin, x sole me () Ata position om the xxis Py (When x20, 8 =, v2 309 S368 T5800 Tad © o Figure 28.68 Inextiry: Apply /*=/Bsing, with the magnetic Feld at point that is calculated in Problem 28.68. SETUP: The net field of the first two wires atthe location ofthe third wire is 8 =—40"* inthe ae +a") 4 edieton EXECUTE: (a) Wis caning cuenimo the page, ot fes fore inthe ition a ala) $6.00 A904) 20-5 Nn L a2 +a?) ((0.600 my? + (0.400 m)?) © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-25 (b) Ihe wire cames cure ou ofthe page then the ore Fl wil bein the opposite direction as in pat (a, ‘Thus the force will be 1.11x10$ Nim, in the +y-direction, EVALUATE: We could ls calculate the force exert by each of the fist two wires and find the vector sum ofthe two forces 28.70, IDENTIFY: The wires repel each other since they carry currents in opposite directions, so the wires will aoveawvay from eachother until the magnetic fore i just balanced bythe force dust the spring SET Ur: Call the distance the springs cach stretch The fore ofthe spring isk and the magnetic force My PL on x Exrcure: Oncach wite, Fg = Fag. and there are two sping frees on cach wire. Therefore oneach wire is Fn L ba rhea OT which gives x= [M0 Qe x MENS SVE EVALUATE: Since its smal, ill likely be much less than the length ofthe wires. 28.71, ToeNriFY: Apply EFF =0 10 one ofthe wires, The fore one wire exerts on the other depends on /s0 YF =0 gives two equations forthe two unknowns 7 and J SerUr: The fore diagram for one ofthe wires is given in Figure 28.71 r Teo ye ~~ r= 2(0.040 m)sind = two wires, EVALUATE: Since the curren are in opposite directions the wires repel. When /i increased, the angle 8 from the vertical increases, a large curren is required even forthe small displacement specified in this problem. 28,72, IDENTIFY: Consider the forces on each side of the loop. Ser Ur: The forces on the eft and right sides cancel. The forces on the top and bottom segments of the Joop are in opposite directions, so the magnitudes subtract. rsecon: Poff =( ae) Lt) len) ae Nan) mm lh F = LS.00AN0200 mMI4.0-AY/__1_,_L 9710" N, The force on the top segment is cs ‘O100m * 0.026m away from the wire, so the net force is away from the wire EVALUATE: The net force on a current loop in a uniform magnetic field is zero, but the magnetic field of ‘the wire is not uniform: it is stronger closer to the wire. ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-26 Chapter 28 28.73. IDENTIFY: Knowing the magnetic field atthe center ofthe ring, we can calculate the current running through it. We can then use this current o calculate the torque thatthe extemal magnetic field exerts on the ring. SET Ur: The torque on a current loop is T= /ABsing. We can use the magnetic field ofthe rin, ni 8 =422, to calculate the current in the rng 28 ‘mu ee 2RBring _ 22.5010? my(75. 4x10 T) 4ex10 TA £690" and the plane ofthe ing is parallel othe fk AB = (3,00 A)(0.375 T)a(2,50x 10 21x10 Nem. EVALUATE: When the extemal lds perpendicular othe plane of he ring dhe torque onthe rings eo. My lax (00 A. The torque is a maximum when 28,74, Iextiry: Apply ‘Ser Ur: The two straight segments produce zero field at P. The field at the center ofa circular loop of eines =H, th lth sn arate opi =H TxEcUTE; Them of dros feof hg tad te arp ot rads rosin the pgs, Tos, 2 = 2, = 2{ HAL) 1) Al) oto pa. Evawuare: Ifa=), B=0 28.18. ToeNrury:_Find the vector sum ofthe fields duc to cach lop, Mla Way? the field along the xis from betwen them means that the “xin the formula i different for each case Execute: Ser Ur: Fora single loop B= Hore we have two loops, each of 1 turns, and measuring Myla Left coil: xo x44 = 27 AFG aay say? Right colt: x->x-2.= 8, = Ho ___ a 2 2(x=al2y +a?” So, the otal el at a pont a distance x fom the point between them is fa pala’ 1 1 2 (qa say? (aly +a? (b) B versus xis graphed in Figure 28.75, Figure 28.75a is the total field and Figure 28.75b is the field from the right-hand cll y" 1 MNla? 1 AtpoinP, x=0 and B= — (©) At poin an Y (wana we. (ya ($7 nsec 5 = —oNta a?) Saray (al é ono, a (3) @o80m © mae Met ald) | -He~ al) 4 2 (Geral eay? Gaal ray= a a aa (any +a PB _ Nl? 3 2) 3 6¢x—a/2}*(82) aD (eran ray (eralry tat)? a ray? (ala say” © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit ‘No potion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating from the publisher Sources of Magnetic Field 28-27 (aly +a°y PP (alae +a? (al2y +a? ( 3 4ar2?4512) 3 ans de? (air +ay EVALUATE: Since both fist and second derivatives are zero, the fleld can only be cha ig very slowly a I 6000100 0.200 0300 0.400 708 “0.900 -G400 0.300 ~0.200 0.100 a0 @ o Figure 28.75 28,76, IDENTIFY: A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field, but the strength of the field depends on the shape ofthe wire, SeT Ur: The magnetic field at the center ofa circular wire of radius «is = jiH/2a, and the field a distance x from the center ofa straight wire of length 2a is B= ae es EXECUTE: (a) Since the diameter D= 2a, we have B= is f/2a = 4D. (b) Inthis case, the length of the wire is equal to the diameter of the circle, so 2a and x=D/2. Therefore B=“! pei) Jol 42 DAND ses Dita EVALUATE: The field in par (a) is greaterby a factor of y+ 7. Its reasonable that the field due to the circular wire is greater than te field duc to the straight wire because more of the current is close to point 4 forthe circular wire than iti forthe straight wire, 28.77. (a) IDENTIFY: Consider current density J fora small concentric ring and infegrate to find the total current terms of a and R. Ser Ur: Wecan't say IR, since J varies across the cross section. To integrate J over the cross section of the wire divide the wire cross section up into thin concentric rings of radius r and width dr, as shown in Figure 28.77. Figure 28.77 EXECUTE: The area of such a ring i dl, and the current through itis dl = Jd. di dl = J dA ar(2nr de) = 2a dr 1=fat=2nof!ir= re) 0 0- 2a ‘© Copyriht 2012 Pearson Education, Inc, All rights reserved, This mei is protested unde ll copie laws as they cute exis. [Noporion of ths material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing fom the publisher. 28-28 Chapter 28 28.78, 28.79, 28:80, (b) Ibentiry and Ser Ur: (i) r SR Apply Amper’s law ta citcle of midis R. Execute: id =§ Bdl= Bal = zr) Jogi =1; all the current in the wire passes through this path. Thus ¢ Hdl = pglyn) gives B(2Ar and = 20. dar the expression in @) (for rR) gives B= LOL. at y EVALUATE: Note that at 2aR Ll hich is the same. 2aR expression in (i) (for rt) gives Lal xt ae Ser Ur: The horizontal wire yields zero magnetic field since ai <# =0. The vertical current provides the ‘magnetic field of half ofan infinite wire. (The contributions from all infinitesimal pieces ofthe wire point in the same direction, so there is no vector addition or components to worry about.) 444) Ll ants, ol ( sor = Het ands diet ont ofthe as EVALUATE: Inthe equation preceding Eq. (28.8) the limits on the integration are 010 rather than —a to ‘aand this introduces a factor of + into the expression for B. IneNTIFY: Apply Ampere’s law to a circular path of radius r Ser Ur: Assume the current is uniform over the cross section ofthe conductor. EXECUTE: (a) <=> Jeg = 0-9 B=. Ioextiry: Apply dB Execure: a’) ay 0) abe EVALUATE: The expression in part (b) gives B vol in ives B= Hol part) gives B= SE at IoeNTIFY: The net field is the vector sum of the fields due tothe circular loop and to the long straight wire. = Hol. and for pata, FE}: and forte lop, 8 = A ‘The expressi ‘and this agrees withthe result of part (c), For the long wire, © Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Al rights reserved This material is protected under al copyright laws a they curry exit 'Noportion ofthis material muy be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in wating fom he publisher. Sources of Magnetic Field 28-29 EXECUTE: Atihe cenfrof the circular loop the current J generates a magnetic Held tha is into the ge 0 the cutee, nus point the righ. For complet cancellation the two fields must have the same i tal aD ruagnitade: ML Hild rs, ma 2nD- 2K EVALUATE: If J ist the let theo fel a 2881, pENTIY: Use the cunt density Jt find d through a concentric ring and integrate over the appropiate ‘cross section to find the current through that cross section. Then use Ampere’s law to find Bat the specified distance from the center of the wie. arte Dive cs sn af nr in Palelcknesiaher stephan iafiguctaste neces hgh ach one ae nce t= 24i a? per eH nfo pa, Tat cet inched ying dtnertesmsesion=fa'-(48) CaP (A) srs §B-dt=Boxr) Tegci =o (te path encloses the entire cylinder) Figure 24810 EVALUATE: $5 -dl= slays Sts BOR?) ly and B= Mee (serve Dive he res eton ofthe einer into coneatie ings of aces 7” eal wid, 8 was done in pan (a) Se Figue 28 8le. The euent

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