النمذجة الرياضية لقوام التربة في البادية

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29 102.................................. ................................ ERDAS
60 102.............................................. ................................
61 108......................................... ................................
62 109......................................... ................................
63 110......................................... ................................
( )1 44......................... ................................
( )2 ANOVA 42..........................................
( )3 42....................... ................................
( )4 48............................ ................................
( )5 ANOVA 48............................................
( )6 49......................... ................................
( )7 22.......................... ................................
( )8 ANOVA 22..........................................
( )9 23....................... ................................
( )10 26........................ ................................
( )11 ANOVA 26........................................
( )12 21..................... ................................
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( )14 ANOVA 60.......................................
( )15 61.................... ................................
( )16 66....................... ................................
( )17 ANOVA 66.........................................
( )18 61..................... ................................
( )19 69.......................... ................................
( )02 ANOVA 69..........................................
( )21 10........................ ................................
( )00 13....................... ................................
( )23 ANOVA 13.........................................
( )24 14..................... ................................
( )05 16...................... ................................
( )02 ANOVA 16.......................................
( )27 11..................... ................................
( )02 19.................................
( )29 ANOVA 19........................................
( )30 80.................... ................................
( )11 84...................... ................................
( )10 ANOVA 82.......................................
( )11 82.................... ................................
( )14 88......................... ................................
( )15 ANOVA 88..........................................
( )12 89...................... ................................
( )17 91....................... ................................
( )12 ANOVA 91........................................
( )13 92.................... ................................
( )42 94.............................................
6
( )41 ANOVA 94.......................................
( )40 92.................... ................................
( )41 98................................
( )44 ANOVA 98......................................
( )45 99................. ................................
( )46 108.............................................. one way ANOVA
( )41 108...................... Test of Homogeneity of Variances
( )48 109............................................ One-way ANOVA
( )50 110............................................. One-way ANOVA
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-1 239 480
29 (
.)2004-2003
-2 2004 .USGS
-3 .SPSS
-4 .ERDAS Imagine 9.2
-2 .ARCVIEW 3.2
-6 .ARC GIS 9.3
() :
:
B3B1 Grain Top Soil Index
1. =S1=GSI
B3+B2+B1 Clay minerals Index
2. )S2= (CMI)= (B5/B7 ( Badia Top Soil clay Index
7371
3. =S3=BADSCI )
53+52+51
4. S4=IOI=B3/B1
B5 .Iron Oxide Index
) (=)5. S5= (FMI B4 Ferrous minerals Index
10
:
B4B3 43
V6 =OSAVI= V1=NDVI=
B4+B3+0.16 4+3
V7=MSAVI2=12 [2( + 1) (2 + 1) 2 8( )] V2=TVI=0.5 +
43
B4B30.1 4+3
V8=TSAVI=
B4+B30.09 V3= = 100
B4B3
V9=EVI=2.5
B4+6B37.5B1+1 43
V10=GVI=0.2848B1-0.2435B2-0.5436B3+0.7243B4+0.0840B5-0.18B7 V4=TNDVI=
4+3
45
V11=VDWI=NDII=NDWI= B4B3
4+5 V5=SAVI= (1 + )
B4+B3+L

7- SI7= B3- B4/ B2- B4 1- SI1= B5- B7/ B5+ B7
8- SI8= SQRT(B2* B3) 2- SI2= B1- B3/ B1+ B3
9- SI9= SQRT(B22* B32* B42) 3- SI3= B1* B3/ B1
10- SI10= SQRT(B22* B32) 4- SI4= SQRT(B1* B3)
11- NDSI= B3- B4/ B3+ B4 5- SI5= B1* B3/ B2
6- Si6= B3* B4/ B2
:
R7= B5/B4 R1= B3/B4
R8= B7/B5 R2= B4/B3
R9=B3/B5 R3= B5/B7
R10=B7/B2 R4= B2/B3
R11= B7/B4 R5= B3/B2
R12= B1/B3 R6 = B4/B5
.B 7B 5B 4B 3B 2 B1:
11

( )Zhai and Thomassov; 2000
()
.
( exhaustive
)covariate ( )stepwise regression ()MLR
multiple linear Regression ( regression principal
)component ( )correlation analysis

. Ben-Dor
( ) MLR((1335
TM
. MLR

.)Selija et al; 2006( HyMap
MLR

A .)Gessler et al; 1995(E
stepwise MLR

.
( Geve et al )0210 regression
)RT(tree ( )LIDAR ()
)Digital Elevation Model(DEM RT

.

) )Mulder et al; 2011
( )

( )MLR

12

(.)Mulder et al; 2011
( Salisbury and )1330 ( )10/14
ASTER
RASTE
.
( Breunig et al )2008
( )SWIR ASTER
(( )TIR 10 )14
() non-photosynthetic
vegetation ASTER
10 14
.

( )Pixels
.
.)Bartholomeus et al;2007(%02

.

).(Lillesand et al.2008

(.)Mulder et al 2011
:

( .)Horizons

A 12
( )B 45
22 C
A B.
13
( )
(.)Lillesand et al;2008

( ) . ( )

()Locher and de BaKKen1990
:
()
Sand 0.05 2.0
Silt 0.002 0.05
Clay < 0.002

:
:
.
:

.
:
61
(.)Quick Bird
:

: .

CDs
.

:
-1 :

14

11 .
-2

30-20
.

.

-soil aggregates
cementing agents-1 : -2
-3 -4 -2 .
-3

.
: -4
()
( )
( )......

.
-2
.
12
:
-1
layer stack
Digital number
spectral reflectance
Header file
subset image pixels
Landsat 7 ETM 60 * 60) pixel size( (30 * 30)
Resampling Bilinear interpolation
.
:
spectral radiance L 123421

:
: Bias Gain
Header file DN:
( / /2 /).
:
Reflectivity P 123421
.

:Landsat
:L :ESUN
: drnadir : ( // 2)
.
Header file

:
16
) =(90- sun elevation dr
( )Duffie and Beckman 1980
1998) FAO 56 paper: Crop Evapo-transpiration (Allen et al . :
2
) . :DOY (
365
-2
480 480
( 12 2)
( )1 .
-3
- :
( )
.
11

. ......
- : :
-1 .
-2 )(Phenology
.
-3 ( Biomass
( fraction of Absorbed ) (Leaf Area Index /LAI/
).Photosynthetically Active Radiation fAPAR
)(Chlorophyll

. )(Pixel
()
)(biophysical ( )...
) (canopy
.
- :
20
:
)1 (:)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index /NDVI/

Rouse ( )1914

18
) (Chlorophyll

.
( )NDVI
( (NDVI

) (Chlorophyll
: )(NDVI
)NDVI = (NIR R) / (NIR + R
:NIR : : R . .
) (NDVI 1- 1+
0.4 0.4-0.2
0.2-0.1 0.1
0.001 :

( ) .
:Transformed Vegetation Index :TVI Deering ( )0.2( )1912 )2

][(NIR R) / (NIR + R) + 0.5

(.)Weicheng Wu 2014
Weicheng Wu 2014 : Vegetation Condition Index :VCI )3
)( = 100() /
19
: TNDVI )4
43
=TNDVI
4+3
)Soil (Adjusted Vegetation Index /SAVI/ )5 :
( )SAVI ) (NDVI
( )L NDVI
( ) .
( ) L
( )
.
SAVI=[(NIR R)/( NIR+ R+ L)](1+L) L =0.5
( :) L ( ) Adjusted Factor )0.2 = L) :

L VCI .0.1
( Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index )6 :

)/OSAVI/ :
) OSAVI = (NIR R)/( NIR + R+ 0.16
( )
)7
)(Second Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index /MSAVI2/
1994 : ( (Qi
[
)MSAVI2= * 2(NIR+1) (2* NIR+ 1) 8 (NIR-R ]
) (MSAVI2 1- . 1+
20
:TSAVI )8 :
B4B30.1
=TSAVI
B4+B30.09
)9 )The Enhanced Vegetation Index /EVI/( :

( )EVI

. ) )(canopy (
: )(EVI
])EVI = G [(Pnir Pred)/( Pnir + C1Pred C2Pblue + L
:P .
:L

VCI .%100
C1 C2 :
( G ) = 2.2 1.2 = C2 6 = C1: .
). (Green Vegetation Index /GVI/ )11

GVI=0.2848B1-0.2435B2- 0.5436B3+0.7243B4+0.0840B5-0.18B7
( Igor VDWI )11

)2012Ogashawara :
45
=NDWI
4+5
21
1
22

)S8)S7S6S5S4S3S2S1
.
( )S4S3S2S1 ) (Abbas and Khan2007
( )S7S6S5 ) (Soheila et al
LANDSAT ETM
.
( )S8 )(Douaoui et al 2006

.
3 .
23
4
-1 ) topSoil Grain size Index(GSI :

)GSI=(R-B)*(R+B+G
(Xiao
) 2004 Jieying
-2 ) Clay Mineral Index(CMI

( )2008Hakan Mete Dogan :
CMI= B5/B7
-3 Badia Soil Clay Index
:
)BADSCI= (7 3 7 1)/(5 3 + 5 2 + 5 1
Hakan Mete -4 ( )IO (

)2008Dogan :
IOI=B3/B1
24
Hakan Mete -2 ( )FM (
)2008Dogan :
FMI)=(B5/B4
22
6

( )111618 .
7
26

21
9
28
-6
- :
( )Y
...XK X2X1 Multiple Linear
. Regression

( )X `X ( ) SingularNon .

.
:
Yi
...XKX2X1 Ui
n k :
)Yi = B0 + B1Xi1 + B2Xi1 + + BKXik + Ui . (1
( )n :
Y1 = B0 + B0X11 + B2X12 + + BKX1K + U1
Y2 = B0 + B1X21 + B2X22 + BKX2K + U2
. . .. .. ..
. .. .. .. ..
Yn = B0 + B1Xn1 + B2Xn2 + + BKXnK + Un
( )k+1 ()B0

. :
Y1 1 X 11 X 12 ... X 1K B0 U 0
Y 1 X X 22 ... X 2 K B U
= 2 21 1 + 1 ) . ( 2
. . . . ... . . .

Yn 1 X n1 X n2 ... X nk BK U n

Y = XB + U
29
:Y ( ) n+1 .
:X ( ) n k+1
.
:B ( )K + 1 1 .
:U ( )n 1 .
( ) 1
Y ..XKX2X1
Ui:
) Ui ~ N ( 0 2 I n
Ui ( )N ()0
( . ) 2 In
:
OLS
:
-1 :E ) Ui ( = 0
U 1 E (U 1 ) 0
U E (U ) 0
E (Ui) = E 2 = 2
=
. . .

U n E (U n ) 0
-2 :
Cov (U) = E ( U U ) = 2 In
U 1
U
E ( UU ) = E 2 U 1 U 2 ... U n
.

U n
U 12 U 1U 2 ... U 1U n
2
=E U 2U 1 U 2 ... U 2U n
. . . .

U nU 1 U nU 2 ... U n2
) E (U 12 E (U 1U 2 ) .... E (U 1U n )

) E (U 2U 1 ) E (U 22 .... E (U 2U n )
=
. . ..... .

E (U nU 1 ) E (U nU 2 ) .... E (U n )
2
30
) var(U 1 ) Cov(U 1U 2 .... Cov(U 1U n 0
) Cov(U U ) Var (U .... Cov(U 2U n )
= 2 1 2
. . .... .

) Cov(U nU 1 ) Cov(U nU 2 .... Var (U n )
= ) var (Ui) = E( U i2 2
Cov ( U iU j ) E (U iU j ) 0 I#j
12 0 ...... 0
E( UU ) 0 22 ...... 0

0 0 ...... n2

12 = 22 = ....... = n2 :
1 0 ..... 0
= 2 0 1 ...... 0
0 0 ...... 1
= 2 In
Variance
Covariance Matrix U
U ( )
. Ui
-3
:
R (x) = k + 1 < n
( )r )x( ( )k ( )1
( . ) n
( ) xx ()X
( )K+1 ( ) xx
OLS ( )K+1

. OLS
:
31
OLS
( )1
:
Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2
B 0 , B1 , B 2
( ei2 )
:
i 1 ei2
n
Min
ei YI Yi
e 2
i (YI Yi ) 2
B 2 , B1 , B 0 Yi
:
e 2
i (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 2
ei2
2 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 )(1) 0
B 0
-2 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 0
( )2- :
Y nB B X B X 0
i 0 1 i1 2 i2
Y nB B X B X
i 0 1 i1 2 )(3 i2
ei2
2 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 )( X i1 ) 0

B 1
2 X i1 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 0
( )2- :
X Y B X B X B X x 0
i1 i 0 i1 1
2
i1 2 i1 i 2
X Y B X B X B X X
i1 i 0 i1 1
2
i1 2 i1 i2 )(4
ei2
2 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 )( X i 2 ) 0
B 1
2 X i 2 (Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 0
( )2- :
32
X i2 i Y B 0 X i 2 B1 X i1 X i 2 B 2 X i22 0
X i2 Y i B 0 X i 2 B1 X i1 X i 2 B 2 X i22 )5(
) 2( ) 4( )3(
: . B 2 , B1 , B 0
: :
B K
:
Y nB B X B X
i 0 1 i1 2 i2
X Y B X B X B X
i1 i 0 i1 1
2
i1 2 i1 X i2
X Y B X
i2 i 0 i2 B1 X i 2 B 2 X i22
Y n i X i1 X i2

X Y X X X X
2
i1 i i1 i1 i1 i 2
X Y X X X X 2
i2 i i2 i1 i2 i2
:
Y X X i i1 i2
|D| = X Y X X X i1 i
2
i1 i1 i2
X Y X X X i2 i i1 i2
2
i2
n Y X 1 i2
|N1| = X X Y X X i1 i1 i i1 i2
X X Y X i2 i2 i
2
i2
n X Y i1 i
|N2| = X X X Y i1
2
i1 i1 i
X X X X Y i2 i1 i2 i2 i
n Y X i i2
X X Y X X i1 i1 i i1 i2
B
|N |

X X Y X
1 i2 i2 i
2
i2
Y X X
1
|D| i i1 i2
X Y X X X i1 i
2
i1 i1 i2
X Y X X X i2 i i1 i2
2
i2
33
n Y X
i i2
X i1 X Y X X
i1 i i1 i2
B 2
| | N2

X i2 X Y X
i2 i
2
i2
||D Y i X X i1 i2
X Y i1 i X X X 2
i1 i1 i2
X Y i2 i X X i1X i2
2
i2
B 0 :
B 0 Y B1 X 1 B 2 X 2
: :

:
X1 :X2
Yi B 0 B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ei
:
Y B 0 B1 X 1 B 2 X 2 ei ei 0
Yi Y B1 ( X i1 X 1 ) B 2 ( X i 2 X 2 ) ei
y B X B X e
i 1 i1 2 i2 i
:Y Y
Yi B 0 B 1 X i
:
Y i nB 0 B1 X i
:n
Y i
B
n Xi
B1
n 0 n n
Yi B 0 B 1 X i ........ ()6
B 0 Y B1 X i )1(......
(Y B 0 B1 X 1 ..........)8
( )8 ( )6:
Yi Y B 0 B1 X i B 0 B1 X i
:
34
Yi Y 0
:
Yi Y
or
yi = B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ei ) ( I=123n )(9
n :
Y1 = B1 X 11 B 2 X 12 ........ BK X 1K e1
Y2 = B1 X 21 B 2 X 22 ........ BK X 2K e2
. .
yn = B1 X n1 B 2 X n2 ........ BK X nK en
:
y1 X 11 X 12 ... X 1K B1 e1
y X
2 21 X 22 ... X 2 K B 2 e2

. . . . . . .

y n X n1 X n2 ... X nk B K en
:
Y=x B e
:
:Y ( ) n 1 .
:X ( ) n k 1 .

B 0 :
B 0 Y B1 X 1 B 2 X 2
or
) B 0 Y ( B1 X 1 B 2 X 2
: B ( ) K 1 1 .
:E ( ) n 1 .
:
( ) 1 . 4 :
ei yi B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2
32

.
B1 , B1 :
) e ( y B x B x
2
i i 1 i1 2 i2
2
e 2
2 ( y B x B X )( xi1 ) 0
i

B
i 1 i1 2 i2
1
2 X i1 ( y i B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 0
( )2-:
X y B X
i1 i 1
2
i1 B 2 X i1 X i 2 0
x y B X
i1 i 1
2
i1 B 2 X i1 X i 2
( ... ) 10
ei2
2 ( yi B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 )( X i 2 ) 0
B 2
2 xi 2 ( yi B1 X i1 B 2 X i 2 ) 0
( )2-:
X i2 yi B1 X i1 X i 2 B 2 X i22 0
X i2 yi B1 X i1 X i 2 B 2 X i22 )...(11
:
X i1 yi X i21 X X B1

i1 i2

X i 2 yi X i1 X i 2 X 2
i2 B2
:
xy ( xx) B 1

:
B ( X X ) 1 X Y
| | X X X Y
)adj ( xx
( X X ) 1
| | xx
: B 0 .
36
B 0 Y B1 X 1 B 2 X 2

:
( Yi ) 2
y 2
i Y
i
2

n
( Yi ) 2
y 2
1 Yi 2
( Yi ) 2
y 2
2 Yi 2
) ( X 1 )( Y
x y X Y
1 1
n
) ( X 1 )( Y
x2 y X Y 1
n
) ( X 1 )( X 2
x x X
1 2 1 X2
n
:

F t
R 2
R 2 F R 2 ANOVA
R 2 . ei2
(:)t
t ...xkx2x1 y
:
B1 = B2 = B3 ...= BK = 0 H0
B1 = B2 # B3 # ...BK = 0 H1
( ) t

:
B1
31
B1
tB1
S B
1
S B S 2 B1
1
S B2 var( B1 ) S 2 ea11
1
var( B ) S 2 e( xx) 1
S 2e
ee

Y Y B X Y

y 2
) ( B1 x1 y B 2 x2 y
n k 1 n k 1 n k 1 : B 2
B 2
t B
2
S B
2
S B S 2 B 2
2
S 2
var( B 2 ) S 2 ea 22
B 2
ee
S 2e
n k 1
R2Multiple Coefficient of determination

( )Y
( ) XK ( ) k = 1 ... k
.
:
y xB e
e y B
) ee ( y xB )( y xB
ee y y y xB x B y B x xB
:
ee y y 2 B x y B x y B x xB
B ( x x) 1 x y
( x x) B x y
ee y y 2 B x y B x y
ee y y B x y
:
y y B xy ee
38
:
: . y y
: B xy .
: ee .
R2
Total variation
:
B x y B x y
R2
y y y2
ee
R2 1
y y nY 2
B1 x1 y B 2 x 2 y
R2
y 2
R2
) ( B xy

( ) n-k-1 R-2
:
n 1
) R 2 (1 R 2
n k 1
StatisticsF F

...XK X2X1 Y
:
:H0
XKX2X1 Y:
H 0 : B1 B 2 B K 0
:H1
:
H1 : B1 # B 2 #...B k #0
:
39
B xylk
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40
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41
-
-1
ArcGIS version 9.3 .
-2
.
-3
.
-4
.
-2
.
-6

.
-1 Pearson Correlation analysis
.
-8 Multiple Linear Regression
SPSS

regression model Multiple

Royston and Sauerbrei
) )2008 stepwise regression SPSS
version 20.0
.

stepwise regression SPSS version 20.0
.

.

42
.

.
-13 ( )12-8
Coefficient
of determination R2 Adjusted
standard errors of the
models variables
%1 .%2
-14 ( )13-8
.
-12 .
-16 quantitative criteria measured
and predicted values R2 R2

.
:YiXi :
:n .
-11 one-way algorithm .Levene Test
43
:
:
( )Y Response variable
( )V11V10V9V8V7V6V5V4V3V2V1
.2.21 2.25 SPSS Stepwise
.

()V11V4V6V9V7

. ( ) 1 (
.(SPSS
( )1
Change Statistics
R Adjusted Std. Error of the R Square Sig. F

Model R Square R Square Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Change
sand .420 .177 .170 16.728 .037 28.784 1 637 .000

)v7 v9 v6 v4 v11 Predictors: (Constant
( )1 Adjusted R Square R 2=0.170

Square R2
() %0.17
(.)V11V4V6V9V7
R Correlation coefficient ()
( ) ( )V11V4V6V9V7 R=0.420
Sig. F Change .0.000
( )2 Stepwise
( )V11V4V6V9V7 . ANOVA
44
( )2 ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
sand Regression 38234.165 5 7646.833 27.328 .000
Residual 178245.924 637 279.821
Total 216480.089 642

)v7 v9 v6 v4 v11 Predictors: (Constant
( ) 2 .F
F=27.328 0.000 0.05
0.01 0.05 0.01
.
()3
.Stepwise
( )3
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
sand )(Constant 66.391 11.756 5.647 .000
v11 -158.762 32.892 -.333- -4.827- .000
v4 -721.988 86.270 -2.428- -8.369- .000
v6 2407.681 255.755 4.735 9.414 .000
v9 -1035.072 144.749 -2.712- -7.151- .000
v7 182.835 34.079 .460 5.365 .000
Dependent Variable: sand

( )3 ) )66.391
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
V11 ( )-158.762
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 V11 ( )
( )1 V4 ( )-721.988
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
V4 ( ) V6
( )2407.681 0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01 V6 ( )
V9 ()-1035.072 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 V9
( ) V7 ()182.835
42
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 V7 ( ).
:

= 66.39072303 721.9878846 v4 + 2407.681418 v6 + 182.8354566 v7
1035.072478 v9 158.7622548 v11
Normality test of residuals

( )10
( )11
.
11 11
TNDVI NDVI
OSAVI MSAVI2 EVI
NDWI

GVI .
46
12
41
:
( )S5S4S3S2S1
2.21 2.25 SPSS Stepwise
.
( ) 1 (
.(SPSS
( )4
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of the R Square Sig. F

Model R Square Square Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Change
sand .476 .227 .221 16.210 .005 4.169 1 637 .042
Predictors: (Constant) s3 s1 s4 s2 s5
Adjusted R Square R 2=0.221 ( )4
%0.221
(.)S5S4S3S2S1
R Correlation coefficient R=0.476
( )5 Stepwise
()S5S4S3S2S1 . ANOVA
( )5 ANOVA
sand Regression 49107.218 5 9821.444 37.379 .000
Residual 167372.871 637 262.752
Total 216480.089 642
Predictors: (Constant) s3 s1 s4 s2 s5
( ) 5 .F
F=37.379 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )6 .Stepwise
48
( )6
Standardized
sand )(Constant 53.451 11.229 4.760 .000
s3 2745.331 348.862 4.045 7.869 .000
s1 -679.281 145.034 -1.145 -4.684 .000
s4 -277.470 47.630 -2.475 -5.826 .000
s2 146.709 27.548 .825 5.326 .000
s5 20.829 10.201 .109 2.042 .042

( )2 ( )53.451
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
S3 ( )2745.331 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
S3 ( )
( )1 S1 ( )-679.281
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 S1 ( )
S4 ( )-277.470 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
S4 ( )
S2 ()146.709 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 S2
( )
S5 ()20.829 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 S5
( ).
:

= 53.45107596 679.280713 S1 + 146.7092435 S2
+ 2745.331044 S3 277.4696463 S4 + 20.82861728 S5
Normality test
of residuals ( )13
49
( )14
.
14 13

) 7 (31
=BADSCI
) 5(3 +2+1
20
115
21
:
( )si11si10si9si8si7si6si5si4si3si2si1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 7 (
.(SPSS
( )7
Change Statistics
Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Model R R Square R Square F Sig. F
Square Estimate df1 df2
Change Change Change
sand .458 .209 .203 16.391 .006 4.506 1 637 .034
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5 si1 si6 si7

%0.203
(.)si7si6 si5si2si1
( )8 Stepwise
()si7si6 si5si2si1 . ANOVA
( )8 ANOVA
sand Regression 45341.419 5 9068.284 33.753 .000
Residual 171138.670 637 268.664
Total 216480.089 642
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5 si1 si6 si7

( ) 2 .F
F=33.753 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )9 .Stepwise
22
( )9
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
sand )(Constant 78.330 10.483 7.472 .000
si2 -81.624- 35.173 -.199- -2.321- .021
si5 -306.293- 48.511 -.632- -6.314- .000
si1 -113.125- 33.888 -.168- -3.338- .001
si6 111.700 30.052 .456 3.717 .000
si7 -23.815- 11.220 -.145- -2.123- .034

( )9 ( )78.330
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
Si2 ( )-81.624 0.05
0.021 0.05 Si2
( ) ( )3
Si5 ( )-306.293 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
Si5 ( )
Si1 ( )-113.125 0.05
0.01 0.001 0.05 0.01
Si1 ( )
Si6 ()111.700 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 Si6
( ) Si7
()-23.815 0.05 0.034
0.05 S5 (
).
:

= 78.3301264 113.1251684 i1 81.62448598 Si2
306.2929139 Si5 + 111.7004348 Si6 23.81545128 Si7
Normality test
of residuals ( )12
( )17
.
23
17 16
24
11 8
22
:
( )r12 r11r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 1 (
.(SPSS
( )10
Change Statistics
Adjusted R Std. Error of
Model R R Square R Square Sig. F
Square the Estimate F Change df1 df2
Change Change
sand .482 .232 .228 16.138 .017 14.200 1 638 .000
Predictors: (Constant) r12 r2 r11 r5

%0.228
(.)r12 r11r5r2
( )11 Stepwise
()r12 r11r5r2 . ANOVA
( )11 ANOVA
Regression 50313.868 4 12578.467 48.295 .000
sand Residual 166166.221 638 260.449
Total 216480.089 642

( ) 11 .F
F=48.295 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )12 .Stepwise
26
( )12

Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 60.144 11.086 5.425 .000
r12 -171.351- 15.963 -.652 -10.734 .000
sand r2 56.167 6.862 .559 8.185 .000
r11 99.715 13.348 .513 7.470 .000
r5 -45.835- 12.163 -.242 -3.768 .000

( )12 ( )60.144
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
r12 ( )-171.351- 0.05
0.000 0.05 0.01 r12
( )
( )12 r2 ( )56.167
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
r2 ( )
r11 ( )99.715 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r11
( ) r5
()-45.835 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r5
( ).
:
= 60.14388372 + 56.16748107 2 45.83536542 R5
+ 99.71542859 R11 171.351258 R12
Normality test
of residuals ( )13
( )02
.
21
21
19
28
21
29
:
( )b7b4.b5b3b2b1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 13 (
.(SPSS
( )13
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of
Model R R Square F Sig. F
Square Square the Estimate
Change Change df1 df2 Change
sand .493 .243 .240 16.009 .006 5.064 1 639 .025
Predictors: (Constant) band7 band1 band5

%0.240
(.)b7b5b1
( )14 Stepwise
()b7b5b1 . ANOVA
( )14 ANOVA
sand Regression 52706.193 3 17568.731 68.548 .000
Residual 163773.895 639 256.297
Total 216480.089 642
Predictors: (Constant) band7 band1 band5

( ) 14 .F
F=68.548 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )15 .Stepwise
60
( )15
Standardized
sand )(Constant 52.693 4.902 10.749 .000
band7 341.533 44.394 1.017 7.693 .000
band1 -380.942 40.648 -.581 -9.372 .000
band5 -101.523 45.114 -.339 -2.250 .025
( )15 ( )52.693
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
b7 ( )341.533 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
b7 ( )
( )15 b1 ( )-380.942
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
b1 ( )
b5 ( )-101.523 0.05
0.025 0.05 b5
( ).
:

= 52.69269333 380.9417705 B1 101.5227218 B5
+ 341.5333438 B7
61
Normality test
of residuals ( )00
( )01
.
23 22
62
24
63

(
)
:
= 62.2011 - 31.1222*V11-144.398*V4 + 481.2363*V6 - 201.014*V9 +
36.26109*V7 + 249.0662*S3 - 132.826*S1-22.4939*S4 + 29.34182*S2 +
4.162123*S2 - 16.3249*Si2 -61.2286*Si2 - 22.622*Si1 + 22.34009*Si6 -
4.16309*Si1- 34.2103*R12 + 11.2332*R2 +19.94309*R11 -
9.16101*R2+68.30661*B1 - 16.1884*B1- 20.3042*B2
Sin Rn . Sn Vn :
1 4 3 B4 B3
= (66.39072303 721.9878846 + 2407.681418 + 182.8354566
5 4 + 3 B4 + B3 + 0.16
12 [2 (4 + 1) (2 4 + 1) (2 4 + 1) 8 (4 3)] 1035.072478 2.5

B4 B3 4 5
158.7622548 )
B4 + 6B3 7.5B1 + 1 4 + 5
1 3 1 5
+ (53.45107596 679.280713 + 146.7092435 + 2745.331044
5 3 + 2 + 1 7
)7 (3 1 3 5
277.4696463 ) + 20.82861728
)5 (3 + 2 + 1 1 4
1 5 7 1 3
+ (78.3301264 113.1251684 81.62448598 306.2929139
5 5 + 7 1 + 3
1 3 4 3 3 4
+ 111.7004348 23.81545128 )
2 2 2 4
1 4 3 7
+ (60.14388372 + 56.16748107 45.83536542 + 99.71542859
5 3 2 4
1
) 171.351258
3
1
)+ (52.69269333 380.9417705 1 101.5227218 5 + 341.5333438 7
5
64
25
62
:
( )V11V10V9 V8V7V6V5V4V3V2V1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 16 (
.(SPSS
( )16
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Model R R Square Sig. F
Square Square Estimate F Change df1 df2
Change Change
clay .170 .029 .027 11.3641 .029 19.086 1 639 .000
Predictors: (Constant) v11

%0.27
(.)v11
( )17 Stepwise
()v11 . ANOVA
( )17 ANOVA
clay Regression 2464.863 1 2464.863 19.086 .000
Residual 82522.816 639 129.144
Total 84987.679 640
a. Predictors: (Constant) v11

( ) 17 .F
F=19.086 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .
66

( )18 .Stepwise
( )18
Standardized
clay )(Constant 25.527 .757 33.708 .000
v11 51.085 11.693 .170 4.369 .000
Dependent Variable: clay
( )18 ( )25.527
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
v11 ( )51.085 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
v11 ( ).
:

= 25.53 + 51.1 11
Normality
test of residuals ( )02
( )07
.
27 26

.
61
28
68
:
( )S5S4S3S2S1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise .
( )19
( .(SPSS
( )19
Change Statistics
Model R R Square F
Square Square Estimate df1 df2 Sig. F Change
Change Change
clay .392 .154 .148 10.6348 .025 18.852 1 636 .000
Predictors: (Constant) s3 s1 s2 s5
%14.8
(.)S5S3S2S1
( )20 Stepwise
()S5S3S2S1 . ANOVA
( )02 ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Regression 13056.441 4 3264.110 28.861 .000
clay Residual 71931.238 636 113.099
Total 84987.679 640
Predictors: (Constant) s3 s1 s2 s5
( ) 02 .F
F=28.9 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )21 .Stepwise
69
( )21

Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 184.040 23.641 7.785 .000
S3 -1324.551 169.175 -3.011 -7.829 .000
clay S1 960.592 134.198 2.475 7.158 .000
S2 -85.535 13.905 -.552 -6.151 .000
S5 -34.816 8.019 -.221 -4.342 .000

( )21 ( )184.040
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
S3 ( )-1324.551 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
S3 ( )
( )01 S1 ( )960.592
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 S1 ( )
S2 ( )-85.535 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
S2 ( )
S5 ()-34.816 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 S5
( ).
:

= 184.040 + 960.592 S1 85.535 S2 1324.551 S3 34.816 S5
Normality test
of residuals ( )12
( )11
.
10
29
11
31 31
( )BADSCI
12
:
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 00 (
.(SPSS
( )00
Change Statistics
Square the Estimate df1 df2
clay .338 .114 .111 10.8628 .049 35.093 1 638 .000
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5

%11.1
(.) si5si2
( )23 Stepwise
() si5si2 . ANOVA
( )23 ANOVA
Regression 9703.413 2 4851.707 41.116 .000
clay Residual 75284.266 638 118.000
Total 84987.679 640
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5
( ) 23 .F
F=41.116 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )24 .Stepwise
13
( )24
Standardized
Unstandardized Coefficients
Model Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 26.204 3.202 8.183 .000
clay si2 116.335 12.836 .434 9.063 .000
si5 92.994 15.698 .284 5.924 .000

( )24 ( )26.204
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
Si2 ( )116.335 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
Si2 ( )
( )04 Si5 ( )92.994
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
Si5 ( ).
:

= . + . + .
Normality
test of residuals ( )10
( )11
.
33 32
(
) .
14
34
12
:
( )r12r10r9r8r3 2.21 2.25
SPSS Stepwise
.
( ) 05 (
.(SPSS
( )05
Change Statistics
R Adjusted R Std. Error of R Square Sig. F

Model R Square Square the Estimate Change F Change df1 df2 Change
clay .420 .177 .172 10.4890 .050 38.385 1 636 .000
Predictors: (Constant) r10 r9 r3 r8 r12

( )05 = 0.177 Adjusted R Square R 2 %17.7

(.)r10r9r8r3
R Correlation coefficient R=0.420 Sig. F Change
.0.000
( )26 Stepwise
()r10r9r8r3 . ANOVA
( )02 ANOVA
clay Regression 15016.119 4 3754.030 34.122 .000
Residual 69971.560 636 110.018
Total 84987.679 640
( ) 02 .F
F=34.122 0.000 0.05
0.01 0.05 0.01
.
() 27
.Stepwise
16
( )27
Standardized
clay )(Constant 921.049 120.461 7.646 .000
r10 -40.781 6.849 -.472 -5.954 .000
r9 -42.216 15.680 -.189 -2.692 .007
r3 -305.841 44.537 -1.972 -6.867 .000
r8 -533.979 86.187 -1.861 -6.196 .000
( )27 ( )921.049
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
r10 ()-40.781
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01 r10 ( )
( )07 r9 ( )-42.216
0.05 0.01 0.007 0.05 0.01
r9 ( )
r3 ( )-305.841 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r3 (
) r8 ( )-533.979 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01 r8
( ).
:

clay = 921.049 40.781 10 42.216 R9 305.841 R3 533.979 R8
Normality test of residuals

( ) 15
( )12

11
36 35
18
:
( )b7b1 2.212.25
SPSS Stepwise
.
( ) 02 (
.(SPSS
( )02
Change Statistics
Model R R Square R Square Sig. F
Square the Estimate F Change df1 df2
Change Change
clay .357 .127 .125 10.7811 .106 77.449 1 638 .000
Predictors: (Constant) band7 band1

%12.5
(.)b7b1
( )29 Stepwise
()b7b1 . ANOVA
( )29 ANOVA
Regression 10831.184 2 5415.592 46.593 .000
clay Residual 74156.495 638 116.233
Total 84987.679 640
( ) 02 .F
F=46.593 0.000
0.05 0.01 0.05
0.01 .

( )30 .Stepwise
19
( )30

Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 19.357 3.336 5.802 .000
clay band7 -110.566 12.114 -.493 -9.127 .000
band1 211.771 24.063 .475 8.801 .000

( )30 ( )19.357
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
band7 ( )-110.566 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
band7 ( )
( )30 band1 ( )211.771
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01 band1 (
)
:

clay = 19.357 110.566 B7 + 211.771 B1
Normality test
of residuals ( )37
( )38

38 37
80
39
81

(
)
:
= 235.236 + 10.22 11 264.9102 3 + 192.1184 1 17.107 2
6.9632 5 + 23.267 2 + 18.5988 5 8.1562 10 8.4432
9 61.1682 3 106.7958 8 22.1132 7 + 42.3542 1
Sin Rn . Sn Vn :
1 4 5 1 )7 (3 1
= (25.53 + 51.1 ) + (184.040 1324.551
5 4 + 5 5 )5 (3 + 2 + 1
B3 B1 B5 B5
+ 960.592 )) ( 85.535 ( ) 34.816
B3 + B2 + B1 B7 B4
1 B1 B3 B1 B3
+ (26.204 + 116.335 ( + 92.994 ))
5 )(B1 + B3 B2
1 7 3 5
+ (921.049 40.781 ( ) 42.216 ( ) 305.841
5 2 5 7
7 1
( 533.979 ))) + (19.357 110.566 7 + 211.771 1
5 5
82
41
83
:
( )V11V10V9 V8V7V6V5V4V3V2V1
.2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.

()V9V7V6V4V11
.
( ) 11 (
.(SPSS
( )11
Change Statistics
Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Square Estimate df1 df2
silt .401 .161 .155 9.350 .036 27.539 1 637 .000
Predictors: (Constant) v11 v4

v6 v7 v9
Square R2
() %15.5

(.)V9V7V6V4V11
R Correlation coefficient ()
( ) ()V9V7V6V4V11
R=0.401 Sig. F Change .0.000
( )32 Stepwise
()V9V7V6V4V11 . ANOVA
84
( )10 ANOVA
Regression 10698.446 5 2139.689 24.474 .000
silt Residual 55690.308 637 87.426
Total 66388.754 642
Predictors: (Constant) v11 v4 v6 v7 v9

( ) 10 .F
F=24.474 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )33 .Stepwise
( )11

Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 23.800 6.571 3.622 .000
v11 107.112 18.385 .405 5.826 .000
v4 420.646 48.221 2.554 8.723 .000

silt
v6 -1168.877 142.956 -4.151 -8.176 .000
v7 -119.195 19.049 -.542 -6.257 .000
v9 424.590 80.909 2.009 5.248 .000
Dependent Variable: silt

( )33 ) )23.8
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
V11 ( )107.112 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
V11 ( )
( )11 V4 ( )420.646
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01 V4 (
) V6 ( )-1168.877
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 V6 ( )
V7 ()-119.195 0.05
82
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
V7 ( )
V9 ()424.590 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 V9
( ).
:

= 23.8 + 107.112 V11 + 420.646 V4 1168.877 V6 119.195 V7 + 424.590 V9
Normality test
of residuals ( )41
( )40
.
42 41
86
43
81
:
( )S5S4S3S2S1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise .
( ) 14 (
.(SPSS
( )14
Change Statistics
Square Square the Estimate df1 df2
silt .436 .190 .188 9.164 .038 30.203 1 640 .000
Predictors: (Constant) s3 s1
%18.8
(.)S3S1
( )35 Stepwise
()S3S1 . ANOVA
( )15 ANOVA
Regression 12644.665 2 6322.332 75.288 .000
silt Residual 53744.089 640 83.975
Total 66388.754 642
( ) 15 .F
F=75.288 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )36 .Stepwise
88
( )12
)(Constant 37.668 2.133 17.659 .000
silt s3 -574.077- 78.916 -1.528- -7.275- .000
s1 379.177 68.995 1.154 5.496 .000
( )12 ( )37.668
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
S3 ( )-574.077 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
S3 ( )
( )12 S1 ( )379.177
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05
0.01 S1 ( ).
:

= 37.668 574.077 3 + 379.177 1
Normality test
of residuals ( )44
( )45
.
45 44
89
46
90
:
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 17 (
.(SPSS
( )17
Change Statistics
Model R R Square Sig. F
Square Square the Estimate F Change df1 df2
Change Change
silt .440 .194 .189 9.160 .009 7.122 1 638 .008
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si1 si11 si7

%18.9
(.)si7 si11si2si1
( )12 Stepwise
()si7 si11si2si1 . ANOVA
( )12 ANOVA
Regression 12855.034 4 3213.758 38.301 .000
silt Residual 53533.720 638 83.909
Total 66388.754 642
Predictors: (Constant) si2 si1 si11 si7
( ) 12 .F
F=38.301 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )39 .Stepwise
91
( )13
Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 29.232 5.160 5.665 .000
si2 72.657 11.956 .321 6.077 .000
silt si1 105.685 17.976 .284 5.879 .000
si11 96.340 18.433 .458 5.227 .000
si7 23.577 8.835 .259 2.669 .008
( )39 ( )29.232
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
Si2 ( )72.657 0.05
0.000 0.05 0.01 Si2
( ) ()13
Si1 ( )105.685
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
Si1 ( )
Si11 ( )96.340 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 Si11
( ) Si7
()23.577 0.05 0.01
0.008 0.05 0.01 Si7
( ) .
:
= 29.232 + 72.657 2 + 105.685 1 + 96.340 11 + 23.577 7
Normality test
of residuals ( )47
( )42
.
48 47
92
49
93
:
( )r12 r11r10r9r8r7r6r5r4r3r2r1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 42 (
.(SPSS
( )42
Change Statistics
Square Square the Estimate df1 df2
silt .513 .263 .255 8.780 .013 11.263 1 635 .001
Predictors: (Constant) r10 r12 r8 r5 r7 r2 r9

%25.5
(.)r9r2r7r5r8r12r10
( )41 Stepwise
()r9r2r7r5r8r12r10 . ANOVA
( )41 ANOVA
Regression 17441.896 7 2491.699 32.325 .000
silt Residual 48946.858 635 77.082
Total 66388.754 642
Predictors: (Constant) r10 r12 r8 r5 r7 r2 r9

( ) 41 .F
F=32.325 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )42 .Stepwise
94
( )40

Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 23.585 6.161 3.828 .000
r10 -88.737 14.246 -1.353 -6.229 .000
r12 104.216 14.087 .716 7.398 .000
r8 -181.018 30.147 -1.835 -6.005 .000

silt
r5 130.922 18.538 1.250 7.062 .000
r7 -76.905 14.650 -.725 -5.249 .000
r2 61.150 15.452 1.098 3.957 .000
r9 83.169 24.782 .483 3.356 .001

( )40 ( )23.585
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
r10 ( )-88.737 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
r10 ( )
( )40 r12 ( )104.216
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
r12 ( )
r8 ( )-181.018 0.05
0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
r8 ( )
r5 ()130.922 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r5
( ). ( )40
r7 ( )-76.905 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r7
( )
r2 ( )61.150 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01 r2
( ) r9
()83.169 0.05 0.01
0.001 0.05 0.01 r9
( ).
92
:

= 23.585 88.737 10 + 104.216 12 181.018 8 + 130.922
5 76.905 7 + 61.150 2 + 83.169 9
Normality test
of residuals ( )52
( )51
.
51 51
96
52
91
:
( )b7b4.b5b3b2b1
2.21 2.25 SPSS
Stepwise
.
( ) 41 (
.(SPSS
( )41
Change Statistics
Square Square Estimate df1 df2
silt .487 .237 .235 8.894 .141 118.529 1 640 .000
Predictors: (Constant) band7

band1
%23.5
(.)b7b1
( )44 Stepwise
()b7b1 . ANOVA
( )44 ANOVA
Regression 15765.363 2 7882.682 99.656 .000
silt Residual 50623.391 640 79.099
Total 66388.754 642

( ) 44 .F
F=99.656 0.000
0.05 0.01
0.05 0.01 .

( )45 .Stepwise
98
( )45
Model t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
)(Constant 33.295 2.521 13.205 .000
silt B7 -140.532 9.955 -.756 -14.117 .000
B1 211.653 19.441 .583 10.887 .000
( )45 ( )33.295
0.05 0.01 0.000
0.05 0.01
b7 ( )-140.532 0.05 0.01
0.000 0.05 0.01
b7 ( )
( )45 b1 ( )211.653
0.05 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.01
b1 ( ).
:

= 33.295 140.532 7 + 211.653 1
Normality test
of residuals ( )51
( )54
.
54 53
99
55
100

(
)
:
= 29.516 + 21.4224 + 84.1292 233.7754
23.839 +84.918 114.8154 3 + 75.8354
1 + 14.5314 2 + 21.137 1 + 19.268 11 + 4.7154
7 17.7474 10 + 20.8432 12 36.2036 8 +
26.1844 5 15.381 7 + 12.23 2 + 16.6338 9
28.1064 + 42.3306
Sin Rn . Sn Vn :
1 4 5 4 3 B4 B3
= (23.8 + 107.112 + 420.646 1168 .877 119 .195
5 4 + 5 4 + 3 B4 + B3 + 0.16
12 [2(4 + 1) (24 + 1)(24 + 1) 8(4 3)] + 424.590 2.5
B4 B3
)
B4 + 6B3 7.5B1 + 1
1 )7 (3 1 B3 B1
+ (37 .668 574.077 + 379.177 )
5 (
5 3 + 2 + 1) B3 + B2 + B1
1 7 1 7 3
+ ( (23.585 88.737 ) ( ) + 104 .216 ( ) 181.018 ( ) + 130.922
5 2 3 5 2
5 4 3
( 76.905 )) ( ) + 61.150 ( ) + 83.169
4 3 5
1 B1 B3 B5 B7 B3 B4
+ (29 .232 + 72.657 + 105 .685 + 96.340 + 23.577
5 B1 + B3 B5 + B7 ()B3 + B4
B3 B4 1
)) + (33 .295 140.532 7 + 211.653 1
)(B2 B4 5
101
56
102

57
103
58
104
:

EML ERDAS IMAGINE
Soil Texture :
59 ERDAS
61
102
:
: ( ) -1
()
.
: -2

.
: -3
.
: ) (*.shp -4
.
: -2
.
: -6
.
106
:
29
:
One way ANOVA -1 :
Levene homogeneity variance -2 :

101
:
One-way ANOVA
one way ANOVA ) 64(
ANOVA
Clay
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 140.037 6 23.340 6.684 .000
Within Groups 181.584 52 3.492
Total 321.622 58
Test of Homogeneity of Variances ) 64(
Clay
Levene
Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
4.486 5 52 .002
Means Plots
61
108
:
One-way ANOVA ) 64(
ANOVA
Silt
Between Groups 1119.069 11 101.734 5.570 .000
Within Groups 858.476 47 18.265
Total 1977.546 58
Test of Homogeneity of Variances ) 64(

Silt
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
3.343 7 47 .006
Means Plots
62
109
:
( )50 One-way ANOVA
ANOVA
Sand
Between Groups 2129.661 15 141.977 14.838 .000
Within Groups 411.446 43 9.569
Total 2541.107 58
Test of Homogeneity of Variances ( )15

Sand
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.615 9 43 .014
Means Plots
63
110
:
Land Sat ETM 7 -

.
-
.
-
: ( 11) ( 2) (11
) ( 12) ( )6
42
.
-
) ERDAS Macro Language (EML )Language(SML
ERDAS Spatial Modeler

*.shp
.
-
.
() -
( )

.
-

.
-
.
111
:
:
.. .1
.2010/1431
.. .2
( . .3
2004 )
.)191 194 (
.) ( . .4
.
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1 22............................. ................................ ................................

spectral radiance L 123421

)1 (:)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index /NDVI/

:Transformed Vegetation Index :TVI Deering ( )0.2( )1912 )2

SAVI=[(NIR R)/( NIR+ R+ L)](1+L) L =0.5

( :) L ( ) Adjusted Factor )0.2 = L) :

( Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index )6 :

) OSAVI = (NIR R)/( NIR + R+ 0.16

])EVI = G [(Pnir Pred)/( Pnir + C1Pred C2Pblue + L

). (Green Vegetation Index /GVI/ )11

( Igor VDWI )11

-1 ) topSoil Grain size Index(GSI :

-2 ) Clay Mineral Index(CMI

Hakan Mete -4 ( )IO (

R2Multiple Coefficient of determination

-11 one-way algorithm .Levene Test

R Adjusted Std. Error of the R Square Sig. F

sand .420 .177 .170 16.728 .037 28.784 1 637 .000

( )1 Adjusted R Square R 2=0.170

sand Regression 38234.165 5 7646.833 27.328 .000

Residual 178245.924 637 279.821

Total 216480.089 642

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

sand )(Constant 66.391 11.756 5.647 .000

v11 -158.762 32.892 -.333- -4.827- .000

v4 -721.988 86.270 -2.428- -8.369- .000

v6 2407.681 255.755 4.735 9.414 .000

v9 -1035.072 144.749 -2.712- -7.151- .000

v7 182.835 34.079 .460 5.365 .000

Dependent Variable: sand

1035.072478 v9 158.7622548 v11

Normality test of residuals

R Adjusted R Std. Error of the R Square Sig. F

sand .476 .227 .221 16.210 .005 4.169 1 637 .042

sand Regression 49107.218 5 9821.444 37.379 .000

Residual 167372.871 637 262.752

Total 216480.089 642

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

sand )(Constant 53.451 11.229 4.760 .000

s3 2745.331 348.862 4.045 7.869 .000

s1 -679.281 145.034 -1.145 -4.684 .000

s4 -277.470 47.630 -2.475 -5.826 .000

s2 146.709 27.548 .825 5.326 .000

s5 20.829 10.201 .109 2.042 .042

Dependent Variable: sand

sand .458 .209 .203 16.391 .006 4.506 1 637 .034

Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5 si1 si6 si7

sand Regression 45341.419 5 9068.284 33.753 .000

Residual 171138.670 637 268.664

Total 216480.089 642

Predictors: (Constant) si2 si5 si1 si6 si7

Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

sand )(Constant 78.330 10.483 7.472 .000

si2 -81.624- 35.173 -.199- -2.321- .021

si5 -306.293- 48.511 -.632- -6.314- .000

si1 -113.125- 33.888 -.168- -3.338- .001

si6 111.700 30.052 .456 3.717 .000

si7 -23.815- 11.220 -.145- -2.123- .034

Dependent Variable: sand

sand .482 .232 .228 16.138 .017 14.200 1 638 .000

Predictors: (Constant) r12 r2 r11 r5

( )12 Adjusted R Square R 2=0.228