Bie) Casperty FacroR = _Eveney Quist TE. Overt C.F 1300 whi ae PSD kw) 365 vas. 24 ye 5 lee 0 Kilehot ty RISB 9CAnS (oF FUE) i (6) rr Se aes! CONVERSION * Usierea el ee al _ } kw hr= looed 3h00s = 3.4mT 2 6 mee Eye i = RSE at 10” eld Ses <4 os4 R24 x10" Bbw 3.6 MS B.bFY IMS ew: lw Cavan Ewssios = 8.67 x10 mI ISSC 926Xi0 gC My b = Ga.b-tonnes C J4onne = 1000 ks =e) 4 CO > Emmissions =.(32.6-fynnes C ae = 4x6 Sante Coz ( i2gc (Pw yor)B2 Consipee. \) oF GagounE. Me 402) + 150) = ae iSgt = Fg nah Cagson Conrent oF aasoumé (€.C,) reg eer LTRE —— Fae = ll 964 = oleae *a9g ee Cay Miley, ton ft — Clie 44 tir, 1 tometer 830 d hie Pm ail [600 ky €B2. "os 2. Foot, (ca2f)83. “..explain the main factors that make one information source more reliable than another.” Factor # 1 is the main factor that determines reliability. (This issue was discussed more than once in lecture). Factor #1, plus any one of the other three factors, was required to get full marks. Factor PAPER IN RESPECTED JOURNAL Peer-reviewed or “refereed”. To get full marks you needed to explain what this term means. ~ Content reviewed for accuracy by experts in the field. ~ Arms-length “blind” review ‘ARTICLE IN THE POPULAR PRESS (e.g. | Mark the Toronto Star) Not peer-reviewed (non-refereed). 3 Some fact-checking and editorial review, but much higher likelihood of inaccurate information. process. 3 - Review process adjudicated (managed) by an editor, who is normally a leading expert in the field of the journal. _- Many poor papers get rejected, suaisciele ‘Often written by specialists in the field_| Generally written by journalists, who are | 2 of the journal, who often have not experts in the subject matter. substantialexpertise.* | = en cl alata 3. | Journals are “archival” ie., used to Articles are written in large part to 2 record and preserve new knowledge in_ | entertain readers. Writers often distort afield issues to add interest, ie. so-called “artistic license”. Articles are not generally the source of new knowledge. 4. _ | Statements of fact must be “evidence- | Popular articles tend to mix opinion with | 2 based”, with full references to sources _| factual information. Statements of “fact” of information. High levels of evidence | are not subject to high levels of evidence required. required by journals. Sources of z information are usually not referenced. * Note: The credentials of the authors are not considered in the review process. Publication in a journal is based entirely on the merit of the work, ie, the originality or the ideas, the accuracy of the approach/results and the contribution to knowledge in the field. Whether or not the authors have advanced degrees, or are professors, is NOT considered by the expert reviewers.