Name: Vince Felipe Olivar, BsCoE 3-1

Subject: Electronics Devices and Circuits

Project Proposal
Title: Fire Alarm using Thermistor

Project Description:
Fire alarm is prime necessity in modern buildings, banks and gas
station. It can be the deciding factor between life and death. In such
commercial areas there is a higher probability of causing fire specially the
industrial buildings. Fire alarm detects the fire in ambiance at a very early
stage by sensing smoke or heat and raises an alarm which warns people
around and sufficiently does preventive measure. It not only prevents a big
losses caused by deadly fire but sometimes prove to be a life saver.

In this proposal, we are building a fire alarm using thermistor and

transistor as a key component of the circuit. The main component of these
circuit is the thermistor , which has been used as an fire detector. Thermistor
is a temperature sensitive resistor which resistance changes according to the
temperature. Here the 555 IC has been configure in Astable mode so that the
buzzer produces an oscillating sound. In astable mode the capacitor charges
through resistance R1 and R2 , till 2/3 Vcc and discharges to R2 till it reaches
to 1/3 Vcc. During the charging time OUT PIN 3 of 555 IC remains high and
during discharging remains low, thats how it oscillate.

When there is no fire, the thermistor remains 10k ohm and the
transistor remains on because there is sufficient voltage across the base
emitter of transistor which makes it on. When the transistor is on, pin 4 reset
is connected to the ground causing 555 IC doesnt operate.

When there is a fire, the thermistors resistance starts to decrease and

the voltage across the base emitter of the transistor decreases until it is less
than the operating voltage of the transistor and it becomes off. When
transistor becomes off, reset pin of 555 IC , gets positive voltage through R3
and starts to work and buzzer beeps.
Circuit Diagram:

Components/Materials:

555 IC Timer
5 NPN Transistor BC547
Resistors ( 1k, 100k , 4.7k )
Ceramic Capacitor (100 uF)
Thermistor (10k)
Variable resistor (1M)
Buzzer and Battery 9v